Magnetorheological brake device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to a magnetorheological brake device and method, the magnetorheological brake device having a stationary holder (4) and two brake components (2, 3), a first brake component (2) connected to the holder (4) for joint rotation, extending in an axial direction (20), a second brake component (3) comprising a hollow sleeve portion (13) rotatable around the first brake component (2). A gap (5) is formed between the first brake component (2) and the second brake component (3), in which at least one, two or more rotatable transmission components (11) are arranged. The gap (5) is filled with a magnetorheological medium (6). The first brake component (2) comprises a core (21) made of magnetically conductive material extending in the axial direction (20) and an electric coil (26) wound around the core (21) in the axial direction (20) such that a magnetic field (8) of the electric coil (26) extends transversely through the first brake component (2).

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of the patent application with international application date 10 January 2019, application number 201980007666.0, and the invention title “Magnetorheological brake device and method”. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0002] The invention relates to a magnetorheological brake device having a fixed holder and having at least two brake components. The magnetorheological brake device according to the invention can be used in various technical fields to brake the relative movement of one another. The magnetorheological brake device according to the invention can also be used as a haptic operating device and, for example, can be used in the operation of technical devices in vehicles, aircraft, airplanes, ships, boats, agricultural technology (tractors, combine harvesters, harvesters, other agricultural field machines), construction machines and machines for material handling (forklifts, etc.) or in medical or industrial systems. The invention can also be used in the operation of or as an input device for washing machines, kitchen appliances / household appliances and devices, radios, video cameras and film cameras, high-fidelity sound systems and television systems, smart devices, smart household appliances, notebook computers, personal computers, smartwatches, in the crown wheel of watches or as a rotating wheel in computer mice or other appliances. BACKGROUND

[0003] Magnetorheological fluids, for example, comprise the finest ferromagnetic particles, for example carbonyl iron powder, distributed in oil. Spherical particles with a diameter of 1 to 10 pm depending on the production process are used in magnetorheological fluids, wherein the particle size and shape are not uniform. If such a magnetorheological fluid is influenced using a magnetic field, the carbonyl iron particles of the magnetorheological fluid will join along the magnetic field lines, as a result of which the rheological properties of the magnetorheological fluid (MRF) are greatly influenced by the shape and strength of the magnetic field.

[0004] WO 2012 / 034697 A1 discloses a magnetorheological transmission device comprising two components which can be coupled to one another and which is capable of influencing the coupling strength of the components. A duct is provided with a magnetorheological medium to influence this coupling strength. The magnetorheological medium is influenced in the duct via a magnetic field. A rotator is provided in this duct and an area is provided on the rotator which is acute-angled and contains the magnetorheological medium. The duct or at least a part of the duct can be influenced using the magnetic field of a magnetic field generating device in order to selectively join the particles and block or release the rotator. This magnetorheological transmission device can also be used on knobs for operating technical appliances. Such a magnetorheological transmission device performs and makes possible the transmission of particularly high forces or torques while being relatively small in construction.

[0005] WO 2012 / 034697 A1 also discloses a knob or operating knob, wherein the actual knob is attached in a rotatable manner about an axis. The braking torque can be controlled by means of the magnetic field of an electric coil. If a higher braking torque is desired, a cylindrical roller can also be used instead of a spherical rotator, with the result that the magnetic field acts on a longer length of stretch or a larger surface area. It has been shown, particularly in the case of knobs or operating knobs having a relatively small diameter, that the extension of the roller does not necessarily result in an increase in the maximum braking torque that can be generated. It has been shown that the reason for this is that the magnetic field is closed through the central axis or has to pass through it. The small diameter of the axis limits the braking torque that can be generated, since the magnetic field required for the braking process is quickly saturated in the (axis) material. The material through which the magnetic field flows no longer allows a higher magnetic flux, which is why a stronger magnetic field cannot reach the roller either. The smallest cross section through which the magnetic field flows in the entire magnetic circuit limits the maximum possible magnetic flux and thus the maximum braking torque in the braking device. The use of a longer roller as a rotator can even have a negative effect on the braking torque that can be generated, since the magnetic field is distributed over a longer roller surface area. A smaller field strength is applied. Since the braking effect that can be achieved does not depend linearly on the magnetic field, but rather increases disproportionately at stronger magnetic fields, the braking effect that can be achieved in the case of weaker magnetic fields decreases disproportionately. SUMMARY

[0006] It is therefore an object of the present application to provide a magneto-rheological braking device that makes it possible to provide a high braking torque (torque) or to provide a higher braking torque than in the case of the prior art, particularly at small diameters or even up to particularly small diameters.

[0007] This object is achieved by means of a magneto-rheological braking device having the features of the first aspect of the application. Further advantages and features of the magneto-rheological braking device are apparent from the general description and the description of exemplary embodiments.

[0008] The magneto-rheological braking device according to the application comprises a stationary holder and at least two braking components. A first braking component is connected to the holder in a rotationally fixed manner and extends in an axial direction. A second braking component comprises a sleeve portion, which is embodied hollow and can be rotated about the first braking component. A gap is embodied between the first braking component and the second braking component. At least one, two or more, particularly rotatable, transmission components are arranged in the gap. The gap is at least partially filled with a magneto-rheological medium. In this case, the magneto-rheological medium lubricates the transmission components. The first braking component comprises a core extending in the axial direction, which is embodied from a magnetically conductive material, and at least one electric coil, which is wound about the core in the axial direction, such that the magnetic field of the electric coil extends transversely through the first braking component.

[0009] The first brake component defines an axial direction. However, the first brake component can also be implemented at least in regions which are angled relative to the axial direction. In the sense of the present application, the phrase "the core of the first brake component extends in the axial direction" is to be understood as meaning that the core also extends at least substantially in the axial direction. The core can comprise an orientation which is angled slightly relative to the axial direction. For example, the core can also be oriented at an angle of 2.5° or 5° or 10° or 15° relative to the axial direction. The windings of the electrical coil likewise do not have to be oriented precisely along the axial direction around the core. The electrical coil can also be wound around the core at an angle of 5° or 10° or 15° or the like relative to the axial direction. However, in all cases, preferably, the angle between the orientation of the core and the axial direction and the angle of the windings of the electrical coil relative to the axial direction is less than 20°, in particular less than 10°.

[0010] The magnetorheological brake device according to the application has a number of advantages. One rather large advantage of the magnetorheological brake device according to the application is that the electrical coil is arranged on the first brake component. Due to the electrical coil being wound in the axial direction around the core (at least a substantial portion of the core or the entire core), a particular advantage arises. The magnetic field of the electrical coil thus extends transversely (in other words, radially relative to the longitudinal axis) relative to the axial direction of the first brake component. This is a great difference relative to the prior art disclosed in WO 2012 / 034697 A1, in which the electrical coil is arranged on the outer component and in which the windings of the electrical coil extend concentrically relative to the axial direction. In the prior art, a magnetic field thus arises which extends in the axial direction through the interior of the two components. In the case of the prior art, the inner component (which is usually configured to be thin-walled) thus limits the cross section for the magnetic flux, and thus the maximum total magnetic flux to be achieved. In contrast, in this case, the magnetic field or the magnetic field lines extend transversely relative to the first or inner brake component, and thus transversely through the first or inner brake component. In this case, the elongation of the first brake component increases the possible magnetic flux, and thus the brake torque in the case of the same diameter. The possible core diameter, which is usually configured to be small, thus no longer limits the magnetic flux. In the case of the application, the windings of the electrical coil are preferably (at least substantially) located in or close to a plane which comprises the central axis of the axial direction. In contrast, in WO 2012 / 034697 A1, the central axis is perpendicular relative to the plane of the windings of the electrical coil.

