Anchoring device and operating arm

Abstract

The application discloses an anchor rod mounting device and an operating arm. The anchor rod comprises a rod body with external threads and a fastening nut sleeved on the rod body. The anchor rod mounting device comprises a tensioning element, a first power mechanism, a second power mechanism, a locking element and a third power mechanism. The tensioning element has a connecting part with internal threads for connecting the rod body. The first power mechanism is used for driving the tensioning element to rotate to connect the rod body. The second power mechanism is used for driving the tensioning element to move axially to apply a pre-stress to the anchor rod. The locking element is a hollow tubular structure, coaxially sleeved outside the tensioning element and having an engaging part for sleeving the fastening nut. The third power mechanism is used for driving the locking element to rotate to lock the fastening nut. The rotation of the tensioning element, the axial movement of the tensioning element and the rotation of the locking element are independent of each other, so that the operation mode is enriched and flexible.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of rock and soil engineering anchor support technology, specifically an anchor installation device and operating arm. Background Technology

[0002] Rock bolt support is currently the main form of tunnel support. The rock bolts used in this technique generate prestress (also known as anchoring force) during installation. Appropriate prestress can increase the confining pressure of the surrounding rock mass, which is beneficial for maintaining the stability of the tunnel rock mass. Generally, after the rock bolts are installed, the prestress of the bolts needs to be tested using a rock bolt pull-out tester to observe whether it meets the design requirements.

[0003] Existing prestressed anchor bolts are commonly classified into mechanical prestressed anchor bolts (mechanical expansion shell anchor bolts or inverted wedge anchor bolts), resin prestressed anchor bolts, and cement-based prestressed anchor bolts, depending on the anchoring method or anchoring material. The installation process of these prestressed anchor bolts involves at least the following operations: inserting the anchor bolt, fixing the anchor bolt head, tensioning the bolt body, and tightening the fastening nut. The entire installation process requires at least three to four types of equipment. For example, fixing the anchor bolt head requires a drilling rig to screw the bolt body in and rotate it; tensioning the bolt body requires jacks to axially pull the bolt body to generate prestress; and tightening the fastening nut requires a wrench or other equipment to rotate and lock it. Finally, an insertion / extraction gauge is needed for verification. If the design requirements are not met, jacks must be installed again for tensioning, which wastes time due to multiple equipment installations. Furthermore, the dimly lit tunnel environment is unfavorable for equipment installation, reducing work efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a device that can replace the above-mentioned multiple pieces of equipment to complete the installation of prestressed anchor bolts, thereby improving work efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides an anchor bolt installation device that can effectively improve work efficiency.

[0005] The anchor bolt installation device provided in this application includes an anchor bolt comprising a threaded rod body and a fastening nut fitted onto the rod body. The anchor bolt installation device includes:

[0006] The tensioning element has a threaded connection portion for connecting the rod body;

[0007] A first power mechanism is used to drive the tensioning element to rotate in order to connect the rod body;

[0008] The second power mechanism is used to drive the tensioning element to move axially and apply prestress to the anchor rod;

[0009] The locking element is a hollow tubular structure that is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the tensioning element and has a joint for engaging the fastening nut.

[0010] The third power mechanism is used to drive the locking element to rotate in order to lock the fastening nut.

[0011] Several alternative methods are provided below, but they are not intended as additional limitations on the overall solution above. They are merely further additions or optimizations. Provided there are no technical or logical contradictions, each alternative method can be combined individually with respect to the overall solution above, or multiple alternative methods can be combined with each other.

[0012] Optionally, the first power mechanism includes a first hydraulic motor and a first bevel gear set connected between the first hydraulic motor and the tensioning element;

[0013] The third power mechanism includes a second hydraulic motor and a second bevel gear set connected between the second hydraulic motor and the locking element.

[0014] Optionally, the first hydraulic motor and the second hydraulic motor are arranged in a staggered manner in the circumferential direction.

[0015] Preferably, the first hydraulic motor and the second hydraulic motor are arranged at 90 degrees in the circumferential direction.

[0016] Optionally, a housing is included that fits over the locking element, the housing having a cavity for accommodating the first and second bevel gear sets, the first and second hydraulic motors being mounted on the housing, and their output shafts extending into the cavity to engage with the corresponding bevel gear sets.

[0017] Optionally, the housing has a first end and a second end in the length direction, the first end having a flared opening through which the rod passes, and the second power mechanism being fixedly mounted on the second end.

[0018] Optionally, the housing includes a separate first part and a second part, wherein the first part is clearance-fitted with the locking element, and the second part has the cavity.

[0019] Optionally, the first portion has a first drain hole, and the corresponding locking element has a second drain hole.

[0020] Optionally, the locking element is a two-section structure with a threaded connection.

