Core charging system and method for fusion device using electromagnetic track to accelerate projectile

Abstract

The present invention discloses a core charging system and method for fusion devices using electromagnetic rail accelerated projectiles, and specifically relates to a new method and device for using the electromagnetic rail accelerated plasma principle to push projectiles to run at high speed and for core charging of future large-scale fusion devices, including: rail gun, water-cooled coil, rail gun cabin, inflation system, photomultiplier tube device, projectile injection system, pulse power supply, pulse laser, magnetic probe; using the projectile injection system in conjunction with inflation, ionized gas generates plasma in the rail gun to propel the projectile into the core of the magnetic confinement fusion device, so that the magnetic confinement fusion device maintains fusion reaction conditions. Compared with the current projectile injection system of fusion reactor devices, the present invention has a higher projectile injection speed and higher charging efficiency, which greatly improves the possibility of steady-state operation of fusion reactors.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of plasma acceleration and controlled nuclear fusion plasma research, and in particular relates to a core feeding system and method for accelerating a projectile using an electromagnetic track, which is applicable to a fusion device. Background Art

[0002] Magnetic confinement fusion devices require a high-speed, efficient, and reliable fueling system to allow pellets to pass through the plasma edge layer and into the high-temperature core. Therefore, deep reactor fueling technology is a key issue that has attracted considerable attention. However, conventional pellet injection methods face many challenges. First, the fueling efficiency must be guaranteed, that is, sufficient pellet velocity must be maintained to allow the pellets to enter the core before melting, while a sufficient injection frequency is required to ensure the continuity of the fueling process. Second, the reactor must be kept free of harmful impurities during the pellet injection process, otherwise bremsstrahlung losses can easily affect plasma formation and stability. Finally, the edge localized modes caused by pellet injection must be effectively suppressed.

[0003] The main methods of charging the ITER device, both currently and in the future, include conventional inflation, supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI), and pellet injection. Conventional inflation has a response time exceeding 0.2 seconds and is slow. Supersonic molecular beam injection (SMBI) generates a supersonic molecular beam (SMBI) at speeds between 400 and 1200 m / s, with particle deposition occurring 3 to 8 cm within the outermost magnetic surface (under ohmic discharge). The SMBI delay time is 2 to 6 ms. Pellets are injected into the plasma using a gas-propelled pellet injection system. The existing pellet injection method has significantly insufficient pellet speeds (1 km / s) and injection frequencies (1 Hz).

[0004] Therefore, in order to address the problem of insufficient fueling efficiency of large magnetic confinement devices using the current pellet injection method, and to meet the requirements of actual fusion reactors for core fuel addition, it is urgent to propose a device and method that can significantly improve the tokamak fueling efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a core feeding system and method for fusion devices using electromagnetic track acceleration projectiles, which is used to solve the problem of insufficient core feeding efficiency in large magnetic confinement fusion reactors and meet the requirements of actual fusion reactors for core fuel addition.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A core feeding system for a fusion device using an electromagnetic track to accelerate a projectile includes a rail gun, a first water-cooling coil, a second water-cooling coil, a rail gun cabin, an inflation system, a photomultiplier tube device, a projectile injection system, a pulse power supply, a pulse laser, and a magnetic probe; one end of the projectile injection system is closely connected to the inflation system; the photomultiplier tube device is connected between the projectile injection system and the rail gun; the magnetic probe is placed in the magnetic probe placement port and is used to measure the speed of the projectile accelerated by the track to achieve measurement and control of the projectile speed; the left side of the inflation system connection port is connected to the inflation system , connected to the projectile injection system on the top, connected to the rail gun cabin on the right, the magnetic probe placement port on the left side of the cabin body, and the cabin body is connected to the vacuum system; the rail gun is an acceleration and propulsion device for the projectile, and the first insulator, the second insulator, the first conductor, and the second conductor constitute the barrel; the barrel is a hollow cylindrical structure as a whole, and a vacuum exhaust device is also installed at the end of the barrel; the first reinforcement rail and the second reinforcement rail are placed on both sides of the rail gun track and fixed by the track support structure; the first water-cooling coil and the second water-cooling coil are respectively placed above and below the rail gun track and fixed by the track support structure.

[0008] Furthermore, the rail gun is formed into a sealed hole structure by a tungsten-copper alloy rail and a ceramic rail.

[0009] Furthermore, the first and second water-cooled coils are used to generate a magnetic field of more than 2T, and the track support structure made of insulating material ensures that the track will not vibrate.

[0010] Furthermore, the projectile injection frequency can reach 50 Hz; the projectile speed can reach 5 km / s and above.