[0011] In the case of the magnetorheological brake device, the transmission component is at least partially surrounded by the magnetorheological medium. In general, it is preferable to use a magnetorheological fluid as the magnetorheological medium.

[0012] Preferably, the plurality of, in particular rotatable, transmission components are arranged distributed over the circumference of the gap. The transmission components can rotate in the gap and, during rotation of the first and second brake components, preferably at least partially relative to each other. A central component or the entire rotatable transmission component, in particular, is dimensionally stable and does not change its shape (at least not significantly) during rotation. Preferably, the rotatable transmission components rotate at least slightly during rotation of the second brake component relative to the first brake component.

[0013] In a preferred refinement, at least one transmission component is embodied as a roller body. In the sense of the present application, the term "roller body" is to be understood as meaning a rotating body which is suitable for rolling in the gap on the first or second brake component.

[0014] Preferably, the at least one roller body comprises a cylindrical or spherical or circular or rounded (substantially dimensionally stable) cross section. In particular, the roller body can comprise an (elongated) cylindrical cross section. The roller body can be rounded at the ends or can be embodied tapering to a point or can be angled. Other cross sections, in particular end cross sections, are also possible. It is particularly preferred that a cylindrical roller be used as a roller body. A cylindrical roller body has the significant advantage that the roller body can be effective over the entire length of the cylindrical cross section. The effectiveness is thus increased.

[0015] One significant advantage of the present application is that a stronger braking torque can be produced by the elongation of, for example, a cylindrical roller body. While the elongated roller body, the electrical coil can also be elongated (in a favorable manner) and extends in the longitudinal direction of the first brake component. In the case of an electrical coil embodied as long in the axial direction, a larger penetration surface area (cross-sectional area through which the magnetic field flows) is provided for the magnetic field. Thus, in the case of the present application, the elongation of the first brake component in the axial direction also enlarges the cross section of the core. A stronger braking torque can thus be achieved by means of the elongation of the first brake component in the axial direction.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, at least some of the transmission components are embodied from magnetically permeable material. In particular, at least some of the transmission components are embodied from non-magnetic material. If transmission components embodied from magnetically permeable material are used and at the same time transmission components embodied from non-magnetic material are also used, the magnetic field thus concentrates itself in the region of the magnetically permeable transmission components. This leads to a concentration of the magnetic field and to an increase in strength in the region (concentration of magnetic field lines). Since the relationship between the brake torque that can be produced and the magnetic field strength is not linear and since the brake torque that can be produced does not become proportionally stronger as the magnetic field becomes stronger, it is possible to achieve a significant enhancement of the brake torque that can be produced (in the case of the same installation space / dimensions).

[0017] In all embodiments, it is not necessary to increase the diameter of the first brake component in order to increase the brake torque that can be generated. This is particularly important since many use possibilities do not allow a brake device to have a larger outer diameter, or a larger outer diameter would be a clear competitive disadvantage (for example, in the case of a watch, a side adjustment wheel is too large). In order to enhance / increase the brake torque, the first brake component can be embodied to be longer in the axial direction, which is not disadvantageous or a small disadvantage in terms of the installation space required.

[0018] In all embodiments, it is preferred that the sleeve portion is embodied on the knob. It is preferred that the sleeve portion can be formed as a single part with the knob. In the case of this embodiment, it is preferred that the knob or the sleeve portion is embodied in the shape of a "can". A "lid" of the sleeve portion can be connected to the sleeve portion as a single part, or can be fastened to the sleeve portion separately.

[0019] It is preferred that the sleeve portion is embodied from a magnetically conductive material and provides an outer ring for the magnetic field. In order to generate the brake torque, the magnetic field penetrates the first brake component transversely with respect to the axial direction and penetrates the gap at the location of the roller body embodied to be magnetically conductive. The magnetic field exits the roller body into the outer ring or into the sleeve portion. In the sleeve portion, the magnetic field lines extend back to the other side of the first brake component and penetrate the gap (on the opposite side) at the roller body again before the magnetic field lines enter the first brake component again. Thus, a closed magnetic circuit or closed magnetic field lines are provided.

[0020] As described in WO 2012 / 034697 Al, under the influence of the magnetic field, a wedge action is formed on the roller body in the case of a relative rotation of the first brake component and the second brake component relative to one another. The disclosure of this publication is incorporated by reference in its entirety into the present application. In the case of the present invention, a brake torque is likewise generated by means of the wedge action on the transmission component or the roller body or the rotating body.

[0021] It is preferred that the at least one radial wall thickness of the sleeve portion is at least half the gap width of the gap and / or the diameter of the transmission component. It is preferred that the radial wall thickness of the sleeve portion is greater than 3 / 4 of the gap width of the gap and / or the diameter of the transmission component. The radial wall thickness of the sleeve portion can also be particularly greater than the diameter of the transmission component. By means of the sufficient wall thickness of the sleeve portion embodied from a magnetically conductive material, it can be ensured that the desired field strength of the magnetic field can be generated in the region of the roller body in order to be able to generate a high brake torque.

[0022] In all embodiments, it is preferred that the length of the first brake component in the axial direction is greater than the length of the transmission component in the axial direction. If the transmission component is embodied in the axial direction to be shorter than the first brake component, this leads to a three-dimensional concentration of the magnetic field in the edge region of the transmission component or the roller body. The magnetic field can actually only penetrate the gap in the region in which the transmission component or the roller body is located.

[0023] It is preferred that the length of the gap in the axial direction is at least twice the length of the transmission component in the axial direction. It is also possible and preferred that two or more transmission components, in particular roller bodies, are arranged one after the other in the axial direction. In this case, it is possible, for example, for the magnetically conductive transmission components and the non-magnetic transmission components to alternate in the axial direction, so that, for example, every second or third transmission component in the axial direction is embodied in a non-magnetic manner. As a result, a concentration of the magnetic field is produced, which is advantageous for the maximum brake torque that can be produced.

[0024] It is preferred that the first brake component is embodied in an essentially cylindrical manner and comprises one or more electrical coils and a cylindrical base body as a core. It is also possible, for example, to comprise a ball for mounting a knob, and the ball can be arranged centrally on the distal end in order to provide a simple bearing arrangement between the first brake component and the second brake component.

[0025] It is preferred that the electrical coils are wound in axial and transverse grooves of the cylindrical base body (of the first brake component). It is preferred that the axial and transverse grooves are at least partially filled with a potting compound. As a result, it is prevented that the magnetorheological medium or the magnetorheological fluid penetrates into the region of the coil wire. Otherwise, this can lead to a separation of the fluid.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, the cylindrical base body (of the first brake component) can be surrounded by a sleeve body which is fixedly connected to the cylindrical base body. In this case, the radial thickness of the sleeve body is preferably significantly less than half the radial gap width of the gap. It is particularly preferred that the radial thickness of the sleeve body is less than 1 / 4 of the radial gap width of the gap. It is particularly preferred that the radial thickness of the sleeve body is less than 1 / 6, 1 / 8 or 1 / 10 of the roller body diameter. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the sleeve body is embodied from a magnetically conductive material. The sleeve body provides a protective sleeve. As a result, wear of the potting compound when the rotary body is rotating is reliably prevented. Fundamentally, no or only a small amount of the magnetic field penetrates the gap in the region of the potting compound, so that no significant forces act on the roller body in the region of the potting compound and thus no significant forces act on the potting compound. However, in the case of continuous operation, wear can occur, which can be reliably avoided by the thin sleeve body. The thin sleeve body reduces the magnetic losses, since only a small part of the magnetic field is short-circuited by the sleeve body.

