Permanent magnet synchronous motor and field weakening speed control method

Abstract

The application relates to the motor technical field, in particular to a permanent magnet synchronous motor and a weak magnetic speed regulation control method, which comprise a shell structure and a connecting piece arranged in the shell structure, the shell structure comprises a middle shell, a front cover and a rear cover, the middle shell, the front cover and the rear cover are fixedly connected, the middle shell is between the front cover and the rear cover, the outer side surfaces of the connecting piece are recessed with mounting grooves at equal distances, permanent magnets are fixedly installed in each mounting groove, the movement of four pushing blocks will drive the connecting blocks to be subjected to acting forces, the four moving pieces move to the center of the shaft hole respectively, the movement of the four moving pieces drives the stator core to move to the center of the shaft hole, the air gap between the stator core and the permanent magnets changes, the magnetic resistance adjustment of the motor air gap is realized, the magnetic flux of the motor is changed, and the purpose of speed reduction or acceleration is achieved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the motor technology field, in particular to a kind of permanent magnet synchronous motor and weak magnetic speed regulation control method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Permanent magnet synchronous motor provides excitation with permanent magnet, makes motor structure relatively simple, reduces processing and assembly cost, and saves the current collector ring and brush prone to problems, improves the reliability of motor operation;And without excitation current, there is no excitation loss, improves the efficiency and power density of motor.

[0003] At present, the air gap of most permanent magnet synchronous motors on the market is fixed, so the magnetic field intensity of motor is also fixed, so it cannot be speed-regulated, so a speed-regulated permanent magnet weak magnetic motor and control method are needed. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, the present application provides a kind of permanent magnet synchronous motor and weak magnetic speed regulation control method.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] The first aspect of the present application discloses a kind of permanent magnet synchronous motor, including shell structure and the connecting piece being arranged in shell structure, the shell structure is sequentially connected by front cover, middle shell and rear cover;The outer side surface of the connecting piece is equidistant with multiple concave installation grooves, each installation groove is fixedly installed with permanent magnet, the outer side of the connecting piece is provided with stator coil, each permanent magnet is arranged at the inner side of stator coil, the surface middle part of the connecting piece is provided with shaft hole, the shaft hole is provided with rotating shaft, the end of the connecting piece is fixedly installed with fixed part, the fixed part is fixedly installed at the end of rear cover, the rotating shaft is rotatably connected with fixed part;The rotating shaft penetrates the front cover, and the rotating shaft is rotatably connected;The connecting piece is provided with air gap changing and adjusting structure between stator core and permanent magnet.

[0007] In some embodiments, a circular plate is fixedly installed in the middle shell, a circular groove is formed in the surface of the circular plate, and a clamping component for clamping the rotating shaft is arranged on the inner wall of the circular groove;The clamping component includes a sliding block and a clamping piece;A sliding groove is formed in the inner wall surface of the circular groove, a first spring is fixedly installed in each sliding groove, a sliding block is slidably arranged in each sliding groove, each sliding block is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the sliding groove by the first spring, four sliding blocks are distributed at equal intervals in a circle, each sliding block is U-shaped, a clamping piece is fixedly installed on each of the four sliding blocks, each clamping piece is arc-shaped, and the rotating shaft penetrates the gap formed by the four clamping pieces.

[0008] In some embodiments, the four sliders are equidistantly arranged with balls, the circular groove is provided with an air bag, the air bag is in the shape of a circular ring, and the air bag is inserted into the four sliders; the air bag is provided with a connecting pipe penetrating through the circular plate and the middle shell.

[0009] In some embodiments, the adjusting structure comprises a moving piece and a sliding ring, the number of the moving pieces is four, the four moving pieces are circumferentially distributed, the four moving pieces are slidingly arranged in the middle shell, the inner side of each moving piece is equidistantly fixedly installed with a stator core, and each stator core is movably sleeved on the connecting piece; the outer end of each moving piece is provided with a connecting block, the sliding ring is in the shape of a circular ring, and the sliding ring is movably sleeved on the fixing piece.