[0021] This application also provides an operating arm for an anchor bolt trolley, including a push beam, on which a sliding seat is slidably mounted, and on which an installation device for any of the above-described anchor bolts is mounted.

[0022] The anchor bolt installation device of this application has three independent power mechanisms for the rotation locking action of the locking element, the rotation engagement of the tensioning element, and the axial movement pre-tightening operation. Each mechanism can be equipped with three operation buttons, and the operation logic is clear, allowing operators to change the operation sequence in special circumstances to compensate for errors in the installation process. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 A structural view of an existing mechanical expansion anchor bolt;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a structural view of the head fixing of a mechanical expansion shell anchor bolt according to an embodiment of this application;

[0025] Figure 3 This is a structural view of the pre-tightening of a mechanical expansion shell anchor bolt according to an embodiment of this application;

[0026] Figure 4 This is a structural view of the locked state of a mechanical expansion shell anchor bolt according to an embodiment of this application;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a perspective view of an anchor bolt installation device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a front view of an anchor bolt installation device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Sectional view of section AA;

[0030] Figure 8 for Figure 6 Sectional view of the middle BB section;

[0031] Figure 9 for Figure 6 Sectional view of the CC section;

[0032] Figure 10 This is an exploded view of the tensioning element and locking element in an anchor bolt installation device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 11 This is an exploded view of the locking element and the second bushing in the anchor bolt installation device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 12 This is an exploded view of the tensioning element and the first bushing in an anchor bolt installation device according to an embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 13 This is a cross-sectional view of the axial movement of the tensioning element in an anchor bolt installation device according to an embodiment of this application.

[0036] The annotations in the figure are explained as follows:

[0037] 100. Tensioning element; 110. Connecting part; 120. First bushing;

[0038] 200, Locking element; 210, Joint; 220, Second drain hole; 230, Second bushing;

[0039] 310. First power mechanism; 311. First hydraulic motor; 312. First bevel gear set;

[0040] 320. Second power mechanism; 321. Piston;

[0041] 330. Third power mechanism; 331. Second hydraulic motor; 332. Second bevel gear set;

[0042] 400, housing; 401, first end; 402, second end; 403, flared mouth; 410, first part; 411, first drain hole; 420, second part; 430, cavity;

[0043] 9. Anchor bolt; 91. Bolt body; 92. Anchor head; 93. Fastening nut; 94. Tray;

[0044] 921. Shell-expanding clip. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0046] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "connected" to another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or it can be connected to a component in between. When a component is said to be "set on" another component, it can be directly set on the other component or it may be set to a component in between.

[0047] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of the application. The term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0048] In this application, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number or order of the indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this application, "multiple" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0049] Existing anchor bolts consist of a rod body with external threads and a fastening nut threaded onto the rod body. The fastening nut is used to lock against the rock wall. To improve the contact area and connection stability, a plate (or washer) is now fitted onto the rod body. The fastening nut rests against the plate, and the plate rests against the rock wall to complete the locking operation.

[0050] Different types of anchor bolts have slight differences in some structures or installation methods. For example, resin prestressed anchor bolts have a resin agent package inserted into the anchor hole. After the anchor bolt is inserted into the anchor hole, the bolt body rotates at high speed and extends into the agent package. After the agent package ruptures, the internal agents mix and react, quickly solidifying to fix the head. Then, the bolt body is tensioned, locked, and checked. Cement-coated prestressed anchor bolts use a fast-hardening cement cartridge as an anchoring agent, inserted into the anchor hole. The head is fixed by the bond between the hardened cement and the rock mass. Then, the bolt body is tensioned, locked, and checked.

[0051] Mechanically prestressed anchors are broadly classified into mechanical expansion shell anchors and inverted wedge anchors. Inverted wedge anchors are inserted directly or by rotation into the anchor hole, and during the tensioning process, the barbs on the anchor can embed into the rock mass to generate prestress, followed by locking and verification operations.

[0052] For ease of explanation, this application primarily uses mechanically expanding shell anchor bolts as an example. Unless otherwise specified, all anchor bolts mentioned below refer to mechanically expanding shell anchor bolts. Figure 1 As shown, the anchor bolt 9 installed by the anchor bolt installation device of this application includes a rod body 91 with external threads, an anchor head 92 disposed at the head of the rod body, and a fastening nut 93 sleeved on the tail of the rod body. The head refers to the side inside the rock mass, and the tail refers to the side exposed outside the rock mass. An expansion joint 921 is movably installed on the anchor head 92. The anchor head 92 is threadedly connected to the rod body 91, and the fastening nut 93 is threadedly connected to the rod body 91. A tray 94 is disposed between the fastening nut 93 and the anchor head 92, and the tray 94 is used to abut against the rock wall.

