Locomotive onboard hydrogen storage system and locomotive hydrogen refueling equipment

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and more specifically, to a locomotive-mounted hydrogen storage system and locomotive hydrogen refueling equipment. The locomotive-mounted hydrogen storage system disclosed herein includes a hydrogen storage device, a hydrogen refueling pipeline, a hydrogen supply pipeline, a cooling pipeline, a heat exchanger, and a radiator. One end of the hydrogen refueling pipeline is connected to the hydrogen storage device, and the other end is used to connect to the ground hydrogen refueling system; one end of the hydrogen supply pipeline is connected to the hydrogen storage device, and the other end is used to connect to the fuel cell; the cooling medium circulates in the cooling pipeline, the heat exchanger, and the radiator. The heat exchanger is arranged adjacent to the hydrogen refueling pipeline, and the cooling medium cools the hydrogen refueling pipeline in the heat exchanger. The radiator is arranged away from the hydrogen refueling pipeline and is used to cool the cooling medium in the radiator, so that the hydrogen refueling pipeline can be continuously cooled to avoid hydrogen leakage caused by the sharp temperature rise when a large flow of high-pressure hydrogen enters the hydrogen refueling pipeline. The locomotive-mounted hydrogen storage system can increase the safety and efficiency of hydrogen refueling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of fuel cell technology, and in particular to a locomotive onboard hydrogen storage system and locomotive hydrogen refueling equipment. Background Art

[0002] A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy. It boasts high energy conversion rates and is clean and environmentally friendly. Fuel cell vehicles are a key development direction for new energy vehicles. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have an onboard hydrogen storage system to provide hydrogen to the fuel cell during operation.

[0003] In the prior art, when hydrogenating a locomotive's onboard hydrogen storage system, the hydrogen is pressurized by a ground compressor, and then connected to the onboard hydrogen filling port through a hydrogen filling gun to fill the high-pressure hydrogen into the onboard hydrogen storage system. Since the locomotive has a large hydrogen storage capacity and the allowed hydrogenation time is short, high-flow and high-pressure hydrogenation is required. When a large flow of high-pressure hydrogen enters the hydrogenation pipeline, the pipeline diameter is small, resulting in a very high flow rate of hydrogen in the pipeline. The friction between the hydrogen and the pipeline is large, and the resistance of the gas increases, causing the temperature of the hydrogenation pipeline to rise rapidly in a short time, which will cause the pipeline to leak hydrogen due to temperature changes, affecting the safety of the onboard hydrogen storage system. If the hydrogenation speed is reduced to ensure safety, the efficiency of hydrogenation will be affected.

[0004] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the above background technology section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to ordinary technicians in the field. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a locomotive onboard hydrogen storage system and locomotive hydrogen refueling equipment, which can increase the safety and efficiency during hydrogen refueling.

[0006] According to one aspect of the present disclosure, a locomotive onboard hydrogen storage system is provided, the system comprising:

[0007] hydrogen storage device;

[0008] A hydrogenation pipeline, one end of which is connected to the hydrogen storage device, and the other end of which is used to connect to a ground hydrogenation system, so that the ground hydrogenation system provides hydrogen to the hydrogen storage device through the hydrogenation pipeline;

[0009] A hydrogen supply pipeline, one end of which is connected to the hydrogen storage device, and the other end of which is used to be connected to the fuel cell, and the hydrogen supply pipeline is used for the hydrogen storage device to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell;

[0010] A cooling pipeline, part of which is arranged adjacent to the hydrogenation pipeline, and is used to circulate the cooling medium in the cooling pipeline;

[0011] A heat exchanger is connected to the cooling pipeline so that the cooling medium circulates in the cooling pipeline and the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is arranged adjacent to the hydrogenation pipeline, and the cooling medium cools the hydrogenation pipeline in the heat exchanger;

[0012] The radiator is connected to the cooling pipeline so that the cooling medium circulates in the cooling pipeline, the heat exchanger and the radiator. The radiator is arranged away from the hydrogenation pipeline and is used to cool the cooling medium in the radiator.

[0013] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a heat sink includes:

[0014] A heat sink, wherein the heat sink is connected to a cooling pipe;

[0015] The fan is arranged adjacent to the heat sink and is used to cool the cooling medium in the heat sink.

[0016] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the cooling medium is coolant, and the system further includes a water pump, which is arranged in the cooling pipeline. The water pump is used to drive the coolant to circulate in the cooling pipeline, and the water pump is used to control the flow rate of the coolant.

[0017] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the system further includes a coolant tank, which is connected to the cooling pipeline. The coolant tank, the radiator and the water pump are arranged in sequence in the flow direction of the coolant.