[0027] Preferably, the holder comprises a cable sleeve. A connecting cable for a coil and / or a sensor cable, etc. can be further guided by means of the holder or through the cable sleeve of the holder. Thus, a simple assembly process and cost-effective production are made possible.

[0028] Preferably, the holder comprises a receiving device for the anti-rotation connection to the first brake component. In this case, the holder can receive the first brake component in a non-positively locking and / or positively locking manner. During operation, the brake torque between the first brake component and the second brake component is transmitted via the holder.

[0029] Preferably, the holder comprises a cylindrical running surface for the bearing device and supports the sleeve part in a rotatable manner on the holder.

[0030] It is preferred that a seal is arranged on the cylindrical running surface, wherein the seal is arranged in particular closer to the gap than the bearing device. Thus, the bearing device is reliably protected from the magnetorheological medium. Such an embodiment makes a compact design and a reliable operation possible. The bearing device can be for example a plain bearing or a roller bearing.

[0031] It is preferred that the cylindrical running surface is hardened and / or comprises a higher surface quality than the radially outer surface of the receiving device. Thus, production costs can be reduced.

[0032] In an advantageous embodiment, the outer diameter of the cylindrical running surface is at least 3 mm smaller than the outer diameter of the receiving device of the holder.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment, the first brake component comprises a straight-through portion for the anti-rotation connection to the shaft of the second brake component. In particular, the straight-through portion is implemented centrally on the first brake component. Such an embodiment makes it possible for example to attach a part of an angle sensor, for example a rotary encoder, to the shaft. This part of the angle sensor is then received in a manner that protects the angle sensor from the outside environment. The angle sensor can for example still be arranged within the magnetorheological brake device, for example within the holder. The shaft can also extend into a carrier in which the magnetorheological brake device is fastened. This part of the angle sensor can then be received in a protected manner within the carrier.

[0034] Preferably, the holder is fastened to the carrier. Another part of the angle sensor is preferably fastened to the holder or to the carrier. For example, a magnetic encoder can be fastened to the shaft, and a detector can be fastened to the holder or to the carrier, so that in the case of a rotational movement of the shaft a corresponding rotational signal can be detected. In this case, a relative positioning arrangement or an absolute positioning arrangement can be detected. Preferably, a rotary encoder generates more than 10,000 pulses per revolution (increment), particularly preferably more than 30,000 pulses per revolution (increment).

[0035] Preferably, a user interface, an operating panel, a display, a touch-sensitive display with or without haptic feedback and / or at least one sensor are attached to the axial end opposite the holder. Such embodiments make it possible to display or output information simultaneously with the operation in addition to the operation. For example, this makes it possible to have an operating knob with simultaneous output display.

[0036] In all embodiments, a pressure sensor can be attached to the holder, or such a sensor is assigned to the holder. For example, a pressure sensor can be attached in the holder. However, a piezoelectric sensor can also be attached to the lower part, etc. The holder can also be embodied in two parts, and axial displacement of the two parts relative to one another can be recorded. In this case, haptic feedback can be provided.

[0037] In all embodiments, it is preferred that the difference between the inner diameter of the sleeve part and the outer diameter of the first brake component is greater than 3 mm and less than 50 mm. It is also preferred that the outer diameter of the sleeve part is between 15 mm or 20 mm and 90 mm. The height of the sleeve part is preferably between 10 mm and 60 mm. In all embodiments, it is preferred to include a control device which is embodied to use an electrical coil to provide a variable brake action.

[0038] Overall, the application operates in a particularly preferred manner according to the basic principle of providing a wedge-shaped arrangement, in which a transmission component, in particular a roller body or a rotating body, rolls on the transmission component at a certain distance relative to the wall. A wedge action is provided by means of a magnetic field, so that a high brake torque can be generated. In contrast to previous prior art in which a coil is wound radially around the axis of the brake component to generate a magnetic field in the axial direction of the brake component, according to the application a magnetic field is generated transversely to the first brake component (core). By using this axial coil, improved scalability can be achieved. Thus, a scalable greater brake torque can be generated by a longer roller body and an axially longer electrical coil. In this case, since the surface area (cross-sectional area) of the core increases with the axial lengthening of the core, it is not necessary to select a greater diameter of the first brake component in order to achieve a corresponding magnetic field. If only a relatively small brake torque is required, the axial length can also be reduced, if appropriate. The installation space can be adjusted accordingly.

[0039] Another advantage is that the electrical connection cable for the electrical coil can be led in a simple manner even for large-scale production. Sealing and scaling of the magnetorheological brake device can be achieved by simple means.

[0040] Fundamentally, the magnetorheological brake device is able to generate greater torque on a longer roller body, since the operating length is increased. At the same time, the roller body is ensured to be always exposed to the respective magnetic flux density by the greater core surface. The magnetic field strength can be chosen to be higher when "wedged" on the roller body than in the prior art. A long roller body can be used, which can be guided to a sufficiently strong magnetic field.

[0041] In particular, the magnetic field generated by the electrical coil passes radially through the core, then through the roller body and is closed via the sleeve part or the outer cylinder itself. In this case, the magnetic field lines are connected once in one part, for example in the lower half of the sleeve part, and once in another part, for example in the upper half of the sleeve part. Thus, in a simple implementation, the magnetic flux runs essentially in two dimensions. In this case, it is irrelevant how long or high the implemented roller body is. Thus, since the magnetic field transfer surface area increases accordingly, an arbitrary scaling of the length is possible. In the case of an electrical coil wound concentrically around the longitudinal direction of the first brake part (prior art), the cross-sectional area in the core always remains the same and forms a bottleneck for the magnetic field in this respect as long as the diameter is constant. However, a first brake part of greater diameter also changes the requirements for the installation space, installation size and weight of the magnetorheological brake device. Also, the torque interval and rotational speed of the roller body change, which is not always advantageous. In the case of a linear elongation as in the present invention, this does not change oppositely.

[0042] If a longer roller body is used, the braking action of the long roller can be better than in the case of two short rollers of the same total length. This is due, inter alia., to the fact that the displacement distance of the fluid must be greater due to the greater edge distance (hydrodynamic pressure).

[0043] In a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the sleeve part of the magnetorheological brake device is between approximately 10 mm and 40 mm (+ / - 20%), in a preferred embodiment approximately 25 mm.

[0044] In all embodiments, the electrical coil can be implemented to be longer in the axial direction than the roller body. Thus, a concentration of the magnetic field on the roller body is achieved.