[0010] In some embodiments, the outer end of each moving piece is provided with two circular rods, the end of each circular rod is provided with a circular block, a second spring is movably sleeved on each circular rod, the inner wall of the middle shell is equidistantly provided with a limiting pipe, and the side surface of each limiting pipe is provided with an annular groove.

[0011] In some embodiments, each circular rod is slidingly arranged in the limiting pipe, each second spring is fixedly connected with each circular block, each circular block is slidingly arranged in the annular groove, and each circular block is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the annular groove through the second spring.

[0012] In some embodiments, the end of the sliding ring is fixedly provided with four connecting rods, the four connecting rods are circumferentially and equidistantly distributed, the end of each connecting rod is fixedly provided with a pushing block, and each pushing block and each connecting block are in the shape of a ladder.

[0013] In some embodiments, the inclined surface of each pushing block is tightly combined with the inclined surface of each connecting block, the two side ends of the sliding ring are fixedly provided with rectangular blocks, the two rectangular blocks are fixedly provided with pushing rods, the two pushing rods are in the shape of L, opposite ends of the two pushing rods are fixedly provided with moving blocks, a threaded rod penetrates through the moving block, the threaded rod is threadedly connected with the moving block, the threaded rod is rotationally connected with the rear cover, the end of the threaded rod is fixedly provided with a rotating block, and the surface of the rotating block is provided with a hexagonal groove.

[0014] In some embodiments, the middle shell is fixedly provided with four limiting blocks, the surface of each limiting block is provided with a slot, and each pushing block is movably inserted into the slot.

[0015] The second aspect of the application discloses a flux-weakening speed regulation control method, comprising a permanent magnet synchronous motor as described above, and comprising the following steps:

[0016] Rotating the rotating block makes the threaded rod rotate;

[0017] The threaded rod is rotated to drive the push block to move, and the movement of the push block applies force to the connecting block, so that the moving part moves to the center of the shaft hole;

[0018] The moving part moves to drive the stator core to move to the center of the shaft hole, so that the air gap between the stator core and the permanent magnet changes, realizing the magnetic resistance adjustment of the motor air gap.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects that can be achieved by the present application are:

[0020] Firstly, the movement of the rectangular block drives the sliding ring to move, the movement of the sliding ring drives the four connecting rods to move, the movement of the four connecting rods drives the four push blocks to move, and the movement of the four push blocks respectively applies force to the connecting block, so that the four moving parts respectively move to the center of the shaft hole, and the movement of the four moving parts drives the stator core to move to the center of the shaft hole, so that the air gap between the stator core and the permanent magnet changes (increases or decreases), realizing the magnetic resistance adjustment of the motor air gap, so as to change the magnetic flux of the motor and achieve the purpose of speed reduction or acceleration.

[0021] Secondly, the movement of the circular block makes the second spring stretch or compress under stress, and when the push block no longer applies force to the connecting block, the moving part and the connecting block can be reset, so that the inclined surface of the connecting block always matches the inclined surface of the push block, ensuring the stable operation of the adjustment structure, so that the motor air gap is more stable.

[0022] Thirdly, the sliding ring is movably sleeved in the fixed part, which limits the movement of the sliding ring and makes the movement of the sliding ring more stable, so that the four push blocks apply force to the connecting block more stably, further ensuring the stable operation of the adjustment structure, and the surface of the rotating block is provided with a hexagonal groove, which facilitates the use of the adjustment structure and makes the operation more convenient.

[0023] Fourthly, four limiting blocks are fixedly installed in the middle shell, and an insertion slot is formed in the surface of each limiting block, and each push block is movably inserted into the insertion slot, which limits the push block and has a compact and reasonable structure design.