[0018] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, a portion of the hydrogenation pipeline and a portion of the hydrogen supply pipeline overlap to form a high-pressure pipeline, and the heat exchanger is a coil-type liquid-cooled heat exchanger, one section of the heat exchanger is wrapped around the high-pressure pipeline, and the other section of the heat exchanger is wrapped around the portion of the hydrogenation pipeline that does not overlap with the hydrogen supply pipeline.

[0019] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the system also includes a sensor and an on-board controller, which are connected to the on-board controller. The sensor is used to collect the head-end temperature of the cooling medium entering the heat exchanger and the tail-end temperature of the cooling medium leaving the heat exchanger; the on-board controller is used to obtain the head-end temperature and the tail-end temperature, and adjust the circulation speed of the cooling medium and the power of the radiator according to the relationship between the head-end temperature and the tail-end temperature and the first preset temperature.

[0020] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the onboard controller turns on the radiator when the head-end temperature is greater than a first preset temperature; the onboard controller turns on the radiator to maximum power when the tail-end temperature is greater than the first preset temperature;

[0021] Among them, the on-board controller is also used to adjust the power of the radiator in real time according to the head-end temperature and the tail-end temperature.

[0022] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the sensor is also used to collect the pressure of the hydrogen refueling pipeline and the bottle mouth temperature of the hydrogen storage device. The on-board controller is connected to the ground hydrogen refueling system. The on-board controller is also used to adjust the speed at which the ground hydrogen refueling system provides hydrogen according to the head end temperature, tail end temperature, pressure and bottle mouth temperature.

[0023] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the on-board controller reduces the speed at which hydrogen enters the on-board hydrogen storage system when the tail end temperature is greater than a second preset temperature;

[0024] When the tail end temperature is greater than a third preset temperature, the on-board controller stops hydrogen from entering the on-board hydrogen storage system;

[0025] The third preset temperature is greater than the second preset temperature, the second preset temperature is greater than the first preset temperature, and the onboard controller is connected to the ground hydrogen refueling system via a wireless network.

[0026] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a locomotive hydrogen refueling device is provided, the device comprising:

[0027] Ground hydrogenation system;

[0028] The locomotive onboard hydrogen storage system of any of the above items, wherein the ground hydrogen refueling system is connected to the locomotive onboard hydrogen storage system;

[0029] Among them, the ground hydrogenation system includes a gas source and a compressor. The hydrogen in the gas source passes through the compressor and enters the locomotive's onboard hydrogen storage system.

[0030] The locomotive-mounted hydrogen storage system of the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure can dissipate the heat of the hydrogen refueling pipeline to a place far away from the hydrogen refueling pipeline, so that the hydrogen refueling pipeline can be continuously cooled, thereby avoiding hydrogen leakage caused by the sharp temperature rise when a large flow of high-pressure hydrogen enters the hydrogen refueling pipeline, thereby improving the safety during hydrogen refueling; at the same time, cooling the hydrogen refueling pipeline also reduces the temperature of the hydrogen when it enters the hydrogen storage device, avoiding the automatic closure of the hydrogen refueling pipeline due to the excessively high temperature of the hydrogen when entering the hydrogen storage device, and improving the efficiency of hydrogen refueling of the hydrogen storage device. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The accompanying drawings are incorporated into and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure, and together with the specification, are used to explain the principles of the present disclosure. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present disclosure, and those skilled in the art can derive other drawings based on these drawings without inventive effort.

[0032] For a better understanding of the present disclosure, reference may be made to the embodiments shown in the following drawings. The components in the drawings are not necessarily to scale, and related elements may be omitted in order to emphasize and clearly illustrate the technical features of the present disclosure. In addition, related elements or components may have different arrangements as known in the art. In addition, in the drawings, the same reference numerals represent the same or similar components in each drawing. Among them:

[0033] Figure 1 Schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of a locomotive onboard hydrogen storage system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0034] Figure 2 Schematically shows a schematic diagram of a ground hydrogenation system according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a locomotive hydrogen refueling device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0036] The following are the descriptions of the reference numerals:

[0037] 10. Hydrogen storage device; 11. Bottle valve; 20. Hydrogenation pipeline; 21. High-pressure pipeline; 22. Hydrogenation port; 23. One-way valve; 24. First filter;

[0038] 30. Hydrogen supply pipeline; 31. First solenoid valve; 32. Pressure reducing valve; 33. Second filter; 34. Safety valve;

[0039] 40. Cooling pipe; 50. Heat exchanger; 60. Radiator; 61. Heat sink; 62. Fan; 70. Water pump; 80. Coolant tank; 90. Onboard controller; 91. First temperature sensor; 92. Second temperature sensor; 93. First pressure sensor; 94. Third temperature sensor;

[0040] 1. Fuel cell; 2. Exhaust pipeline; 101. Gas source; 102. Compressor; 103. Hydrogenation gun; 104. Hydrogenation machine controller; 105. Fourth temperature sensor; 106. Second pressure sensor; 107. Precooler. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings in the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. The exemplary embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present disclosure. Therefore, it should be understood that various modifications and changes can be made to the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of protection of the present disclosure.