[0045] In general, the present invention provides an advantageous magneto rheological brake device ("MRF brake"). In this case, in particular in the case of haptic applications, the outer diameter of the MRF brake is usually predetermined. In this case, ergonomic guidelines are met. Thus, it is usually not easy to increase the cross section of the core, since the outer diameter also increases (knob outer diameter; surface area for the fingers). Moreover, with increasing outer diameter, greater brake torque is required, since the torque interval thus increases (finger force, in other words, the (tangential) force between the actuating finger(s) and the brake element or the outer surface area of the brake element must or should remain the same, since on the one hand the user can only exert a certain force and the necessary force at the finger (finger tip) is important for the physical comfort of the operating process (operating quality)).

[0046] In the case of the solution according to the invention, the electrical coil extends axially (as opposed to the prior art). The magnetic field generated by the coil passes radially through the core, then through the roller body and closes itself via the outer cylinder (through the two opposite halves, respectively). This remains the same regardless of how high (or long) the roller body or the MRF brake is.

[0047] Advantageously, the length of the MRF brake or haptic knob can be scaled arbitrarily, since the magnetic field transmission surface increases accordingly. In the case of a radial electrical coil, the cross-sectional area of the core always remains the same, as long as the diameter does not change, and a bottleneck for the magnetic field can be formed. If the diameter is changed, many aspects change accordingly (torque interval, rotational speed of the roller, etc.), which is not always advantageous. This does not change in the case of the linear elongation of the MRF brake according to the invention.

[0048] The invention achieves the object of obtaining a MRF brake that is as simple as possible but can still be effectively scaled, which has a high brake torque while having a compact outer diameter.

[0049] The axial electrical coil, which is wound around the core and cast (in the axial direction), generates a magnetic field. As described above, this magnetic field closes itself via the roller body and the sleeve part forming the outer cylinder. The cast electrical coil is advantageous in order to prevent the MR fluid (carrier fluid) from entering the overhead layer between the coil wires (capillary action). Otherwise, separation can occur. Instead of (cylindrical) coil wires, flat copper material or other suitable material can also be used.

[0050] The core, the roller body and the outer cylinder can be made of simple steel (e.g. S235) which has no high requirements on surface quality and hardness, which preferably has good magnetic properties. However, (multiple) roller bodies or ball bodies or other shaped transmission parts can also be used, which are stacked on top of each other. Spacers (guide plates) can be provided between the roller bodies.

[0051] The space (gap) between the core and the outer cylinder does not absolutely need to completely (almost) fill the roller. Spacers made of non-magnetic materials can also be used together with rollers made of magnetic materials between rollers or one or more rollers.

[0052] The core, coil, and filler are preferably centered and secured within a "retainer" (non-shape-locked or shape-locked connection), and the counter-torque is transmitted to the bracket (substrate; receiving plate; housing) via this retainer. The retainer preferably has an opening through which the cable is guided. Preferably, a sealing element (e.g., an O-ring) seals the cable relative to the retainer or internally, preventing fluid from escaping from the inside to the outside via the cable. In addition to the (coil) cable, a temperature sensor cable or other sensor cable can also be guided through this opening. Preferably, the cylindrical surface of the tapered retainer is preferably configured such that the surface has operating surface characteristics (coated or hardened or similarly annealed with high surface hardness and low surface roughness).

[0053] The retainer can also be made of a different material than the core, rollers, or outer cylinder. Reducing the diameter of the retainer on the running surface has the advantages of decreasing the friction radius for the sealing element, which in turn reduces overall friction. Furthermore, the increased mounting height allows for the use of bearing elements, which include an outer diameter equal to the inner diameter of the sleeve portion. This reduces the production cost of the sleeve portion because a notch does not need to be provided during manufacturing. A preferred roller height is between 3 and 6 mm, but 1 or 2 mm is also possible. In this field, it is difficult to obtain good bearings or sealing elements if the inner diameter of the retainer does not provide additional mounting height.

[0054] Decorative or other transmission elements, such as rubber-coated knobs, can be attached to the outer cylinder.

[0055] When viewed from above along the axial direction, the spherical or spherical or similar component (or hemisphere) is preferably positioned between the outer cylinder and the grout. This guides the two parts to each other.

[0056] Preferably, the sphere is fixed in the filler material, and the inner axial end face of the outer cylinder rotates relative to the sphere. Therefore, a simple, low-friction, and cost-effective bearing assembly (bearing position) is provided. Conical bearings, etc., are also feasible. However, any other type of bearing assembly (e.g., a sliding bearing or a roller bearing) can be selected instead of this type.

[0057] There is a space between the lower part of the roller and the sealing. This space is used, inter alia, as a reservoir and also as a temperature compensation space. A temperature compensation element, for example an O-ring filled with air, can also be accommodated in this space. In this region in the sleeve part (or outer cylinder) there can also be provided a closable filling opening or a venting opening.

[0058] It is preferred that at least one component through which a magnetic field flows is at least partially or completely implemented by the material FeSi3P.

[0059] It is preferred that at least one microphone and / or a sound recognition device and / or a voice recognition device are included or assigned. A computer device can also be included. Sound and / or voice commands can be evaluated locally and / or remotely. For example, a computer unit (processor) can be provided locally. The processing can also be carried out in a remote network and only the result (i.e. the command to be executed) can be returned.

[0060] The application also relates to a method for operating an appliance using an (adaptive) brake device having a rotatable brake component for manual rotation. In this case, the brake device is controlled in accordance with the manual rotation of the rotatable brake component and at least also by means of at least one command recognized by sound recognition.

[0061] It is preferred that various voice commands and / or sound signals and / or applause signals can be recognized and distinguished using sound recognition. The number of different and distinguishable commands can be limited, but it is not necessary to limit the number of commands.

[0062] Possibly and preferably, sound is received and processed locally and / or remotely.

[0063] It is preferred that at least one magnetorheological brake device is controlled as described above.

[0064] Voice control inputs can be used to control the process. In all cases, it is possible and preferred to use an adaptive brake device or an adaptive haptic operating device together with the brake device. The adaptability can depend on the operating mode selected by sound or, for example, voice commands. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0065] Further advantages and features of the application are apparent in exemplary embodiments, which are explained below with reference to the drawings.

[0066] In the drawings:

[0067] Figure 1 A simplified schematic three-dimensional view of a magnetorheological brake device according to the application is shown;

[0068] Figure 2 A simplified schematic cross-section through a roller body of a magnetorheological brake device is shown;

[0069] Figure 3 A schematic cross-section through a magnetorheological brake device according to the application is shown;

[0070] Figure 4 A cross-section rotated by 90° of a magnetorheological brake device according to Figure 3 is shown;

[0071] Figure 5 A plan view of a magnetorheological brake device according to Figure 3 and Figure 4 is shown;

[0072] Figure 6 A cross-section B-B in Figure 5 is shown;

[0073] Figure 7 A horizontal cross-section C-C through the magnetorheological brake device at average height is shown;

[0074] Figure 8 A horizontal cross-section D-D similar to Figure 7 is shown, with the magnetic field lines marked;

[0075] Figure 9 A cross-section A-A according to Figure 5 is shown;

[0076] Figure 10 A vertical cross-section through another exemplary embodiment of a magnetorheological brake device according to the application is shown; and

[0077] Figures 11a to 11c A possible torque curve over the angle of rotation of a magnetorheological brake device according to the application is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0078] Figure 1 A schematic perspective view of a magnetorheological brake device 1 is shown, which in this case is embodied as a haptically operated rotary knob 100 and is fastened to or comprises such a carrier 50. The magnetorheological brake device 1 comprises a rotatably received sleeve portion 13. The torque required to adjust the rotating sleeve portion 13 can be adjusted.

