Method of beam training, communication method and terminal device

Abstract

The application provides a beam training method, a communication method and a terminal device. The terminal device comprises an antenna array and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array, and the antenna array is used to form a plurality of beams with different directions. The beam training method comprises: communicating with a first network device by using the plurality of beams formed by the antenna array through the antenna array corresponding to a historical direction, so as to perform a first beam scanning; determining a first beam from the plurality of beams formed by the antenna array according to a result of the first beam scanning; rotating the antenna array to a first direction by the rotating component, so that a direction of a normal beam of the antenna array corresponds to a direction of the first beam before the antenna array is rotated to the first direction; and communicating with the first network device by using the normal beam of the antenna array through the antenna array corresponding to the first direction. The scheme provided by the application is beneficial to reducing the time length of the beam training.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication and electronic devices, and more particularly, to a beam training method, a communication method and a terminal device. BACKGROUND

[0002] A terminal device and a network device (e.g., a base station) can interact signals through beams. Before the terminal device and the network device interact data, the terminal device and the network device can perform beam training, so that the communication quality between the terminal device and the network device can be relatively good. The terminal device and the network device perform beam training, which can include the terminal device finding a beam of the terminal device for the network device, and the network device finding a beam of the network device for the terminal device. If the time length of the beam training is too long, the communication efficiency between the terminal device and the network device can be reduced, and thus the user can need to wait for a long time to normally use the function of the terminal device. SUMMARY

[0003] The present application provides a beam training method, a communication method and a terminal device, which aims to reduce the time length of the beam training, and thus is beneficial to improve the communication efficiency between the terminal device and the network device, and reduce the time length that the user needs to wait to normally use the function of the terminal device.

[0004] In a first aspect, a beam training method is provided, which is applied to a terminal device, the terminal device comprising a first antenna module, the first antenna module comprising an antenna array and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array, the antenna array being configured to form a plurality of beams with different directions; the method comprising:

[0005] The terminal device uses the plurality of beams formed by the antenna array corresponding to the historical orientation to communicate with a first network device to perform a first beam sweep;

[0006] The terminal device determines a first beam from the plurality of beams formed by the antenna array according to the result of the first beam sweep;

[0007] The terminal device rotates the antenna array to a first orientation by the rotating component, so that the orientation of the normal beam of the antenna array corresponds to the orientation of the first beam before the antenna array is rotated to the first orientation;

[0008] The terminal device uses the normal beam of the antenna array corresponding to the first orientation to communicate with the first network device.

[0009] The beam power of the normal beam of the antenna array is relatively strong, and thus the performance of the normal beam of the antenna array is generally better than that of other beams formed by the antenna array from the perspective of the terminal device. However, it can be learned from the result of the first beam scanning that the performance of the first beam is relatively better among the multiple beams formed by the antenna array. That is, when the position corresponding to the antenna array is adjusted slightly, the matching degree of the normal beam of the antenna array and the beam of the first network device is improved, and thus the reliability of the antenna array in receiving the signal from the first network device is improved, and the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device is improved.

[0010] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the method further includes:

[0011] The terminal device determines an angle at which the rotating component rotates the antenna array to the first position according to the angle between the first beam and the normal beam of the antenna array.

[0012] The terminal device can store, for example, the identifiers of the multiple beams formed by the antenna array, and the angle between each beam and the normal beam of the antenna array. Assuming that the included angle between the first beam and the normal beam of the antenna array is A, the position of the normal beam of the antenna array needs to be rotated by an angle A along a target direction to the position of the first beam. Then the terminal device can rotate the antenna array by the angle A along the target direction, so as to adjust the position corresponding to the antenna array from the historical position to the first position.

[0013] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first beam satisfies at least one of the following:

[0014] The terminal device completes a random access procedure using the first beam;

[0015] The communication score corresponding to the first beam is higher than a first preset score.

[0016] The terminal device can communicate with the first network device using the first beam. If the communication quality is relatively high, the difference between the historical position and the real optimal position of the antenna array can be relatively small, which means that the terminal device has a certain probability of communicating with the first network device at a relatively high quality.

[0017] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the communication score corresponding to the first beam is determined according to at least one of the following:

[0018] The reference signal received power (RSRP), the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the spectrum utilization, and the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) corresponding to the first beam.

[0019] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0020] The terminal device determines a ratio of a number of uplink time slots to a number of downlink time slots in a target time period according to the communication score corresponding to the first beam.

[0021] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the method further includes:

[0022] The terminal device uses the normal beam of the antenna array to communicate with the first network device for performing a second beam sweep, for each of the multiple positions around the first position, by rotating the antenna array to the multiple positions around the first position through the rotating component;

[0023] The terminal device determines a second position from the multiple positions according to a result of the second beam sweep;

[0024] The terminal device uses the normal beam of the antenna array to communicate with the first network device through the antenna array corresponding to the second position.

[0025] In a case where the antenna array corresponds to the first position, the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device can be relatively optimal. The beam power of the normal beam of the antenna array is relatively strong, and thus the performance of the normal beam of the antenna array is generally better than that of other beams formed by the antenna array from the perspective of the terminal device. There is a possible case that the normal beam of the antenna array can achieve better performance in other positions. The terminal device can perform a beam sweep around the first position using the normal beam of the antenna array to determine whether the antenna array can correspond to a better position.

[0026] Optionally, any position of the multiple positions is less than or equal to 45°, for example, 30°, from the azimuth angle of the first position. The azimuth angle of any position of the multiple positions from the azimuth angle of the first position can be related to the antenna array surface.

[0027] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the terminal device uses the normal beam of the antenna array to communicate with the first network device through the antenna array corresponding to the first position, including:

[0028] The terminal device uses multiple beams formed by the antenna array to communicate with the first network device through the antenna array corresponding to the first position for performing the second beam sweep, the multiple beams formed by the antenna array including the normal beam of the antenna array;

[0029] The method further includes:

[0030] The terminal device determines the second beam from the multiple beams formed by the antenna array based on the result of the second beam scan.

[0031] The terminal device communicates with the first network device using the second beam through the antenna array corresponding to the first orientation.

[0032] With the antenna array aligned with the first azimuth, the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device can be relatively good. In some cases, the terminal device may not necessarily use the normal beam of the antenna array to communicate with the first network device, or may not necessarily use the optimal beam. In this situation, the terminal device can use a second beam scan to determine a relatively suitable beam for communication with the first network device, thereby improving the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device.

[0033] Optionally, the azimuth angle between any of the plurality of beams and the normal beam is less than or equal to 45°, for example, 30°.

[0034] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the step of the terminal device communicating with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array corresponding to the first orientation includes:

[0035] The terminal device communicates with the first network device using multiple beams formed by the antenna array corresponding to the first orientation, in order to perform the second beam scan. The multiple beams formed by the antenna array include the normal beam of the antenna array.

[0036] The method further includes:

[0037] The terminal device determines the second beam from the multiple beams formed by the antenna array based on the result of the second beam scan.

[0038] The terminal device rotates the antenna array to a second position via the rotating component, so that the azimuth of the normal beam of the antenna array corresponds to the azimuth of the second beam before the antenna array is rotated to the second position;

[0039] The terminal device communicates with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array corresponding to the second orientation.

[0040] When the antenna array is positioned in the first azimuth, the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device can be relatively superior. The antenna array has relatively strong beam power in its normal beam; therefore, from the perspective of the terminal device, the performance of the antenna array's normal beam is generally better than the performance of other beams formed by the antenna array. However, according to the results of the second beam scan, among the multiple beams formed by the antenna array, the second beam has relatively superior performance. In other words, when the antenna array is positioned in the first azimuth, the antenna array's normal beam is not a relatively superior beam compared to the second beam. Slightly adjusting the azimuth of the antenna array can improve the matching degree between the antenna array's normal beam and the beam of the first network device, thereby improving the reliability of the antenna array receiving incoming waves from the first network device and ultimately improving the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device.

[0041] In conjunction with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the historical location satisfies at least one of the following:

[0042] The historical azimuth is the azimuth most recently used by the antenna array;

[0043] The historical azimuth refers to the azimuth where the antenna array uses the highest frequency.

[0044] Optionally, the method further includes: the terminal device determining the historical orientation from the orientation of the antenna array most recently used and the orientation of the antenna array with the highest frequency of use.

[0045] Historical azimuth can be the most recently used azimuth of the antenna array. When the azimuth of the antenna array changes, such as when the location of the terminal device moves, the historical azimuth of the antenna array can be updated in real time, making it easier for the terminal device to quickly complete the beam training process in the new location.

[0046] Historical azimuth can be the most frequently used azimuth of the antenna array. Due to unforeseen circumstances other than location changes, the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device may degrade. In this case, the terminal device can retrain its beam to find a relatively optimal beam. Although the azimuth of the antenna array has changed, it does not mean that the azimuth of the antenna array is no longer suitable for communication between the terminal device and the first network device. Therefore, setting the most frequently used azimuth of the antenna array as the historical azimuth helps to reduce the impact of sudden changes on the terminal device's ability to quickly complete the beam training process.

[0047] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the method further includes:

[0048] When the antenna array currently corresponds to a third bit, the terminal device determines the communication fraction of the third beam, where the third beam is the beam currently used by the terminal device;

[0049] If the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score, and the duration for which the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score is less than the first preset duration, the terminal device uses the third beam to communicate with the first network device.

[0050] If the duration for which the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score is less than the first preset duration, it means that the communication quality of the terminal device using the third beam to communicate with the first network device is relatively poor for only a relatively short period of time. In this case, the terminal device can temporarily refrain from searching for a new beam and a new orientation. Combining the above example, even after the obstacle quickly disappears, the terminal device can still use the previously used beam and orientation to communicate with the first network device, thereby increasing the effective interaction between the terminal device and the first network device and improving the communication efficiency between them.

[0051] In conjunction with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the method further includes:

[0052] When the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score, and the continuous duration of the communication score of the third beam being lower than the second preset score is greater than the first preset duration and less than the second preset duration, the terminal device uses the antenna array corresponding to the third third position to communicate with the first network device using multiple beams formed by the antenna array to perform third beam scanning, where the second preset duration is greater than the first preset duration.

[0053] The terminal device determines a fourth beam based on the result of the third beam scan, and the fourth beam is either the receiving beam or the transmitting beam of the terminal device.

[0054] If the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score, it means that the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device using the third beam is relatively poor. If the duration for which the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score is greater than the first preset duration, it means that the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device using the third beam is relatively poor for a certain period of time. If the terminal device consistently uses the third beam to interact with the first network device for a period of time, it may affect the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device. Therefore, the terminal device can search for new beams within a relatively small range. Searching for new beams within a small range helps reduce the time spent on beam scanning or beam training, thereby increasing the effective interaction between the terminal device and the first network device and improving the communication efficiency between them.

[0055] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0056] If the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score, and the duration for which the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score is greater than the second preset duration, the terminal device rotates the antenna array to a fourth position via the rotating component.

[0057] The terminal device communicates with the first network device using multiple beams formed by the antenna array corresponding to the fourth position to perform a fourth beam scan, wherein the fourth position is different from the third position.

[0058] The terminal device determines the fifth beam based on the result of the fourth beam scan, and the fifth beam is the receiving beam or transmitting beam of the terminal device.

[0059] Secondly, a communication method is provided, the communication method being applied to a terminal device, the terminal device including a first antenna module and a second antenna module, the first antenna module including an antenna array and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array, the antenna array being used to form multiple beams with different directions, the second antenna module including multiple antennas, the multiple antennas including the first antenna and the second antenna; the method includes:

[0060] The terminal device communicates with the first network device through the antenna array;

[0061] The terminal device communicates with the second network device through the first antenna;

[0062] In the event of mutual interference between the first antenna module and the second antenna module, the terminal device uses the second antenna to communicate with the second network device, and the distance between the second antenna and the antenna array is greater than the distance between the first antenna and the antenna array.

[0063] To reduce interference between the first and second antenna modules, the terminal device can adjust the operating antenna of the second antenna module. The terminal device can also select an antenna relatively far from the antenna array to communicate with the second network device. Compared to the first antenna, the distance between the second antenna and the antenna array can be relatively greater, thus reducing interference between them. This improves communication quality between the terminal device and both the first and second network devices.

[0064] Thirdly, a communication method is provided, the communication method being applied to a terminal device, the terminal device including a first antenna module and a second antenna module, the first antenna module including an antenna array and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array, the antenna array being used to form multiple beams with different directions, the second antenna module including multiple antennas, the multiple antennas including the first antenna; the method includes:

[0065] The terminal device rotates the antenna array via the rotating component, enabling the terminal device to communicate with the first network device in the plurality of directions via the antenna array;

[0066] The terminal device determines a plurality of communication scores that correspond one-to-one with the plurality of directions. The plurality of communication scores include a communication score for the fifth direction and a communication score for the sixth direction. The communication score for the fifth direction is higher than the other communication scores among the plurality of communication scores except for the communication score for the fifth direction.

[0067] The terminal device communicates with the first network device using the sixth beam via the antenna array corresponding to the fifth position.

[0068] The terminal device uses the first antenna to communicate with the second network device;

[0069] When the antenna array corresponds to the fifth position and there is mutual interference between the first antenna module and the second antenna module, the terminal device communicates with the first network device using the seventh beam through the antenna array corresponding to the sixth position.

[0070] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the method further includes:

[0071] To reduce interference between the first antenna module and the second antenna module, the terminal device can adjust the orientation of the antenna array to increase the distance between the antenna array and the first antenna. This can help reduce interference between the first antenna module and the second antenna module, thereby improving the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device, as well as the communication quality between the terminal device and the second network device.