[0042] Unless otherwise specified or explained, the terms "connect," "fixed," etc. should be understood broadly. For example, "connected" may refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, an integral connection, an electrical connection, or a signal connection; and "connected" may refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediary. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in this disclosure based on specific circumstances.

[0043] Furthermore, in the description of the present disclosure, it should be understood that the directional words such as “upper”, “lower”, “inner” and “outer” described in the example embodiments of the present disclosure are for convenience only, for example, descriptions based on the angles shown in the accompanying drawings, and should not be understood as limitations on the example embodiments of the present disclosure. It should also be understood that, in the context, when it is mentioned that an element or feature is connected to another element (one or more) “upper”, “lower”, or “inner” or “outer”, it can not only be directly connected to the other (one or more) elements “upper”, “lower” or “inner” or “outer”, but can also be indirectly connected to the other (one or more) elements “upper”, “lower” or “inner” or “outer” through an intermediate element.

[0044] The terms "a", "an", "the", and "said" are used to indicate the presence of one or more elements / components / etc.; the terms "including" and "having" are used to express open-ended inclusion and mean that additional elements / components / etc. may exist in addition to the listed elements / components / etc.; the terms "first" and "second" etc. are used only as labels and are not intended to limit the quantity of their objects.

[0045] A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy of fuel into electrical energy. It boasts high energy conversion rates and is clean and environmentally friendly. Fuel cell vehicles are a key development direction for new energy vehicles. Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have an onboard hydrogen storage system to provide hydrogen to the fuel cell during operation.

[0046] At present, the main method of on-board hydrogen storage is high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage. When refueling the locomotive's on-board hydrogen storage system, the hydrogen is pressurized by a ground compressor, and then connected to the on-board hydrogen refueling port through a hydrogen refueling gun to fill the high-pressure hydrogen into the on-board hydrogen storage system. Since the locomotive has a large hydrogen storage capacity and the allowed hydrogenation time is short, high-flow and high-pressure hydrogenation is required. When a large flow of high-pressure hydrogen enters the hydrogenation pipeline, the pipeline diameter is small, resulting in a very high flow rate of hydrogen in the pipeline. The friction between the hydrogen and the pipeline is large, and the gas resistance increases, causing the temperature of the hydrogenation pipeline to rise rapidly in a short period of time. This will cause hydrogen leakage in the pipeline due to temperature changes, affecting the safety of the on-board hydrogen storage system. If the hydrogenation speed is reduced to ensure safety, the efficiency of hydrogenation will be affected.

[0047] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 3The technical solution of the present disclosure is further illustrated through specific implementation methods.

[0048] The present disclosure provides a locomotive onboard hydrogen storage system, referring to Figure 1 As shown, it includes a hydrogen storage device 10, a hydrogen refueling pipeline 20, a hydrogen supply pipeline 30, a cooling pipeline 40, a heat exchanger 50 and a radiator 60. One end of the hydrogen refueling pipeline 20 is connected to the hydrogen storage device 10, and the other end of the hydrogen refueling pipeline 20 is used to be connected to the ground hydrogen refueling system so that the ground hydrogen refueling system provides hydrogen to the hydrogen storage device 10 through the hydrogen refueling pipeline 20.

[0049] One end of the hydrogen supply pipeline 30 is connected to the hydrogen storage device 10 , and the other end of the hydrogen supply pipeline 30 is used to be connected to the fuel cell 1 . The hydrogen supply pipeline 30 is used for the hydrogen storage device 10 to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell 1 .