[0079] On the upper side of the magnetorheological brake device 1 a user interface 43 is arranged. Such a user interface 43 can for example be embodied as a display device, or also as possible touch-sensitive inputs (touchpad, movement and gesture controls, image recognition, etc.).

[0080] For example, the haptically operable knob 100 can be used to operate a machine, a medical appliance or for use in or in a motor vehicle. The haptically operable knob can also be used on other appliances or other devices.

[0081] Figure 2 A simplified schematic cross-sectional view of a magneto-rheological brake device 1 according to the application is shown, which is used to influence the transmission of forces between two brake components 2 and 3. In this case, Figure 2 Between the two brake components 2 and 3, a roller body or rotating body 11 is provided. In this case, the roller body 11 is embodied as a sphere 14. However, the roller body 11 can also be embodied as a cylinder or an ellipsoid, a roller or another rotatable rotating body. A rotating body which is not truly rotationally symmetrical can also be used as a roller body, for example a rotating body 11 with a specific surface structure or a gear wheel. The roller body 11 is not used for a bearing arrangement relative to one another, but rather for the transmission of torque.

[0082] Between the brake components 2 and 3, a duct 5 is provided, which is filled with a medium 6 in this case. In this case, the medium is a magneto-rheological fluid, which for example comprises oil as a carrier fluid, in which ferromagnetic particles 19 are provided. Ethylene glycol, fat, water and viscous materials can also be used as carrier media, without being limited to any material. The carrier medium can also be gaseous, or the carrier medium can be omitted (vacuum). In this case, the duct can be filled only with particles which can be influenced by a magnetic field.

[0083] The ferromagnetic particles 19 are preferably carbonyl iron powder, wherein the size distribution of the particles depends on the specific application case. In particular, a particle size distribution of between 1 and 10 micrometers is preferred, however, larger particles of 20, 30, 40 and 50 micrometers are also possible therein. Depending on the application case, the particle size can also be significantly larger, even up to the millimeter range (particle spheres). The particles can also comprise a specific coating / sheath (titanium coating, ceramic sheath, carbon sheath, etc.), so that the particles can better withstand the high pressure loads which occur depending on the application case. The magneto-rheological particles can not only be made of carbonyl iron powder (pure iron) for this application case, but for example also of special iron (hard steel).

[0084] The roller body 11 is preferably set in rotation about its axis of rotation 12 by the relative movement 17 of the two brake components 2 and 3 and in fact runs on the surface of the brake component 3. The roller body 11 simultaneously runs on the surface of the other brake component 2, so that a relative speed 18 is provided at this location.

[0085] In fact, the roller body 11 does not directly contact the surface of the brake component 2 and / or 3 and thus does not directly roll on said brake component. The free gap 9 from the roller body 11 to one of the surfaces of the brake component 2 or 3 is for example 140 pm. In one particular embodiment with a particle size of between 1 pm and 10 pm, the free gap is in particular between 75 pm and 300 pm and particularly preferably between 100 pm and 200 pm.

[0086] In particular, the free gap 9 is at least ten times the diameter of the typical average particle size. The free gap 9 is preferably at least ten times the largest typical particle. Due to the lack of direct contact, the level of frictional force / torque is particularly low during the relative movement of the brake components 2 and 3 relative to one another.

[0087] If the magnetorheological brake device 1 is used with the influence of a magnetic field, field lines are formed which depend on the distance between the roller body 11 and the brake components 2, 3. The roller body 11 is embodied by a ferromagnetic material and for example in this case by ST 37 (S2305). The magnetic permeability mrof the steel type ST 37 is approximately 2000. The field lines (magnetic circuit) pass through the roller body and concentrate in the roller body. In this case, the radial entry surface area and exit surface area of the field lines in the duct 5, a high magnetic flux density prevails on the roller body. The inhomogeneous and strong field in the duct leads to a local and strong coupling (magnetic coupling) of the magnetically polarizable particles 19. This effect is greatly enhanced by means of the rotational movement of the wedge-shaped direction formed in the magnetorheological fluid by the roller body 11 and the possible brake torque or coupling torque is increased to an extreme, far beyond the amount that can normally be generated in a magnetorheological fluid. Preferably, the roller body 11 and the brake components 2, 3 are at least partially embodied by a ferromagnetic material, which is why the smaller the distance between the roller body 11 and the brake components 2, 3, the higher the magnetic flux density. Thus, a substantially wedge-shaped area 16 is formed in the medium, in which the gradient of the magnetic field increases sharply towards the acute angle at the area of the contact point or the smallest gap.

[0088] Despite the gap between the roller body 11 and the brake components 2, 3, the roller body 11 can be set in rotational movement by the relative speed of the surfaces relative to one another. This rotational movement is possible both without and with an activated magnetic field 8.

[0089] If the magnetorheological brake device 1 is exposed to a magnetic field 8 of an electric coil 26 not shown in Figure 2 , the individual particles 19 of the magnetorheological fluid 6 are coupled along the field lines of the magnetic field 8. It should be noted that in Figure 2The vectors of the field lines are only approximately indicated and represent the area of the field lines which are relevant for influencing the MRF. The field lines enter into the duct 5 substantially perpendicularly to the surface of the ferromagnetic component and must not, in particular, extend in a straight line within the acute angle range 10.

[0090] At the same time, some material is set in rotation around the circumference of the roller body 11 by the magnetorheological fluid, so that an acute angle region 10 is formed between the brake component 3 and the roller body 11. On the other side, the same acute angle region 10 is formed between the roller body 11 and the brake component 2. In the case of a roller body 11 embodied as a cylinder, the acute angle region 10 can comprise, for example, a wedge-shaped form 16. Due to the wedge-shaped form 16, further rotation of the roller body 11 is prevented, so that the effect of the magnetic field on the magnetorheological fluid is enhanced, since the medium 6 is held together more intensively in the acute angle region 10 by means of the magnetic field acting within said acute angle region. The effect of the magnetorheological fluid is thus enhanced in the agglomerated clusters (cohesion in the fluid and thus agglomeration or stickiness), which impedes further rotation or movement of the rotating body 11.

[0091] By means of the wedge-shaped form 16, significantly greater forces or torques can be transmitted than would be possible with a comparable configuration using only a shearing motion without a wedge effect.

[0092] The forces which can be transmitted directly by means of the applied magnetic field represent only a small fraction of the forces which can be transmitted by means of the device. The formation of the wedge can be controlled by means of the magnetic field, so that the mechanical force enhancement can be controlled. The mechanical enhancement of the magnetorheological effect can be so great that, if the particles have been wedged in, forces can also be transmitted after the applied magnetic field has been switched off.

[0093] It has been shown that, by means of the wedge effect of the acute angle region 10, a significantly greater effect of the magnetic field 8 having a specific intensity can be achieved. In this case, the effect can be enhanced several times over. In one particular case, in the case of an MRF coupling according to the shearing principle, in which a magnetorheological fluid is arranged between two surface regions which move relative to one another and said magnetorheological fluid is exposed to a shear force of the surface regions moving relative to one another, an intensity of the influence of the relative speed of the two brake components 2 and 3 relative to one another is observed which is around ten times greater than in the prior art. The possible enhancement achieved by means of the wedge effect in this case depends on different factors. In appropriate cases, said enhancement can be further enhanced by means of a greater surface roughness of the roller body 11. It is also possible to provide outwardly projecting protrusions on the outer surface of the roller body 11, and said protrusions can lead to a stronger formation of the wedge.