[0024] Fifthly, the connection pipe is inflated, the air bag is inflated, the air bag applies force to the four clamping pieces, the four clamping pieces move to the center of the circular groove, the gap between the four clamping pieces is reduced, and the size of the force applied by the four clamping pieces to the rotating shaft changes, so that the purpose of speed reduction or acceleration can also be achieved, ensuring the practicality of the device.

[0025] Sixth, the sliding block is arranged in the sliding groove and is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the sliding groove through the first spring, so that the clamping piece is connected and limited, the position deviation of the clamping piece is prevented, the four clamping pieces are clamped more stably, the structure design is reasonable, and the use is more stable.

[0026] Seventh, the clamping piece is internally and equally spaced with the ball, the ball and the rotating shaft are in rolling friction, the friction between the rotating shaft and the clamping piece is reduced, the continuous rotation of the rotating shaft is facilitated, the service life of the rotating shaft is prolonged, and the practicability of the device is further ensured. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0027] The accompanying drawings, which are part of this application, serve to further understand the application, the illustrative embodiments of the application and the description thereof are used to explain the application, but do not constitute improper limitation on the application. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative labor for those skilled in the art.

[0028] In the drawings:

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the permanent magnet synchronous motor of the application;

[0030] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotating block of the application;

[0031] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fixed part of the application;

[0032] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting block of the application;

[0033] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the pushing block of the application;

[0034] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting tube of the application;

[0035] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the moving block of the application;

[0036] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the limiting block of the application.

[0037] Wherein: 1, middle shell; 11, front cover; 12, rear cover; 13, supporting leg; 14, limiting block; 15, limiting tube; 2, connecting piece; 21, permanent magnet; 22, shaft hole; 23, rotating shaft; 24, fixing piece; 25, stator coil; 3, round plate; 31, circular groove; 32, clamping piece; 33, sliding block; 4, air bag; 5, moving piece; 51, round rod; 52, second spring; 53, round block; 54, connecting block; 55, stator core; 6, sliding ring; 61, connecting rod; 62, pushing block; 63, rectangular block; 64, pushing rod; 65, moving block; 66, threaded rod; 67, rotating block.

[0038] It should be noted that the drawings and the written description are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way, but are merely to illustrate the concept of the present application to those skilled in the art. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more clear, the technical scheme in the embodiments will be described clearly and completely below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present application. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present application, but not to limit the scope of the present application.

[0040] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0041] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "mounting", "connecting", "connecting" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or it can be detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or it can be electrically connected; it can be directly connected, or it can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0042] As Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8As shown, a kind of permanent magnet synchronous motor, including shell structure and the connecting piece 2 being arranged in shell structure, shell structure includes middle shell 1, front cover 11 and rear cover 12, middle shell 1, front cover 11 and rear cover 12 are fixedly connected between, middle shell 1 is between front cover 11 and rear cover 12, the outer side surface of connecting piece 2 is recessed with installation groove at equal intervals, each installation groove is fixedly installed with permanent magnet 21, the outer side of connecting piece 2 is provided with stator coil 25, each permanent magnet 21 is arranged at the inner side of stator coil 25, the surface middle part of connecting piece 2 is equipped with shaft hole 22, shaft hole 22 is provided with rotating shaft 23, the end of connecting piece 2 is fixedly installed with fixed part 24, fixed part 24 is fixedly installed at the end of rear cover 12, first bearing is fixedly installed in fixed part 24, rotating shaft 23 is rotatably connected with fixed part 24 by first bearing.

[0043] Middle shell 1 is fixedly installed with round plate 3, the surface of round plate 3 is equipped with circular groove 31, the inner wall surface of the periphery of circular groove 31 is equipped with sliding slot, each sliding slot is fixedly installed with first spring, each sliding slot is slidably provided with sliding block 33, each sliding block 33 is fixedly connected by the inner wall of first spring sliding slot, four sliding blocks 33 are distributed at equal intervals in a circle, each sliding block 33 is U-shaped, fixed part 32 is fixedly installed on four sliding blocks 33, each clamping piece 32 is arc-shaped, rotating shaft 23 penetrates the gap formed by four clamping pieces 32.

