Suction-feeding air supplement device and suction-feeding air supplement and slag discharging method

Abstract

The present invention relates to a material suction and air supplement device and a method for material suction, air supplement and slag discharge. The device includes a main body of a conveying pipeline, and also includes a telescopic material suction structure, which includes a material suction moving part. A material suction port is arranged at the bottom end of the material suction moving part, and the suction height of the material suction port is set to be adjustable; the top end of the material suction moving part is communicated with the main body of the conveying pipeline through a telescopic part; an air supplement structure for supplementing air into the inner cavity of the conveying pipeline, which includes a liftable air supplement moving part. A conveying outer sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the main body of the conveying pipeline at a radial interval, an air supplement port is arranged on the side wall of the conveying outer sleeve, and an air supplement channel capable of communicating the air supplement port and the inner cavity of the conveying pipeline is arranged on the air supplement moving part; a control and comparison part for controlling the states of the telescopic material suction structure and the air supplement structure. The present invention can automatically and real-time adjust the suction height and the air supplement amount, effectively reduce the probability of air suction and over-suction, protect the fan to the greatest extent, avoid damage to the fan, and improve the safety and reliability of the shaft pneumatic conveying system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pneumatic conveying systems, and particularly to a material suction and air supplement device and a method for material suction, air supplement and slag discharge. Background Art

[0002] During the shaft tunneling process, the tunneling depth can reach hundreds of meters, and the working conditions are extremely harsh. Conventional slag discharge methods such as scrapers and mud circulation have low efficiency and complex processes. The slag discharge method of negative pressure conveying has been applied to the development of shaft projects due to its advantages such as high slag discharge efficiency and simple installation.

[0003] In the existing shaft negative pressure slag discharge system, the material suction port is often directly fixed above the excavation tool and maintains a fixed material suction height. Due to the change of the geology of the excavation layer or the change of the tunneling speed, the slag discharge amount of the front excavation layer is often quite unstable, and there are often instantaneous sharp increases or decreases in the slag amount, resulting in the suction emptying and over-suction of the fixed-height material suction port. The suction emptying and over-suction of the material suction port will directly cause the instantaneous no-load and overload of the large fan, increasing the instability of the slag discharge system and bringing huge safety hazards to the fan.

[0004] To reduce the probability of suction emptying and over-suction, the material suction height can be adjusted and controlled through the design of a telescopic material suction port. However, the telescopic material suction port has the following problems: one is the telescopic speed problem. When the telescopic speed is slow, the suction emptying and over-suction states of the material suction port cannot be quickly relieved, increasing the unstable time of the slag discharge system. When the telescopic speed is fast enough, it leads to great design difficulty and high equipment cost; the other is the telescopic distance problem. The front-end slag excavation is a dynamic and unpredictable process, and new slag may appear at any time. The distance between the newly appeared slag and the material suction port changes instantaneously, bringing great difficulties to the accurate judgment of the telescopic distance of the material suction port. In the above two cases, it is very difficult for the material suction port to quickly and accurately telescopic, so the degree of reduction of the probability of suction emptying and over-suction is limited.

[0005] Therefore, based on the experience and practice of being engaged in the relevant industry for many years, the inventor of the present invention proposes a material suction and air supplement device and a method for material suction, air supplement and slag discharge to effectively reduce the probability of suction emptying and over-suction, protect the fan to the greatest extent, and reduce the risk of frequent instantaneous overload and no-load of the fan. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a material suction and air supplement device and a method for material suction, air supplement and slag discharge, which solve the problems of suction emptying and over-suction phenomena in the shaft pneumatic slag discharge process caused by the unstable amount of slag excavation at the front end of the shaft, as well as the instability of the slag discharge system, instantaneous overload and no-load of the fan caused by the above problems. The present invention can automatically and real-time adjust the material suction height and the air supplement amount, effectively reduce the probability of suction emptying and over-suction, protect the fan to the greatest extent, avoid damage to the fan, and improve the safety and reliability of the shaft pneumatic conveying system.