[0094] The wedge effect is distributed in a planar manner over the roller body 11 and the components 2 or 3.

[0095] Figure 3A vertical section of a magnetorheological brake device 1 is shown, which comprises two brake components 2 and 3. In this case, the first brake component 2 is arranged inside the second brake component 3 and is held in a form-locked and / or non-form-locked manner by means of a holder 4. The holder 4 can be fastened on an outer carrier, for example. The holder 4 is fastened uniformly in a rotationally fixed manner. The second brake component 3 is received on the first brake component 2 and can be rotated relative to said first brake component.

[0096] The second brake component 3 is embodied in the form of a star and comprises a sleeve portion 13 and a cover which closes the top of the sleeve portion 13. Thus, in this case, the second brake component 3 is accessible only from the lower end through which the first brake component 2 is guided using the holder 4. In the region of the lower end of the first brake component 2, a cylindrical running surface 37 is embodied on the holder 4. In said region, a hardened surface or a surface having a corresponding quality is provided. A bearing device 30 of a rotatable bearing device for the second brake component 3 is attached to the cylindrical running surface 37. A seal 38 is further provided inwardly adjacent to the bearing device 30 in the axial direction 20. The seal 38 reliably seals the interior. Since only one seal 38 is provided on the exterior, a low basic torque is required in order to rotate the second brake component 3 in the event of a magnetic field being switched off.

[0097] The first brake component 2 comprises a cylindrical base body 33 which comprises axial grooves 31 and transverse grooves 32 (see Figure 7 and Figure 4 ) into which windings of an electric coil 26 are wound, such that the individual windings of the electric coil 26 do not protrude outwardly from the cylindrical base body 33. In this case, in the exemplary embodiment, the axial grooves 31 and the transverse grooves 32 are subsequently backfilled by a potting compound, thereby providing a cylinder of the first brake component 2 as a whole.

[0098] A ball 22 (or a half-ball) is arranged or partially molded in the center of the upper end of the first brake component 2 in order to provide a second bearing device in a simple manner between the first brake component 2 and the second brake component 3.

[0099] A gap 5 is radially implemented between the outer wall of the first brake component 2 and the inner wall of the sleeve portion 13, which in this case is essentially implemented as a hollow cylindrical gap. A plurality of transmission components 11 is arranged in the gap, which in this case are implemented as roller bodies. In this case, the roller bodies 11 are implemented as cylindrical roller bodies and have an outer diameter which is slightly smaller than the gap width of the gap 5. Furthermore, in this case the gap 5 is filled with a magnetorheological medium. An O-ring or the like, which provides a volume compensation in the case of temperature fluctuations, can be arranged in the lower region of the gap. Furthermore, a reservoir is formed in the lower region of the gap as a result, for the case of an escape of the magnetorheological fluid or medium from the inside to the outside during operation.

[0100] The (usable) gap length 5b of the gap 5 is here greater than the length 1 lb of the roller bodies 11. In this case, the electrical coil is also implemented longer in the axial direction 20 than the length 1 lb of the roller bodies 11.

[0101] A core 21 is visible in the interior of the electrical coil 26. The holder 4 comprises radially enlarged receiving means 36 for receiving the first brake component 2 in a rotationally fixed manner. Through the holder 4, a cable lead-through extends downwards through the holder 4. At this location the cable 45 is guided to be connected to the electrical coil 26 and, if appropriate, to the sensor line. In order to provide the required control, a control device 27 can be provided in the base of the holder 4 or in another suitable location.

[0102] Figure 4 A cross section through the magnetorheological brake device 1 according to Figure 3 is shown, which is offset by 90°, wherein the transverse slot 32 in which the electrical coil 26 is wound is visible in this case. Both ends in the axial direction are provided with potting 28. In the region of the cable lead-through 35 a separate seal is provided, for example by means of a marked O-ring or the like.

[0103] It is also possible that the individual roller bodies which are arranged distributed over the circumference of the roller bodies are implemented as non-magnetic transmission components 11c. However, it is also possible for all of the roller bodies to be implemented from a magnetic material. If the individual roller bodies are implemented from a non-magnetic material, this results in a concentration of the magnetic field on the magnetic roller bodies, whereby a more powerful brake torque can be produced.

[0104] The length or height 13c of the sleeve portion 13 or the second brake component 3 in the axial direction 20 is preferably between 10 mm and 60 mm. A cover 49 can be attached externally to the second brake component 3, so that the appearance of the knob 23 is essentially determined by the surface of the cover 49.

[0105] The material of the sleeve portion 13 is magnetically permeable and serves to close the magnetic circuit. The wall thickness 13d of the sleeve portion 13 is preferably at least half the diameter 11a of the roller body 11.

[0106] The diameter 36a of the receiving means 36 is preferably significantly larger than the diameter 37a of the cylindrical running surface 37. Thus, the friction on the seal 38 is reduced. Furthermore, a standard bearing can be used.

[0107] The core 21 can also be embodied in two parts. This division preferably extends along Figure 4 the center line marked in the middle, as a result of which a left-hand half and a right-hand (core) half are provided. The two core halves can be spaced apart from one another by means of a non-magnetic element, for example a seal. It is preferred that the volume of potting compound 28 is part of the core halves (both halves), as a result of which, on the division surface of the electrical coil, a semicircular element with a circumferential groove is provided. It is further preferred that the receiving means 36 are also divided into two halves. One receiving half can also be formed as one part (can be embodied as a single part) together with the core halves, or the core halves can be embodied as a single part together with the complete receiving unit 36.

[0108] Figure 5 A plan view of the magnetorheological brake device 1 is shown, in which the roller body 11 is visible. The cylindrical base body with the electrical coil 26 is visible in the central region.

[0109] Figure 6 A cross section B-B according to Figure 5 is shown. The roller body 11 is arranged in the gap 5, which in this case comprises a (relatively short) length 11b, which is much shorter than the gap length 5b. As is shown in the lower part of Figure 6 , a plurality of roller bodies can be arranged one after the other in the axial direction, and some of the roller bodies are also non-magnetic, as is shown by the roller body 11c marked in dashed lines. The core 21 is visible in the central region, which is surrounded by the coil 26.

[0110] Figure 7 A horizontal cross section at the average height of the magnetorheological brake device 1 is shown, in which the axial slot 31 in which the winding of the electrical coil 26 is wound is visible. The slot is filled with the potting compound 28 in order to seal and close the slot, thus providing a cylindrical embodiment of the first brake component 2 overall.