[0044] Connecting piece 2 is provided with adjusting structure, adjusting structure includes moving part 5 and sliding ring 6, the number of moving part 5 is four, four moving parts 5 are distributed in a circle, four moving parts 5 are slidably arranged in middle shell 1, the inner side of each moving part 5 is fixedly installed with stator core 55 at equal intervals, each stator core 55 is movably sleeved on connecting piece 2.

[0045] Further scheme: continue to refer to Figure 1 As shown, the bottom of shell structure is fixedly installed with two support legs 13, rotating shaft 23 penetrates front cover 11, second bearing is fixedly installed in front cover 11, front cover 11 is rotatably connected with front cover 11 by second bearing.

[0046] Further scheme: continue to refer to Figure 6 As shown, each sliding block 33 is provided with ball at equal intervals, circular groove 31 is provided with air bag 4, air bag 4 is circular ring shape, air bag 4 is inserted in four sliding blocks 33, connecting pipe is fixedly installed on air bag 4, connecting pipe penetrates round plate 3 and middle shell 1.

[0047] Further scheme: continue to refer to Figure 5As shown, the outer end of each moving piece 5 is fixedly installed with two round rods 51, the end of each round rod 51 is installed with a round block 53, each round rod 51 is movably sleeved with a second spring 52, the inner wall of the middle shell 1 is equally installed with a limiting tube 15, the side surface of each limiting tube 15 is provided with an annular groove.

[0048] Further scheme: continue to refer to Figure 5 、 Figure 6 As shown, each round rod 51 is slidably arranged in the limiting tube 15, each second spring 52 is fixedly connected with each round block 53, each round block 53 is slidably arranged in the annular groove, and each round block 53 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the annular groove through the second spring 52.

[0049] Further scheme: continue to refer to Figure 5 As shown, the outer end of each moving piece 5 is fixedly installed with a connecting block 54, the sliding ring 6 is in a circular ring shape, and the sliding ring 6 is movably sleeved on the fixed piece 24. The end of the sliding ring 6 is fixedly installed with four connecting rods 61, the four connecting rods 61 are distributed at equal intervals in a circle, the end of each connecting rod 61 is fixedly installed with a pushing block 62, and each pushing block 62 and each connecting block 54 are in a ladder shape.