[0007] The object of the present invention is achieved in the following way. A material suction and air supplementing device includes a conveying pipeline body installed on the frame of a roadheader. The top end of the conveying pipeline body is connected to a slag storage tank, and a fan is connected to the slag storage tank. It also includes,

[0008] A telescopic material suction structure, including a material suction moving part. The bottom end of the material suction moving part is provided with a material suction port, and the suction height of the material suction port is set to be adjustable. The top end of the material suction moving part is connected to the conveying pipeline body through a telescopic part;

[0009] An air supplementing structure for supplementing air into the inner cavity of the conveying pipeline; it includes a liftable air supplementing moving part. An outer conveying sleeve is radially and spacedly sleeved on the outer side of the conveying pipeline body. An air supplementing port is provided on the side wall of the outer conveying sleeve, and an air supplementing channel capable of connecting the air supplementing port and the inner cavity of the conveying pipeline is provided on the air supplementing moving part;

[0010] A control and comparison part for controlling the states of the telescopic material suction structure and the air supplementing structure to adjust the suction height of the material suction port in real time and adjust the air supplementing amount of the air supplementing structure in real time.

[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the material suction moving part includes a material suction pipe body and a material suction outer sleeve that are radially and spacedly arranged. The top end of the material suction outer sleeve is hermetically and fixedly connected to the frame of the roadheader; the bottom end of the material suction pipe body is provided with the material suction port, and the top end of the material suction pipe body is connected to the telescopic part; the material suction pipe body can slide up and down hermetically along the material suction outer sleeve.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a first annular space sealed at both ends is formed between the material suction pipe body and the material suction outer sleeve; a sealing sleeve is provided on the outer wall of the material suction pipe body, and the outer side wall of the sealing sleeve hermetically slides against the inner wall of the material suction outer sleeve; the first annular space forms a first lower cavity below the sealing sleeve and a first upper cavity above the sealing sleeve. A first ventilation valve is connected to the first lower cavity, a second ventilation valve is connected to the first upper cavity, and a signal acquisition unit is penetrated through the side wall of the material suction pipe body. The signal acquisition unit, the first ventilation valve, and the second ventilation valve are all in signal connection with the control and comparison part.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, both the first ventilation valve and the second ventilation valve include a cavity - atmosphere mode and a cavity - industrial air mode; when the first ventilation valve switches to the cavity - industrial air mode, the second ventilation valve switches to the cavity - atmosphere mode, and the material suction pipe body moves upward; when the first ventilation valve switches to the cavity - atmosphere mode, the second ventilation valve switches to the cavity - industrial air mode, and the material suction pipe body moves downward.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an air vent section is provided on the side wall of the conveying pipeline body, and the air vent section includes air vent slots arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction; the air supplement moving part includes an air vent sleeve and a sealing cylinder that are hermetically connected, the air vent sleeve can slide axially along the conveying pipeline body, and the sealing cylinder can expand and contract under the drive of the air vent sleeve; an air supplement channel is provided on the side wall of the air vent sleeve; the sealing cylinder can hermetically block the air vent slot, and the air vent sleeve can move downward to connect the air supplement port, the air supplement channel, the air vent slot and the inner cavity of the conveying pipeline.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a second annulus sealed at both ends is formed between the conveying pipeline body and the conveying outer sleeve, the air vent sleeve can slide hermetically along the second annulus, the second annulus is located above the air vent sleeve to form a second upper cavity, the second annulus is located below the air vent sleeve to form a second lower cavity, a connecting piece is hermetically arranged at the top end of the second annulus, a first air vent pipe and a second air vent pipe communicating with the second upper cavity are hermetically penetrated through the connecting piece, a third air vent valve is connected to the first air vent pipe, a fourth air vent valve is connected to the second air vent pipe, and both the third air vent valve and the fourth air vent valve are signal-connected to the control and comparison part.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an adjusting structure is arranged in the second lower cavity, the top end of the adjusting structure abuts against the bottom end of the air vent sleeve, and the bottom end of the adjusting structure abuts against the top end of the first annulus.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, an air inlet is provided on the third air vent valve, and an air outlet is provided on the fourth air vent valve.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the control and comparison part includes the signal acquisition unit, the setting unit and the comparison unit. The signal acquisition unit is used to obtain the real-time monitoring data of the material suction port, the setting unit is used to input the set data value, the comparison unit is used to compare the real-time monitoring data with the set data value, and the comparison unit outputs control signals to the first air vent valve, the second air vent valve, the third air vent valve and the fourth air vent valve according to the data comparison result.

