A multifunctional landslide model test device capable of multi-dimensional movement

Abstract

The invention discloses a multifunctional landslide model test device capable of multi-dimensional movement, comprising an outer frame, an inner frame and a landslide test bench, wherein the inner frame is installed in the outer frame through a three-dimensional moving mechanism, and can be driven by the three-dimensional moving mechanism to move relative to the outer frame in the X, Y|, and Z directions, and a circular mounting groove with a horizontal axis is provided at the center of the inner frame; the landslide test bench can be freely rotated and installed in the circular mounting groove; a square landslide test groove is provided at the center of the landslide test bench, and a plurality of loading jacks are respectively provided on the upper, lower, left, and right sides of the landslide test groove; the landslide model comprises a model box and landslide soil arranged in the model box, and the model box comprises two front and rear fixed plates and four side plates, and the side plates are designed with notches at the designed landslide location. The invention has a simple structure, is easy to use, and can simulate the stability of a landslide in a vibration or earthquake environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of civil engineering, relates to a landslide engineering test research technology, and in particular to a multifunctional landslide model test device capable of multi-dimensional movement. Background Art

[0002] Landslides, collapses, mudslides and other geological disasters seriously threaten the safety of human life. Among them, landslides are often sudden, high-frequency and destructive. They are recognized as the second largest natural disaster after earthquakes, and one of the most extensive, destructive and longest geological disasters faced by humans. Since the on-site landslide model test is affected by the site and human factors, it is costly and time-consuming. As an important means of developing landslide-related technologies, model tests have the advantages of low cost and easy operation. It is an effective method to study the force mechanism of landslides. It can intuitively observe the deformation and failure process of landslides, providing an important basis for landslide research.

[0003] Although the research and development of landslide physical model test equipment has promoted the development of geomechanical model test research to a certain extent, there are still certain limitations or defects. The changes in landslide stress conditions are difficult to simulate, and the external boundary conditions of landslides are often not constant during their evolution. Existing test equipment often cannot achieve the simulation of a complete landslide geomechanical model by applying external loads.

[0004] In addition, for landslides on both sides of the railway, due to the long-term vibration caused by the passing of trains, their stability is far worse than other types of landslides. Therefore, studying the impact of the earthquake environment on landslides is of great significance to ensuring the safety of railway operations. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention designs a multifunctional landslide model test device capable of multi-dimensional movement, which can effectively simulate the stress conditions in different directions of the actual landslide, and simultaneously monitor the stress and deformation conditions of the landslide model in the corresponding directions, so as to further explore the stress law of the landslide. At the same time, it can also restore its initial state and continue to simulate new stress conditions to explore other stress laws.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] A multifunctional landslide model test device capable of multi-dimensional movement, comprising:

[0008] The outer frame serves as the load-bearing frame of the test device;

[0009] The inner frame is installed in the outer frame through a three-dimensional moving mechanism and can be driven by the three-dimensional moving mechanism to move relative to the outer frame in the X, Y|, and Z directions. A circular mounting groove with a horizontal axis is provided at the center of the inner frame;

[0010] The landslide test bench can be freely rotatably installed in the circular installation groove and can rotate around the axis of the circular installation groove; a square landslide test groove is arranged at the center of the landslide test bench, and a plurality of loading jacks are respectively arranged on the upper, lower, left and right sides of the landslide test groove; a test space for installing the landslide model is formed by the plurality of loading jacks;

[0011] The landslide model comprises a model box and landslide soil arranged in the model box. The model box comprises two front and rear fixed plates and four side plates connecting the two fixed plates. The fixed plates are made of rigid materials, and the side plates are made of flexible materials with certain deformation capabilities. At the designed landslide location, the side plates are designed with notches.

[0012] Furthermore, the loading jack is installed on the inner wall of the landslide test groove through an axial sliding pair, and the axial sliding pair is parallel to the axis of the circular installation groove, so that the axial position of the loading jack can be adjusted.

