Method, system and program product for detecting the connection status of electric bolts

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of vehicle testing and to a method for detecting the connection status of an electric bolt (2), wherein the method comprises the following steps: S1 acquiring data in a current loop connected to the electric bolt (2); S2 performing data dimension reduction on the acquired data; S3 performing probability statistics on the dimension-reduced data and obtaining control limits; S4 comparing the dimension-reduced data with the control limits; and S5 outputting an alarm signal if the dimension-reduced data exceeds the control limits. The present invention also relates to a system (1) for detecting the connection status of an electric bolt (2) and a computer program product. The present invention can realize real-time detection of the connection status of an electric bolt while utilizing an existing electrical system, without introducing a vibration device. The solution of the present invention can be simply and reliably used in an electric vehicle to detect the electrical connection status of a power battery and can output an alarm signal in a timely manner.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of vehicle testing, and more particularly to a method for detecting the connection status of an electric bolt. Furthermore, the present invention also relates to a system for detecting the connection status of an electric bolt and a computer program product. Background Art

[0002] Bolted connections are widely used in the automotive industry. This is particularly true in electric vehicles, where high current transmission often involves cables or busbars, and bolted connections are often used for electrical connection. During use, the load borne by the bolts often fluctuates, and vibration can cause bolted connections to loosen. This increases contact resistance in the transmission circuit, leading to increased losses, localized heating, and even, in severe cases, burnout.

[0003] At present, in the engineering practice of bolt connection, engineers widely use the torque wrench method to control the bolt preload in the connection structure. At the same time, they use the resistance strain gauge electrical measurement method and the pressure sensitive film method to measure the bolt connection status. However, these two methods cannot achieve online detection.

[0004] Online detection of bolt connection status is primarily based on vibration analysis (structural dynamics parameter models, piezoelectric sensing of electromechanical impedance) or ultrasonic guided wave (acoustic-elastic effect) detection. Existing online detection methods primarily analyze the vibration state of the bolts and use this to assess the connection status. However, these methods struggle to completely eliminate interference signals caused by factors such as complex environments and unstable loads. Consequently, most bolt condition detection solutions remain in the experimental stage, unable to truly achieve real-time and online detection of structural connection status.

[0005] Therefore, there is still a need for an improved solution for detecting, especially online detecting, the connection status of an electric bolt to address at least some of the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Based on this, the present invention proposes a highly efficient solution that not only overcomes the shortcomings of existing solutions but also enables simple and reliable real-time / online detection of electrical bolted connections within the system, leveraging existing system architectures without increasing system complexity. Furthermore, this technical solution is particularly applicable to small electrical systems, such as those in new energy vehicles or aircraft, due to its improved signal integrity, high detection frequency, and high accuracy. In the event of an incident, raw data can be accessed promptly, improving the efficiency of root cause analysis.

[0007] According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for detecting a connection state of an electric bolt, wherein the method comprises the following steps:

[0008] S1 acquires data in the current loop of the electric bolt connection;

[0009] S2 performs data dimensionality reduction on the acquired data;

[0010] S3 performs probability statistics on the reduced-dimensional data and obtains control limits;

[0011] S4 compares the reduced dimension data with the control limits; and

[0012] S5 outputs an alarm signal if the dimension-reduced data exceeds the control limit.

[0013] The basic concept of the present invention is to measure data related to electrical bolted connections, perform dimensionality reduction on this data, and determine control limits. By comparing the reduced dimensionality data with the control limits, the state of the electrical bolted connection can be determined online, and an alarm can be promptly issued if the electrical bolted connection is broken. This allows for particularly simple and reliable real-time / online monitoring of electrical bolted connections within the system, while utilizing existing system architecture and without increasing system complexity.

[0014] Advantageous configurations of the present invention for detecting the connection state of an electric bolt can be obtained from the following optional embodiments.