[0019] The object of the present invention can also be achieved in this way. A method for sucking materials, supplementing air and discharging slag uses the aforementioned material sucking and air supplementing device to lower the material sucking port of the telescopic material sucking structure into the excavation layer. The control and comparison unit obtains the real-time monitoring data of the material sucking port and compares the real-time monitoring data with the set data value. The control and comparison unit controls the states of the telescopic material sucking structure and the air supplementing structure according to the comparison result, so as to adjust the material sucking height of the material sucking port in real time and adjust the air supplementing amount of the air supplementing structure into the inner cavity of the conveying pipeline in real time.

[0020] As described above, the material sucking and air supplementing device and the method for sucking materials, supplementing air and discharging slag of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The present invention solves the problems of air suction and over-suction phenomena in the shaft pneumatic slag discharging process caused by unstable slag excavation volume at the front end of the shaft, as well as the problems of unstable slag discharging system, instantaneous overload and no-load of the fan caused by them. The present invention can automatically adjust the material sucking height and air supplementing amount in real time, effectively reduce the probability of air suction and over-suction, protect the fan to the greatest extent, avoid damage to the fan, and improve the safety and reliability of the shaft pneumatic conveying system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The following drawings are only intended to illustrate and explain the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention.

[0023] Wherein:

[0024] Figure 1 : is a schematic diagram of the material sucking and air supplementing device of the present invention.

[0025] In the figure:

[0026] 100, material sucking and air supplementing device;

[0027] 1, conveying pipeline body; 10, inner cavity of the conveying pipeline;

[0028] 2, slag storage tank;

[0029] 3, fan;

[0030] 4, telescopic material sucking structure;

[0031] 40, material sucking port; 41, material sucking movable part; 411, material sucking pipe body; 412, material sucking outer sleeve; 413, sealing sleeve; 42, telescopic part;

[0032] 5, air supplementing structure;

[0033] 51, air supplementing movable part; 511, ventilation sleeve; 512, sealing cylinder; 52, air supplementing channel; 53, connecting part; 531, first ventilation pipe; 532, second ventilation pipe; 54, adjusting structure;

[0034] 6, control and comparison unit;

[0035] 61. Signal acquisition unit; 62. Setting unit; 63. Comparison unit;

[0036] 7. Conveying outer sleeve; 71. Air supplement port;

[0037] 8. Roadheader frame;

[0038] 91. First ventilation valve; 92. Second ventilation valve; 93. Third ventilation valve; 94. Fourth ventilation valve. Detailed implementation manners

[0039] For a clearer understanding of the technical features, objectives, and effects of the present invention, the detailed implementation manners of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0040] The detailed implementation manners of the present invention described herein are only for the purpose of explaining the present invention and should not be construed in any way as a limitation of the present invention. Under the teaching of the present invention, those skilled in the art can conceive any possible variations based on the present invention, and all of these should be regarded as belonging to the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there can also be an intermediate element. When an element is considered to be "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intermediate element at the same time. The terms "mounted", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection, or it can be the communication inside two elements. It can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms can be understood according to specific circumstances. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and similar expressions used herein are only for the purpose of illustration and do not represent the only implementation manner.

[0041] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific implementation manners and are not intended to limit this application. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the related listed items.