[0072] The terminal device determines the identifier of the seventh beam based on the azimuth angle between the fifth and sixth directions and the identifier of the sixth beam.

[0073] Optionally, the orientation of the seventh beam is the same as or similar to the orientation of the sixth beam when the antenna array corresponds to the fifth orientation.

[0074] In conjunction with the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the method further includes:

[0075] When the antenna array corresponds to the sixth position and there is mutual interference between the first antenna module and the second antenna module, the terminal device uses the second antenna in the second antenna module to communicate with the second network device, and the distance between the second antenna and the antenna array is greater than the distance between the first antenna and the antenna array.

[0076] Fourthly, a communication method is provided, the communication method being applied to a terminal device, the terminal device including a first antenna module, the first antenna module including an antenna array, and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array, the antenna array being used to form multiple beams with different directions; the method includes:

[0077] When the antenna array currently corresponds to a third bit, the terminal device determines the communication fraction of the third beam, where the third beam is the beam currently used by the terminal device;

[0078] If the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score, and the duration for which the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score is less than the first preset duration, the terminal device uses the third beam to communicate with the first network device.

[0079] In conjunction with the fourth aspect, in some implementations of the fourth aspect, the method further includes:

[0080] When the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score, and the continuous duration of the communication score of the third beam being lower than the second preset score is greater than the first preset duration and less than the second preset duration, the terminal device uses the antenna array corresponding to the third third position to communicate with the first network device using multiple beams formed by the antenna array to perform third beam scanning, where the second preset duration is greater than the first preset duration.

[0081] The terminal device determines a fourth beam based on the result of the third beam scan, and the fourth beam is either the receiving beam or the transmitting beam of the terminal device.

[0082] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0083] If the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score, and the duration for which the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score is greater than the second preset duration, the terminal device rotates the antenna array to a fourth position via the rotating component.

[0084] The terminal device communicates with the first network device using multiple beams formed by the antenna array corresponding to the fourth position to perform a fourth beam scan, wherein the fourth position is different from the third position.

[0085] The terminal device determines the fifth beam based on the result of the fourth beam scan, and the fifth beam is the receiving beam or transmitting beam of the terminal device.

[0086] Fifthly, a beam training method is provided, the method being applied to a terminal device, the terminal device including a first antenna module, the first antenna module including an antenna array and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array, the antenna array being used to form multiple beams with different directions; the method includes:

[0087] The terminal device rotates the antenna array to its historical orientation using the rotating component;

[0088] The terminal device communicates with the first network device using the first beam through the antenna array corresponding to the historical location.

[0089] When the antenna array corresponds to a historical azimuth, the communication quality between the terminal device and the network device may be relatively good. The terminal device communicating directly with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array is beneficial for improving the communication quality between the terminal device and the network device.

[0090] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in some implementations of the fifth aspect, the method further includes:

[0091] The terminal device reads the historical location information and the information of the first beam.

[0092] In conjunction with the fifth aspect, in some implementations of the fifth aspect, the first beam satisfies at least one of the following:

[0093] The first beam is the normal beam of the antenna array;

[0094] The first beam is the beam most recently used by the terminal device in the historical orientation of the antenna array;

[0095] The first beam is the beam with the highest frequency used by the terminal device in the historical orientation of the antenna array.

[0096] Optionally, the method further includes: when the antenna array corresponds to the historical azimuth, the terminal device determines the first beam from the normal beam of the antenna array, the beam most recently used by the terminal device, and the beam with the highest frequency of use by the terminal device.

[0097] The antenna array has relatively strong beam power in its normal beam, therefore the performance of the antenna array's normal beam may be superior to that of other beams formed by the antenna array. Given the antenna array's historical azimuth, the communication quality between the terminal device and the network device may be relatively good. The terminal device using the antenna array's normal beam to communicate directly with the first network device is beneficial for improving the communication quality between the terminal device and the network device.

[0098] The first beam can be the beam most recently used by the terminal device when the antenna array corresponds to its historical azimuth. When the azimuth or beam used by the terminal device changes, such as when the terminal device moves, the historical azimuth of the antenna array and the historical beams used by the terminal device can be updated in real time, facilitating the terminal device to quickly complete the beam training process in the new location.

[0099] The first beam can be the beam most frequently used by the terminal device under the historical azimuth of the antenna array. Due to sudden causes other than location changes, the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device may degrade. In this case, the terminal device can retrain its beam to find a relatively superior beam. Although the beam used by the terminal device has changed, it does not mean that the beam most frequently used by the terminal device is no longer suitable for communication between the terminal device and the first network device. Therefore, setting the beam used most frequently by the terminal device as the historical azimuth helps to reduce the impact of sudden changes on the terminal device's ability to quickly complete the beam training process.

[0100] Sixthly, a beam training method is provided, the method being applied to a terminal device, the terminal device including a first antenna module, the first antenna module including an antenna array and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array, the antenna array being used to form multiple beams with different directions; the method includes:

[0101] Using the antenna array corresponding to the historical orientation, the terminal device communicates with the first network device using multiple beams formed by the antenna array to perform a first beam scan;

[0102] The terminal device determines the first beam from the multiple beams formed by the antenna array based on the result of the first beam scan.

[0103] The terminal device uses the first beam to communicate with the first network device.

[0104] Given the historical orientation of the antenna array, the number of beams formed by the antenna array that can communicate with the first network device can be relatively large. To further improve the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device, the terminal device can perform a first beam scan to find the first beam from the multiple beams formed by the antenna array. This first beam can help to achieve relatively high communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device.

[0105] Optionally, the first beam satisfies at least one of the following:

[0106] The terminal device uses the first beam to complete the random access process;

[0107] The communication score corresponding to the first beam is higher than the first preset score.

[0108] The terminal device can communicate with the first network device using the first beam. If the communication quality is relatively high, the difference between the historical azimuth and the antenna array's true optimal azimuth can be relatively small, or even negligible. This helps reduce the beam training time for the terminal device.

[0109] Seventhly, a terminal device is provided, comprising:

[0110] A first antenna module, comprising an antenna array and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array, wherein the antenna array is used to form multiple beams with different directions;

[0111] The transceiver module is used to communicate with the first network device through the antenna array corresponding to the historical azimuth using multiple beams formed by the antenna array to perform a first beam scan;

[0112] The control module is used to determine the first beam from the plurality of beams formed by the antenna array based on the result of the first beam scanning.

[0113] The control module is further configured to rotate the antenna array to a first position via the rotating component, so that the azimuth of the normal beam of the antenna array corresponds to the azimuth of the first beam before the antenna array is rotated to the first position.

[0114] The transceiver module is further configured to communicate with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array corresponding to the first orientation.

[0115] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in some implementations of the seventh aspect, the control module is further configured to determine, based on the angle between the first beam and the normal beam of the antenna array, the angle by which the rotating component rotates the antenna array to a first azimuth.

[0116] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in some implementations of the seventh aspect, the first beam satisfies at least one of the following:

[0117] The transceiver module uses the first beam to complete the random access process;

[0118] The communication score corresponding to the first beam is higher than the first preset score.

[0119] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in certain implementations of the seventh aspect, the communication score corresponding to the first beam is determined according to at least one of the following:

[0120] The reference signal received power RSRP, signal-to-noise ratio SNR, spectral efficiency, and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio SINR corresponding to the first beam.

[0121] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in some implementations of the seventh aspect, the control module is further configured to rotate the antenna array to a plurality of locations around the first azimuth via the rotating component, such that the transceiver module communicates with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array for each of the plurality of azimuth locations to perform a second beam scan.

[0122] The control module is further configured to determine a second orientation from the plurality of orientations based on the result of the second beam scanning;

[0123] The transceiver module is further configured to communicate with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array corresponding to the second orientation.

[0124] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in some implementations of the seventh aspect, the transceiver module is specifically used to communicate with the first network device using multiple beams formed by the antenna array corresponding to the first orientation, so as to perform the second beam scanning, wherein the multiple beams formed by the antenna array include the normal beam of the antenna array;

[0125] The control module is further configured to determine the second beam from the plurality of beams formed by the antenna array based on the result of the second beam scanning.

[0126] The transceiver module is further configured to communicate with the first network device using the second beam through the antenna array corresponding to the first orientation.

[0127] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in some implementations of the seventh aspect, the transceiver module is specifically used to communicate with the first network device using multiple beams formed by the antenna array corresponding to the first orientation, so as to perform the second beam scanning, wherein the multiple beams formed by the antenna array include the normal beam of the antenna array;

[0128] The control module is further configured to determine the second beam from the plurality of beams formed by the antenna array based on the result of the second beam scanning.

[0129] The control module is further configured to rotate the antenna array to a second position via the rotating component, so that the azimuth of the normal beam of the antenna array corresponds to the azimuth of the second beam before the antenna array is rotated to the second position;

[0130] The transceiver module is further configured to communicate with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array corresponding to the second orientation.

[0131] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in certain implementations of the seventh aspect, the historical orientation satisfies at least one of the following:

[0132] The historical azimuth is the azimuth most recently used by the antenna array;

[0133] The historical azimuth refers to the azimuth where the antenna array uses the highest frequency.

[0134] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in some implementations of the seventh aspect, the control module is further configured to determine the communication fraction of the third beam when the antenna array currently corresponds to a third bit, wherein the third beam is the beam currently used by the transceiver module;

[0135] The transceiver module is further configured to communicate with the first network device using the third beam when the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score and the continuous duration for which the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score is less than the first preset duration.

[0136] In conjunction with the seventh aspect, in some implementations of the seventh aspect, the transceiver module is further configured to, when the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score, and the continuous duration for which the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score is greater than the first preset duration and less than the second preset duration, communicate with the first network device using multiple beams formed by the antenna array corresponding to the third third bit, so as to perform a third beam scan, wherein the second preset duration is greater than the first preset duration;

[0137] The control module is further configured to determine a fourth beam based on the result of the third beam scan, wherein the fourth beam is the receiving beam or the transmitting beam of the terminal device.

[0138] Eighthly, a terminal device is provided, comprising:

[0139] A first antenna module, comprising an antenna array and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array, wherein the antenna array is used to form multiple beams with different directions;

[0140] The second antenna module includes multiple antennas, including a first antenna and a second antenna.

[0141] The transceiver module is used to communicate with the first network device through the antenna array;

[0142] The transceiver module is also used to communicate with a second network device via the first antenna;

[0143] The transceiver module is further configured to communicate with the second network device using the second antenna when there is mutual interference between the first antenna module and the second antenna module, wherein the distance between the second antenna and the antenna array is greater than the distance between the first antenna and the antenna array.

[0144] Ninthly, a terminal device is provided, comprising:

[0145] A first antenna module, comprising an antenna array and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array, wherein the antenna array is used to form multiple beams with different directions;

[0146] The second antenna module includes multiple antennas, including a first antenna.

[0147] The control module is used to rotate the antenna array through the rotating component, so that the terminal device can communicate with the first network device in the plurality of directions through the antenna array;

[0148] The control module is further configured to determine a plurality of communication scores that correspond one-to-one with the plurality of directions, the plurality of communication scores including a communication score for the fifth direction and a communication score for the sixth direction, wherein the communication score for the fifth direction is higher than the other communication scores among the plurality of communication scores except for the communication score for the fifth direction.

[0149] A transceiver module is used to communicate with the first network device using a sixth beam through the antenna array corresponding to the fifth position;

[0150] The transceiver module is also used to communicate with the second network device using the first antenna;

[0151] The transceiver module is further configured to communicate with the first network device using a seventh beam through an antenna array corresponding to the sixth position, provided that the antenna array corresponds to the fifth position and there is mutual interference between the first antenna module and the second antenna module.

[0152] In conjunction with the ninth aspect, in some implementations of the ninth aspect, the control module is further configured to determine the identifier of the seventh beam based on the azimuth angle between the fifth and sixth directions and the identifier of the sixth beam.

[0153] In conjunction with the ninth aspect, in some implementations of the ninth aspect, the transceiver module is further configured to, when the antenna array corresponds to the sixth position and the first antenna module and the second antenna module interfere with each other, use the second antenna in the second antenna module to communicate with the second network device, wherein the distance between the second antenna and the antenna array is greater than the distance between the first antenna and the antenna array.

[0154] In a tenth aspect, a terminal device is provided, comprising:

[0155] A first antenna module, comprising an antenna array and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array, wherein the antenna array is used to form multiple beams with different directions;

[0156] The control module is used to determine the communication score of the third beam when the antenna array is currently corresponding to the third third bit, wherein the third beam is the beam currently used by the terminal device;

[0157] The transceiver module is configured to communicate with the first network device using the third beam when the communication score of the third beam is lower than a second preset score and the continuous duration for which the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score is less than a first preset duration.

[0158] In conjunction with the tenth aspect, in some implementations of the tenth aspect, the transceiver module is further configured to, when the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score, and the continuous duration for which the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score is greater than the first preset duration and less than the second preset duration, communicate with the first network device using multiple beams formed by the antenna array corresponding to the third third bit, so as to perform a third beam scan, wherein the second preset duration is greater than the first preset duration;

[0159] The control module is further configured to determine a fourth beam based on the result of the third beam scan, wherein the fourth beam is the receiving beam or the transmitting beam of the terminal device.

[0160] Eleventhly, a terminal device is provided, comprising:

[0161] A first antenna module, comprising an antenna array and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array, wherein the antenna array is used to form multiple beams with different directions;

[0162] The control module is used to rotate the antenna array to a historical orientation via the rotating component;

[0163] The transceiver module is used to communicate with a first network device using a first beam through the antenna array corresponding to the historical azimuth.