[0011] Furthermore, the track support structure includes a first track support structure, a second track support structure, a third track support structure and a fourth track support structure; the first track support structure and the second track support structure are combined to fix the first water-cooling coil, the second track support structure and the third track support structure fix the rail gun rail, the first reinforced rail and the second reinforced rail, the first reinforced rail and the second reinforced rail are placed on both sides of the rail gun rail, and the third track support structure and the fourth track support structure fix the second water-cooling coil.

[0012] Furthermore, the first insulator and the second insulator are relatively fixed, and the first guide rail and the second guide rail are relatively fixed, and form a columnar structure together with the first insulator and the second insulator.

[0013] The present invention also provides a charging method for a core charging system of a fusion device using an electromagnetic track to accelerate a projectile, which specifically comprises the following steps:

[0014] Step 1: According to the charging requirements of the fusion reactor device, first, pellets are placed in the charging chamber through the pellet injection system, the injection frequency of the pellets is determined, and the pellets in the charging chamber are filled;

[0015] Step 2: Open the fast-response piezoelectric valve and apply atmospheric pressure through the inflation system to accelerate the projectile to 100 m / s;

[0016] Step 3: The projectile passes through a photomultiplier tube device, which includes a first photomultiplier tube and a second photomultiplier tube, which are 10 cm apart. The first photomultiplier tube is blocked first, and the projectile continues to pass. The second photomultiplier tube is blocked and outputs a low-level signal and simultaneously triggers the ignition laser, igniting the plasma. The time control accuracy is less than 10 microseconds.

[0017] Step 4: In the rail gun, the plasma accelerates and pushes the projectile to accelerate. An array of magnetic probes is placed next to the track. The speed of the projectile accelerated by the track is measured through signal delay to achieve projectile speed measurement and system status monitoring. The projectile obtains a speed of 5 km / s or higher at the end of the track and enters the plasma core position.

[0018] Furthermore, the plasma is composed of a collection of ions, electrons and non-ionized neutral particles, and is in a neutral material state as a whole.

[0019] Furthermore, the core charging is to deliver the fuel required for plasma discharge into the core area of ​​the plasma in an accelerated manner.

[0020] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0021] This invention utilizes a novel electromagnetic rail propulsion system. Compared to current pellet injection systems for fusion reactors, it offers higher pellet injection speeds and greater efficiency, significantly improving the potential for stable fusion reactor operation. This system can be implemented through programmable control and possesses a degree of intelligence, making it well-suited for future fusion reactors. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a core charging system for a fusion device utilizing electromagnetic track acceleration for projectiles according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rail gun proposed by the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 An exploded view of the rail gun proposed for this invention;

[0025] Figure 4 An enlarged view of part A of the rail gun proposed in the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 A side sectional view of a core charging system for a fusion device utilizing electromagnetic track acceleration of projectiles according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6a , Figure 6b , Figure 6c It is a principle diagram of the present invention; wherein, Figure 6a Schematic diagram of projectile injection into rail gun. Figure 6b The diagram of the inflation system is shown below. Figure 6c Schematic diagram of laser ignition acceleration of projectile.

[0028] In the figure: 1-projectile injection system, 11-projectile injection port, 12-inflating system connection port, 2-rail gun cabin, 21-pulse laser port, 22-magnetic probe placement port, 23-cabin cover, 24-cabin body, 25-vacuum system, 3-rail gun, 31-rail gun track, 311-first insulator, 312-second insulator, 313-first guide rail, 314-second guide rail, 315-gun barrel, 32-first water cooling coil, 33 -Second water-cooling coil, 34-track support structure, 341-first track support structure, 342-second track support structure, 343-third track support structure, 344-fourth track support structure, 35-first enhancement track, 36-second enhancement track, 4-photomultiplier tube device, 41-first photomultiplier tube, 42-second photomultiplier tube, 5-magnetic probe, 6-ignition laser, 7-projectile, 8-piezoelectric valve, 9-inflation system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The accompanying drawings and description of the present invention are used to explain the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of use of the present invention.

[0030] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 6aAs shown, the present invention provides a core feeding system for a fusion device using electromagnetic rail acceleration for projectiles. The system comprises a projectile injection system 1, a railgun housing 2, a railgun 3, a photomultiplier tube assembly 4, a magnetic probe 5, a first water-cooling coil 32, a second water-cooling coil 33, an air charging system 9, a pulsed power supply, and a pulsed laser. One end of the projectile injection system 1 is tightly connected to the air charging system 9; the photomultiplier tube assembly 4 is connected between the projectile injection system 1 and the railgun 3. The magnetic probe 5 is placed in the magnetic probe placement port 22 and is used to measure the velocity of the projectile during rail acceleration, thereby enabling projectile velocity measurement and control. The air charging system connection port 12 is connected to the air charging system 9 on the left, the projectile injection port 11 on the top, and the railgun housing 2 on the right. The housing cover 23 and the housing body 24 form the railgun housing 2. The left side of the housing body 24 is the magnetic probe placement port 22, which is connected to the vacuum system 25. The railgun 3 is constructed of a sealed, hole-like structure made of tungsten-copper alloy rails and ceramic rails.