[0042] As Figure 1 shown, the present invention provides a material suction and air supplement device 100, which includes a conveying pipeline body 1 erected on a roadheader frame 8. The top of the conveying pipeline body 1 is connected to a slag storage tank 2, and a blower 3 is connected to the slag storage tank 2; further included is

[0043] The telescopic material suction structure 4 includes a material suction movable part 41. A material suction port 40 is provided at the bottom end of the material suction movable part 41, and the suction height of the material suction port 40 is set to be adjustable; the top end of the material suction movable part 41 is connected to the conveying pipeline body 1 through a telescopic part 42;

[0044] The air supplement structure 5 is used to supplement air into the inner cavity 10 of the conveying pipeline; it includes a liftable air supplement movable part 51. A conveying outer sleeve 7 is sleeved on the outer side of the conveying pipeline body at a radial interval. An air supplement port 71 is provided on the side wall of the conveying outer sleeve 7, and an air supplement channel 52 that can connect the air supplement port 71 and the inner cavity 10 of the conveying pipeline is provided on the air supplement movable part 51;

[0045] The control and comparison part 6 is used to control the states of the telescopic material suction structure 4 and the air supplement structure 5 to adjust the suction height of the material suction port 40 in real time and adjust the air supplement amount of the air supplement structure 5 in real time. The control and comparison part automatically adjusts the suction height and the air supplement amount in real time, which can effectively reduce the probability of air suction and over-suction, and protect the fan to the greatest extent.

[0046] The present invention can monitor the real-time data value of the material suction port in real time and can be adjusted through two adjustment modes. The first mode is to adjust the suction height in real time: the suction height of the material suction port of the telescopic material suction structure 4 can be adjusted in real time according to needs to realize the adjustment of the real-time monitoring data (which can be pressure, air flow rate, air volume, air density, etc.) at the material suction port, and can effectively avoid air suction and over-suction at the material suction port; the second mode is to adjust the air supplement amount in real time: the air supplement structure 5 can adjust the communication area between the air supplement port 71 and the inner cavity 10 of the conveying pipeline by lifting the air supplement movable part 51, so as to realize the real-time adjustment of the air supplement amount; it can minimize the overload and no-load effects on the fan caused by air suction and over-suction to the greatest extent.

[0047] The material suction and air supplement device provided by the present invention solves the problems of air suction and over-suction phenomena during the pneumatic mucking process of the shaft and the resulting instability of the mucking system, instantaneous overload and no-load of the fan due to the unstable mucking volume at the front end of the shaft; the material suction and air supplement device of the present invention can automatically adjust the suction height and the air supplement amount in real time, can effectively reduce the probability of air suction and over-suction, protect the fan to the greatest extent, avoid damage to the fan, and improve the safety and reliability of the shaft pneumatic conveying system.

[0048] Further, as Figure 1 shown, the material suction movable part 41 includes a material suction pipe body 411 and a material suction outer sleeve 412 that are arranged at a radial interval. The top end of the material suction outer sleeve 412 is fixedly connected to the tunneling machine frame 8 in a sealed manner; the bottom end of the material suction pipe body 411 is provided with a material suction port 40, and the top end of the material suction pipe body 411 is connected to the telescopic part 42; the material suction pipe body 411 can slide and lift along the material suction outer sleeve 412 in a sealed manner.

[0049] Further, as Figure 1As shown, a first annulus sealed at both ends is formed between the material suction pipe body 411 and the material suction outer sleeve pipe 412; a sealing sleeve 413 is arranged on the outer wall of the material suction pipe body 411, and the outer side wall of the sealing sleeve 413 is sealed and slidably abutted against the inner wall of the material suction outer sleeve pipe 412; the first annulus is located below the sealing sleeve 413 to form a first lower cavity, and the first annulus is located above the sealing sleeve 413 to form a first upper cavity. A first ventilation valve 91 is communicated and arranged in the first lower cavity, and a second ventilation valve 92 is communicated and arranged in the first upper cavity. A signal acquisition unit 61 is penetrated through the side wall of the material suction pipe body 411. The signal acquisition unit 61, the first ventilation valve 91 and the second ventilation valve 92 are all signal-connected to the control and comparison part, which can preferably be electrically connected, or can be hydraulically controlled connected, or pneumatically controlled connected, or even purely mechanically controlled connected.