[0164] In conjunction with the eleventh aspect, in some implementations of the eleventh aspect, the control module is further configured to read the historical azimuth information and the information of the first beam.

[0165] In conjunction with aspect eleven, in some implementations of aspect eleven, the first beam satisfies at least one of the following:

[0166] The first beam is the normal beam of the antenna array;

[0167] The first beam is the beam most recently used by the terminal device in the historical orientation of the antenna array;

[0168] The first beam is the beam with the highest frequency used by the terminal device in the historical orientation of the antenna array.

[0169] In a twelfth aspect, a terminal device is provided, comprising:

[0170] A first antenna module, comprising an antenna array and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array, wherein the antenna array is used to form multiple beams with different directions;

[0171] The transceiver module is used to communicate with the first network device through the antenna array corresponding to the historical azimuth using multiple beams formed by the antenna array to perform a first beam scan;

[0172] The control module is used to determine the first beam from the plurality of beams formed by the antenna array based on the result of the first beam scanning.

[0173] The transceiver module is also used to communicate with the first network device using the first beam.

[0174] Optionally, the first beam satisfies at least one of the following:

[0175] The terminal device uses the first beam to complete the random access process;

[0176] The communication score corresponding to the first beam is higher than the first preset score.

[0177] In a thirteenth aspect, a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium is provided, including computer instructions that, when executed on an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the method of any one of the implementations of the first to sixth aspects described above.

[0178] In a fourteenth aspect, a computer program product containing instructions is provided, which, when run on an electronic device, causes the electronic device to perform the method in any one of the implementations of the first to sixth aspects described above. Attached Figure Description

[0179] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a communication scenario.

[0180] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of beam training.

[0181] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of beam training.

[0182] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of beam training.

[0183] Figure 5 This is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0184] Figure 6 This is a schematic flowchart of a beam training method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0185] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of beam training provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0186] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of beam training provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0187] Figure 9 This is a schematic flowchart of a beam training method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0188] Figure 10 This is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0189] Figure 11 This is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0190] Figure 12 This is a schematic flowchart of a communication method provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0191] Figure 13 This is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0192] The technical solutions in this application will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0193] The following is a detailed explanation of the terminology used in this application:

[0194] Beam:

[0195] A beam is a communication resource. Beams can be wide beams, narrow beams, or other types of beams. Beamforming techniques can be beamforming technology or other methods. Beamforming technology can specifically be digital beamforming, analog beamforming, or hybrid digital / analog beamforming. Different beams can be considered different resources. Optionally, multiple beams with the same or similar communication characteristics can be considered as a single beam. A transmitting beam can refer to the signal strength distribution in different directions of space after a signal is transmitted through an antenna, while a receiving beam can refer to the signal strength distribution in different directions of space of the wireless signal received from the antenna. In protocols, beams can correspond to spatial filters (or spatial domain filters), spatial domain transmission filters, spatial characteristic parameters, etc.

[0196] Beams can be divided into transmit and receive beams of network devices and transmit and receive beams of terminal devices. The beams of network devices can include both transmit and receive beams. The beams of terminal devices can include both transmit and receive beams. The transmit beam of a network device describes the beamforming information on the transmitting side of the network device, and the receive beam of a network device describes the beamforming information on the receiving side of the network device. The transmit beam of a terminal device describes the beamforming information on the transmitting side of the terminal device, and the receive beam of a terminal device describes the beamforming information on the receiving side of the terminal device. The receive beam can be equivalent to a spatial transmission filter, a spatial transmission filter, a spatial reception filter, and a spatial reception filter; the transmit beam can be equivalent to a spatial filter, a spatial transmission filter, a spatial transmission filter, and a spatial transmission filter. The receive beam on the terminal device side and the transmit beam on the network device side can be downlink spatial filters, and the transmit beam on the terminal device side and the receive beam on the network device side can be uplink spatial filters.

[0197] A beam can correspond to time resources and / or spatial resources and / or frequency domain resources. A beam can also correspond to reference signal resources (e.g., beamforming reference signal resources) or beamforming information. A beam can also correspond to information associated with reference signal resources of network devices. A beam can also correspond to spatial filters or spatial domain filters, and spatial domain transmission filters. The reference signal can be a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a synchronous signal / PBCH block (SSB), a demodulation reference signal (DMRS), a phase tracking reference signal (PTRS), a tracking reference signal (TRS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), etc. The information associated with the reference signal resource can be a reference signal resource identifier or quasi-collocation (QCL) information, etc. The identifier of the reference signal resource corresponds to a transmit / receive beam pair established when measuring the reference signal resource. The terminal can infer the beam information through the identifier of the reference signal resource.

[0198] Beam indication information:

[0199] Used to indicate the beam used for transmission, including the transmit beam and / or receive beam. This includes at least one of the following: beam number, beam management resource number, uplink signal resource number, downlink signal resource number, absolute index of the beam, relative index of the beam, logical index of the beam, index of the antenna port corresponding to the beam, index of the antenna port group corresponding to the beam, index of the downlink signal corresponding to the beam, time index of the downlink synchronization signal block corresponding to the beam, beam pair link (BPL) information, transmit parameters (Tx parameter) corresponding to the beam, receive parameters (Rx parameter) corresponding to the beam, transmit weight corresponding to the beam, weight matrix corresponding to the beam, weight vector corresponding to the beam, receive weight corresponding to the beam, index of transmit weight corresponding to the beam, index of weight matrix corresponding to the beam, index of weight vector corresponding to the beam, index of receive weight corresponding to the beam, receive codebook corresponding to the beam, transmit codebook corresponding to the beam, index of receive codebook corresponding to the beam, and index of transmit codebook corresponding to the beam. Downlink signals include synchronization signals, broadcast channels, broadcast signal demodulation signals, channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS), and cell specific reference signals. Uplink signals include any one of the following: uplink random access sequence, uplink probe reference signal, uplink control channel demodulation reference signal, uplink data channel demodulation reference signal, and uplink phase noise tracking signal.

[0200] Antenna port:

[0201] An antenna port, also simply called a port, is a transmitting antenna that is recognized by the receiving device, or a spatially distinguishable transmitting antenna. Each virtual antenna can be configured with one antenna port, and each virtual antenna can be a weighted combination of multiple physical antennas. Each antenna port can correspond to a reference signal port.

[0202] Antenna panel:

[0203] An antenna panel is one or more physical antennas (e.g., an antenna array) on a terminal device. When configuring resources for transmitting uplink signals for a terminal device, a network device can explicitly or implicitly indicate the antenna panel (panel ID) corresponding to that uplink signal, and the terminal device can use that antenna panel to transmit the uplink signal.

[0204] Both network devices and terminal devices can be equipped with at least one antenna panel. One antenna panel can correspond to an independent transmit link, including a power amplifier and a transmit channel. One antenna panel can also correspond to an independent receive link, including a power amplifier and a receive channel. The antenna panel used for transmitting signals and the antenna panel used for receiving signals can be the same antenna panel or different antenna panels. One antenna panel can generate multiple analog beams using a phase shifter. However, due to the working principle of the phase shifter, the analog beams generated by the same antenna panel cannot be used simultaneously; that is, multiple analog beams generated by one antenna panel can only be time-division multiplexed. However, the independent analog beams generated by multiple antenna panels can be used simultaneously; that is, multiple analog beams generated by multiple antenna panels can be frequency-division multiplexed. Multiple physical antennas in an antenna panel can also generate digital beams (e.g., precoders or precoding matrices). Digital beams can be frequency-division multiplexed or space-division multiplexed, meaning that an antenna panel containing multiple antennas can support multi-layer data transmission, and an orthogonal precoding matrix can be used to transmit multi-layer data. The multi-layered data can also be superimposed with analog beam transmission at high frequencies (that is, data is transmitted using a mixture of digital and analog beams).

[0205] It should be noted that as technology continues to develop, the terminology used in the embodiments of this application may change, but all of them are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0206] The technical solutions of this application embodiment can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) system, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, LTE Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system, LTE Time Division Duplex (TDD) system, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) system, 5th generation (5G) system or New Radio (NR) and other millimeter-wave communication systems, 6th generation (6G) system, etc.

[0207] The terminal equipment in this application embodiment can refer to user equipment, access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, user terminal, terminal, wireless communication equipment, user agent or user device, and customer premise equipment. The terminal equipment can also be a cellular phone, cordless phone, session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, wireless local loop (WLL) station, personal digital assistant (PDA), handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, vehicle-mounted device, wearable device, terminal equipment in a 5G network, or terminal equipment in an evolved public land mobile network (PLMN), etc., but this application embodiment does not limit this.

[0208] The network device in this application embodiment can be a device for communicating with terminal devices. The network device can be a base station (BTS) in a GSM or CDMA system, a base station (NodeB, NB) in a WCDMA system, an evolved NodeB (eNB or eNodeB) in an LTE system, or a radio controller in a cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenario. Alternatively, the network device can be a relay station, access point, vehicle-mounted device, wearable device, or a network device in a future 5G network or a network device in a future evolved PLMN network, etc. The embodiments of this application are not limited to these.

[0209] In some deployments, a gNB may include a centralized unit (CU) and a distribution unit (DU). A gNB may also include an active antenna unit (AAU). The CU implements some of the gNB's functions, and the DU implements others. For example, the CU handles non-real-time protocols and services, implementing radio resource control (RRC) and packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer functions. The DU handles physical layer protocols and real-time services, implementing radio link control (RLC), media access control (MAC), and physical (PHY) layer functions. The AAU implements some physical layer processing functions, radio frequency processing, and active antenna-related functions. Since RRC layer information ultimately becomes PHY layer information, or is derived from PHY layer information, in this architecture, higher-layer signaling, such as RRC layer signaling, can be considered to be sent by the DU, or by the DU+AAU. It is understood that network devices can be devices that include one or more of the following: CU nodes, DU nodes, and AAU nodes. In addition, the CU can be classified as a network device in the radio access network (RAN) or as a network device in the core network (CN), and this application does not limit this.

[0210] In this embodiment, the terminal device or network device includes a hardware layer, an operating system layer running on top of the hardware layer, and an application layer running on top of the operating system layer. The hardware layer includes hardware such as a central processing unit (CPU), a memory management unit (MMU), and memory (also called main memory). The operating system can be any one or more computer operating systems that implement business processing through processes, such as Linux, Unix, Android, iOS, or Windows. The application layer includes applications such as browsers, address books, word processing software, and instant messaging software. Furthermore, this embodiment does not specifically limit the specific structure of the execution entity of the method provided in this embodiment, as long as it can communicate according to the method provided in this embodiment by running a program that records the code of the method provided in this embodiment. For example, the execution entity of the method provided in this embodiment can be a terminal device or a network device, or a functional module in the terminal device or network device that can call and execute a program.

[0211] Furthermore, various aspects or features of this application can be implemented as methods, apparatus, or articles of manufacture using standard programming and / or engineering techniques. The term "article of manufacture" as used herein encompasses a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or medium. For example, computer-readable media may include, but are not limited to: magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disks, floppy disks, or magnetic tapes), optical discs (e.g., compact discs (CDs), digital versatile discs (DVDs), etc.), smart cards, and flash memory devices (e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROMs), cards, sticks, or key drives, etc.). Additionally, the various storage media described herein may represent one or more devices and / or other machine-readable media for storing information. The term "machine-readable medium" may include, but is not limited to, wireless channels and various other media capable of storing, containing, and / or carrying instructions and / or data.

[0212] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a communication system according to this application. Figure 1 The communication system may include at least one terminal (e.g., terminal 10, terminal 20, terminal 30, terminal 40, terminal 50, and terminal 60) and a network device 70. The network device 70 is used to provide communication services to the terminal and access the core network. The terminal can access the network by searching for synchronization signals, broadcast signals, etc. sent by the network device 70, thereby communicating with the network.Figure 1 Terminals 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60 can perform uplink and downlink transmissions with network device 70. For example, network device 70 can send downlink signals to terminals 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60, and can also receive uplink signals sent by terminals 10, 20, 30, 40, and 60.

[0213] In addition, terminals 40, 50 and 60 can also be regarded as a communication system. Terminal 60 can send downlink signals to terminals 40 and 50, and can also receive uplink signals sent by terminals 40 and 50.

[0214] It should be noted that the embodiments of this application can be applied to a communication system including one or more network devices, or to a communication system including one or more terminals, and this application does not limit them.

[0215] It should be understood that the communication system may include one or more network devices. A network device may send data or control signaling to one or more terminals. Multiple network devices may also send data or control signaling to one or more terminals simultaneously.

[0216] Figure 2 , Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a beam training method is shown. Figure 2 , Figure 3 The beam training method shown is sometimes referred to as the first beam training process, or the first-stage beam training process, or the PI beam training process. Figure 2 , Figure 3 The method shown can, for example, be used for training the transmit beam on the network device side; Figure 2 , Figure 3 The method shown can also be used, for example, to train the receiving beam on the terminal device side. Or, Figure 2 , Figure 3 The method shown can, for example, be used for training the receive beam on the network device side; Figure 2 , Figure 3 The method shown can also be used, for example, to train the transmit beam on the terminal device side. The following explanation uses the training process of the receive beam of the terminal device and the transmit beam of the network device as an example. The training process of the transmit beam of the terminal device and the receive beam of the network device can be referred to... Figure 2 , Figure 3 The example shown.