[0013] Furthermore, a loading head installed through a ball joint is provided at the front end of the loading jack.

[0014] Furthermore, each side of the landslide test trough is provided with 1-5 installation points, and each installation point is provided with 1-4 loading jacks distributed in the X direction.

[0015] Furthermore, the three-dimensional moving mechanism includes an intermediate frame, an X-direction jack, a Y-direction jack, and a Z-direction jack; the inner frame is installed in the intermediate frame, and the left and right sides of the inner frame are respectively connected to the intermediate frame through a plurality of horizontally arranged Y-direction jacks, and the position of the inner frame relative to the intermediate frame in the Y direction can be adjusted by telescoping the Y-direction jacks on the left and right sides;

[0016] The intermediate frame is installed in the outer frame, and the upper and lower sides of the intermediate frame are connected to the outer frame through a plurality of vertical Z-direction jacks respectively; the position of the intermediate frame relative to the outer frame in the Z direction can be adjusted by the extension and retraction of the upper and lower Z-direction jacks;

[0017] The Z-direction jack is connected to the middle frame or the outer frame via an X-direction sliding pair;

[0018] A number of X-direction jacks which are horizontally installed and can freely extend and retract in the X-direction are also provided between the intermediate frame and the outer frame. The position of the intermediate frame relative to the outer frame in the X-direction can be adjusted by extending and retracting the X-direction jacks; the X-direction is the same as the axial direction of the circular mounting groove, and the X-direction jacks are connected to the intermediate frame or the outer frame through a Z-direction sliding pair.

[0019] Furthermore, a plurality of first rolling bodies for reducing rotational friction are arranged between the outer wall of the landslide test bench and the inner wall of the inner frame.

[0020] Furthermore, a plurality of second rolling bodies capable of reducing the friction force of Y-direction movement are arranged between the upper and lower sides of the inner frame and the middle frame.

[0021] Furthermore, a plurality of third rolling bodies capable of reducing the friction force of Z-direction movement are arranged between the left and right sides of the middle frame and the inner wall of the outer frame.

[0022] Furthermore, the outer frame is composed of two rectangular frames that are arranged in parallel at an interval and are fixedly connected, the left and right sides of the middle frame are provided with load-bearing parts extending outward, the X-axis jack is arranged between the load-bearing part of the middle frame and the rectangular frame on the corresponding side, and the X-axis jack is connected to the rectangular frame or the middle frame through a Z-axis sliding pair.

[0023] Furthermore, the inner frame is a cubic frame of reinforced concrete structure or steel structure; the middle frame is a rectangular frame of steel structure; and the rectangular frame of the outer frame is composed of four cross-shaped reinforced concrete columns.

[0024] The basic principle of the device of the present invention is: firstly, the position of the landslide model is adjusted to the theoretical center by controlling the jacks acting on the XYZ axis, and the corresponding direction loads are applied to the landslide model by using the internal jacks in the four directions of up, down, left, and right to simulate its working condition and perform dynamic deformation monitoring at the same time, and the earthquake is simulated by controlling the jacks acting on the XYZ axis, and the directional seismic waves are simulated by the jacks in different directions, so as to detect the stability of the landslide in the earthquake environment. The deformation monitoring is realized because the internal jack devices in the four directions are closely connected to the surface of the landslide. When the landslide is deformed, the jacks will be dynamically adjusted and actively extended / compressed, so as to observe and record the deformation data by wire or wireless.

[0025] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0026] The multifunctional landslide model test device capable of multi-dimensional movement designed by the present invention has significant advantages and social and economic benefits. The following are five main beneficial effects:

[0027] (1) The model test device is easy to assemble and splice, and has strong operability.

[0028] (2) It can simulate the stress conditions of the landslide model in four directions and monitor the deformation accordingly.

[0029] (3) The internal jacks in the four directions have built-in deformation monitoring function, which can control and observe data through wired or wireless means and save them, greatly reducing manual labor intensity and work costs.