[0053] like Figures 1-4The installation process of the mechanical expansion shell anchor is as follows: the installation hole is opened in the rock mass, the anchor is sent into the installation hole, the anchor head 92 will abut against the rock wall to generate initial prestress, or the rod body 91 is rotated to cause the expansion shell wedge 921 to expand radially outward to further increase the prestress. Then the rod body 91 is pulled away from the anchor head axially. This process continues to increase the prestress. After the prestress reaches the design requirements, the fastening nut 93 is rotated to lock it.

[0054] The anchor bolt installation device is slidably mounted on a track or the operating arm of an anchor bolt trolley. It can dock with the anchor bolt and move along the axial direction of the bolt to send the anchor bolt into the anchor hole or retract and separate from the anchor bolt.

[0055] Please see Figures 1-9 and Figure 13 The anchor bolt installation device includes a tensioning element 100, a locking element 200, a first power mechanism 310, a second power mechanism 320, and a third power mechanism 330. The tensioning element 100 has a connecting part 110 for connection, the connecting part 110 having an internal thread adapted to the rod body 91. The first power mechanism 310 is used to drive the tensioning element 100 to rotate about, so that the connecting part 110 is engaged with the rod body 91. The second power mechanism 320 works to drive the tensioning element 100 to move axially, so that the expansion shell clamp 921 expands radially outward, applying prestress to the anchor bolt.

[0056] The locking element 200 is a hollow tubular structure, coaxially sleeved on the outside of the tensioning element 100, with a clearance fit between the two. The locking element 200 has a joint portion 210 that fits onto the fastening nut 93. The third power mechanism is used to drive the locking element 200 to rotate and lock the fastening nut 93 until it is pressed against the rock wall. It should be noted that the installation device of this application has a distal end and a proximal end. The distal end is the end that connects to the anchor rod, and the connecting portion 110 and the joint portion 210 are both located at the distal end, which is the corresponding proximal end.

[0057] The installation scheme 1 for the anchor bolts is as follows:

[0058] S1: The anchor bolt can be inserted into the mounting hole by other equipment, or it can be combined with the mounting device on the operating arm. The combination method is as follows: the first power mechanism 310 is activated, and the connecting part 110 engages with the rod body 91. It should be noted that the distance between the fastening nut 93 and the proximal end of the rod body 91 is D1, and the distance between the proximal end of the connecting part and the distal end of the joint is D2, satisfying D1 < D2, so that when the rod body 91 extends to the bottom of the connecting part 110, the fastening nut 93 and the joint 210 are fully fitted. The cross-sectional shape of the joint 210 is a polygon that mates with the outer periphery of the fastening nut 93.

[0059] S2: The advancing beam moves to send the anchor rod into the installation hole, at which point the first pre-tightening is completed;

[0060] S3: Continue to start the first power mechanism 310, so that the expansion shell clamps expand radially outward, increase the prestress, and are regarded as secondary pre-tightening;

[0061] S4: Activate the second power mechanism 320 and perform three pre-tightening operations;

[0062] S5: Activate the third power mechanism 330 and tighten the fastening nut.

[0063] Option 2: Based on Option 1, after step S5, repeat steps S4 and S5 to gradually increase the prestress until the design requirements are met. This option is more stable than Option 1, but the operation is slightly more complicated.

[0064] Option 3: Omit step S3 and proceed with steps S1, S2, S4 and S5, or repeat steps S4 and S5.

[0065] The specific solution adopted depends on the actual rock mass conditions. Therefore, since the rotation and axial movement of the tensioning element 100 and the rotation of the locking element 200 are independent of each other, the operation methods are enriched, flexible, and individually controlled, making it convenient for operators.

[0066] In one embodiment, the tensioning element 100 has a hollow structure, which allows for grouting.

[0067] Combination Figures 8-12 In one embodiment, the first power mechanism 310 includes a first hydraulic motor 311 and a first bevel gear set 312 connected between the first hydraulic motor 311 and the tensioning element 100; the third power mechanism 330 includes a second hydraulic motor 331 and a second bevel gear set 332 connected between the second hydraulic motor 331 and the locking element 200. The bevel gear transmission has the highest load-bearing capacity and allows for unrestricted arrangement of the hydraulic motors. Furthermore, using a hydraulic motor allows for setting a corresponding upper limit for oil pressure to facilitate automatic stopping of the corresponding operation. The tensioning element 100 is spline-fitted with a first bushing 120 equipped with bevel gears, and the locking element 200 is spline-fitted with a second bushing 230 equipped with bevel gears.

[0068] In some embodiments, the first hydraulic motor 311 and the second hydraulic motor 332 are staggered in the circumferential direction. This shortens the axial distance between the two motors and reduces the overall volume of the mounting device. Preferably, the first hydraulic motor 311 and the second hydraulic motor 331 are arranged at 90 degrees in the circumferential direction, and both are located in the same semicircular area in the circumferential direction, which facilitates installation.