[0050] The cooling pipe 40, the heat exchanger 50 and the radiator 60 are connected. The heat exchanger 50 is arranged adjacent to the hydrogenation pipe 20. The cooling medium cools the hydrogenation pipe 20 in the heat exchanger 50. The radiator 60 is arranged away from the hydrogenation pipe 20 and is used to cool the cooling medium in the radiator 60. The cooling medium circulates in the cooling pipe 40, the heat exchanger 50 and the radiator 60, and dissipates the heat of the hydrogenation pipe 20 to a place away from the hydrogenation pipe 20, so that the hydrogenation pipe 20 can be continuously cooled. Cooling is performed to avoid hydrogen leakage caused by drastic temperature rise when a large flow of high-pressure hydrogen enters the hydrogen refueling pipeline 20, thereby improving the safety during hydrogen refueling; at the same time, cooling the hydrogen refueling pipeline 20 also reduces the temperature of the hydrogen when it enters the hydrogen storage device 10, avoiding the automatic closure of the hydrogen refueling pipeline 20 due to excessively high temperature when the hydrogen enters the hydrogen storage device 10, and improving the efficiency of hydrogen refueling of the hydrogen storage device 10. Therefore, it is particularly suitable for locomotives with large capacity and rapid hydrogen refueling needs.

[0051] Specifically, locomotive-mounted hydrogen storage systems typically use high-pressure gaseous hydrogen. The hydrogen storage device 10 can be a 35 MPa or 70 MPa high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle. The ground-based hydrogen refueling system includes a hydrogen refueling gun 103. A hydrogen refueling line 20 is connected to the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle at one end and has a hydrogen refueling port 22 at the other end. By connecting the hydrogen refueling gun 103 to the hydrogen refueling port 22, the ground-based hydrogen refueling system can refuel the locomotive-mounted hydrogen storage system.

[0052] A one-way valve 23 may also be provided on the hydrogenation pipeline 20. Figure 1 As shown, the one-way valve 23 prevents hydrogen from leaking from the hydrogenation line 20 if the hydrogenation port 22 is damaged or poorly sealed. A first filter 24 may also be provided on the hydrogenation line 20 to prevent particulate matter from entering the hydrogen storage device 10. The first filter 24 may be located on the side of the one-way valve 23 near the hydrogenation port 22. This prevents particulate matter from entering the one-way valve 23 and potentially damaging it.

[0053] The hydrogen supply pipeline 30 mainly realizes the supply of hydrogen from the hydrogen storage device 10 to the fuel cell 1. Figure 1 As shown, a first solenoid valve 31 is provided on the hydrogen supply line 30 to control the on / off state of the hydrogen supply line 30. A pressure reducing valve 32 may also be provided on the hydrogen supply line 30. The high-pressure hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 10 is adjusted to the pressure required by the fuel cell 1 after passing through the pressure reducing valve 32. The pressure reducing valve 32 may also have the function of balancing pressure fluctuations, so that after the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage device 10 is consumed and the pressure of the high-pressure hydrogen is reduced, the hydrogen supply pressure to the fuel cell 1 is kept stable. A second filter 33 may also be provided on the hydrogen supply line 30 to prevent particulate impurities from entering and contaminating the fuel cell 1. Of course, the second filter 33 may be provided on the side of the pressure reducing valve 32 close to the hydrogen storage device 10, which can also prevent particulate impurities from entering the pressure reducing valve 32 and causing damage to the pressure reducing valve 32.

[0054] In the exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to Figure 1 As shown, the locomotive hydrogen storage system may also include a drain line 2, which communicates with the hydrogen supply line 30 between the pressure reducing valve 32 and the fuel cell 1 to vent excess pressure downstream of the pressure reducing valve 32. A safety valve 34 may be provided between the drain line 2 and the hydrogen supply line 30. When the pressure downstream of the pressure reducing valve 32 reaches the opening pressure of the safety valve 34, hydrogen is released from the drain line 2. The drain line 2 may also communicate with the hydrogen storage device 10 to discharge hydrogen within the hydrogen storage device 10 if the temperature inside the hydrogen storage device 10 is too high, providing over-temperature and overpressure protection.

[0055] Heat exchanger 50 is positioned adjacent to hydrogenation line 20 to exchange heat with the hydrogenation line 20. Specifically, heat exchanger 50 may be a cooling pipe through which a liquid or gaseous cooling medium flows. Cooling line 40 connects heat exchanger 50 and radiator 60 to form a circulation system.

[0056] For example, the cooling tubes may contain a gaseous coolant such as air, hydrogen, or helium. When flowing through the heat exchanger 50, it exchanges heat with the higher-temperature hydrogenation pipeline 20, cooling the hydrogenation pipeline 20. When flowing through the radiator 60, the gaseous coolant is cooled by the radiator 60. For example, the radiator 60 compresses the gaseous coolant, causing it to expand and absorb heat from the hydrogenation pipeline 20 when it re-enters the heat exchanger 50, thus forming a cooling cycle for the hydrogenation pipeline 20. Alternatively, the cooling tubes may contain refrigerants such as Freon and hydrocarbons. The principles behind this are similar to those of a vapor compression refrigerator and will not be described in detail here.