[0217] Figure 2 , Figure 3The method shown can be applied, for example, to a terminal device having an antenna module and a rotating component. The antenna module may include an antenna array, which can be used to form multiple beams in different directions. The rotating component can be used to rotate the antenna module so that the antenna module can form multiple beams corresponding to multiple orientations (i.e., the antenna module can form beams in multiple directions).

[0218] 201. The terminal device uses an antenna module to receive N reference signals sent by the network device using multiple receiving beams, where N is an integer greater than 1.

[0219] Accordingly, the network device uses multiple transmit beams to send the N reference signals to the terminal device.

[0220] In one example Figure 2 The ellipse shown represents the receive beam of a terminal device or the transmit beam of a network device. For example, a network device uses... Figure 2 The network uses beams 1, 2, and 3 to transmit three reference signals, i.e., N=3. Specifically, the network device uses beam 1 to transmit reference signal 1, beam 2 to transmit reference signal 2, and beam 3 to transmit reference signal 3. Correspondingly, the terminal device uses beams 4, 5, and 6 to receive these three reference signals.

[0221] In another example, the rotating component of the terminal device can rotate the antenna module in steps to multiple orientations, so that the terminal device can receive N reference signals sent by the network device using multiple receiving beams for multiple orientations. Figure 3 The diagram shows five possible orientations for the antenna module. When the antenna module is in orientation 1, the multiple beams formed by the antenna module can, for example, correspond to... Figure 3 The area shown is 1. When the antenna module is at azimuth 2, the multiple beams formed by the antenna module can, for example, correspond to... Figure 3 Region 2 is shown. When the antenna module is at azimuth 3, the multiple beams formed by the antenna module can, for example, correspond to... Figure 3 Region 3 is shown. When the antenna module is at azimuth 4, the multiple beams formed by the antenna module can, for example, correspond to... Figure 3 Region 4 is shown. When the antenna module is at azimuth 5, the multiple beams formed by the antenna module can, for example, correspond to... Figure 3 Area 5 is shown. It should be understood that, except... Figure 3 The rotation sequence shown can be used to rotate the antenna module in other ways, allowing the antenna module to be rotated to multiple orientations.

[0222] 202, the terminal device performs a measurement of the N reference signals, determines a first azimuth corresponding to a first reference signal among the N reference signals, the first azimuth being the azimuth corresponding to the antenna module, and / or determines a first receiving beam corresponding to the first reference signal among the N reference signals, the first receiving beam being a beam formed by the antenna module.

[0223] The measurement of the N reference signals can be performed by measuring the reference signal received power (RSRP) of each of the N reference signals, or by measuring the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of each of the N reference signals.

[0224] Based on the measurement results, the terminal device selects a first reference signal from N reference signals. This first reference signal may correspond to the optimal or relatively optimal measurement result. Therefore, the first azimuth corresponding to the first reference signal may be the relatively optimal azimuth for the antenna module to transmit and receive information, or the first receiving beam corresponding to the first reference signal may be the relatively optimal receiving beam for the terminal device.

[0225] For example, combining Figure 2 The terminal device can determine beam 5 as the receiving beam of the terminal device based on the signal measurement results.

[0226] For example, combining Figure 3 The terminal device can determine the orientation of the antenna module in area 3 based on the signal measurement results.

[0227] 203. The terminal device sends a first indication information to the network device, the first indication information being used to indicate the first reference signal.

[0228] Accordingly, the network device receives the first indication information sent by the terminal device, and determines the transmission beam of the network device based on the first indication information, wherein the transmission beam of the network device corresponds to the first reference signal.

[0229] The first indication information may be a resource index containing the first reference signal, or a measurement result of the first reference signal. Since the first reference signal corresponds to the transmit beam of the network device, the optimal or relatively optimal transmit beam of the network device can be determined. For example, combined with... Figure 2 The first indication information is the resource index of reference signal 2. Upon receiving this first indication information, the network device can determine that its transmission beam is beam 2. Optionally, the network device can also configure transmission power, etc., for the terminal device based on this first reference signal. It should be understood that the above... Figure 2The beam training process shown is only an example. The reference signal resource index reported by the terminal device can correspond to the optimal beam of the network device, as well as the suboptimal and superior beams of the network device.

[0230] In one possible example, the transmit beam of the network device may correspond to the beam region of the terminal device. In another example, the transmit beam of the network device may correspond to a receive beam of the terminal device, thereby identifying a beam pair. Figure 2 The black ellipse shown is used, for example, to represent the optimal transmit beam of the network device and the optimal receive beam of the terminal device. In one example, if the beams are complementary, the network device can determine its optimal receive beam, and the terminal device can determine its optimal transmit beam, based on the beam complementarity.

[0231] pass Figure 2 , Figure 3 The method shown allows the network device to determine its optimal transmit beam, and the terminal device to determine the azimuth of the antenna module and / or the receive beam of the terminal device.

[0232] Figure 3 , Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a beam training method is shown. Figure 3 , Figure 4 The beam training method shown is sometimes referred to as the second beam training process, the second-stage beam training process, or the P3 beam training process. Figure 3 , Figure 4 The method shown can, for example, be used for training the receiving beam on the terminal device side; Figure 3 , Figure 4 The method shown can also be used, for example, to train the transmit beam on the terminal device side. The following explanation uses the training process of the terminal device's receive beam as an example. The training process of the terminal device's transmit beam can be referred to... Figure 3 , Figure 4 The example shown.

[0233] Figure 3 , Figure 4 The method shown can be applied, for example, to a terminal device having an antenna module and a rotating component. The antenna module may include an antenna array, which can be used to form multiple beams with different directions. The rotating component can be used to rotate the antenna module so that the antenna module can form multiple beams corresponding to multiple directions.

[0234] 401. The terminal device uses an antenna module to receive M reference signals sent by the network device using multiple receiving beams, where M is an integer greater than 1.

[0235] Accordingly, the network device uses the target transmit beam to send the M reference signals to the terminal device.

[0236] M reference signals can, for example, occupy M reference signal resources in the reference signal resource set. These M reference signal resources can correspond to the same downlink spatial transmission filter.

[0237] In one example, the rotating component of the terminal device can progressively rotate the antenna module to multiple azimuth positions, allowing the terminal device to receive M reference signals transmitted by the network device from multiple azimuth positions using multiple receiving beams. The multiple azimuth positions corresponding to the antenna module can be as follows: Figure 4 The multiple regions shown are illustrated.

[0238] In another example, Figure 3 The ellipse shown represents the receive beam of a terminal device or the transmit beam of a network device. For example, a network device uses... Figure 4 Beam 1 transmits three reference signals: reference signal 1, reference signal 2, and reference signal 3, i.e., M=3. Correspondingly, the terminal equipment uses beams 2, 3, and 4 to receive these three reference signals, respectively.

[0239] 402, The terminal device performs a measurement of the M reference signals, determines a second azimuth corresponding to the second reference signal among the M reference signals, the second azimuth being the azimuth corresponding to the antenna module, and / or determines a second receiving beam corresponding to the second reference signal among the M reference signals, the second receiving beam being a beam formed by the antenna module.

[0240] The measurement of the M reference signals can be performed by separately measuring the RSRP of each of the M reference signals, or by separately measuring the SINR of each of the M reference signals. Based on the measurement results, the terminal device selects a second reference signal from the M reference signals. This second reference signal may correspond to the optimal or relatively optimal measurement result. Therefore, the second azimuth corresponding to this second reference signal may be the relatively optimal azimuth for the antenna module to transmit and receive information, or the second receiving beam corresponding to this second reference signal may be the relatively optimal receiving beam for the terminal device.

[0241] For example, combining Figure 4 The terminal device can determine the orientation of the antenna module in area 3 based on the signal measurement results.

[0242] For example, combining Figure 3 The terminal device can determine beam 3 as the receiving beam of the terminal device based on the signal measurement results.

[0243] In one example, the target transmit beam of the network device corresponds to the receive beam of the terminal device, which is a beam pair.

[0244] Figure 4 The black ellipse shown represents the target transmit beam of the network device and the receive beam of the terminal device. In one example, if the beams are different, the terminal device can determine its transmit beam based on the beam difference.

[0245] pass Figure 4 , Figure 2 The method shown allows the terminal device to determine the azimuth of the antenna module and / or the receiving beam of the terminal device.

[0246] For fine-grained beam selection on the network device side, please refer to... Figure 3 The method shown.

[0247] In one example Figure 4 , Figure 2 The method shown can be used to select coarse-grained beams on the network device side and coarse-grained beams on the terminal device side. Figure 3 The method shown can be used to select fine-grained beams on the terminal device side.

[0248] For example, the terminal device can, within a 360° range, via Figure 3 , Figure 4 The method shown determines a relatively optimal azimuth for the antenna module to perform a coarse scan of the beam. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the terminal device can rotate the antenna module stepwise using a rotating component, allowing the antenna module to form multiple beams in multiple azimuths. The terminal device can measure reference signals in multiple azimuths, thereby determining a relatively optimal azimuth for the antenna module, such as the target azimuth. Then, the terminal device can rotate its antenna module to the target azimuth. Finally, the terminal device can execute... Figure 4 The method shown is used to perform precise beam scanning.

[0249] However, Figure 5 , Figure 5 The beam training process shown is relatively time-consuming. During the interaction between the terminal device and the network device, the communication quality between them is easily affected by factors such as obstacles and weather. When the communication quality is relatively poor, both the terminal device and the network device need to retrain the beam. Therefore, how to shorten the beam training time between the terminal device and the network device while maintaining communication quality has become a problem that needs to be solved.

[0250] Figure 6 This is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device 500 provided in an embodiment of this application. The solution provided in this embodiment can be applied to... Figure 6The terminal device 500 shown.

[0251] The terminal device 500 may include a first antenna module 501. The first antenna module 501 may be, for example, a millimeter-wave antenna module.

[0252] The first antenna module 501 may include an antenna array 510 and a rotating component 520. The antenna array 510 may include multiple antenna elements 511. By driving a group of antenna elements (a group of antenna elements may include one or more antenna elements 511), a beam can be formed. By driving multiple different groups of antenna elements among the multiple antenna elements 511, multiple beams can be formed. The rotating component 520 can be used to rotate the azimuth of the antenna array 510, thereby adjusting the azimuth of the multiple beams formed by the antenna array 510. The rotating component 520 may, for example, be a rotatable motor.

[0253] The following is based on Figure 6 The example shown illustrates one possible embodiment of antenna array 510 forming multiple beams. Figure 6 The antenna array 510 shown may include multiple antenna elements 511 arranged in a 4×4 array. The antenna elements in the first row and first column may, for example, form a first type of beam; the antenna elements in the first row and first column, and the antenna elements in the first row and second column, may, for example, form a second type of beam; the antenna elements in the first row and first column, and the antenna elements in the second row and first column, may, for example, form a third type of beam; and the antenna elements in the first row and first column, the second row and first column, the first row and second column, and the second row and second column, may, for example, form a fourth type of beam. It should be understood that... Figure 6 The antenna array 510 shown can also form beams in other directions, which will not be listed here.

[0254] It should be understood that the antenna array 510 may also include a greater or lesser number of antenna elements 511. The embodiments provided in this application do not limit the number of antenna elements 511 included in the antenna array 510.

[0255] Figure 5 This is a schematic flowchart of a beam training method 600 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 5 The method 600 shown can be applied to Figure 5 The terminal device 500 shown.

[0256] 601, The terminal device rotates the antenna array of the first antenna module to the historical orientation through the rotating component of the first antenna module.

[0257] The first antenna module can, for example, correspond to Figure 5The first antenna module 501 is shown. The antenna array can, for example, correspond to... Figure 3 The antenna array 510 is shown. The rotating component can, for example, correspond to... Figure 7 The rotating component 520 is shown. In one possible example, after the antenna array rotates to a historical azimuth position, the multiple beams formed by the antenna array can, for example, correspond to... Figure 8 One of the five regions shown. Optionally, if the antenna array already corresponds to a historical azimuth, then 601 can be omitted.

[0258] Historical orientation could be the orientation of the antenna array of a terminal device. Some terminal devices have fixed locations. The orientation of these terminal devices relative to the first network device may be relatively fixed. In addition, the beam of the first network device usually does not change much over a period of time. Therefore, in multiple communications between the terminal device and the first network device, the orientation of the antenna array may be roughly the same.

[0259] In one possible example, the azimuth of the antenna array after the terminal device is currently powered on can be approximately the same as the azimuth of the antenna array the last time it was powered on before the terminal device was currently powered on. In other words, the historical azimuth can be the azimuth of the antenna array most recently used.

[0260] For example, the terminal device performs a target beam scan 1 after its i-th power-on. Target beam scan 1 can be the last beam scan performed by the terminal device after its i-th power-on. During target beam scan 1, the rotating component can rotate the antenna array to multiple azimuths; the terminal device and the first network device can communicate with each other for these multiple azimuths to obtain the result of target beam scan 1. Based on the result of target beam scan 1, the terminal device can determine a relatively good target azimuth 1 from these multiple azimuths (for example, when the antenna array corresponds to target azimuth 1, the incoming wave coverage of the first network device is relatively high). After the (i+1)-th power-on of the terminal device, the terminal device can skip the beam scan process similar to the aforementioned target beam scan 1 and directly rotate the antenna array to target azimuth 1 using the rotating component. In this case, target azimuth 1 can be the historical azimuth of the antenna array.

[0261] Historical azimuth can be the most recently used azimuth of the antenna array. When the azimuth of the antenna array changes, such as when the location of the terminal device moves, the historical azimuth of the antenna array can be updated in real time, making it easier for the terminal device to quickly complete the beam training process in the new location.