[0015] According to an optional embodiment of the method for detecting the connection status of an electrical bolt, the data includes a voltage drop across the electrical bolt. Alternatively or additionally, the data includes the current in the current circuit. Alternatively or additionally, the data includes the temperature in the current circuit. Alternatively or additionally, the data includes the humidity in the current circuit. Alternatively or additionally, the data includes the impedance of the electrical bolt, calculated from the detected voltage drop and current. This configuration allows for more comprehensive consideration of relevant parameters related to the electrical bolt connection and allows for evaluation of these parameters individually or in combination. This improves detection reliability and real-time performance by considering various parameters.

[0016] According to an optional embodiment of the method for detecting the connection status of an electrical bolt according to the present invention, in step S5, if the reduced-dimensional data exceeds the control limit for a defined time interval, an alarm signal is output. By setting the appropriate time interval, temporary (instantaneous) inaccuracies caused by vibrations, interference, or other influencing factors, such as the accuracy of the testing device, can be particularly reliably eliminated, thereby improving measurement accuracy and reliability.

[0017] According to an optional embodiment of the method for detecting the connection status of an electric bolt of the present invention, in step S5, raw measurement data is additionally recorded. This configuration can record the raw measurement data in real time and can be called up when performing root cause analysis later.

[0018] According to an optional embodiment of the method for detecting the connection status of an electrical bolt according to the present invention, in step S2, data dimensionality reduction is performed using principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), or locally linear embedding (LLE). By using different data dimensionality reduction methods, the corresponding measurement data can be reduced in dimension, thereby simplifying data analysis and processing, thereby improving the efficiency of data analysis and processing.

[0019] According to an optional embodiment of the method for detecting the connection status of an electric bolt according to the present invention, in step S3, probability statistics are calculated using the Hotelling statistic or squared prediction error (SPE) to determine control limits. By using different control limit calculation methods, corresponding control limits can be provided for the dimensionality-reduced data, thereby simplifying data analysis and processing, improving data analysis and processing efficiency.

[0020] According to an optional embodiment of the method for detecting the connection status of an electrical bolt according to the present invention, in step S2, the acquired data is assigned corresponding weights, and data dimensionality reduction is performed on the weighted data. By assigning weights to the measurement data, and in particular presetting different weighting factors for different measurement parameters, the weights of different parameters can be flexibly set for different test conditions and test environments, thereby improving the reliability and adaptability of the test.

[0021] According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a system for detecting the connection status of an electric bolt, the system being configured to implement the above method, wherein the system comprises:

[0022] a data acquisition device configured to acquire data in a current loop of the electric bolt connection;

[0023] at least one controller, the at least one controller being data-connected to the data acquisition device and comprising:

[0024] a data receiving module, the data receiving module being data-connected to the data acquisition device and configured to receive data from the data acquisition device;

[0025] a processor module configured to analyze and process the received data; a communication module configured to communicate with an external device; and a memory module configured to store the acquired data; and

[0026] An alarm device is communicatively connected to the controller and is configured to output an alarm signal.

[0027] According to an optional embodiment of the system for detecting the connection status of an electrical bolt, the system includes two controllers: a first controller and a second controller. The first controller is configured as a controller for a battery management system (BMS), and the second controller is configured as a domain controller, with the first controller being able to communicate with the second controller. This configuration enables particularly reliable data analysis and warning output. In particular, the provision of a domain controller allows for a certain degree of redundancy for the BMS controller, while enabling the domain controller to acquire relevant data and transmit it to the BMS controller via a communication module, thereby increasing the computing power of the BMS controller and reducing its cost.

[0028] According to an alternative embodiment of the system for detecting the connection status of an electrical bolt, the data acquisition device is arranged in a current loop and includes: a current measuring device, such as a current sensor; a voltage measuring device, such as a voltage sensor; a temperature measuring device, such as a thermocouple; and a humidity measuring device. By using these measuring devices, the necessary data for detecting the connection status of the electrical bolt can be directly and reliably acquired. These devices are particularly cost-effective and provide accurate measurement results.

[0029] According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a computer program product, comprising computer instructions, which, when executed by a processor, are at least used to assist in implementing the method according to the present invention.