[0030] (4) By embedding the annular slide rail inside, not only can the position of the landslide model be finely adjusted, but the model can also be rotated to better view the deformation around the landslide during loading.

[0031] (5) The three-dimensional movable loading system makes it easier to adjust the position of the landslide model in the XYZ direction, and can simulate seismic waves in a specific direction to study the impact of earthquakes or other vibration environments on landslides. In particular, it can simulate the impact of railway vibration on landslides on both sides. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the multifunctional landslide model test device of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 2 It is a front view of the multifunctional landslide model test device of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged schematic diagram;

[0035] Figure 4 The right side view of the multifunctional landslide model test device of the present invention

[0036] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional moving mechanism on the inner frame and the middle frame of the multifunctional landslide model test device of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional moving mechanism on the outer frame of the multifunctional landslide model test device of the present invention.

[0038] In the figure: 1-landslide model, 110-model box, 111-fixed plate, 112-side plate, 120-landslide soil, 130-designed landslide, 2-loading jack, 3-landslide test bench, 31-landslide test groove, 4-inner frame, 41-circular mounting groove, 5-middle frame, 51-load-bearing part, 6-outer frame, 61-rectangular frame, 7-loading head, 8-axial sliding pair, 9-first rolling element, 10-X-direction jack, 11-Y-direction jack, 12-Z-direction jack, 13-second rolling element, 14-third rolling element, 15-X-direction sliding pair, 16-Z-direction sliding pair. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0040] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0041] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside" and "outside" etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the technical solutions of the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0042] like Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the present invention improves a multifunctional landslide model test device capable of multi-dimensional movement, including

[0043] The outer frame 6 serves as a load-bearing frame of the test device;

[0044] The inner frame 4 is installed in the outer frame 6 through a three-dimensional moving mechanism, and can be driven by the three-dimensional moving mechanism to move relative to the outer frame 6 in the X, Y|, and Z directions. A circular mounting groove 41 is provided at the center of the inner frame 4;

[0045] The landslide test bench 3 is freely rotatably installed in the circular installation groove 41. A square landslide test groove 31 is provided at the center of the landslide test bench 3. A plurality of loading jacks 2 are respectively provided on the upper, lower, left and right sides of the landslide test groove 31. The plurality of loading jacks 2 form a test space for installing the landslide model 1.

[0046] The landslide model 1 includes a model box 110 and a landslide soil 120 arranged in the model box 110. The model box 110 includes two front and rear fixed plates 111 and four side plates 112 connecting the two fixed plates 111. The fixed plates 111 are made of rigid materials, and the side plates 112 are made of flexible materials with certain deformation capabilities. At the designed landslide 130, the side plates 112 are designed with notches.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment, a positioning clamping mechanism is provided between the landslide test bench 3 and the inner frame 4, which may be a positioning pin shaft hole or a brake. After the orientation of the landslide test bench 3 is rotated, the orientation of the landslide test bench 3 can be fixed to meet the posture adjustment requirements of different landslide models.

[0048] As a preferred embodiment, in order to facilitate observation, the fixed plate 111 can be made of a transparent glass plate or a plexiglass plate, and the side plate 112 can be made of a transparent plastic plate. The side plate 112 does not need to be very elastic, and does not need to be a rigid or brittle plastic plate, such as PP or PE plastic plates.

[0049] As a common knowledge, in order to complete the landslide model 1 test, the model box 110 is also equipped with common sensors of the landslide model 1 such as soil pressure sensors and strain sensors, which will not be described one by one in the present invention.

[0050] The present invention sets a revolving pair so that the landslide test bench 3 can rotate freely, thereby adjusting the direction of the landslide model 1 and reducing or eliminating the influence of its deadweight on its structure. The present invention can adjust the position of the landslide model 1 through a three-dimensional moving mechanism so that the axis of the landslide model 1 is consistently on the designed axis line, that is, located at the theoretical center, or simulate an earthquake through a three-dimensional moving mechanism to detect the seismic resistance of the landslide.