[0050] Further scheme: continue to refer to Figure 4 、 Figure 5 、 Figure 6 、 Figure 7As shown, the inclined surface of each push block 62 is tightly fitted with the inclined surface of each connecting block 54, four limiting blocks 14 are fixedly installed in the middle shell 1, the surface of each limiting block 14 is provided with a slot, and each push block 62 is movably inserted in the slot, the two side ends of the sliding ring 6 are fixedly installed with a rectangular block 63, the two rectangular blocks 63 are fixedly installed with a push rod 64, the two push rods 64 are L-shaped, the opposite ends of the two push rods 64 are fixedly installed with a moving block 65, the moving block 65 penetrates through a threaded rod 66, the user rotates the rotating block 67 to drive the threaded rod 66 to rotate, the rotation of the threaded rod 66 drives the moving block 65 to move, the movement of the moving block 65 drives the two push rods 64 to move, the movement of the two push rods 64 drives the rectangular block 63 to move, the movement of the rectangular block 63 drives the sliding ring 6 to move, the movement of the sliding ring 6 drives the four connecting rods 61 to move, the movement of the four connecting rods 61 drives the four push blocks 62 to move, the movement of the four push blocks 62 drives the connecting block 54 to be acted on by a force, so that the four moving pieces 5 move toward the center of the shaft hole 22, the movement of the four moving pieces 5 drives the stator core 55 to move toward the center of the shaft hole 22, so that the air gap between the stator core 55 and the permanent magnet 21 changes (becomes larger or smaller), the magnetic resistance adjustment of the motor air gap is realized, so that the magnetic flux of the motor changes, the purpose of speed reduction or acceleration is achieved, the movement of the moving piece 5 drives the circular rod 51 to move in the limiting tube 15, the movement of the circular rod 51 drives the circular block 53 to move in the annular groove at the limiting tube 15, the movement of the circular block 53 makes the second spring 52 be stretched or compressed under stress, when the push block 62 no longer acts on the connecting block 54, the moving piece 5 and the connecting block 54 can be reset, so that the inclined surface of the connecting block 54 is always fitted with the inclined surface of the push block 62, the stable operation of the adjustment structure is ensured, so that the motor air gap is more stable, the sliding ring 6 is movably sleeved in the fixed piece 24, which limits the sliding ring 6 and makes the movement of the sliding ring 6 more stable, so that the four push blocks 62 act on the connecting block 54 more stably, which further ensures the stable operation of the adjustment structure, the surface of the rotating block 67 is provided with a hexagonal groove, which facilitates the user to use the adjustment structure and is more convenient to operate, four limiting blocks 14 are fixedly installed in the middle shell 1, the surface of each limiting block 14 is provided with a slot, and each push block 62 is movably inserted in the slot, which limits the push block 62, the structure design is compact and reasonable, the air in the connecting tube is inflated, the air bag 4 is inflated, the air bag 4 acts on the four clamping pieces 32, the four clamping pieces 32 move toward the center of the circular groove 31, at this time the gap between the four clamping pieces 32 is reduced, the size of the force applied by the four clamping pieces 32 to the shaft 23 changes, so that the purpose of speed reduction or acceleration can also be achieved,The practicability of the device is guaranteed, the sliding block 33 is slidably arranged in the sliding groove, the sliding block 33 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the sliding groove through the first spring, plays a connecting and limiting role on the clamping piece 32, prevents the position deviation of the clamping piece 32, makes the clamping of the four clamping pieces 32 more stable, the structure design is reasonable, and the use is more stable, the rolling balls are equally arranged in the clamping piece 32, the rolling balls and the rotating shaft 23 are in rolling friction, the friction between the rotating shaft 23 and the clamping piece 32 is reduced, which is beneficial to the continuous rotation of the rotating shaft 23, prolongs the service life of the rotating shaft 23, further guarantees the practicability of the device, the threaded rod 66 is threadedly connected with the moving block 65, the threaded rod 66 is rotatably connected with the rear cover 12, the end portion of the threaded rod 66 is fixedly installed with the rotating block 67, and the surface of the rotating block 67 is provided with a hexagonal groove.

[0051] The specific working process is as follows: in use, the user rotates the rotating block 67, so that the threaded rod 66 rotates, the movement of the moving block 65 is driven through the rotation of the threaded rod 66, the movement of the two push rods 64 is driven through the movement of the moving block 65, the movement of the rectangular block 63 is driven through the movement of the two push rods 64, the movement of the sliding ring 6 is driven through the movement of the rectangular block 63, the movement of the four connecting rods 61 is driven through the movement of the sliding ring 6, the movement of the four push blocks 62 is driven through the movement of the four connecting rods 61, the movement of the four moving pieces 5 is driven through the movement of the four push blocks 62, the movement of the stator core 55 is driven through the movement of the four moving pieces 5, the air gap between the stator core 55 and the permanent magnet 21 changes (becomes larger or smaller), the magnetic resistance adjustment of the motor air gap is realized, the magnetic flux of the motor is changed, the purpose of speed reduction or acceleration is achieved.

[0052] The movement of the moving piece 5 drives the circular rod 51 to move in the limiting tube 15, the movement of the circular rod 51 drives the circular block 53 to move in the annular groove at the limiting tube 15, the movement of the circular block 53 makes the second spring 52 be stretched or compressed under stress, when the push block 62 no longer exerts force on the connecting block 54, the moving piece 5 and the connecting block 54 can be reset, so that the inclined surface of the connecting block 54 always matches the inclined surface of the push block 62, the stable operation of the adjusting structure is guaranteed, and the motor air gap is more stable.