[0030] Further features of the invention become apparent from the claims, the drawings and the description of the drawings. The features and feature combinations mentioned in the above description and the features and feature combinations mentioned in the following description of the drawings and / or shown only in the drawings can be used not only in the respectively specified combinations, but also in other combinations without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the following contents are also regarded as being covered and disclosed by the present invention: these contents are not explicitly shown in the drawings and are not explicitly explained, but are derived from combinations consisting of separate features from the explained contents and are produced by these combinations. The following contents and feature combinations are also regarded as being disclosed: they do not have all the features of the originally drafted independent claims. In addition, the following contents and feature combinations are regarded as being disclosed in particular by the above contents: they exceed or deviate from the feature combinations defined in the reference relationship of the claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the principles, features and advantages of the present invention can be better understood. In the accompanying drawings:

[0032] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a system for detecting a connection state of an electric bolt according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0033] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a system for detecting a connection state of an electric bolt according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0034] Figure 3 A schematic diagram showing a controller of a system for detecting a connection state of an electric bolt according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0035] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing a system architecture for detecting the connection status of an electric bolt according to an embodiment of the present invention; and

[0036] Figure 5 A flow chart of a method for detecting a connection state of an electric bolt according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial technical effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and multiple exemplary embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0038] In this specification, for convenience, words and phrases indicating orientation or positional relationships, such as "middle," "upper," "lower," "front," "back," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inside," and "outside," are used to illustrate the positional relationships of constituent elements with reference to the accompanying drawings. This is merely for the purpose of facilitating the description of this specification and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to has a specific orientation, is constructed, or operates in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present disclosure. The positional relationships of constituent elements may be appropriately changed depending on the direction in which each constituent element is described. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the words and phrases described in the specification and may be appropriately replaced according to the circumstances.

[0039] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a system 1 for detecting the connection status of an electrical bolt 2 according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown. In this embodiment, the system 1 is applied to an electric vehicle. The system 1 includes a data acquisition device 10, a first controller 20, and an alarm device 40. In this embodiment, the first controller 20 is configured as a controller for a battery management system (BMS). The data acquisition device 10 is data-connected to the controller 20 and is used to acquire data corresponding to the current loop of the electrical bolt connection. Furthermore, the alarm device 40 is also data-connected to the first controller 20 and is capable of outputting an alarm signal.

[0040] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a system 1 for detecting the connection status of an electrical bolt 2 according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown. In this embodiment, the system 1 includes a data acquisition device 10, a first controller 20, and an alarm device 40, as well as a second controller 30. The second controller 30 can be data-connected to the data acquisition device 10 and the alarm device 40, and can also be data-connected to the first controller 20.

[0041] In this other embodiment, the second controller 30 is configured as a domain controller and can be configured as a redundancy for the first controller 20. In this case, both the first controller 20 and the second controller 30 can acquire detection data and independently perform data analysis.

[0042] In other embodiments, the second controller 30 may also be configured to cooperate with the first controller 20 , and the second controller 30 may transmit the detection data to the first controller 20 and the first controller 20 may analyze and process the data.

[0043] Figure 3A schematic diagram shows a controller of a system 1 for detecting the connection status of an electrical bolt 2 according to one embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the first controller 20 is configured as a controller for a battery management system (BMS), while the second controller 30 is configured as a domain controller. Both the first controller 20 and the second controller 30 include data receiving modules 200, 300, processor modules 201, 301, communication modules 202, 302, and memory modules 203, 303. The data receiving modules 200, 300 are capable of data connection with the data acquisition device 10 and receiving data from the data acquisition device 10. The processor modules 201, 301 are capable of analyzing and processing the received data. The communication modules 202, 302 are capable of communicating with external devices. For example, the first controller 20 can communicate data with the second controller 30 (via its own (second) communication module 302) via its own (first) communication module 202. The memory modules 203, 303 are capable of storing the acquired data in real time for subsequent root cause analysis.