[0031] See attached Figure 2-4 The rail gun 3 is a device for accelerating and propelling projectiles. The first insulator 311, the second insulator 312, the first guide rail 313, and the second guide rail 314 form a barrel 315. The barrel 315 is a hollow cylindrical structure, and a vacuum pumping device is also installed at the end of the barrel 315. The first reinforcement rail 35 and the second reinforcement rail 36 are placed on both sides of the rail gun track 31 and are fixed by the track support structure 34. The first water-cooling coil 32 and the second water-cooling coil 33 are respectively placed above and below the rail gun track 31 and are fixed by the track support structure 34.

[0032] The first water-cooling coil 32 and the second water-cooling coil 33 are used to generate a magnetic field of more than 2 T. The track support structure 34 made of insulating material ensures that all tracks will not vibrate.

[0033] like Figure 3 As shown, the track support structure 34 includes a first track support structure 341, a second track support structure 342, a third track support structure 343, and a fourth track support structure 344. The first track support structure 341 and the second track support structure 342 are combined to fix the first water-cooling coil 32. The second track support structure 342 and the third track support structure 343 fix the rail gun rail 31, the first reinforcement rail 35, and the second reinforcement rail 36. The first reinforcement rail 35 and the second reinforcement rail 36 are placed on both sides of the rail gun rail 31. The third track support structure 343 and the fourth track support structure 344 fix the second water-cooling coil 33.

[0034] like Figure 4As shown, the first insulator 311 and the second insulator 312 are relatively fixed, and the first guide rail 313 and the second guide rail 314 are relatively fixed, and form a columnar structure together with the first insulator 311 and the second insulator 312 .

[0035] The core charging system of the present invention, which is suitable for a fusion device and utilizes an electromagnetic track to accelerate a projectile, utilizes a laser to ionize a neutral gas and generate plasma. The plasma serves as an armature and maintains arc plasma under the action of an external high voltage and generates a large current. The plasma is accelerated under the combined action of an external coil and the electromagnetic force generated by the system itself, and then the projectile is propelled to achieve a projectile speed of 5 km / s or above. Once the projectile is launched out of the trajectory, it can enter the fusion reactor device, completing the core charging process, thereby replenishing the plasma in the fusion reactor device and achieving the conditions for maintaining the fusion reaction.

[0036] like Figure 5 , Figure 6a , Figure 6b , Figure 6c As shown, the charging method of the core charging system using electromagnetic track acceleration projectiles applicable to the fusion device specifically includes the following steps:

[0037] Step 1: According to the charging requirements of the fusion reactor device, firstly, the pellets 7 are placed in the charging chamber through the pellet injection port 11 in the pellet injection system 1, and the injection frequency of the pellets 7 is determined to complete the filling of the pellets 7 in the charging chamber, such as Figure 6a As shown;

[0038] Step 2: Open the fast-response piezoelectric valve 8 and apply nitrogen gas at one atmosphere pressure through the inflation system 9 through the inflation system connection port 12 to accelerate the projectile 7 to 100 m / s;

[0039] Step 3: The pellet 7 passes through the photomultiplier tube device 4 in the cabin body 24. The photomultiplier tube device 4 includes a first photomultiplier tube 41 and a second photomultiplier tube 42, which are 10 cm apart. The first photomultiplier tube 41 is blocked first, and the pellet 7 continues to pass. The second photomultiplier tube 42 is blocked, outputting a low-level signal and simultaneously triggering the ignition laser 6 connected to the cabin cover 23, igniting the plasma. The time control accuracy is less than 10 microseconds, as shown in FIG. Figure 6b As shown;

[0040] Step 4: In the rail gun 3, the first rail 313, the second rail 314, the first reinforcement rail 35, and the second reinforcement rail 36 are in series, and these rails are fixed by the rail support structure 34. Power is supplied to the first rail 313, and plasma is generated by laser ignition and acts as a conductor. Current flows to the second rail 314, the first reinforcement rail 35, and the second reinforcement rail 36. The strong current flows through several parallel rails. At the same time, the first water-cooled coil 32 and the second water-cooled coil 33 are connected to current, generating a strong magnetic field between the first rail 313 and the second rail 314. The magnetic field interacts with the plasma, generating a strong electromagnetic force to propel the projectile 7, accelerating the projectile 7, as shown in FIG. Figure 6c An array of magnetic probes 5 is placed beside the track to measure the velocity of the projectile 7 accelerated by the track through signal delay to achieve projectile velocity measurement and system status monitoring. The projectile 7 reaches a velocity of 5 km / s or higher at the end of the track and enters the plasma core.