[0051] The present invention arranges uniformly distributed loading jacks 2 in the landslide test trough 31 of the landslide test bench 3, so that the landslide model 1 can be loaded from all directions. The loading jacks 2 can be uniformly distributed or non-uniformly distributed to simulate the force requirements of different landslide models 1.

[0052] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 2 and Figure 4 As shown, the loading jack 2 is installed on the inner wall of the landslide test groove 31 through an axial sliding pair 8. The direction of the axial sliding pair 8 is parallel to the axis of the circular mounting groove 41, so that the position of the loading jack 2 can be axially adjusted. In this embodiment, the axial sliding pair 8 includes an axial dovetail groove provided on the side wall of the landslide test groove 31 and an axial dovetail slider provided on the loading jack 2 and matched with the axial dovetail groove.

[0053] As a more preferred embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, multiple loading jacks 2 can be set in the direction of each axial sliding pair 8. For example, multiple axial dovetail sliders can be set in an axial dovetail slot, and a loading jack 2 is installed on each axial dovetail slider. This can simulate the stress difference in different thickness directions of the landslide model 1.

[0054] As a preferred embodiment, the front end of the loading jack 2 is provided with a loading head 7 installed by a ball joint, which is self-adaptive through the ball joint so that when the landslide model 1 undergoes slight deformation or deformation, the loading jack 2 can still normally apply uniform force.

[0055] As a preferred embodiment, the jacks are also provided with extension sensors or distance sensors for independently detecting the loading amount of each jack.

[0056] As a preferred embodiment, a pressure sensor is provided at the front end of each jack for detecting the precise loading force of each jack.

[0057] As a preferred embodiment, the number of the loading jacks 22 is related to the size of the actual landslide model 1 and the type of test to be performed. Generally, each side of the landslide test trough 31 is provided with 1-5 installation points, and each installation point is provided with 1-4 loading jacks 2 distributed in the X direction.

[0058] As a preferred embodiment, Figures 1 to 6 As shown, the three-dimensional moving mechanism includes an intermediate frame 5, an X-direction jack 10, a Y-direction jack 11 and a Z-direction jack 12; the outer side of the inner frame 4 is a square frame, which is installed in the intermediate frame 5, and the left and right sides of the inner frame 4 are respectively connected to the intermediate frame 5 through a plurality of horizontally arranged Y-direction jacks 11, and the position of the inner frame 4 relative to the intermediate frame 5 in the Y direction can be adjusted by the extension and contraction of the Y-direction jacks 11 on the left and right sides;

[0059] The intermediate frame 5 is installed in the outer frame 6, and the upper and lower sides of the intermediate frame 5 are connected to the outer frame 6 through a plurality of vertical Z-direction jacks 12; the position of the intermediate frame 5 relative to the outer frame 6 in the Z direction can be adjusted by the extension and retraction of the upper and lower Z-direction jacks 12;

[0060] The Z-direction jack 12 is connected to the middle frame 5 or the outer frame 6 via an X-direction sliding pair 15;

[0061] A plurality of X-direction jacks 10 which are horizontally installed and can freely extend and retract in the X-direction are also provided between the middle frame 5 and the outer frame 6. The position of the middle frame 5 relative to the outer frame 6 in the X-direction can be adjusted by extending and retracting the X-direction jacks 10. The X-direction is the same as the axial direction of the rotation axis of the landslide test bench 3. The X-direction jacks 10 are connected to the middle frame 5 or the outer frame 6 through a Z-direction sliding pair 16.

[0062] As a preferred embodiment, the X-axis jack 10, the Y-axis jack 11 and the Z-axis jack 12 are all provided with extension sensors or distance sensors for independently detecting the load amount of each jack, and the front ends are all provided with pressure sensors for detecting the precise loading force of each jack.