[0044] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a system architecture for detecting the connection status of an electric bolt 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. According to the embodiment, the system 1 is applied to a test circuit for electric bolt connections. Schematically, the electric bolt 2 mechanically and electrically connects two electrical components, thereby forming a current loop consisting of the electrical component, the electric bolt 2, the load 3, and the power supply 4. In the connected state of the electric bolt 2, that is, when the electric bolt 2 is not loose, the current loop works normally, and the power supply can continuously provide electrical energy to the load 3. However, due to different operating scenarios and working conditions of electric vehicles, the electric bolt 2 may become loose or even come off due to vibration and other reasons, which will increase the contact resistance of the circuit and thus cause problems such as increased losses and local heating. In severe cases, it may even cause the circuit to burn out.

[0045] Therefore, it is necessary to detect the connection status of the electric bolt 2 in the above-mentioned current loop in real time and to be able to promptly alarm for the disconnection status of the electric bolt 2.

[0046] According to this embodiment, the data acquisition device 10 includes a current measuring device 100, a voltage measuring device 101, and a temperature measuring device 102. In this embodiment, the current measuring device 100 is configured as a current sensor and is connected in series in the current loop to detect the current in the current loop in real time. The voltage measuring device 101 is configured as a voltage sensor and is used to detect the voltage drop between two electrical components, or in other words, to detect the voltage drop across the electrical bolt 2. The temperature measuring device 102 is configured as a thermocouple and is arranged on at least one electrical component to detect the temperature in the current loop. The data acquisition device 10 may also include other measuring devices, such as a humidity measuring device, to provide more relevant measurement data for testing. The (first) data receiving module 200 of the first controller 20 is data-connected to the current measuring device 100, the voltage measuring device 101, and the temperature measuring device 102, respectively, and receives current data, voltage data, and temperature data in real time. Furthermore, the (second) data receiving module 300 of the second controller 30 can also be data-connected to the current measuring device 100, the voltage measuring device 101, and the temperature measuring device 102, respectively, and receive current data, voltage data, and temperature data in real time. The data receiving modules 200, 300 are data-connected to the corresponding memory modules 203, 303, and these data can be stored in the corresponding memory modules 203, 303. Furthermore, the data receiving modules 200, 300 are in data communication with the corresponding processor modules 201, 301, and these data can be analyzed and processed by the corresponding processor modules 201, 301.

[0047] As described above, according to this embodiment, the first controller 20 is configured as a controller of the BMS and the second controller 30 is configured as a domain controller, the second controller 30 forming a redundancy for the first controller 20 .

[0048] In another embodiment, the second controller 30 may be configured only to acquire measurement data and provide it to the first controller 20. Thus, the second controller 30 may only include the data receiving module 300 and the communication module 302, while the first controller 20 may not include its own data receiving module 200. In this embodiment, data processing is performed solely by the processor module 201 of the controller 20.

[0049] The following combination Figure 4 The method of the present invention for detecting the connection state of the electric bolt 2 is described in detail.

[0050] Figure 5 The flowchart of the method for detecting the connection state of the electric bolt 2 according to one embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0051] According to this embodiment and see also Figure 4In step S1, data from the current loop of the electrical bolt connection is acquired. A current sensor measures the current I in the current loop, a voltage sensor measures the voltage drop U across the electrical bolt 2, and a thermocouple measures the temperature T in the current loop. Different weighting factors can be assigned to different detection parameters. For example, according to one embodiment, the weight of the voltage drop U is greater than the weight of the temperature T, and both the voltage drop U and the temperature T are greater than the weight of the current I. Therefore, data analysis can be performed solely on the voltage drop U or the temperature T.

[0052] Next, in step S2, the acquired data is subjected to data dimensionality reduction. According to the present invention, data dimensionality reduction is performed using principal component analysis (PCA). Of course, other data dimensionality reduction methods may also be used, such as independent component analysis (ICA) or local linear embedding (LLE).