[0069] In one embodiment, the mounting device includes a housing 400 that fits over the locking element 200. The housing 400 has a cavity 430 for accommodating a first bevel gear set 312 and a second bevel gear set 332. A first hydraulic motor 311 and a second hydraulic motor 331 are mounted on the housing 400, and their output shafts extend into the cavity 430 to engage with the corresponding bevel gear sets. This staggered arrangement of the two motors ensures that the two bevel gear sets are axially adjacent, resulting in a smaller cavity 430 and a more compact overall design.

[0070] The housing 400 has a first end 401 and a second end 402 (corresponding to the distal end and proximal end, respectively) in the length (axial) direction. The first end 401 has a flared opening 403 through which the rod 91 passes. The flared opening 403 facilitates the initial engagement of the connecting part 110 with the rod 91. The second power mechanism 320 is fixedly installed on the second end 402. The second power mechanism 320 is a hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder includes a piston 321 that slides axially. The piston 321 is threadedly connected to the proximal end of the tensioning element 100.

[0071] The housing 400 includes a split first part 410 and a second part 420. The first part 410 is clearance-fitted with the locking element 200, and a cavity 430 is disposed within the second part 420. The first part 410 has a first drain hole 411, and the corresponding locking element 200 has a second drain hole 220. The second drain hole 220 is used to drain water and mud between the locking element 200 and the tensioning element 100, and the first drain hole 411 is used to drain water and mud from its interior to prevent the tensioning element 100 and the locking element 200 from getting stuck.

[0072] Since the locking element 200 only rotates, in one embodiment, the locking element 200 is a two-section structure with a threaded connection. The first drain hole 411 is opened at the distal end of the locking element 200 for easy processing.

[0073] In the anchor bolt installation device of this application, the rotation and axial movement of the tensioning element and the rotation of the locking element are independent of each other, thus enriching the operation methods and allowing for flexible changes. This device can complete the operation of bolt delivery and head fixing, replacing the bolt delivery and jacks, avoiding equipment replacement, and improving work efficiency.

[0074] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as the combination of these technical features does not contradict each other, it should be considered to be within the scope of this specification. When technical features of different embodiments are embodied in the same drawing, it can be regarded as the drawing also disclosing examples of combinations of the various embodiments involved.

[0075] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of several implementation methods of this application, and their descriptions are quite specific and detailed. However, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the patent application. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of this application, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An anchor bolt installation device, the anchor bolt comprising a threaded rod body and a fastening nut fitted onto the rod body, characterized in that, The anchor bolt installation device includes: The tensioning element has a threaded connection for connecting the rod body, and the tensioning element is splined with a first bushing with a bevel gear; A first power mechanism is used to drive the tensioning element to rotate in order to connect the rod body. The first power mechanism includes a first hydraulic motor and a first bevel gear set connected between the first hydraulic motor and the tensioning element. The second power mechanism is used to drive the tensioning element to move axially and apply prestress to the anchor rod; The locking element is a hollow tubular structure that is coaxially sleeved on the outside of the tensioning element and has a joint for engaging the fastening nut. The locking element is splined with a second bushing with a bevel gear. A third power mechanism is used to drive the locking element to rotate in order to lock the fastening nut. The third power mechanism includes a second hydraulic motor and a second bevel gear set connected between the second hydraulic motor and the locking element. The anchor bolt installation device also includes a housing that fits over the locking element. The housing has a cavity for accommodating the first bevel gear set and the second bevel gear set. The first hydraulic motor and the second hydraulic motor are mounted on the housing, and their output shafts extend into the cavity and engage with the corresponding bevel gear sets.

2. The anchor bolt installation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first hydraulic motor and the second hydraulic motor are arranged in a staggered manner in the circumferential direction.

3. The anchor bolt installation device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The first hydraulic motor and the second hydraulic motor are arranged at a 90-degree angle in the circumferential direction.

4. The anchor bolt installation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing has a first end and a second end in the length direction. The first end has a flared opening through which the rod passes, and the second power mechanism is fixedly installed at the second end.

5. The anchor bolt installation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing comprises a first part and a second part, wherein the first part is clearance-fitted with the locking element and the second part has the cavity.

6. The anchor bolt installation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first part has a first drain hole, and the corresponding locking element has a second drain hole.

7. The anchor bolt installation device according to claim 1, wherein the locking element is a two-section structure with a threaded connection.

8. An operating arm of an anchor bolt trolley, comprising a push beam, characterized in that, A sliding seat is slidably mounted on the propulsion beam, and an installation device for the anchor bolt as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 is mounted on the sliding seat.

Images