[0050] Further, as Figure 1 shown, both the first ventilation valve 91 and the second ventilation valve 92 include a cavity-atmosphere mode and a cavity-industrial air mode; through the switching cooperation of the first ventilation valve 91 and the second ventilation valve 92, the up and down telescoping of the material suction port is realized: when the first ventilation valve 91 switches to the cavity-industrial air mode, the second ventilation valve 92 switches to the cavity-atmosphere mode, and the material suction pipe body 411 moves upward; when the first ventilation valve 91 switches to the cavity-atmosphere mode, the second ventilation valve 92 switches to the cavity-industrial air mode, and the material suction pipe body 411 moves downward. The present invention preferably selects industrial air as the power source for the telescopic movement of the material suction port (it can also be realized by power source modes such as electric, hydraulic, and mechanical). During the up and down movement of the material suction pipe body 411, the telescopic part 42 is also compressed and stretched accordingly, and at the same time, the adjustment of the material suction height is realized.

[0051] Further, as Figure 1 shown, a ventilation section is arranged on the side wall of the conveying pipeline body 1. The ventilation section includes ventilation through grooves arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction; the air supplement movable part 51 includes a ventilation sleeve 511 and a sealing cylinder 512 that are hermetically communicated. The ventilation sleeve 511 can slide along the axial direction of the conveying pipeline body 1, and the sealing cylinder 512 can be telescoped under the drive of the ventilation sleeve 511; a air supplement channel 52 is arranged on the side wall of the ventilation sleeve 511; the sealing cylinder 512 can hermetically block the ventilation through grooves, and the ventilation sleeve 511 can move downward to connect the air supplement port 71, the air supplement channel 52, the ventilation through grooves and the inner cavity 10 of the conveying pipeline.

[0052] Further, as Figure 1As shown in the figure, a second annulus with sealed ends is formed between the conveying pipeline body 1 and the conveying outer sleeve 7. The ventilation sleeve 511 can slide sealingly along the second annulus. The second annulus above the ventilation sleeve 511 forms a second upper cavity, and the second annulus below the ventilation sleeve 511 forms a second lower cavity. A connecting piece 53 is sealingly arranged at the top end of the second annulus. A first ventilation pipe 531 and a second ventilation pipe 532 communicating with the second upper cavity are sealingly penetrated through the connecting piece 53. A third ventilation valve 93 is communicated with the first ventilation pipe 531, and a fourth ventilation valve 94 is communicated with the second ventilation pipe 532. Both the third ventilation valve 93 and the fourth ventilation valve 94 are signal-connected to the control and comparison part 6, which can preferably be electrically connected, or hydraulically controlled, or pneumatically controlled, or even purely mechanically controlled.

[0053] Furthermore, as Figure 1 shown in the figure, an adjusting structure 54 is arranged in the second lower cavity. The top end of the adjusting structure 54 abuts against the bottom end of the ventilation sleeve 511, and the bottom end of the adjusting structure 54 abuts against the top end of the first annulus.

[0054] Furthermore, an air inlet is arranged on the third ventilation valve 93, and an air outlet is arranged on the fourth ventilation valve 94. Through the switching cooperation of the third ventilation valve 93 and the fourth ventilation valve 94, the air supplementing movable part 51 moves up and down to realize the adjustment of the air supplementing amount. The present invention preferably selects industrial air as the power source for the up and down movement of the air supplementing movable part 51 (it can also be realized by power sources such as electric, hydraulic, and mechanical methods).

[0055] When the fourth ventilation valve 94 is closed and the third ventilation valve 93 is opened, air enters the second upper cavity. When the pressure generated by the gas is greater than the adjusting force of the adjusting structure 54, the ventilation sleeve 511 moves downward and stops when the pneumatic pressure is equal to the adjusting force; when the third ventilation valve 93 is closed and the fourth ventilation valve 94 exhausts air, air is discharged from the second upper cavity. When the pressure generated by the gas is less than the adjusting force of the adjusting structure 54, the ventilation sleeve 511 moves upward and stops when the pneumatic pressure is equal to the adjusting force.