[0057] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to Figure 1As shown, the radiator 60 includes a heat sink 61 and a fan 62. The heat sink 61 is connected to the cooling pipe 40. The fan 62 is disposed adjacent to the heat sink 61 and is used to cool the coolant within the heat sink 61. The heat sink 61 can have a large heat dissipation area. The fan 62 can accelerate the heat exchange rate between the coolant within the heat sink 61 and the external environment, thereby improving the heat dissipation efficiency of the radiator 60.

[0058] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to Figure 1 As shown, the cooling medium is coolant, and the system also includes a water pump 70. The water pump 70 is provided in the cooling line 40. The water pump 70 is used to drive the coolant to circulate in the cooling line 40 and to control the flow rate of the coolant. Thus, by adjusting the water pump 70, the flow rate of the coolant in the cooling line 40 can be adjusted, thereby indirectly controlling the cooling power of the hydrogenation line 20. For example, the coolant can be water, silicone oil, or fluorinated liquid. In this case, the cooling line 40, the heat exchanger 50, the radiator 60, and the water pump 70 constitute a liquid cooling and heat dissipation system, which is reliable, has high heat exchange efficiency, is not easy to burn, and improves the safety of the locomotive onboard hydrogen storage system.

[0059] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to Figure 1 As shown, the system also includes a coolant tank 80, which is connected to the cooling line 40, thereby maintaining sufficient coolant in the line and providing a certain cooling effect. The coolant tank 80, radiator 60, and water pump 70 are arranged sequentially in the direction of coolant flow. This ensures that the higher-temperature coolant flowing back through the hydrogenation line 20 first flows back to the coolant tank 80, then flows through the radiator 60 to cool down before passing through the water pump, thus protecting the water pump.

[0060] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to Figure 1 As shown, a portion of the hydrogenation line 20 and a portion of the hydrogen supply line 30 overlap to form the high-pressure line 21. The heat exchanger 50 is a coil-type liquid-cooled heat exchanger, and a section of the heat exchanger 50 is wrapped around the high-pressure line 21 to cool the high-pressure line 21 during both the hydrogenation process and the hydrogen supply process. Because the pressure and flow rate of hydrogen in the hydrogenation line 20 during the hydrogenation process are greater than the flow rate of hydrogen in the hydrogen supply line 30 during the hydrogen supply process, another section of the heat exchanger 50 is wrapped around the portion of the hydrogenation line 20 that does not overlap with the hydrogen supply line 30 to focus on strengthening the cooling of the hydrogenation line 20 during the hydrogenation process.

[0061] Specifically, the hydrogenation pipeline 20 and the hydrogen supply pipeline 30 can share a section of pipeline to form the high-pressure pipeline 21. That is, during the hydrogenation process, the hydrogen in the high-pressure pipeline 21 flows toward the hydrogen storage device 10, and during the hydrogen supply process, the hydrogen in the high-pressure pipeline 21 flows away from the hydrogen storage device 10, thereby simplifying the pipeline structure. In other exemplary embodiments, the hydrogenation pipeline 20 and the hydrogen supply pipeline 30 may not share a section, but may simply be arranged in close proximity, so that the coil-type liquid-cooled heat exchanger is wrapped around both the hydrogenation pipeline 20 and the hydrogen supply pipeline 30 to form the portion of the high-pressure pipeline 21.

[0062] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to Figure 1 As shown, the system also includes a sensor and an onboard controller 90. The sensor is connected to the onboard controller 90, and the sensor is used to collect the head-end temperature of the cooling medium entering the heat exchanger 50 and the tail-end temperature of the cooling medium leaving the heat exchanger 50. The onboard controller 90 is used to obtain the head-end temperature and the tail-end temperature, and adjust the circulation speed of the cooling medium and the power of the radiator 60 according to the relationship between the head-end temperature and the tail-end temperature and the first preset temperature. In this way, the system can obtain the actual temperature rise of the hydrogenation pipeline 20 during the hydrogenation process and adjust the cooling power of the hydrogenation pipeline 20 accordingly. For example, the head-end temperature or the tail-end temperature can be used as a condition to determine whether to turn on the fan 62 and the water pump 70. The cooling condition of the heat exchanger 50 on the hydrogenation pipeline 20 can also be understood based on the difference between the head-end temperature and the tail-end temperature, thereby adjusting the operating power of the fan 62 and the water pump 70.