[0063] As a preferred embodiment, the landslide test bench 3 is a copper coin-like structural plate with an outer circle and an inner square, and the inner square is a landslide test groove 31; the inner frame 4 is a plate-like structure with an inner circle and an outer square, and the inner circle is a circular mounting groove 41; a plurality of first rolling bodies 9 for reducing rotational friction are arranged between the outer wall of the landslide test bench 3 and the inner wall of the circular mounting groove 41 of the inner frame 4; a plurality of second rolling bodies 13 capable of reducing Y-direction movement friction are arranged between the upper and lower sides of the inner frame 4 and the middle frame 5; the middle frame 5 and the outer frame 6 are both square frames, and a plurality of third rolling bodies 14 capable of reducing Z-direction movement friction are arranged between the left and right sides of the middle frame 5 and the inner wall of the outer frame 6. The first rolling body 9, the second rolling body 13 and the third rolling body 14 are all balls or rollers.

[0064] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the outer frame 6 is composed of two rectangular frames 61 arranged in parallel at an interval and fixedly connected to each other or two rectangular frames 61 are fixed on the test bench, and the left and right sides of the intermediate frame 5 are provided with load-bearing parts 51 extending outward, and the X-axis jack 10 is arranged between the load-bearing part 51 of the intermediate frame 5 and the rectangular frame 61 on the corresponding side, and the X-axis jack 10 is connected to the rectangular frame 61 or the intermediate frame 5 through a Z-axis sliding pair 16.

[0065] As a preferred embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, the inner frame 4 is a cubic frame of reinforced concrete structure or steel structure; the middle frame 5 is a rectangular frame of steel structure; the rectangular frame of the outer frame 6 is composed of four cross-shaped reinforced concrete columns.

[0066] As a preferred embodiment, the multifunctional landslide model test device further includes a controller for receiving detection data from each sensor and controlling the actions of each jack.

[0067] The method for using the multifunctional landslide model test device of the present invention is to simulate the seismic resistance of the landslide model 1, such as Figure 1 The specific steps are as follows:

[0068] S1: Placing the landslide model 1: Control the loading jack 2 in the landslide test bench 3 to be retracted so as to reserve enough space for placing the landslide model 1. After placement, the internal loading jack 2 is extended to just contact with the landslide model 1 to play a temporary fixing role.

[0069] The designed landslide 130 of the landslide model 1 is set in the upper right corner. Therefore, a notch is set on the upper side of the right side plate 112 of the model box 110 to reserve space for landslide collapse. The upper side plate 112 of the model box 110 adopts a flexible plate, or the upper side plate 112 is not set. Stress sensors and strain sensors are pre-installed in the landslide model 1.

[0070] S2: Adjustment of the position of the landslide model 1: Through the three-dimensional movable mechanism, the extension of the jacks on each side is continuously adjusted to make the landslide model 1 move in three directions of XYZ until the position of the landslide model 1 is located at the theoretical center.

[0071] S2: Installation and start-up of monitoring equipment: strain sensors in the required research area are arranged in the landslide model 1 and started, and the pressure and strain monitoring system of the loading jack 2 is turned on. In order to jam the landslide model 1, the landslide model 1 itself also has gravity. At this time, the pressure of some loading jacks 2 has an initial force, which is assumed to be zero during the test, and the loading end force is the force increment.

[0072] S3: Apply the corresponding working condition force: adjust the loading jack 2 located at the landslide to load, simulate the stress on the landslide model 1 in this direction, and judge the loading degree through the strain sensor. At this time, the landslide model 1 will produce corresponding stress deformation. At this time, each loading jack 2 is dynamically monitoring and recording data. After loading to the required stress, the three-dimensional moving mechanism is started to simulate vibration or earthquake until the landslide soil 120 in the upper right corner of the model box 110 collapses and a landslide occurs.

[0073] S4: Tunnel device adjustment and return to position: After the test, the monitoring data is automatically saved, and the deformation characteristics of the landslide model 1 under this working condition can be obtained through subsequent analysis.