[0262] In another possible example, the orientation of the antenna array after the terminal device is currently powered on may be roughly the same as the orientation of the antenna array that was most frequently used before the terminal device was currently powered on. In other words, the historical orientation may be the orientation of the antenna array that was used most frequently.

[0263] For example, the terminal device can record the azimuths used by the antenna array and the number of times each azimuth was used. The target azimuth 2 was used the most times. After the j-th power-on, the terminal device can skip at least part of the beam scanning process and directly rotate the antenna array to the target azimuth 2 using a rotating component. In this case, the target azimuth 2 can be a historical azimuth of the antenna array.

[0264] Historical azimuth can be the most frequently used azimuth of the antenna array. Due to unforeseen circumstances other than location changes, the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device may degrade. In this case, the terminal device can retrain its beam to find a relatively optimal beam. Although the azimuth of the antenna array has changed, it does not mean that the azimuth of the antenna array is no longer suitable for communication between the terminal device and the first network device. Therefore, setting the most frequently used azimuth of the antenna array as the historical azimuth helps to reduce the impact of sudden changes on the terminal device's ability to quickly complete the beam training process.

[0265] Historical orientations can be pre-stored in the terminal device's memory. After the terminal device is powered on, it can read the information related to the historical orientation from the memory, and then rotate the antenna array to the historical orientation using a rotating component.

[0266] Optionally, the method further includes: the terminal device determining the historical orientation from the orientation of the antenna array most recently used and the orientation of the antenna array with the highest frequency of use.

[0267] The terminal device can score the most recently used azimuth and the azimuth with the highest usage frequency of the antenna array, respectively, to obtain a first communication score corresponding to the most recently used azimuth and a second communication score corresponding to the most frequently used azimuth. The terminal device can determine the azimuth with the higher communication score as the historical azimuth. This is beneficial for taking into account the advantages of both historical azimuths.

[0268] The first communication score is determined, for example, based on at least one of the following: spatial arrival coverage corresponding to the first azimuth, reference signal receiving power (RSRP) corresponding to the first azimuth, signal noise ratio (SNR) corresponding to the first azimuth, spectral efficiency corresponding to the first azimuth, and signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) corresponding to the first azimuth.

[0269] The second communication score is determined, for example, based on at least one of the following: spatial arrival coverage corresponding to the second orientation, RSRP corresponding to the second orientation, SNR corresponding to the second orientation, spectral efficiency corresponding to the second orientation, and SINR corresponding to the second orientation.

[0270] 602, The terminal device communicates with the first network device using the first beam through the antenna array corresponding to the historical azimuth.

[0271] After the antenna array is rotated to its historical orientation, the terminal device can form a first beam through the antenna array and communicate with the first network device through the first beam.

[0272] In one possible scenario, the first beam could be a historical beam. That is, the first beam could be a beam previously used by the terminal device when the antenna array corresponds to a historical azimuth. In other words, the terminal device can record information related to at least one azimuth used by the antenna array, and it can also record information related to at least one beam used by the terminal device when the antenna array corresponds to that azimuth.

[0273] In one example, the first beam is the beam most recently used by the terminal device in the historical orientation of the antenna array.

[0274] For example, the terminal device performs a target beam scan 2 after the p-th power-on. Target beam scan 2 can be the last beam scan performed by the terminal device after the p-th power-on. During target beam scan 2, the antenna array can form multiple beams if the antenna array corresponds to the historical azimuth; the terminal device can use these multiple beams to communicate with the first network device, thereby obtaining the result of target beam scan 2. Based on the result of target beam scan 2, the terminal device can determine a relatively superior target beam 1 from these multiple beams (e.g., the RSRP corresponding to target beam 1 is relatively high). After the (p+1)-th power-on of the terminal device, the terminal device can rotate the antenna array to the historical azimuth using a rotating component and directly use target beam 1 to communicate with the first network device (e.g., complete the random access procedure). In this case, target beam 1 can be the first beam in 602.

[0275] The first beam can be the beam most recently used by the terminal device when the antenna array corresponds to its historical azimuth. When the azimuth or beam used by the terminal device changes, such as when the terminal device moves, the historical azimuth of the antenna array and the historical beams used by the terminal device can be updated in real time, facilitating the terminal device to quickly complete the beam training process in the new location.

[0276] In another example, the first beam is the highest frequency beam used by the terminal device in the historical orientation of the antenna array.

[0277] For example, the terminal device can record multiple beams used by the terminal device in the historical orientation of the antenna array, and the number of times each beam was used. Among these, target beam 2 was used the most times in the historical orientation of the antenna array. After the qth power-on, the terminal device can rotate the antenna array to the historical orientation using a rotating component and directly communicate with the first network device using target beam 2. In this case, target beam 1 can be the first beam in 602.

[0278] The first beam can be the beam most frequently used by the terminal device under the historical azimuth of the antenna array. Due to sudden causes other than location changes, the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device may degrade. In this case, the terminal device can retrain its beam to find a relatively superior beam. Although the beam used by the terminal device has changed, it does not mean that the beam most frequently used by the terminal device is no longer suitable for communication between the terminal device and the first network device. Therefore, setting the beam used most frequently by the terminal device as the historical azimuth helps to reduce the impact of sudden changes on the terminal device's ability to quickly complete the beam training process.

[0279] The first beam can be pre-stored in the memory of the terminal device. After the terminal device is powered on, it can read information related to the historical azimuth and the first beam from the memory, thereby rotating the antenna array to the historical azimuth using a rotating component and communicating with the first network device using the first beam.

[0280] In another possible scenario, the first beam is the normal beam of the antenna array.

[0281] The antenna array has relatively strong beam power in its normal beam, therefore the performance of the antenna array's normal beam may be superior to that of other beams formed by the antenna array. Given the antenna array's historical azimuth, the communication quality between the terminal device and the network device may be relatively good. The terminal device using the antenna array's normal beam to communicate directly with the first network device is beneficial for improving the communication quality between the terminal device and the network device.

[0282] Optionally, the method further includes: when the antenna array corresponds to the historical azimuth, the terminal device determines the first beam from the normal beam of the antenna array, the beam most recently used by the terminal device, and the beam with the highest frequency of use by the terminal device.

[0283] Given the historical orientation of the antenna array, the terminal device can communicate with the first network device using the antenna array's normal beam, the beam most recently used by the terminal device, and the beam with the highest frequency used by the terminal device, respectively. This yields a third communication score corresponding to the antenna array's normal beam, a fourth communication score corresponding to the beam most recently used by the terminal device, and a fifth communication score corresponding to the beam with the highest frequency used by the terminal device. The terminal device can then designate the beam with the highest communication score as the first beam. This allows for the consideration of the advantages of the three beam types. The communication score of a beam is determined, for example, based on at least one of the following: RSRP, SNR, spectral efficiency, SINR, etc.

[0284] Optionally, the step of the terminal device communicating with the first network device using the first beam through the antenna array corresponding to the historical azimuth includes: the terminal device communicating with the first network device using multiple beams formed by the antenna array corresponding to the historical azimuth to perform a first beam scan; the method further includes: the terminal device determining a first beam from the multiple beams formed by the antenna array based on the result of the first beam scan; and the terminal device communicating with the first network device using the first beam.

[0285] Given the historical orientation of the antenna array, the number of beams formed by the antenna array that can communicate with the first network device can be relatively large. To further improve the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device, the terminal device can perform a first beam scan to find the first beam from the multiple beams formed by the antenna array. This first beam can help to achieve relatively high communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device.

[0286] Optionally, the first beam satisfies at least one of the following: the terminal device uses the first beam to complete the random access procedure; the communication score corresponding to the first beam is higher than a first preset score.

[0287] The terminal device can communicate with the first network device using the first beam. If the communication quality is relatively high, the difference between the historical azimuth and the true optimal azimuth of the antenna array can be relatively small, or even negligible.

[0288] In one example, if the terminal device can complete the random access procedure using the first beam, it may mean that the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device is relatively high.

[0289] In another example, the terminal device can use the first beam to communicate with the first network device and score the communication process. A higher communication score may indicate relatively high communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device. As mentioned above, the beam's communication score can be determined based on at least one of the following: RSRP, SNR, spectral efficiency, SINR, etc.

[0290] Optionally, the step of the terminal device communicating with the first network device using the first beam through the antenna array corresponding to the historical azimuth includes: the terminal device communicating with the first network device using multiple beams formed by the antenna array corresponding to the historical azimuth to perform a first beam scan; the method further includes: the terminal device determining the first beam from the multiple beams formed by the antenna array based on the result of the first beam scan; the terminal device rotating the antenna array to a first azimuth using the rotating component, such that the azimuth of the normal beam of the antenna array corresponds to the azimuth of the first beam before the antenna array was rotated to the first azimuth; and the terminal device communicating with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array corresponding to the first azimuth.

[0291] Antenna arrays generally have relatively strong beam power in their normal beam, thus, from the perspective of the terminal device, the performance of the antenna array's normal beam is usually superior to that of other beams formed by the antenna array. However, according to the results of the first beam scan, among the multiple beams formed by the antenna array, the first beam has relatively better performance. In other words, when the antenna array corresponds to a historical azimuth, its normal beam is not necessarily the best beam compared to the first beam. Slightly adjusting the azimuth of the antenna array can improve the matching degree between the antenna array's normal beam and the beam of the first network device, thereby improving the reliability of the antenna array receiving incoming waves from the first network device and ultimately enhancing the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device.

[0292] The following is combined with Figure 7 , Figure 8 This illustrates a possible example of adjusting the orientation of an antenna array based on its historical orientation.

[0293] like Figure 8 As shown, the multiple beams formed by the first network device 700 may include beams 701 and 702. The multiple beams formed by the antenna array may include beams 711, 712, and 713, where beam 711 can be the normal beam of the antenna array. The antenna array currently corresponds to the historical azimuth. After the first beam scan, the terminal device 500 can determine that beam 712 and beam 701 of the first network device 700 can form a beam pair, that is, the terminal device 500 can use beam 712 to communicate with the first network device 700, and the first network device 700 can use beam 701 to communicate with the terminal device 500. Beam 712 can correspond to the aforementioned first beam. The terminal device 500 can determine that if the terminal device 500 uses beam 711 or beam 713 to communicate with the first network device 700, the communication quality may be relatively poor.

[0294] like Figure 8 As shown, the terminal device 500 can adjust the azimuth of the antenna array from the historical azimuth to the first azimuth. Specifically, when the antenna array corresponds to the historical azimuth, beam 712 (i.e., the first beam) can correspond to the first beam azimuth; when the antenna array corresponds to the first azimuth, beam 711 (i.e., the normal beam of the antenna array) can correspond to the first beam azimuth. From... Figure 8 It can be seen that after the orientation of the antenna array is adjusted, the matching degree between beam 711 and beam 701 of the first network device 700 is better than the matching degree between beam 712 and beam 701 of the first network device 700 before the orientation of the antenna array is adjusted.

[0295] In one possible scenario, with the antenna array corresponding to the first azimuth, the terminal device 500 can determine that the beam 711 and the beam 701 of the first network device 700 form a beam pair, that is, the terminal device 500 can use the beam 711 to communicate with the first network device 700, and the first network device 700 can use the beam 701 to communicate with the terminal device 500.

[0296] The terminal device can determine the angle of rotation required to adjust the antenna array from the historical azimuth to the first azimuth based on the azimuth of the first beam and the azimuth of the normal beam of the antenna array.

[0297] Optionally, the method further includes: the terminal device determining the angle by which the rotating component rotates the antenna array to a first position based on the angle between the first beam and the normal beam of the antenna array.

[0298] Terminal devices can, for example, store the identifiers of multiple beams formed by the antenna array, as well as the angle between each beam and the normal beam of the antenna array.

[0299] In one example, assuming the angle between the first beam and the normal beam of the antenna array is 25°, this means that the azimuth of the antenna array's normal beam needs to be rotated 25° clockwise to the azimuth of the first beam. Therefore, the terminal device can rotate the antenna array 25° clockwise to adjust the azimuth of the antenna array from its historical position to the first position.

[0300] In another example, assuming the angle between the first beam and the normal beam of the antenna array is -25°, it means that the azimuth of the normal beam of the antenna array needs to be rotated 25° counterclockwise to the azimuth of the first beam. The terminal device can then rotate the antenna array 25° counterclockwise to adjust the azimuth of the antenna array from its historical position to the first position.

[0301] Optionally, the first beam satisfies at least one of the following: the terminal device uses the first beam to complete the random access procedure; the communication score corresponding to the first beam is higher than a first preset score.

[0302] The terminal device can communicate with the first network device using the first beam. If the communication quality is relatively high, the difference between the historical azimuth and the antenna array's true optimal azimuth can be relatively small, meaning the terminal device has a certain probability of achieving relatively high-quality communication with the first network device. In other words, the historical azimuth can serve as a relatively suitable basis for the next azimuth adjustment.

[0303] In one example, if the terminal device can complete the random access procedure using the first beam, it may mean that the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device is relatively high.

[0304] In another example, the terminal device can use a first beam to communicate with a first network device and score the communication process. A higher communication score may indicate relatively high communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device. The beam's communication score can be determined, for example, based on at least one of the following: RSRP, SNR, spectral efficiency, SINR, etc.

[0305] Optionally, the method further includes: the terminal device determining the ratio of the number of uplink time slots to the number of downlink time slots within the target time period based on the communication score corresponding to the first beam.