[0063] The sensor may include two temperature sensors, one at each end of the coil heat exchanger and connected to the vehicle controller 90. Alternatively, the sensor may be an integrated sensor with multiple collection points, which may be located near both ends of the coil heat exchanger and at corresponding positions of the hydrogenation pipeline 20. The head-end temperature and tail-end temperature are comprehensively obtained, and the temperature is then transmitted to the vehicle controller 90 in the form of a signal. For example, the sensor includes a first temperature sensor 91 and a second temperature sensor 92, which are located at the inlet and outlet of the coil heat exchanger, respectively. The collected temperature is recorded as T i and T o , and T i and T o It is sent to the vehicle controller 90 via the data transmission line.

[0064] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the vehicle controller 90 is at the head end temperature T i When the temperature is greater than the first preset temperature, the radiator 60 is turned on; the vehicle controller 90 is at the tail end temperature T o When the temperature is greater than the first preset temperature, the radiator 60 is turned on to the maximum power. Of course, the vehicle controller 90 can also iWhen the temperature is greater than the first preset temperature, the water pump 70 is optionally or simultaneously turned on to promote the circulation of the cooling medium in the cooling pipe 40 and to reduce the temperature at the tail end T o When the temperature is greater than the first preset temperature, the water pump 70 is turned on to the maximum power. The power adjustment of the radiator 60 can be adjusted by adjusting the power of the compressor or indirectly adjusting the power of the radiator 60 by adjusting the power of the fan 62, depending on its type.

[0065] For example, when the temperature rise of the hydrogenation pipeline 20 is relatively low, the fan 62 may not be turned on, or the flow rate of the water pump 70 may be adjusted to a lower level, thereby saving resources; when the temperature rise of the hydrogenation pipeline 20 is relatively obvious, the fan 62 and the water pump 70 may be turned on to the maximum operating power to cool the hydrogenation pipeline 20 to the greatest extent.

[0066] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the on-board controller 90 is also used to adjust the power of the radiator 60 and the water pump 70 in real time according to the head-end temperature and the tail-end temperature, so that the pipeline temperature regulation is more reasonable and accurate, thereby achieving the purpose of energy saving and improving hydrogenation efficiency. For example, the on-board controller 90 includes a PID controller (Proportion Integration Differentiation, proportional-integral-differential controller), which adjusts the power of the radiator 60 and the water pump 70 in real time through predictive PID algorithms, robust control, etc. Of course, real-time regulation can also be performed through an LQR controller (Linear Quadratic Regulator, linear quadratic regulator) or a neural network control method. The algorithms for real-time regulation are all algorithms in the prior art and are not described in detail here.

[0067] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the sensor is also used to collect the pressure of the hydrogen refueling pipeline 20 and the bottle mouth temperature of the hydrogen storage device 10. The on-board controller 90 is connected to the ground hydrogen refueling system. The on-board controller 90 is also used to adjust the speed at which the ground hydrogen refueling system provides hydrogen according to the head end temperature, tail end temperature, pressure and bottle mouth temperature.

[0068] In the prior art, reference Figure 2 As shown, when a temperature anomaly or fault occurs in the locomotive's onboard hydrogen storage system, it cannot be promptly fed back to the ground hydrogen refueling system. The ground hydrogen refueling system can only detect the anomaly through the temperature and pressure sensors at the hydrogen refueling gun 103 and on the ground hydrogen refueling system's pipelines, and only then will it reduce the hydrogen refueling pressure and speed or stop the hydrogen refueling process. This results in a lag between the onboard hydrogen storage system and the ground system when an anomaly occurs, resulting in a slow feedback response speed, which affects the safety and efficiency of the hydrogen refueling process. The exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure connect the onboard controller 90 to the ground hydrogen refueling system and enable the onboard controller 90 to control the speed at which the ground hydrogen refueling system supplies hydrogen, thereby improving the response rate between the vehicle and the ground, and enhancing the safety and efficiency of the hydrogen refueling process.

[0069] For example, the sensor may include a first pressure sensor 93, which is provided on the hydrogenation pipeline 20 to detect the pressure of the hydrogenation pipeline 20 during the hydrogenation process. The first pressure sensor 93 can be provided on the hydrogenation pipeline 20 to constitute the portion of the high-pressure pipeline 21, that is, the pressure of the high-pressure pipeline 21 can be detected during both the hydrogenation process and the hydrogen supply process. A bottle mouth valve 11 is provided at the bottle mouth of the hydrogen storage device 10, and the bottle mouth valve 11 can be integrated with a manual stop valve, a solenoid valve, a TPRD control valve, etc. A third temperature sensor 94 is also provided at the bottle mouth of the hydrogen storage device 10 to collect the bottle mouth temperature of the hydrogen storage device 10 during the hydrogenation process.