[0053] In principal component analysis (PCA), a set of variables that may be correlated is transformed into a set of linearly uncorrelated variables through orthogonal transformation. The transformed variables are called principal components. Suppose there is a training data set X = {x1, x2, x3…, x n}, feature data x represents the feature data set, and n represents the data dimension. Decentralize the feature data set, that is, subtract the average value of each feature in the data set. Then, calculate the covariance matrix Then calculate the eigenvalues ​​and eigenvectors of the matrix. Sort the eigenvalues ​​and select the largest K, where K is the dimension of the data after dimensionality reduction. Use the K eigenvectors as row vectors to form the eigenvector matrix P, generating the reduced-dimensional data set Y, where Y = PX.

[0054] According to this embodiment, the (first) processor module 201 of the first controller 20 performs data dimensionality reduction on the voltage U or temperature T with a larger weight, thereby generating a reduced-dimensionality data set. In addition, the (second) processor module 301 of the second controller 30 also performs data dimensionality reduction on the voltage U or temperature T with a larger weight, thereby generating a reduced-dimensionality data set.

[0055] Then, in step S3, probability statistics are performed on the reduced data and control limits are obtained. According to the present invention, probability statistics are performed and control limits are obtained using the Hotelling statistic. Of course, other control limit calculation methods, such as the squared prediction error (SPE), can also be used to calculate control limits.

[0056] In the Hotelling statistic method, Hotelling T 2 The statistical calculation formula is: Among them, S is a diagonal matrix consisting of K eigenvalues.

[0057] T 2The calculation formula for the control limit of the statistic is:

[0058] T a =k·(n 2 -1)·F a ·(k,nk) / n·(nk)

[0059] Where n is the number of rows in the dataset X and a is the confidence level.

[0060] According to this embodiment, the control limits of the voltage or temperature after dimension reduction are calculated simultaneously by the (first) processor module 201 of the first controller 20 and by the (second) processor module 301 of the second controller 30 .

[0061] Then, in step S4, the dimension-reduced data is compared with the control limits, where the dimension-reduced voltage data is compared with the corresponding voltage control limits or the dimension-reduced temperature data is compared with the corresponding temperature control limits.

[0062] According to this embodiment, the (first) processor module 201 and the (second) processor module 301 compare the dimensionally reduced data with the control limits simultaneously.

[0063] Finally, in step S5, if the reduced data exceeds the control limit, an alarm signal is output. That is, when the reduced voltage data exceeds the corresponding voltage control limit, the first controller 20, or alternatively, the second controller 30, controls the alarm device 40 to output an alarm signal indicating that the electrical bolt 2 is disconnected or loose. Furthermore, a time interval, such as 1 second, can be set for outputting the alarm signal. If the reduced data in step S5 exceeds the control limit for a 1-second time interval, the alarm signal is output. Here, when the reduced data exceeds the control limit, the first memory module 203 and / or the second controller module 303 begins recording or storing the original detection data for subsequent access and root cause analysis.

[0064] Alternatively or additionally, in step S1 , the associated data may also be acquired based on directly measured data. For example, according to one embodiment, the impedance or resistance across the electrical bolt 2 is determined based on the voltage drop and current data, and steps S2 to S5 are performed in parallel based on the impedance data.

[0065] In addition, the method according to the present invention can also use directly measured and / or correlated data to detect the connection status of the electric bolt 2. For example, threshold values ​​can be preset for these data, and an alarm signal is output when the directly measured and / or correlated data exceeds the corresponding threshold value.

[0066] Of course, the present invention may also relate to the detection of the connection status of a plurality of bolts which are arranged in series in a current loop.

[0067] The technical solution of the present invention can not only realize reliable and real-time detection of electric bolt connections in the vehicle field, but can also be applied to other technical fields.