[0306] A relatively high communication score for the first beam indicates a relatively high probability that the terminal device will successfully transmit a signal to the network device. The terminal device can increase the number of uplink time slots, i.e., increase the ratio of uplink to downlink time slots. Conversely, a relatively low communication score for the first beam indicates a relatively low probability that the terminal device will successfully transmit a signal to the network device. The terminal device can decrease the number of uplink time slots, i.e., decrease the ratio of uplink to downlink time slots.

[0307] In another possible scenario, when the antenna array is aligned with the first azimuth, the terminal device can continue with a second beam scan to confirm whether any other beam among the multiple beams formed by the antenna array has better performance than the normal beam of the antenna array. In one example, the result of the second beam scan may indicate that the normal beam of the antenna array is relatively superior. In another example, the result of the second beam scan may indicate that beams of the antenna array other than the normal beam are relatively superior. That is, after the antenna array is aligned with the first azimuth, a certain beam of the antenna array (which can be the normal beam or a beam other than the normal beam) can form a beam pair with the beam of the first network device.

[0308] Optionally, the step of the terminal device communicating with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array corresponding to the first azimuth includes: the terminal device communicating with the first network device using multiple beams formed by the antenna array corresponding to the first azimuth to perform a second beam scan, wherein the multiple beams formed by the antenna array include the normal beam of the antenna array; the terminal device determining a second beam from the multiple beams formed by the antenna array based on the result of the second beam scan; and the terminal device communicating with the first network device using the second beam through the antenna array corresponding to the first azimuth.

[0309] like Figure 7As illustrated in the example, when the antenna array corresponds to the first azimuth, the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device can be relatively good. In some cases, the terminal device may not necessarily use the normal beam of the antenna array to communicate with the first network device, or it may not necessarily use the optimal beam. In this situation, the terminal device can use a second beam scan to determine a relatively suitable beam, i.e., the second beam, that can be used to communicate with the first network device.

[0310] In one possible example, the angle between any of the multiple beams and the normal beam of the antenna array can be less than 45°. Optionally, the angle between any of the multiple beams and the normal beam of the antenna array can be less than 22.5°. By reducing the beam angle formed by the antenna array, it is beneficial to reduce the time and energy required for the terminal device to drive the antenna array.

[0311] Optionally, the step of the terminal device communicating with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array corresponding to the first azimuth includes: the terminal device communicating with the first network device using multiple beams formed by the antenna array corresponding to the first azimuth to perform a second beam scan, wherein the multiple beams formed by the antenna array include the normal beam of the antenna array; the terminal device determining a second beam from the multiple beams formed by the antenna array based on the result of the second beam scan; the terminal device rotating the antenna array to a second azimuth using the rotating component, such that the azimuth of the normal beam of the antenna array corresponds to the azimuth of the second beam before the antenna array was rotated to the second azimuth; and the terminal device communicating with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array corresponding to the second azimuth.

[0312] like Figure 8 As illustrated in the example, when the antenna array corresponds to the first azimuth, the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device can be relatively superior. The antenna array has relatively strong beam power in its normal beam; therefore, from the perspective of the terminal device, the performance of the antenna array's normal beam is generally better than the performance of other beams formed by the antenna array. However, according to the results of the second beam scan, among the multiple beams formed by the antenna array, the second beam has relatively superior performance. In other words, when the antenna array corresponds to the first azimuth, the antenna array's normal beam is not a relatively superior beam compared to the second beam. Slightly adjusting the azimuth of the antenna array can improve the matching degree between the antenna array's normal beam and the beam of the first network device, thereby improving the reliability of the antenna array receiving incoming waves from the first network device and ultimately improving the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device.

[0313] Reference Figure 8 , Figure 9 As shown in the example, the terminal device can adjust the antenna array from a first azimuth to a second azimuth. After the azimuth of the antenna array is adjusted, the matching degree between the normal beam of the antenna array and the beam of the first network device can be better than the matching degree between the second beam and the beam of the first network device before the azimuth of the antenna array is adjusted; and before the azimuth of the antenna array is adjusted, the matching degree between the second beam and the beam of the first network device can be better than the matching degree between the normal beam of the antenna array and the beam of the first network device before the azimuth of the antenna array is adjusted.

[0314] In another possible scenario, the terminal device can rotate the antenna array using a rotating component, allowing the antenna array to sequentially correspond to multiple azimuths. The terminal device can then use the normal beam of the antenna array to communicate with the first network device within each of these azimuths to perform beam training. Based on the beam training results, the terminal device can determine the second azimuth. In one possible example, with the antenna array positioned in the second azimuth, the terminal device can use the normal beam of the antenna array to communicate with the first network device, resulting in relatively better communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device.

[0315] Optionally, the method further includes: rotating the antenna array to multiple locations around the first location using the rotating component; for each of the multiple locations, the terminal device communicating with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array to perform a second beam scan; the terminal device determining a second location from the multiple locations based on the result of the second beam scan; and communicating with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array corresponding to the second location.

[0316] like Figure 9 As illustrated in the example, when the antenna array corresponds to the first azimuth, the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device can be relatively superior. The antenna array has relatively strong beam power in its normal beam; therefore, from the perspective of the terminal device, the performance of the antenna array's normal beam is generally better than the performance of other beams formed by the antenna array. However, it is possible that the antenna array's normal beam may achieve better performance in other azimuths. The terminal device can perform beam scanning around the first azimuth using the antenna array's normal beam to determine if the antenna array can correspond to a more favorable azimuth.

[0317] In one possible example, the angle between any of the multiple orientations and the first orientation can be less than 45°. Optionally, the angle between any of the multiple orientations and the first orientation can be less than 22.5°. By reducing the rotation angle of the antenna array, it is beneficial to reduce the beam scanning time, thereby improving the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device.

[0318] Figure 5 This is a schematic flowchart of a beam training method 900 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 The method 900 shown can be applied to Figure 6 The terminal device 500 shown. Figure 6 The method 900 shown can be executed in Figure 10 Before or after method 600.

[0319] 901. When the antenna array of the first antenna module currently corresponds to a third bit, the terminal device determines the communication score of the third beam, wherein the third beam is the beam currently used by the terminal device.

[0320] The third bit can be any direction that the antenna array can face. In one example, the third bit could correspond to... Figure 10 Any one of the historical orientation, first orientation, and second orientation in the illustrated embodiment.

[0321] The terminal device can use the third beam to receive a reference signal sent by the first network device and measure the reference signal to obtain the communication score of the third beam. The communication score of the third beam is determined, for example, based on at least one of the following: RSRP corresponding to the third beam, SNR corresponding to the third beam, spectral efficiency corresponding to the third beam, and SINR corresponding to the third beam.

[0322] 902, if the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score, and the continuous duration for which the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score is less than the first preset duration, the terminal device uses the third beam to communicate with the first network device.

[0323] A communication score lower than the second preset score for the third beam can indicate relatively poor communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device when using the third beam. In one possible scenario, the phase position between the terminal device and the first network device may not have changed significantly. The reduced communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device could be due to, for example, the sudden appearance of an obstacle between them. This obstacle might move away within a relatively short time. If the terminal device and the first network device retrain their beams before the obstacle moves away, the effective interaction between them will be reduced, thus affecting the communication efficiency between them.

[0324] If the duration for which the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score is less than the first preset duration, it means that the communication quality of the terminal device using the third beam to communicate with the first network device is relatively poor for only a relatively short period of time. In this case, the terminal device can temporarily refrain from searching for a new beam and a new orientation. Combining the above example, even after the obstacle quickly disappears, the terminal device can still use the previously used beam and orientation to communicate with the first network device, thereby increasing the effective interaction between the terminal device and the first network device and improving the communication efficiency between them.

[0325] Optionally, the method further includes: when the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score, and the continuous duration for which the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score is greater than the first preset duration and less than the second preset duration, the terminal device communicates with the first network device using multiple beams formed by the antenna array corresponding to the third third position to perform a third beam scan, wherein the second preset duration is greater than the first preset duration; the terminal device determines a fourth beam based on the result of the third beam scan, wherein the fourth beam is the receiving beam or transmitting beam of the terminal device.

[0326] If the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score, it means that the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device using the third beam is relatively poor. If the duration for which the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score is greater than the first preset duration, it means that the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device using the third beam is relatively poor for a certain period of time. If the terminal device consistently uses the third beam to interact with the first network device for a period of time, it may affect the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device. Therefore, the terminal device can search for new beams within a relatively small range. Searching for new beams within a small range helps reduce the time spent on beam scanning or beam training, thereby increasing the effective interaction between the terminal device and the first network device and improving the communication efficiency between them.

[0327] Optionally, the method further includes: when the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score, and the continuous duration for which the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score is greater than the second preset duration, the terminal device rotates the antenna array to a fourth position via the rotating component; through the antenna array corresponding to the fourth position, the terminal device uses multiple beams formed by the antenna array to communicate with the first network device to perform a fourth beam scan, wherein the fourth position is different from the third position; the terminal device determines a fifth beam based on the result of the fourth beam scan, wherein the fifth beam is the receiving beam or transmitting beam of the terminal device.

[0328] If the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score, it means that the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device using the third beam is relatively poor. If the duration for which the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score is longer than the second preset duration, it means that the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device using the third beam is relatively poor for a relatively long period of time. If, for a relatively long period of time, the terminal device uses the third beam and a third azimuth to interact with the first network device, or if the terminal device uses a beam close to the third beam and a azimuth close to the third azimuth to interact with the first network device, it may affect the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device. Therefore, the terminal device can search for new beams and new azimuths (e.g., a full-range search for new beams and new azimuths). Searching for new beams and new azimuths over a relatively large range helps to restore the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device as quickly as possible, thereby increasing the effective interaction between the terminal device and the first network device and improving the communication efficiency between them.

[0329] Figure 9This is a schematic structural diagram of a terminal device 1000 provided in an embodiment of this application. The solution provided in this embodiment can be applied to... Figure 9 The terminal device shown is 1000.

[0330] Terminal device 1000 may include a first antenna module 1001 and a second antenna module 1002. The operating frequency of the first antenna module 1001 may be different from that of the second antenna module 1002. For example, the first antenna module 1001 may be a millimeter wave antenna module, and the second antenna module 1002 may be an antenna module with an operating frequency band below 6 GHz.

[0331] The first antenna module 1001 may include an antenna array 1010 and a rotating component 1020. The antenna array 1010 may include multiple antenna elements 1011. By driving a group of antenna elements (a group of antenna elements may include one or more antenna elements 1011) among the multiple antenna elements 1011, a beam can be formed. By driving multiple different groups of antenna elements among the multiple antenna elements 1011, multiple beams can be formed. The rotating component 1020 can be used to rotate the azimuth of the antenna array 1010, thereby adjusting the azimuth of the multiple beams formed by the antenna array 1010.

[0332] The second antenna module 1002 may include one or more antennas. The one or more antennas may, for example, include a first antenna 1030. Optionally, the one or more antennas may also include a second antenna 1040.

[0333] Figure 5 This is a schematic flowchart of a beam training method 900 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 9 The method 900 shown can be applied to Figure 6 The terminal device 500 shown. Figure 11 The method 900 shown can be executed in Figure 11 Before or after method 600.

[0334] Figure 10 This is a schematic flowchart of a communication method 1100 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 The communication method 1100 shown can be applied to Figure 10 The terminal device shown is 1000. Figure 11 The method 600 shown can be applied to Figure 6 The terminal device 1000 shown is... Figure 9 The communication method 1100 shown can be executed in Figure 10 Before or after method 600. Figure 11 The method 900 shown can be applied to Figure 9The terminal device 1000 shown is... Figure 6 The communication method 1100 shown can be executed in Figure 9 The method shown is before or after 900.

[0335] 1101, The terminal device communicates with the first network device through the antenna array of the first antenna module.

[0336] For a specific implementation of 1101, please refer to, for example. Figure 12 As shown in 602 or Figure 12 The number 902 shown will not be described in detail here.

[0337] 1102, the terminal device communicates with the second network device through the first antenna of the second antenna module.

[0338] The terminal device may communicate with the first network device via a first communication protocol, or with the second network device via a second communication protocol. The communication frequency used for communication between the terminal device and the first network device may be the first communication frequency, and the communication frequency used for communication between the terminal device and the second network device may be the second communication frequency. The first communication frequency may be different from the second communication frequency.

[0339] 1103, In the event of mutual interference between the first antenna module and the second antenna module, the terminal device uses the second antenna to communicate with the second network device, and the distance between the second antenna and the antenna array is greater than the distance between the first antenna and the antenna array.

[0340] In one possible scenario, when two radio frequency (RF) components are close to each other, they may interfere with each other. For example, if an antenna array is positioned in a certain direction and the first antenna is operational, the distance between the antenna array and the first antenna may be relatively short. The interference between the first antenna and the antenna array may be relatively significant, potentially affecting the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device, as well as the communication quality between the terminal device and the second network device.

[0341] To reduce interference between the first and second antenna modules, the terminal device can adjust the operating antenna of the second antenna module. The terminal device can select an antenna relatively far from the antenna array to communicate with the second network device. Compared to the first antenna, the distance between the second antenna and the antenna array can be relatively greater, thus reducing interference between them and improving communication quality between the terminal device and both the first and second network devices. The terminal device may include, for example, a switch for switching the antennas, turning off the first antenna and turning on the second antenna.

[0342] Figure 10 This is a schematic flowchart of a communication method 1200 provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 6 The communication method 1200 shown can be applied to Figure 10 The terminal device shown is 1000. Figure 12 The method 600 shown can be applied to Figure 6 The terminal device 1000 shown is... Figure 9 The communication method 1200 shown can be executed in Figure 10 Before or after method 600. Figure 12 The method 900 shown can be applied to Figure 9 The terminal device 1000 shown is... Figure 6 The communication method 1200 shown can be executed in Figure 9 The method shown is before or after 900.