[0111] In addition to the removal of hatching lines for the purpose of improving clarity and for the purpose of marking the magnetic field lines of the magnetic field 8, Figure 8 a plan view of the magnetorheological brake device 1 according to Figure 7The same illustration. The magnetic field extends transversely to the longitudinal direction through the core 21, in this case approximately horizontally through the roller bodies 11 at both ends of the core 21, and then into the sleeve portion 13. As Figure 8 The magnetic field lines close on themselves, as shown in

[0112] Figure 9 A cross-section A-A is shown in Figure 5 in which the core 21 with the coil 26 is visible in the central region. Figure 9 A variant is shown in dashed lines, in which the first brake component 2 is surrounded by a sleeve body 34. The sleeve body 34 comprises a radial thickness 34a which is significantly smaller than the gap width 5a or smaller than the diameter 11a of the roller bodies 11. The sleeve body 34 is embodied from a magnetically conductive material. As a result of the application of the magnetic field, in particular small, a part of the magnetic field is directly short-circuited. Since the wall thickness of the sleeve body 34 is chosen to be particularly thin and is not shown to scale in this case, this (small) magnetic short-circuit does not have a negative effect. On the contrary, it is advantageous that a metal surface can thus be provided over the entire periphery of the first brake component 2, whereby any wear which can occur in the region of the potting can be avoided. In appropriate cases, the use of a sleeve body 34 of this type can also make it possible to omit the entire filling process of the potting 28, which also reduces the outlay in the production process. A cover is then placed on the axial end of the coil in order to seal the interior, in order to prevent the MRF from penetrating.

[0113] Finally, Figure 10 A further exemplary embodiment of the magnetorheological brake device 1 is shown, in this case likewise embodied as a haptically operated rotary knob 100. According to Figure 10 the magnetorheological brake device 1 functions substantially in the same way as the magnetorheological brake device in the above-described exemplary embodiment. One difference with respect to the above-described exemplary embodiment is that a central passage 39 is provided via which the support element 47 is fed, at least the element 47 comprising at least one power supply line. At least one sealing ring 46 can be provided for sealing purposes. The support element 47 can be anchored on, for example, a carrier or the like and supports a user interface 43, on which, for example, a (touch-sensitive) display or input elements are provided.

[0114] Another difference is that a shaft 40 is provided, which in this case is embodied as hollow. The shaft 40 is connected to the second brake component 3 in a rotationally fixed manner, so that in the event of a rotation of the second brake component 3, the shaft 40, which is embodied as hollow, also rotates. A portion 41 of the angle sensor, which is connected to the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, also rotates with the rotation of the shaft 40. The portion 41 can be embodied, for example, as a magnetic encoder or the like. The portion 41 cooperates with a portion 42 of the angle sensor, which can be embodied, for example, as a detector. Thus, in the event of a rotation of the second brake component 3, a signal is detected by means of the sensor 41, 42. In this case, a relative or absolute angle signal can be detected. One significant advantage of this embodiment with the shaft 40 is that the angle sensor is received in a protected manner within the holder. Thus, contamination cannot reach the sensor from the outside, so that a reliable operation can be ensured. If appropriate, the portions 41 and 42 can also be arranged inside the holder 4.

[0115] In the event of only one angle sensor 41, 42 being provided, the shaft 40 does not have to be embodied as hollow and a feedthrough for a support element 47 for a display / input element is not required. The shaft 40 can also be embodied as solid. Then, the display has to be fastened and supplied with power in another way or the display has to be omitted.

[0116] The user interface 43 can also be used as a pressure element or tension element, which transmits a movement to an encoder / switch located below, possibly below the holder 50, by means of the support element 47.

[0117] It is also possible to move the entire brake unit in the axial direction and in the radial direction (push / pull) relative to the holder 50 and to move the entire brake unit in the radial direction or in the axial direction with or without the holder.

[0118] Conversely, it is also possible to provide a straight-through portion without a hollow shaft. For example, if the protected attachment of the angle sensor is omitted or the angle position is detected in another way.

[0119] Figure 11a 、 Figure 11b and Figure 11c Possible embodiments for controlling a dynamically generated magnetic field or a dynamically generated brake torque depending on the angle of rotation are shown in Figures 1 to 3.

[0120] Figure 11aIn this case a variant is shown in which the knob serves as a haptic operating aid. A rotational resistance over the angle of rotation is shown. The left end stop 228 and the right end stop 229 can be produced using the controller 27. When the knob 23 is rotated further, a high magnetic field or a stop torque 238 is produced on the knob, as a result of which a high resistance is set for the rotational movement of the knob 23. The user obtains a haptic feedback of the end stop.

[0121] In this case, a magnetic selection of the rotational movement can be provided or produced. For example, it can be used to navigate through a graphical menu and select a menu point. In this case, a first magnetic selection point 226 is arranged directly adjacent to the left end stop 228, which corresponds to, for example, a first menu point during operation. If the next menu point is to be selected, the knob 100 is rotated clockwise. For this purpose, the dynamically produced higher magnetic field or selection torque 239 or its frictional torque has to be overcome before the next magnetic selection point 226 is reached. In this case, the magnetic selection point 226 is arranged directly adjacent to the right end stop 229, which corresponds to, for example, a second menu point during operation. If the next menu point is to be selected, the knob 100 is rotated counterclockwise. For this purpose, the dynamically produced higher magnetic field or selection torque 239 or its frictional torque has to be overcome before the next magnetic selection point 226 is reached. Figure 11a In the embodiment according to Fig. 2, for a certain angular range, a respective constant magnetic field is produced at the magnetic selection points 226 and in the region between them, the magnetic field at the magnetic selection points being significantly smaller than the magnetic field in the region between the magnetic selection points and also significantly smaller than the magnetic field at the stops 228, 229.

[0122] The angular distance 237 between the individual magnetic selection points can be dynamically changed and adapted to the number of available magnetic selection points or menu points.

[0123] Figure 11b A variant is shown in which, at the end stops 228, 229, the magnetic field does not increase abruptly, but rather exhibits a steep curve. Furthermore, a respective ramp-shaped increase in the magnetic field is provided at the magnetic selection points 226 on both rotational sides, as a result of which the rotational resistance increases in the respective rotational direction. In this case, the same operating device 100 is used, only three magnetic selection points 226 are provided, and their angular distance 237 is greater than the angular distance in the embodiment according to Figure 11a Fig. 1.

[0124] Figure 11c A variant is shown in which a lower rotational resistance is provided between the individual magnetic selection points 226, and only an increased magnetic field 239 is produced at the positions directly adjacent to the magnetic selection points 226, respectively, in order to make it possible to nest into the individual magnetic selection points 226 and at the same time to provide only a small rotational resistance between the individual magnetic selection points.

[0125] Fundamentally, Figure 11a , Figure 11b , Figure 11cA mixture of the operating modes and the magnetic field curves is also possible. For example, in the case of different submenus, corresponding different settings of the magnetic field curves can be provided.

[0126] In all cases, for example in the case of ripple (selection), it can be that instead of switching previously between large current intensity with the same polarity and small current intensity (in other words, for example +0.2 to +0.8 A = ripple), alternating switching with varying polarity, in other words from +0.2 to +0.8 A, then the next ripple from -0.2 A to -0.8 A, then the next torque peak from +0.2 to +0.8, etc.

[0127] In all cases, the operating modes of Figure 11a , Figure 11b and Figure 11c or a mixture of these operating modes can also be selected by means of voice commands. The user selects the function (volume, transmitter selection, etc.) by voice input (using local or remote voice recognition, for example via Alexa, Amazon Echo, Siri, Google voice input, etc.). The magnetorheological brake device then provides the corresponding operating mode (volume = selection with increased brake torque to increase the volume; radio transmitter selection = selection with various increments and with low brake torque in between until the transmitter is found).

[0128] The preferred low-alloy steel can contain a residual magnetic field. Preferably, the steel is demagnetized periodically or as required, in particular by means of a specific alternating field.