[0053] The sliding ring 6 is movably sleeved in the fixed piece 24, plays a limiting role on the sliding ring 6, makes the movement of the sliding ring 6 more stable, so that the four push blocks 62 exert force on the connecting block 54 more stably, further guarantees the stable operation of the adjusting structure, the surface of the rotating block 67 is provided with a hexagonal groove, which is convenient for the user to use the adjusting structure and is more convenient to operate.

[0054] Four limiting blocks 14 are fixedly installed in the middle shell 1, the surface of each limiting block 14 is provided with a slot, and each push block 62 is movably inserted in the slot, so that the push block 62 is limited, and the structure is compact and reasonable.

[0055] By inflating the connecting pipe, the air bag 4 is inflated, the air bag 4 exerts force on the four clamping pieces 32, the four clamping pieces 32 move to the center of the circular groove 31, the gap between the four clamping pieces 32 is reduced, the force exerted by the four clamping pieces 32 on the rotating shaft 23 is changed, and the purpose of deceleration or acceleration is achieved, so that the practicability of the device is ensured.

[0056] The sliding block 33 is slidably arranged in the sliding groove, the sliding block 33 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the sliding groove through the first spring, the clamping piece 32 is connected and limited, the position deviation of the clamping piece 32 is prevented, the four clamping pieces 32 are clamped more stably, the structure is reasonable, and the use is more stable.

[0057] The rolling balls are equidistantly arranged in the clamping piece 32, the rolling balls and the rotating shaft 23 are in rolling friction, the friction between the rotating shaft 23 and the clamping piece 32 is reduced, the continuous rotation of the rotating shaft 23 is facilitated, the service life of the rotating shaft 23 is prolonged, and the practicability of the device is further ensured.

[0058] In the specification provided herein, a large number of specific details are described. However, it can be understood that the embodiments of the present application can be practiced without these specific details. In some examples, well-known methods, structures and techniques are not shown in detail in order not to obscure the understanding of the present specification.

[0059] In addition, those skilled in the art can understand that although some embodiments described herein include certain features included in other embodiments but not others, combinations of features of different embodiments also mean to be within the protection scope of the present application and form different embodiments. For example, in the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can use in a combined manner according to the known technical solutions and the technical problems to be solved by the present application.