[0343] 1201, The terminal device rotates the antenna array of the first antenna module through the rotating component of the first antenna module, so that the terminal device communicates with the first network device in the multiple directions through the antenna array.

[0344] The terminal device can rotate the antenna array via a rotating component, so that the antenna array can sequentially correspond to multiple directions; the terminal device can use one or more beams formed by the antenna array to communicate with the first network device in each of these multiple directions to perform beam training.

[0345] 1202, the terminal device determines a plurality of communication scores corresponding one-to-one with the plurality of directions, the plurality of communication scores including the communication score of the fifth direction and the communication score of the sixth direction, wherein the communication score of the fifth direction is higher than the other communication scores among the plurality of communication scores except for the communication score of the fifth direction.

[0346] The terminal device can statistically analyze the beam training results by determining multiple communication scores that correspond one-to-one with multiple azimuths. The communication score for each azimuth is determined, for example, based on at least one of the following: spatial arrival coverage corresponding to that azimuth, RSRP corresponding to that azimuth, SNR corresponding to that azimuth, spectral efficiency corresponding to that azimuth, and SINR corresponding to that azimuth. Based on the beam training results, the terminal device can communicate with the first network device using a relatively optimal azimuth.

[0347] In one possible example, both the fifth and sixth positions are considered relatively good. In the beamforming training results, the communication score for the fifth position can be the best, while the communication score for the sixth position can be the second best. That is, when the antenna array corresponds to either the fifth or sixth position, the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device can be relatively good.

[0348] 1203, The terminal device communicates with the first network device using the sixth beam via the antenna array corresponding to the fifth position.

[0349] For example, the specific implementation method of 1203 can be referred to Figure 11 As shown in 602 or Figure 13 The number 902 shown will not be described in detail here.

[0350] In one possible example, the sixth beam could be the normal beam of the antenna array.

[0351] 1204, the terminal device uses the first antenna of the second antenna module to communicate with the second network device.

[0352] For a specific implementation of 1204, please refer to, for example. Figure 13 As shown in Figure 1102, it will not be described in detail here.

[0353] 1205, when the antenna array corresponds to the fifth position and the first antenna module and the second antenna module interfere with each other, the terminal device communicates with the first network device using the seventh beam through the antenna array corresponding to the sixth position.

[0354] In one possible scenario, when two radio frequency (RF) components are close to each other, they may interfere with each other. For example, if the antenna array is in the fifth position and the first antenna is operational, the distance between the antenna array and the first antenna can be relatively close. The interference between the first antenna and the antenna array may be relatively large, which could affect the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device, as well as the communication quality between the terminal device and the second network device.

[0355] To reduce interference between the first antenna module and the second antenna module, the terminal device can adjust the orientation of the antenna array to increase the distance between the antenna array and the first antenna. This can help reduce interference between the first antenna module and the second antenna module, thereby improving the communication quality between the terminal device and the first network device, as well as the communication quality between the terminal device and the second network device.

[0356] In one possible example, the seventh beam could be the normal beam of the antenna array.

[0357] In another possible example, the orientation of the seventh beam can be determined by the orientation of the sixth beam and the rotation angle of the antenna array. Optionally, the orientation of the seventh beam is the same as or similar to the orientation of the sixth beam when the antenna array corresponds to the fifth orientation.

[0358] Optionally, the method further includes: the terminal device determining the identifier of the seventh beam based on the azimuth angle between the fifth and sixth directions and the identifier of the sixth beam.

[0359] The terminal device can, for example, store the identifiers of multiple beams formed by the antenna array, as well as the angle between any two beams. For instance, the terminal device can store the identifier of the sixth beam as BM1, the identifier of the seventh beam as BM2, and the angle between BM2 and BM1 as 25°.

[0360] In one example, assuming the azimuth angle between the fifth and sixth positions is 25°, it means that rotating the fifth position clockwise to the sixth position requires a 25° rotation. The terminal device can then search for the seventh beam among the multiple beams formed by the antenna array, such that the angle between the seventh and sixth beams is 25°. In other words, rotating the azimuth of the seventh beam clockwise to the azimuth of the sixth beam requires a 25° rotation.

[0361] In another example, assuming the azimuth angle between the fifth and sixth positions is -25°, it means that rotating counterclockwise from the fifth position to the sixth position requires a 25° rotation. The terminal device can then search for the seventh beam among the multiple beams formed by the antenna array, such that the angle between the seventh and sixth beams is -25°. In other words, rotating counterclockwise from the azimuth of the seventh beam to the azimuth of the sixth beam requires a 25° rotation.

[0362] Optionally, the method further includes: when the antenna array corresponds to the sixth position and the first antenna module and the second antenna module interfere with each other, the terminal device uses the second antenna in the second antenna module to communicate with the second network device, and the distance between the second antenna and the antenna array is greater than the distance between the first antenna and the antenna array.

[0363] Even after executing step 1205, mutual interference may still occur between the first and second antenna modules. To reduce interference between the first and second antenna modules, the terminal device can adjust the operating antenna of the second antenna module. The terminal device can select an antenna relatively far from the antenna array to communicate with the second network device. Compared to the first antenna, the distance between the second antenna and the antenna array can be relatively greater, thus reducing interference between them and improving communication quality between the terminal device and the first and second network devices.

[0364] It is understood that, in order to achieve the above-mentioned functions, the terminal device includes hardware and / or software modules that perform the respective functions. Based on the algorithm steps of the examples described in the embodiments disclosed herein, this application can be implemented in hardware or a combination of hardware and computer software. Whether a function is executed by hardware or by computer software driving hardware depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application in conjunction with the embodiments, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0365] This embodiment can divide the terminal device into functional modules according to the above method example. For example, each function can be divided into its own functional module, or two or more functions can be integrated into one processing module. The integrated module can be implemented in hardware. It should be noted that the module division in this embodiment is illustrative and only represents one logical functional division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.

[0366] When each functional module is divided according to its corresponding function, the terminal device may include a first antenna module, which includes an antenna array and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array. The antenna array is used to form multiple beams with different directions. The terminal device may also include a transceiver module and a control module.

[0367] The control module can be used to rotate the antenna array of the first antenna module to a historical orientation via the rotating component of the first antenna module.

[0368] The transceiver module can be used to communicate with a first network device using a first beam through the antenna array corresponding to the historical azimuth.

[0369] It should be noted that all relevant content of each step involved in the above method embodiments can be referenced from the functional description of the corresponding functional module, and will not be repeated here.

[0370] The terminal device provided in this embodiment is used to execute the above-described beam training method, and therefore can achieve the same effect as the above method.

[0371] When each functional module is divided according to its corresponding function, the terminal device may include a first antenna module, which includes an antenna array and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array. The antenna array is used to form multiple beams with different directions. The terminal device may also include a transceiver module and a control module.

[0372] The transceiver module can be used to communicate with a first network device using multiple beams formed by the antenna array corresponding to the historical azimuth, in order to perform a first beam scan.

[0373] The control module can be used to determine the first beam from the plurality of beams formed by the antenna array based on the result of the first beam scan.

[0374] The transceiver module can also be used to communicate with the first network device using the first beam.

[0375] It should be noted that all relevant content of each step involved in the above method embodiments can be referenced from the functional description of the corresponding functional module, and will not be repeated here.

[0376] The terminal device provided in this embodiment is used to execute the above-described beam training method, and therefore can achieve the same effect as the above method.

[0377] When dividing each function into modules according to its corresponding function. ​ This diagram illustrates a possible configuration of the terminal device 1300 involved in the above embodiments, as shown below. ​ As shown, the terminal device 1300 may include a first antenna module, which includes an antenna array and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array. The antenna array is used to form multiple beams with different directions. The terminal device 1300 may also include a transceiver module 1301 and a control module 1302.

[0378] The transceiver module 1301 can be used to communicate with a first network device using multiple beams formed by the antenna array corresponding to the historical azimuth, in order to perform a first beam scan.

[0379] The control module 1302 can be used to determine the first beam from the plurality of beams formed by the antenna array based on the result of the first beam scan.

[0380] The control module 1302 can also be used to rotate the antenna array to a first position through the rotating component, so that the azimuth of the normal beam of the antenna array corresponds to the azimuth of the first beam before the antenna array is rotated to the first position.

[0381] The transceiver module 1301 can also be used to communicate with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array corresponding to the first azimuth.

[0382] It should be noted that all relevant content of each step involved in the above method embodiments can be referenced from the functional description of the corresponding functional module, and will not be repeated here.

[0383] The terminal device provided in this embodiment is used to execute the above-described beam training method, and therefore can achieve the same effect as the above method.

[0384] When each functional module is divided according to its corresponding function, the terminal device may include a first antenna module, which includes an antenna array and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array. The antenna array is used to form multiple beams with different directions. The terminal device may also include a transceiver module and a control module.

[0385] The control module can be used to determine the communication fraction of the third beam, which is the beam currently used by the transceiver module, when the antenna array of the first antenna module currently corresponds to a third bit.

[0386] The transceiver module can be used to communicate with the first network device using the third beam when the communication score of the third beam is lower than a second preset score and the continuous duration for which the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score is less than a first preset duration.

[0387] It should be noted that all relevant content of each step involved in the above method embodiments can be referenced from the functional description of the corresponding functional module, and will not be repeated here.

[0388] The terminal device provided in this embodiment is used to execute the above-described beam training method, and therefore can achieve the same effect as the above method.

[0389] When each functional module is divided according to its corresponding function, the terminal device may include a first antenna module and a second antenna module; the first antenna module includes an antenna array and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array, the antenna array being used to form multiple beams with different directions; the second antenna module may include multiple antennas, the multiple antennas including the first antenna and the second antenna; the terminal device may also include a transceiver module.

[0390] The transceiver module can be used to communicate with a first network device through the antenna array of the first antenna module.

[0391] The transceiver module can also be used to communicate with a second network device through the first antenna of the second antenna module.

[0392] The transceiver module can also be used to communicate with the second network device using the second antenna when there is mutual interference between the first antenna module and the second antenna module, wherein the distance between the second antenna and the antenna array is greater than the distance between the first antenna and the antenna array.

[0393] It should be noted that all relevant content of each step involved in the above method embodiments can be referenced from the functional description of the corresponding functional module, and will not be repeated here.

[0394] The terminal device provided in this embodiment is used to execute the above-described communication method, and therefore can achieve the same effect as the above-described communication method.

[0395] When each functional module is divided according to its corresponding function, the terminal device may include a first antenna module and a second antenna module; the first antenna module includes an antenna array and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array, the antenna array being used to form multiple beams with different directions; the second antenna module may include the first antenna; the terminal device may also include a transceiver module and a control module.

[0396] The transceiver module can be used to rotate the antenna array of the first antenna module through the rotating component of the first antenna module, so that the transceiver module can communicate with the first network device in the plurality of directions through the antenna array.

[0397] The control module can be used to determine a plurality of communication scores that correspond one-to-one with the plurality of directions, the plurality of communication scores including the communication score of the fifth direction and the communication score of the sixth direction, wherein the communication score of the fifth direction is higher than the other communication scores among the plurality of communication scores except for the communication score of the fifth direction.

[0398] The transceiver module can also be used to communicate with the first network device using a sixth beam through the antenna array corresponding to the fifth position.

[0399] The transceiver module can also be used to communicate with a second network device using the first antenna of the second antenna module.

[0400] The transceiver module can also be used to communicate with the first network device using a seventh beam through an antenna array corresponding to the sixth position, provided that the antenna array corresponds to the fifth position and there is mutual interference between the first antenna module and the second antenna module.

[0401] It should be noted that all relevant content of each step involved in the above method embodiments can be referenced from the functional description of the corresponding functional module, and will not be repeated here.

[0402] The terminal device provided in this embodiment is used to execute the above-described communication method, and therefore can achieve the same effect as the above-described communication method.

[0403] When using integrated units, the terminal device may include a processing module, a storage module, and a communication module. The processing module can be used to control and manage the actions of the terminal device; for example, it can support the terminal device in executing the steps performed by the aforementioned units. The storage module can support the terminal device in executing stored program code and data.

[0404] The processing module can be a processor or a controller. It can implement or execute various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the disclosure of this application. The processor can also be a combination that implements computing functions, such as a combination of one or more microprocessors, a combination of digital signal processing (DSP) and a microprocessor, etc. The storage module can be a memory.

[0405] This embodiment also provides a computer program product that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the aforementioned related steps to implement the beam training method or communication method in the above embodiment.

[0406] In addition, embodiments of this application also provide an apparatus, which may specifically be a chip, component or module. The apparatus may include a connected processor and a memory; wherein the memory is used to store computer execution instructions, and when the apparatus is running, the processor may execute the computer execution instructions stored in the memory to cause the chip to execute the beam training method or communication method in the above method embodiments.

[0407] This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a computer, implements the flow of the beam training method or the flow of the communication method in any of the above method embodiments.

[0408] This application also provides a computer program or a computer program product including a computer program, which, when executed on a computer, will enable the computer to implement the beam training method flow or communication method flow in any of the above method embodiments.

[0409] This application also provides an apparatus coupled to a memory for reading and executing instructions stored in the memory, enabling the apparatus to execute the beam training method flow or communication method flow in any of the above method embodiments. The memory may be integrated into the processor or may be independent of the processor. The apparatus may be a chip (such as a system-on-a-chip (SoC)).