[0041] The present invention has been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Various modifications can be made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Any content not described in detail in the present invention may be adapted from existing technologies.

Claims

1. A core feeding system for a fusion device using an electromagnetic track to accelerate a projectile, characterized in that: It includes a rail gun, a first water-cooling coil, a second water-cooling coil, a rail gun cabin, an inflation system, a photomultiplier tube device, a pellet injection system, a pulse power supply, a pulse laser and a magnetic probe; one end of the pellet injection system is closely connected to the inflation system; the photomultiplier tube device is connected between the pellet injection system and the rail gun; the magnetic probe is placed at the magnetic probe placement port, which is used to measure the speed of the projectile accelerated by the track to achieve the measurement and control of the projectile speed; the inflation system connection port is connected to the inflation system on the left, the pellet injection system on the top, and the rail gun cabin on the right, the left side of the cabin body is the magnetic probe placement port, and the cabin body is connected to the vacuum system; the rail gun is an acceleration and pushing device for the projectile, and the first insulator, the second insulator and the first conductor and the second conductor constitute a gun barrel; the gun barrel is a hollow cylindrical structure as a whole, and a vacuum exhaust device is also installed at the end of the gun barrel; A first reinforcement rail and a second reinforcement rail are placed on either side of the rail gun barrel and secured by a rail support structure; The first water-cooling coil and the second water-cooling coil are respectively placed above and below the rail of the rail gun and fixed by the rail supporting structure.

2. A core feeding system for a fusion device using an electromagnetic track to accelerate a projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rail gun is formed of a sealed hole structure by a tungsten-copper alloy rail and a ceramic rail.

3. A core feeding system for a fusion device using an electromagnetic track to accelerate a projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first and second water-cooled coils are used to generate a magnetic field of more than 2T, and the track support structure made of insulating material ensures that the track will not vibrate.

4. A core feeding system for a fusion device using an electromagnetic track to accelerate a projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that: The projectile injection frequency can reach 50 Hz; the projectile speed can reach 5 km / s and above.

5. A core feeding system for fusion device using electromagnetic track to accelerate projectiles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The track support structure includes a first track support structure, a second track support structure, a third track support structure and a fourth track support structure; The first track support structure and the second track support structure are combined to fix the first water-cooling coil, the second track support structure and the third track support structure fix the rail gun track, the first reinforced track, and the second reinforced track. The first reinforced track and the second reinforced track are placed on both sides of the rail gun track, and the third track support structure and the fourth track support structure fix the second water-cooling coil.

6. A core feeding system for fusion device using electromagnetic track to accelerate projectiles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first insulator is fixed relatively to the second insulator, the first guide rail is fixed relatively to the second guide rail, and forms a columnar structure with the first insulator and the second insulator.

7. A method for feeding a core feeding system of a fusion device using an electromagnetic track to accelerate a projectile according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The specific steps include: Step 1: According to the charging requirements of the fusion reactor device, firstly, the pellets are placed in the charging chamber through the pellet injection system, the injection frequency of the pellets is determined, and the filling of the pellets in the charging chamber is completed; Step 2: Open the fast response piezoelectric valve and apply one atmosphere of pressure through the inflation system to accelerate the projectile to 100 m / s; Step 3: The pellet passes through a photomultiplier tube device, which includes a first photomultiplier tube and a second photomultiplier tube, which are 10 cm apart. The first photomultiplier tube is blocked first, and the pellet continues to pass through. The second photomultiplier tube is blocked, outputs a low-level signal and triggers the ignition laser at the same time, and the plasma is ignited. The time control accuracy is less than 10 microseconds. Step 4: In the rail gun, the plasma accelerates and drives the projectile to accelerate. An array of magnetic probes is placed next to the track. The speed of the projectile accelerated by the track is measured through signal delay to achieve projectile speed measurement and system status monitoring. The projectile obtains a speed of 5 km / s or higher at the end of the track and enters the plasma core position.

8. The feeding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The plasma is composed of a collection of ions, electrons and non-ionized neutral particles, and is in a neutral material state as a whole.

9. The feeding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The core charging is to deliver the fuel required for plasma discharge into the core area of ​​the plasma in an accelerated manner.

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