[0074] It should be noted that, depending on the research object, the above-mentioned strain sensor can be replaced by a stress sensor, or a stress sensor can be added to facilitate related research.

[0075] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications or equivalent substitutions of the technical solutions of the present invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A multifunctional landslide model test device capable of multi-dimensional movement, characterized in that: include The outer frame serves as the load-bearing frame of the test device; The inner frame is installed in the outer frame through a three-dimensional moving mechanism and can be driven by the three-dimensional moving mechanism to move relative to the outer frame in the X, Y|, and Z directions. A circular mounting groove with a horizontal axis is provided at the center of the inner frame; The landslide test bench can be freely rotatably installed in the circular installation groove. A square landslide test groove is arranged at the center of the landslide test bench. A plurality of loading jacks are respectively arranged on the upper, lower, left and right sides of the landslide test groove. The plurality of loading jacks form a test space for installing the landslide model. The landslide model comprises a model box and landslide soil arranged in the model box, the model box comprises two front and rear fixed plates and four side plates connecting the two fixed plates, the fixed plates are made of rigid materials, the side plates are made of flexible materials with certain deformation ability, and the side plates are designed with notches at the designed landslide positions; The loading jack is installed on the inner wall of the landslide test groove through an axial sliding pair, and the axial sliding pair is parallel to the axis of the circular installation groove, so that the axial position of the loading jack can be adjusted; The three-dimensional moving mechanism includes an intermediate frame, an X-direction jack, a Y-direction jack and a Z-direction jack; the inner frame is installed in the intermediate frame, and the left and right sides of the inner frame are respectively connected to the intermediate frame through a plurality of horizontally arranged Y-direction jacks, and the position of the inner frame relative to the intermediate frame in the Y direction can be adjusted by the extension and contraction of the Y-direction jacks on the left and right sides; The intermediate frame is installed in the outer frame, and the upper and lower sides of the intermediate frame are connected to the outer frame through a plurality of vertical Z-direction jacks respectively; the position of the intermediate frame relative to the outer frame in the Z direction can be adjusted by the extension and retraction of the upper and lower Z-direction jacks; The Z-direction jack is connected to the middle frame or the outer frame via an X-direction sliding pair; A number of X-direction jacks which are horizontally installed and can freely extend and retract in the X-direction are also provided between the intermediate frame and the outer frame. The position of the intermediate frame relative to the outer frame in the X-direction can be adjusted by extending and retracting the X-direction jacks; the X-direction is the same as the axial direction of the circular mounting groove, and the X-direction jacks are connected to the intermediate frame or the outer frame through a Z-direction sliding pair.

2. The multifunctional landslide model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the loading jack is provided with a loading head installed through a ball joint.

3. The multifunctional landslide model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each side of the landslide test trough is provided with 1-5 installation points, and each installation point is provided with 1-4 loading jacks distributed in the X direction.

4. The multifunctional landslide model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of first rolling bodies for reducing rotational friction are arranged between the outer wall of the landslide test bench and the inner wall of the inner frame.

5. The multifunctional landslide model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of second rolling bodies capable of reducing the friction force of Y-direction movement are arranged between the upper and lower sides of the inner frame and the middle frame.

6. The multifunctional landslide model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of third rolling bodies capable of reducing the friction force of Z-direction movement are arranged between the left and right sides of the middle frame and the inner wall of the outer frame.

7. The multifunctional landslide model test device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer frame is composed of two rectangular frames that are arranged in parallel and spaced apart and fixedly connected. The left and right sides of the middle frame are provided with load-bearing parts extending outward. The X-direction jack is arranged between the load-bearing part of the middle frame and the rectangular frame on the corresponding side, and the X-direction jack is connected to the rectangular frame or the middle frame through a Z-direction sliding pair.

8. The multifunctional landslide model test device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The inner frame is a cubic frame of reinforced concrete structure or steel structure; the middle frame is a rectangular frame of steel structure; the rectangular frame of the outer frame is composed of four cross-shaped reinforced concrete columns.

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