[0068] Other advantages and alternative embodiments of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the present invention, in its broader sense, is not limited to the specific details, representative configurations, and exemplary embodiments shown and described. Rather, various modifications and substitutions may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the basic spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for detecting the connection status of an electric bolt (2) in a vehicle, the method comprising the following steps: S1 obtains data in the current loop connected to the electric bolt (2); S2 performs data dimensionality reduction on the obtained data, wherein the obtained data includes the voltage drop at both ends of the electric bolt (2), the current in the current loop, the temperature in the current loop, the humidity in the current loop and the impedance of the electric bolt (2), and these data are assigned corresponding weights, and data dimensionality reduction is performed on the data with heavier weights among these data; S3 performs probability statistics on the dimensionality reduction data and obtains control limits; S4 compares the dimensionality reduction data with the control limits; and S5 outputs an alarm signal regarding the disconnection or loosening of the electric bolt (2) if the dimensionality reduction data exceeds the control limits.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein In step S5, if the dimensionally reduced data exceeds the control limit for a defined time interval, the alarm signal is output.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: In step S5 , raw measurement data are additionally recorded.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: In step S2, data dimension reduction is performed by principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), or local linear embedding (LLE).

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein In step S2, data dimension reduction is performed by principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA), or local linear embedding (LLE).

6. The method according to claim 1, 2 or 5, wherein: In step S3 , probability statistics are performed using the Hotelling statistic or the squared prediction error (SPE) to obtain control limits.

7. The method according to claim 3, wherein: In step S3 , probability statistics are performed using the Hotelling statistic or the squared prediction error (SPE) to obtain control limits.

8. The method according to claim 4, wherein: In step S3 , probability statistics are performed using the Hotelling statistic or the squared prediction error (SPE) to obtain control limits.

9. The method according to claim 1 or 2 or 5 or 7 or 8, wherein: The vehicle is an electric vehicle.

10. The method according to claim 3, wherein: The vehicle is an electric vehicle.

11. The method according to claim 4, wherein The vehicle is an electric vehicle.

12. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The vehicle is an electric vehicle.

13. A system (1) for detecting a connection state of an electric bolt (2) in a vehicle, the system (1) being configured to implement the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein: The system (1) comprises: a data acquisition device (10), the data acquisition device (10) being configured to acquire data in a current loop connected to an electric bolt (2); at least one controller (20, 30), the at least one controller (20, 30) being data-connected to the data acquisition device (10) and comprising: a data receiving module (200, 300), the data receiving module (200, 300) being data-connected to the data acquisition device (10) and being configured to receive data from the data acquisition device (10); a processor module (201, 301), the processor module (201, 301) being configured to analyze and process the received data; and a communication module (202, 302). , the communication module (202, 302) is configured to be suitable for communicating with an external device; and a memory module (203, 303), the memory module (203, 303) is configured to be suitable for storing the acquired data; and an alarm device (40), the alarm device (40) is communicatively connected to the at least one controller (20, 30) and configured to be suitable for outputting an alarm signal regarding the disconnection or loosening of the electric bolt (2), wherein the acquired data includes a voltage drop across the electric bolt (2), a current in a current loop, a temperature in the current loop, a humidity in the current loop and an impedance of the electric bolt (2), and these data are assigned corresponding weights, and data dimension reduction is performed on data with heavier weights among these data.

14. The system (1) according to claim 13, wherein The system (1) includes a first controller (20) and a second controller (30), wherein the first controller (20) is configured as a controller of a battery management system (BMS), and the second controller (30) is configured as a domain controller, and the first controller (20) is capable of communicating with the second controller (30).

15. System (1) according to claim 13 or 14, wherein The data acquisition device (10) is arranged in a current loop and comprises a current measuring device (100), a voltage measuring device (101), a temperature measuring device (102), and a humidity measuring device.

16. System (1) according to claim 15, wherein The current measuring device (100) is a current sensor.

17. The system (1) according to claim 15, wherein The voltage measuring device (101) is a voltage sensor.

18. The system (1) according to claim 15, wherein The temperature measuring device (102) is a thermocouple.

19. The system (1) according to claim 13 or 14 or 16 or 17 or 18, wherein The vehicle is an electric vehicle.

20. The system (1) according to claim 15, wherein The vehicle is an electric vehicle.

21. A computer program product, comprising computer instructions, wherein when the computer instructions are executed by a processor, the computer program product is used to at least assist in implementing the method according to any one of claims 1 to 12.

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