[0410] It should be understood that the processor mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. A general-purpose processor can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0411] It should also be understood that the memory mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. The non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. The volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), which is used as an external cache. By way of example, but not limitation, many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDR SDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous linked dynamic random access memory (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DR RAM).

[0412] It should be noted that the memories described herein are intended to include, but are not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memories.

[0413] It should also be understood that the use of the terms "first," "second," and various numerical designations in this document is merely for descriptive convenience and is not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0414] In this application, "and / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A existing alone, A and B existing simultaneously, or B existing alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character " / " generally indicates that the related objects before and after it are in an "or" relationship.

[0415] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or multiple items. For example, "at least one of a, b, or c", or "at least one of a, b, and c", can both mean: a, b, c, ab (i.e., a and b), ac, bc, or abc, where a, b, and c can be single or multiple.

[0416] It should be understood that in the various embodiments of this application, the order of the above processes does not imply the order of execution. Some or all steps may be executed in parallel or sequentially. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0417] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the units and algorithm steps of the various examples described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether these functions are implemented in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Those skilled in the art can use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered beyond the scope of this application.

[0418] Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the specific working processes of the systems, devices, and units described above can be referred to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0419] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, apparatuses, and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be through some interfaces; the indirect coupling or communication connection between apparatuses or units may be electrical, mechanical, or other forms.

[0420] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0421] In addition, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit.

[0422] If the aforementioned functions are implemented as software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or a portion of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned storage medium includes various media capable of storing program code, such as USB flash drives, portable hard drives, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disks, or optical disks.

[0423] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for beam training, characterized in that, The method is applied to a terminal device, the terminal device including a first antenna module, the first antenna module including an antenna array and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array, the antenna array being used to form multiple beams with different directions; the method includes: Using the antenna array corresponding to the historical orientation, the terminal device communicates with the first network device using multiple beams formed by the antenna array to perform a first beam scan; The terminal device determines the first beam from the multiple beams formed by the antenna array based on the result of the first beam scan. The terminal device rotates the antenna array to a first position via the rotating component, so that the azimuth of the normal beam of the antenna array corresponds to the azimuth of the first beam before the antenna array is rotated to the first position. The terminal device communicates with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array corresponding to the first orientation.

2. The beam training method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: The terminal device determines the angle by which the rotating component rotates the antenna array to the first position based on the angle between the first beam and the normal beam of the antenna array.

3. The beam training method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The first beam satisfies at least one of the following: The terminal device uses the first beam to complete the random access process; The communication score corresponding to the first beam is higher than the first preset score.

4. The beam training method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The communication score corresponding to the first beam is determined according to at least one of the following: The reference signal received power RSRP, signal-to-noise ratio SNR, spectral efficiency, and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio SINR corresponding to the first beam.

5. The beam training method according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 4, characterized in that, The method further includes: The antenna array is rotated to multiple locations around the first location using the rotating component. For each of the multiple locations, the terminal device communicates with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array to perform a second beam scan. The terminal device determines the second orientation from the plurality of orientations based on the result of the second beam scan; The terminal device communicates with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array corresponding to the second orientation.

6. The beam training method according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 4, characterized in that, The step of the terminal device communicating with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array corresponding to the first azimuth includes: The terminal device communicates with the first network device using multiple beams formed by the antenna array corresponding to the first orientation to perform a second beam scan. The multiple beams formed by the antenna array include the normal beam of the antenna array. The method further includes: The terminal device determines the second beam from the multiple beams formed by the antenna array based on the result of the second beam scan. The terminal device communicates with the first network device using the second beam through the antenna array corresponding to the first orientation.

7. The beam training method according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 4, characterized in that, The step of the terminal device communicating with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array corresponding to the first azimuth includes: The terminal device communicates with the first network device using multiple beams formed by the antenna array corresponding to the first orientation to perform a second beam scan. The multiple beams formed by the antenna array include the normal beam of the antenna array. The method further includes: The terminal device determines the second beam from the multiple beams formed by the antenna array based on the result of the second beam scan. The terminal device rotates the antenna array to a second position via the rotating component, so that the azimuth of the normal beam of the antenna array corresponds to the azimuth of the second beam before the antenna array is rotated to the second position; The terminal device communicates with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array corresponding to the second orientation.

8. The beam training method according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 4, characterized in that, The historical location satisfies at least one of the following: The historical azimuth is the azimuth most recently used by the antenna array; The historical azimuth refers to the azimuth where the antenna array uses the highest frequency.

9. The beam training method according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 4, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the antenna array currently corresponds to a third bit, the terminal device determines the communication fraction of the third beam, where the third beam is the beam currently used by the terminal device; If the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score, and the duration for which the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score is less than the first preset duration, the terminal device uses the third beam to communicate with the first network device.

10. The beam training method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score, and the continuous duration of the communication score of the third beam being lower than the second preset score is greater than the first preset duration and less than the second preset duration, the terminal device uses the antenna array corresponding to the third third position to communicate with the first network device using multiple beams formed by the antenna array to perform third beam scanning, where the second preset duration is greater than the first preset duration. The terminal device determines a fourth beam based on the result of the third beam scan, and the fourth beam is either the receiving beam or the transmitting beam of the terminal device.

11. A communication method, characterized in that, The communication method is applied to a terminal device, the terminal device including a first antenna module and a second antenna module, the first antenna module including an antenna array as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array, the antenna array being used to form multiple beams with different directions, the second antenna module including multiple antennas, the multiple antennas including a first antenna and a second antenna; the method includes: The terminal device communicates with the first network device through the antenna array; The terminal device communicates with the second network device through the first antenna; In the event of mutual interference between the first antenna module and the second antenna module, the terminal device uses the second antenna to communicate with the second network device, and the distance between the second antenna and the antenna array is greater than the distance between the first antenna and the antenna array.

12. A communication method, characterized in that, The communication method is applied to a terminal device, the terminal device including a first antenna module and a second antenna module, the first antenna module including an antenna array as described in any one of claims 1 to 10, and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array, the antenna array being used to form multiple beams with different directions, the second antenna module including multiple antennas, the multiple antennas including the first antenna; the method includes: The terminal device rotates the antenna array via the rotating component, enabling the terminal device to communicate with the first network device in multiple directions via the antenna array; The terminal device determines a plurality of communication scores that correspond one-to-one with the plurality of directions. The plurality of communication scores include a communication score for the fifth direction and a communication score for the sixth direction. The communication score for the fifth direction is higher than the other communication scores among the plurality of communication scores except for the communication score for the fifth direction. The terminal device communicates with the first network device using the sixth beam via the antenna array corresponding to the fifth position. The terminal device uses the first antenna to communicate with the second network device; When the antenna array corresponds to the fifth position and there is mutual interference between the first antenna module and the second antenna module, the terminal device communicates with the first network device using the seventh beam through the antenna array corresponding to the sixth position.

13. The communication method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The method further includes: The terminal device determines the identifier of the seventh beam based on the azimuth angle between the fifth and sixth directions and the identifier of the sixth beam.

14. The communication method according to claim 12, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the antenna array corresponds to the sixth position and there is mutual interference between the first antenna module and the second antenna module, the terminal device uses the second antenna in the second antenna module to communicate with the second network device, and the distance between the second antenna and the antenna array is greater than the distance between the first antenna and the antenna array.

15. A terminal device, characterized in that, include: A first antenna module, comprising an antenna array and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array, wherein the antenna array is used to form multiple beams with different directions; The transceiver module is used to communicate with the first network device through the antenna array corresponding to the historical azimuth using multiple beams formed by the antenna array to perform a first beam scan; The control module is used to determine the first beam from the plurality of beams formed by the antenna array based on the result of the first beam scanning. The control module is further configured to rotate the antenna array to a first position via the rotating component, so that the azimuth of the normal beam of the antenna array corresponds to the azimuth of the first beam before the antenna array is rotated to the first position. The transceiver module is further configured to communicate with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array corresponding to the first orientation.

16. The terminal device according to claim 15, characterized in that, The control module is further configured to determine the angle by which the rotating component rotates the antenna array to a first position based on the angle between the first beam and the normal beam of the antenna array.

17. The terminal device according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that, The first beam satisfies at least one of the following: The transceiver module uses the first beam to complete the random access process; The communication score corresponding to the first beam is higher than the first preset score.

18. The terminal device according to claim 17, characterized in that, The communication score corresponding to the first beam is determined according to at least one of the following: The reference signal received power RSRP, signal-to-noise ratio SNR, spectral efficiency, and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio SINR corresponding to the first beam.

19. The terminal device according to any one of claims 15, 16, and 18, characterized in that, The control module is further configured to rotate the antenna array to multiple locations around the first location via the rotating component, such that the transceiver module communicates with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array for each of the multiple locations to perform a second beam scan. The control module is further configured to determine a second orientation from the plurality of orientations based on the result of the second beam scanning; The transceiver module is further configured to communicate with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array corresponding to the second orientation.

20. The terminal device according to any one of claims 15, 16, and 18, characterized in that, The transceiver module is specifically used to communicate with the first network device through the antenna array corresponding to the first direction using multiple beams formed by the antenna array to perform a second beam scan. The multiple beams formed by the antenna array include the normal beam of the antenna array. The control module is further configured to determine the second beam from the plurality of beams formed by the antenna array based on the result of the second beam scanning. The transceiver module is further configured to communicate with the first network device using the second beam through the antenna array corresponding to the first orientation.

21. The terminal device according to any one of claims 15, 16, and 18, characterized in that, The transceiver module is specifically used to communicate with the first network device through the antenna array corresponding to the first direction using multiple beams formed by the antenna array to perform a second beam scan. The multiple beams formed by the antenna array include the normal beam of the antenna array. The control module is further configured to determine the second beam from the plurality of beams formed by the antenna array based on the result of the second beam scanning. The control module is further configured to rotate the antenna array to a second position via the rotating component, so that the azimuth of the normal beam of the antenna array corresponds to the azimuth of the second beam before the antenna array is rotated to the second position; The transceiver module is further configured to communicate with the first network device using the normal beam of the antenna array corresponding to the second orientation.

22. The terminal device according to any one of claims 15, 16, and 18, characterized in that, The historical location satisfies at least one of the following: The historical azimuth is the azimuth most recently used by the antenna array; The historical azimuth refers to the azimuth where the antenna array uses the highest frequency.

23. The terminal device according to any one of claims 15, 16, and 18, characterized in that, The control module is also used to determine the communication fraction of the third beam when the antenna array currently corresponds to a third bit, wherein the third beam is the beam currently used by the transceiver module; The transceiver module is further configured to communicate with the first network device using the third beam when the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score and the continuous duration for which the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score is less than the first preset duration.

24. The terminal device according to claim 23, characterized in that, The transceiver module is further configured to, when the communication score of the third beam is lower than the second preset score, and the continuous duration of the communication score of the third beam being lower than the second preset score is greater than the first preset duration and less than the second preset duration, communicate with the first network device through the antenna array corresponding to the third third position using multiple beams formed by the antenna array to perform third beam scanning, wherein the second preset duration is greater than the first preset duration; The control module is further configured to determine a fourth beam based on the result of the third beam scan, wherein the fourth beam is the receiving beam or the transmitting beam of the terminal device.

25. A terminal device, characterized in that, include: A first antenna module, comprising an antenna array as described in any one of claims 15 to 24, and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array, the antenna array being used to form multiple beams with different directions; The second antenna module includes multiple antennas, including a first antenna and a second antenna. The transceiver module is used to communicate with the first network device through the antenna array; The transceiver module is also used to communicate with a second network device via the first antenna; The transceiver module is further configured to communicate with the second network device using the second antenna when there is mutual interference between the first antenna module and the second antenna module, wherein the distance between the second antenna and the antenna array is greater than the distance between the first antenna and the antenna array.

26. A terminal device, characterized in that, include: A first antenna module, comprising an antenna array as described in any one of claims 15 to 24, and a rotating component for rotating the antenna array, the antenna array being used to form multiple beams with different directions; The second antenna module includes multiple antennas, including a first antenna. The control module is used to rotate the antenna array through the rotating component, so that the terminal device can communicate with the first network device in multiple directions through the antenna array; The control module is further configured to determine a plurality of communication scores that correspond one-to-one with the plurality of directions, the plurality of communication scores including a communication score for the fifth direction and a communication score for the sixth direction, wherein the communication score for the fifth direction is higher than the other communication scores among the plurality of communication scores except for the communication score for the fifth direction. The transceiver module is used to communicate with the first network device using a sixth beam through the antenna array corresponding to the fifth position; The transceiver module is also used to communicate with the second network device using the first antenna; The transceiver module is further configured to communicate with the first network device using a seventh beam through an antenna array corresponding to the sixth position, provided that the antenna array corresponds to the fifth position and there is mutual interference between the first antenna module and the second antenna module.

27. The terminal device according to claim 26, characterized in that, The control module is further configured to determine the identifier of the seventh beam based on the azimuth angle between the fifth and sixth positions and the identifier of the sixth beam.

28. The terminal device according to claim 26, characterized in that, The transceiver module is further configured to, when the antenna array corresponds to the sixth position and the first antenna module and the second antenna module interfere with each other, use the second antenna in the second antenna module to communicate with the second network device, wherein the distance between the second antenna and the antenna array is greater than the distance between the first antenna and the antenna array.

29. A non-volatile computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, Includes computer instructions that, when executed on an electronic device, cause the electronic device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-14.

30. A computer program product containing instructions, characterized in that, When the computer program product is run on an electronic device, it causes the electronic device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-14.

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