[0129] Preferably, the material FeSi3P (silicon steel) or a related material is used for the component through which the magnetic field flows.

[0130] In all cases, a voice control process or a sound control process can be carried out. The voice control can be used to adaptively control the brake device.

[0131] If the rotary unit is not rotating (in other words, the angle is constant), the current is preferably continuously reduced over time. The current can also be changed depending on the speed (rotational speed of the rotary unit).

[0132] List of reference signs:

[0133] 1 magnetorheological brake device

[0134] 2 brake component

[0135] 2a outer diameter

[0136] 3 brake component

[0137] 4 holder

[0138] 5 gap, duct

[0139] 5a gap width

[0140] 5b gap length, gap, height

[0141] 6 medium

[0142] 8 field

[0143] 9 free gap

[0144] 10 acute angle region

[0145] 11 transmission member, roller body, rotating body

[0146] 11a diameter of 11

[0147] 11b length of 11

[0148] 11c non-magnetic transmission member

[0149] 12 rotating shaft

[0150] 13 sleeve portion

[0151] 13a inner diameter

[0152] 13b outer diameter

[0153] 13c height

[0154] 13d wall thickness

[0155] 14 sphere

[0156] 15 cylinder

[0157] 16 wedge shape

[0158] 17 direction of relative movement

[0159] 18 direction of relative movement

[0160] 19 magnetic particle

[0161] 20 axial direction

[0162] 21 core

[0163] 22 sphere for bearing arrangement of 3

[0164] 23 knob

[0165] 24 outer ring

[0166] 26 coil

[0167] 27 control device

[0168] 28 potting compound

[0169] 30 bearing arrangement

[0170] 31 axial slot

[0171] 32 transverse slot

[0172] 33 cylindrical base body

[0173] 34 sleeve body

[0174] 34a radial thickness of 34

[0175] 35 cable passage

[0176] 36 receiving device

[0177] 36a outer diameter

[0178] 37 cylindrical running surface

[0179] 37a outer diameter

[0180] 38 seal

[0181] 39 passage

[0182] 40 shaft

[0183] 41 part of an angle sensor

[0184] 42 part of an angle sensor

[0185] 43 user interface

[0186] 45 cable

[0187] 46 sealing ring

[0188] 47 support element and power supply line

[0189] 48 sliding guide

[0190] 49 cover

[0191] 50 holder

[0192] 100 tactile operating knob

[0193] 226 magnetically selective point

[0194] 228 end stop

[0195] 229 end stop

[0196] 237 angular distance

[0197] 238 stop torque

[0198] 239 selected torque

[0199] 240 base torque

Claims

1. A magnetorheological braking device (1), the magnetorheological braking device (1) comprising: Fixed retainer (4); At least two braking components (2, 3) are provided, comprising: a first braking component (2) which is connected to the retainer (4) in an anti-rotational manner and extends in an axial direction (20); and a second braking component (3) which has a hollow sleeve portion (13) which is rotatably mounted about the first braking component (2). The gap (5) formed between the first braking component (2) and the second braking component (3); The magnetorheological medium at least partially fills the gap (5). The first braking component (2) has: a core (21) extending in the axial direction (20), the core (21) being formed of a magnetically conductive material; and only one electric coil (26) wound axially (20) around the core (21), wherein the magnetic field (8) of the electric coil (26) extends laterally through the first braking component (2).

2. The magnetorheological braking device (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The sleeve portion (13) is a knob (23).

3. The magnetorheological braking device (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The sleeve portion (13) is formed of a magnetically conductive material and defines an outer ring (24) for the magnetic field.

4. The magnetorheological braking device (1) according to claim 3, wherein, The radial wall thickness (13a) of the sleeve portion (13) is at least half of the gap width (5a) of the gap (5).

5. The magnetorheological braking device (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The first braking component (2) is substantially cylindrical and includes the electric coil (26) and a cylindrical base (33) forming the core (21).

6. The magnetorheological braking device (1) according to claim 5, wherein, The coil (26) is wound in a groove (31) formed in the cylindrical base (33), the groove (31) being an axial groove and / or a transverse groove.

7. The magnetorheological braking device (1) according to claim 6, wherein, The trough (31) is at least partially filled with injection material (28).

8. The magnetorheological braking device (1) according to claim 5, wherein the magnetorheological braking device (1) further comprises a sleeve (34) surrounding the cylindrical base (33) and fixedly connected to the cylindrical base (33), and wherein, The radial thickness (34a) of the sleeve body (34) is less than half the radial gap width (5a) of the gap (5).

9. The magnetorheological braking device (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The retainer (4) has a cable pass-through (35).

10. The magnetorheological braking device (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The retainer (4) includes a receiving device (36) for anti-rotational connection to the first braking component (2), and wherein the retainer (4) includes a cylindrical running surface (37) for a bearing assembly (30), and the sleeve portion (13) is rotatably supported on the retainer (4).

11. The magnetorheological braking device (1) according to claim 10, the magnetorheological braking device (1) further includes a seal (38) arranged on the cylindrical running surface (37) to seal the gap (5), the seal (38) being arranged closer to the gap (5) than the bearing assembly (30).

12. The magnetorheological braking device (1) according to claim 10, wherein, The cylindrical operating surface (37) is hardened and / or has a higher surface quality than the radial outer surface of the receiving device.

13. The magnetorheological braking device (1) according to claim 10, wherein, The cylindrical running surface (37) has an outer diameter (37a) that is at least 3 mm smaller than the outer diameter (36a) of the receiving device (36) of the retainer.

14. The magnetorheological braking device (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The first braking component (2) has a through portion (39) for a shaft (40), which is connected to the second braking component (3) in an anti-rotation manner.

15. The magnetorheological braking device (1) according to claim 14, the magnetorheological braking device (1) further includes an angle sensor having a first portion (41) attached to the shaft (40).

16. The magnetorheological braking device (1) according to claim 1, wherein, The retainer (4) is fastened to the bracket (50).

17. The magnetorheological braking device (1) according to claim 16, the magnetorheological braking device (1) further includes an angle sensor having: a first portion (41) mounted to a shaft (40) which is rotatably connected to the second braking component (3); and a second portion (42) mounted to the retainer (4) or the bracket (50).

18. The magnetorheological braking device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the magnetorheological braking device (1) further comprises a device selected from a user interface (43), an operation panel, a display, a touch-sensitive display with or without tactile feedback and at least one sensor and attached to an axial end opposite the retainer.

19. The magnetorheological braking device (1) according to claim 1, wherein, At least one component through which the magnetic field flows is at least partially implemented by FeSi3P.

20. The magnetorheological braking device (1) according to claim 1, wherein the magnetorheological braking device (1) further comprises at least one device selected from the group consisting of a microphone, a voice recognition device and a speech recognition device.

21. A method of operating an apparatus, the method comprising: An adaptive braking device is provided, which has a rotatable braking component for manual rotation; as well as The method of controlling the braking device by means of a command identified by voice recognition based on the manual rotation of the rotatable braking component includes providing the adaptive braking device with at least one magnetorheological braking device (1) according to claim 1.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein, The voice recognition includes identifying at least one of voice commands, sound signals, or applause signals.

23. The method of claim 21, wherein the method includes receiving and processing sound for the sound recognition in a local and / or remote manner.

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