[0060] The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the present application in any form. Although the present application has been disclosed as above with the preferred embodiment, it is not intended to limit the present application. Any skilled person in the art can make some changes or modifications to the above-mentioned technical content without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present application, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above-mentioned embodiments according to the technical essence of the present application are still within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A permanent magnet synchronous motor comprising a shell structure and a connecting piece (2) arranged in the shell structure, characterized in that: the shell structure is sequentially connected by a front cover (11), a middle shell (1) and a rear cover (12); the outer side surface of the connecting piece (2) is equally spaced with a plurality of concave mounting grooves, a permanent magnet (21) is fixedly installed in each mounting groove, a stator coil (25) is arranged on the outer side of the connecting piece (2), each permanent magnet (21) is arranged on the inner side of the stator coil (25), an axle hole (22) is arranged in the middle of the surface of the connecting piece (2), a rotating shaft (23) is arranged in the axle hole (22), a fixing piece (24) is fixedly installed at the end of the connecting piece (2), the fixing piece (24) is fixedly installed at the end of the rear cover (12), the rotating shaft (23) is rotatably connected with the fixing piece (24); the rotating shaft (23) penetrates through the front cover (11), and the rotating shaft (23) is rotatably connected with the front cover (11); an adjusting structure for changing the air gap between the stator core and the permanent magnet is arranged on the connecting piece (2); the adjusting structure comprises a moving piece (5) and a sliding ring (6), the number of the moving piece (5) is four, the four moving pieces (5) are circumferentially distributed, the four moving pieces (5) are slidably arranged in the middle shell (1), a stator core (55) is fixedly installed on the inner side of each moving piece (5), and each stator core (55) is movably sleeved on the connecting piece (2); a connecting block (54) is installed at the outer end of each moving piece (5), the sliding ring (6) is in the shape of a circular ring, and the sliding ring (6) is movably sleeved on the fixing piece (24); two circular rods (51) are installed at the outer end of each moving piece (5), a circular block (53) is installed at the end of each circular rod (51), a second spring (52) is movably sleeved on each circular rod (51), limit tubes (15) are equally installed on the inner wall of the middle shell (1), and an annular groove is arranged on the side surface of each limit tube (15); four connecting rods (61) are fixedly installed at the end of the sliding ring (6), the four connecting rods (61) are circumferentially and equally spaced, a pushing block (62) is fixedly installed at the end of each connecting rod (61), and each pushing block (62) and each connecting block (54) are in the shape of a ladder. ​ ​ The inclined surface of each pushing block (62) is tightly fitted with the inclined surface of each connecting block (54), both sides of the sliding ring (6) are fixedly provided with rectangular blocks (63), both the rectangular blocks (63) are fixedly provided with pushing rods (64), both the pushing rods (64) are L-shaped, both ends of the pushing rods (64) are fixedly provided with moving blocks (65), the moving blocks (65) are penetrated by threaded rods (66), the threaded rods (66) are fixedly connected with the moving blocks (65), the threaded rods (66) are rotatably connected with the rear cover (12), the ends of the threaded rods (66) are fixedly provided with rotating blocks (67), and the surfaces of the rotating blocks (67) are provided with hexagonal grooves.

2. The permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein: The inner surface of the circular plate (3) is provided with a circular groove (31), and the inner wall of the circular groove (31) is provided with a clamping component for clamping the rotating shaft (23); The clamping component comprises a sliding block (33) and a clamping piece (32); The inner wall of the circular groove (31) is provided with a sliding groove, each sliding groove is fixedly provided with a first spring, each sliding groove is slidably provided with a sliding block (33), each sliding block (33) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the sliding groove through the first spring, four sliding blocks (33) are distributed at equal intervals, each sliding block (33) is U-shaped, four sliding blocks (33) are fixedly provided with clamping pieces (32), each clamping piece (32) is arc-shaped, and the rotating shaft (23) penetrates the gap formed by the four clamping pieces (32).

3. The permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 2, wherein: Each sliding block (33) is provided with a plurality of equidistantly arranged balls, the circular groove (31) is provided with an air bag (4), the air bag (4) is annular, and the air bag (4) penetrates the four sliding blocks (33); The air bag (4) is provided with a connecting pipe, and the connecting pipe penetrates the circular plate (3) and the middle shell (1).

4. The permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein: Each circular rod (51) is slidably arranged in the limiting tube (15), each second spring (52) is fixedly connected with each circular block (53), each circular block (53) is slidably arranged in the annular groove, and each circular block (53) is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the annular groove through the second spring (52).

5. The permanent magnet synchronous motor according to claim 1, wherein: The middle shell (1) is fixedly provided with four limiting blocks (14), the surface of each limiting block (14) is provided with a slot, and each pushing block (62) is movably inserted into the slot.

6. A flux-weakening control method for a permanent magnet synchronous motor as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by The method comprises the following steps: Rotating the rotating block (67) to rotate the threaded rod (66). The threaded rod (66) is rotated to drive the push block (62) to move, and the movement of the push block (62) applies force to the connecting block (54), so that the moving part (5) moves to the center of the shaft hole (22); The moving part (5) drives the stator core (55) to move to the center of the shaft hole (22), so that the air gap between the stator core (55) and the permanent magnet (21) changes, and the magnetic resistance adjustment of the motor air gap is realized.

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