[0070] refer to Figure 2 As shown, the ground hydrogenation system is generally controlled by a hydrogenation machine controller 104. A fourth temperature sensor 105 and a second pressure sensor 106 are installed on the ground hydrogenation system pipeline. The fourth temperature sensor 105 and the second pressure sensor 106 transmit the collected temperature and pressure information to the hydrogenation machine controller 104. When the temperature and pressure information are abnormal, the hydrogenation machine controller 104 reduces the hydrogenation pressure and speed, or stops hydrogenation. In addition, the onboard controller 90 is connected to the hydrogenation machine controller 104 and controls the hydrogenation machine controller 104 based on the headend temperature, tailend temperature, pressure, and bottle mouth temperature of the hydrogenation pipeline 20.

[0071] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to Figure 3 As shown, the ground hydrogenation system is connected to the hydrogenation machine controller 104 via a wireless network such as Wi-Fi or 5G network to improve the convenience of use. Of course, in other exemplary embodiments, the ground hydrogenation system and the hydrogenation machine controller 104 can also be connected via a data cable.

[0072] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, the on-board controller 90 reduces the speed at which hydrogen enters the on-board hydrogen storage system when the tail end temperature is greater than a second preset temperature; and stops hydrogen from entering the on-board hydrogen storage system when the tail end temperature is greater than a third preset temperature; wherein the third preset temperature is greater than the second preset temperature, and the second preset temperature is greater than the first preset temperature.

[0073] Specifically, as described above, the onboard controller 90 has already opened the radiator 60 to maximum power when the tail-end temperature is greater than the first preset temperature. Therefore, when the tail-end temperature is greater than the second preset temperature, the cooling effect of the heat exchanger 50 on the hydrogenation pipeline 20 has reached its upper limit. At this time, the onboard controller 90 controls the hydrogenation machine controller 104 to reduce the hydrogen inflow rate at the hydrogenation gun 103 to prevent danger. It also prevents the temperature from rising further, causing the bottle valve 11 to automatically close, thereby affecting hydrogenation efficiency. When the tail-end temperature rises further to greater than the third preset temperature, the onboard controller 90 controls the hydrogenation machine controller 104 to close the hydrogenation gun 103 to prevent danger.

[0074] Of course, the on-board controller 90 can also control the hydrogen filling machine controller 104 according to the head end temperature, tail end temperature, pressure and bottle mouth temperature of the hydrogen filling pipeline 20, and then control the speed of hydrogen entering the on-board hydrogen storage system in real time. The control method that can be used is the same as the aforementioned real-time adjustment of the power of the radiator 60, which will not be described in detail.

[0075] According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a locomotive hydrogen refueling device is provided, referring to Figure 3 As shown, it includes a ground hydrogen refueling system and the above-mentioned locomotive onboard hydrogen storage system. The ground hydrogen refueling system is connected to the locomotive onboard hydrogen storage system. The connection method has been described above and will not be described in detail here.

[0076] In an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to Figure 3 As shown, the ground hydrogenation system includes a gas source 101 and a compressor 102. The hydrogen in the gas source 101 passes through the compressor 102 and enters the locomotive onboard hydrogen storage system to provide high-pressure hydrogen for rapid storage. The ground hydrogenation system may also include a precooler 107, which is arranged between the compressor 102 and the hydrogenation gun 103 and is used to precool the high-pressure hydrogen. To a certain extent, the precooler 107 prevents the high-pressure hydrogen from excessively rising in the hydrogenation pipeline 20. In conjunction with the locomotive onboard hydrogen storage system described above, the temperature of the hydrogenation pipeline 20 can be better controlled. At the same time, the locomotive hydrogenation equipment of the present disclosure can realize the control of the locomotive onboard hydrogen storage system over the ground hydrogenation system, thereby improving the safety and efficiency of hydrogenation of the locomotive onboard hydrogen storage system.

[0077] Other embodiments of the present disclosure will readily occur to those skilled in the art after considering the specification and practicing the invention disclosed herein. This disclosure is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present disclosure that follow the general principles of the present disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not disclosed herein. The description and examples are to be considered as exemplary only, with the true scope and spirit of the present disclosure being indicated by the appended claims.

[0078] It should be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise structures described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of protection of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A locomotive onboard hydrogen storage system, characterized in that: The system comprises: a hydrogen storage device (10); a hydrogenation pipeline (20), one end of the hydrogenation pipeline (20) being connected to the hydrogen storage device (10), and the other end of the hydrogenation pipeline (20) being connected to a ground hydrogenation system, so that the ground hydrogenation system provides hydrogen to the hydrogen storage device (10) through the hydrogenation pipeline (20); a hydrogen supply pipeline (30), one end of the hydrogen supply pipeline (30) being connected to the hydrogen storage device (10), the other end of the hydrogen supply pipeline (30) being used to be connected to the fuel cell (1), and the hydrogen supply pipeline (30) being used for the hydrogen storage device (10) to supply hydrogen to the fuel cell (1); Part of the hydrogenation pipeline (20) and part of the hydrogen supply pipeline (30) overlap to form a high-pressure pipeline (21); A cooling pipeline (40), wherein a portion of the cooling pipeline (40) is arranged adjacent to the hydrogenation pipeline (20), and the cooling pipeline (40) is used to circulate a cooling medium in the cooling pipeline (40), wherein the cooling medium is a coolant. The system includes a water pump (70), wherein the water pump (70) is arranged in the cooling pipeline (40), and wherein the water pump (70) is used to drive the coolant to circulate in the cooling pipeline (40), and wherein the water pump (70) is used to control the flow rate of the coolant. a heat exchanger (50), wherein the heat exchanger (50) is a coil-type liquid-cooled heat exchanger, the heat exchanger (50) is connected to the cooling pipeline (40) so that the cooling medium circulates in the cooling pipeline (40) and the heat exchanger (50), the heat exchanger (50) is arranged adjacent to the hydrogenation pipeline (20), one section of the heat exchanger (50) is wrapped around the high-pressure pipeline (21), and another section of the heat exchanger (50) is wrapped around the portion of the hydrogenation pipeline (20) that does not overlap with the hydrogen supply pipeline (30), and the cooling medium cools the high-pressure pipeline (21) and the hydrogenation pipeline (20) in the heat exchanger (50); A radiator (60) is connected to the cooling pipeline (40) so that the cooling medium circulates in the cooling pipeline (40), the heat exchanger (50) and the radiator (60). The radiator (60) is arranged away from the hydrogenation pipeline (20) and is used to cool the cooling medium in the radiator (60).

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The radiator (60) comprises: a heat sink (61), the heat sink (61) being in communication with the cooling pipe (40); A fan (62) is provided adjacent to the heat sink (61), and the fan (62) is used to cool the cooling medium in the heat sink (61).

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The system further comprises a coolant tank (80), the coolant tank (80) being in communication with the cooling pipeline (40), and the coolant tank (80), the radiator (60) and the water pump (70) being arranged in sequence in the flow direction of the coolant.

4. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The system further comprises a sensor and an onboard controller (90), wherein the sensor is connected to the onboard controller (90), and the sensor is used to collect the head-end temperature of the cooling medium entering the heat exchanger (50) and the tail-end temperature of the cooling medium leaving the heat exchanger (50); the onboard controller (90) is used to obtain the head-end temperature and the tail-end temperature, and adjust the circulation speed of the cooling medium and the power of the radiator (60) according to the relationship between the head-end temperature and the tail-end temperature and a first preset temperature.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that The onboard controller (90) turns on the radiator (60) when the head-end temperature is greater than the first preset temperature; the onboard controller (90) turns on the radiator (60) to maximum power when the tail-end temperature is greater than the first preset temperature; The onboard controller (90) is further configured to adjust the power of the radiator (60) in real time according to the head-end temperature and the tail-end temperature.

6. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that The sensor is also used to collect the pressure of the hydrogenation pipeline (20) and the bottle mouth temperature of the hydrogen storage device (10). The on-board controller (90) is connected to the ground hydrogenation system. The on-board controller (90) is also used to adjust the speed at which the ground hydrogenation system provides hydrogen according to the head end temperature, the tail end temperature, the pressure and the bottle mouth temperature.

7. The system according to claim 6, characterized in that The on-board controller (90) reduces the speed at which the hydrogen enters the on-board hydrogen storage system when the tail end temperature is greater than a second preset temperature; The on-board controller (90) stops the hydrogen from entering the on-board hydrogen storage system when the tail end temperature is greater than a third preset temperature; The third preset temperature is greater than the second preset temperature, the second preset temperature is greater than the first preset temperature, and the onboard controller (90) is connected to the ground hydrogen refueling system via a wireless network.

8. A locomotive hydrogen refueling equipment, characterized in that: The device comprises: Ground hydrogenation system; The locomotive onboard hydrogen storage system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the ground hydrogen refueling system is connected to the locomotive onboard hydrogen storage system; The ground hydrogenation system comprises a gas source (101) and a compressor (102), and the hydrogen in the gas source (101) passes through the compressor (102) and then enters the locomotive onboard hydrogen storage system.

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