[0056] The ventilation sleeve 511 is provided with an air supplementing channel 52, which is communicated with the inner cavity 10 of the conveying pipeline. During the up and down movement of the ventilation sleeve 511, the sealing cylinder 512 can always ensure the sealing between components, and the adjusting structure 54 is adjusted along with the up and down movement of the ventilation sleeve 511. When the ventilation sleeve 511 moves to the area of the air supplementing port 71, the air supplementing channel 52 of the ventilation sleeve 511 can communicate the atmosphere with the inner cavity 10 of the conveying pipeline to realize air supplementing, and vice versa, the air supplementing amount can be reduced. The size of the air supplementing amount is mainly affected by the overlapping area between the air supplementing channel 52 of the ventilation sleeve 511 and the air supplementing port 71, and this area depends on the opening degrees of the third ventilation valve 93 and the fourth ventilation valve 94, and the opening degrees are ultimately controlled by the comparison unit 63.

[0057] Further, as Figure 1 shown, the control and comparison unit 6 includes a signal acquisition unit 61, a setting unit 62, and a comparison unit 63. The signal acquisition unit 61 is used to obtain the real-time monitoring data of the material suction port 40. The setting unit 62 is used to input the set data value. The comparison unit 63 is used to compare the real-time monitoring data with the set data value. The comparison unit 63 outputs control signals to the first ventilation valve 91, the second ventilation valve 92, the third ventilation valve 93, and the fourth ventilation valve 94 according to the data comparison result.

[0058] The first ventilation valve 91, the second ventilation valve 92, the third ventilation valve 93, and the fourth ventilation valve 94 can be electrically controlled, pneumatically controlled, or electro-pneumatically controlled. In the working conditions such as coal mines or explosion-proof, pneumatic control is preferably selected, without electrical signals, to maximize the safety of use under special working conditions.

[0059] The real-time monitoring data of the material suction port (real-time signal, which can be pressure, air flow rate, air volume, air density, etc.) is obtained through the signal acquisition unit 61. The comparison unit 63 compares the real-time monitoring data with the set data value and outputs a control signal. When the control signal controls the third ventilation valve 93 and the fourth ventilation valve 94, the adjustment of the air supplement amount can be realized. When the control signal controls the first ventilation valve 91 and the second ventilation valve 92, the adjustment of the material suction height can be realized. In the first embodiment of the present invention, the real-time monitoring data is pressure. Through the coordinated control of the above-mentioned units, the pressure of the material suction port can always be kept consistent with the set value. Even in the case of air suction or over-suction at the material suction port, the impact on the fan can be effectively reduced.

[0060] In the first embodiment of the present invention, the pressure at the material suction port always matches the set value, and the specific principle is as follows: The real-time pressure value of the material suction port 40 is collected and transmitted to the comparison unit 63. The comparison unit 63 compares the real-time pressure value with the set data value of the setting unit. When the real-time pressure value is not within the range of the set data value, the comparison unit 63 outputs a control signal to control the corresponding valve to perform air supplement or adjustment of the material suction height, so that the real-time pressure value of the material suction port 40 changes towards the set range. However, it is difficult for the real-time pressure value of the material suction port 40 to directly meet the requirements after one air supplement or adjustment of the material suction height. At this time, the system will continue to collect the real-time pressure value of the material suction port 40 after adjustment, compare it with the set data value again, and then determine whether to continue to output the control signal and the magnitude of the output control signal according to the deviation magnitude, so as to further reduce the error between the real-time pressure value of the material suction port 40 and the set data value. After repeating this process many times, until the real-time pressure value of the material suction port 40 is within the range of the set data value, the adjustment stops. The above adjustment process forms a closed-loop system, continuously monitoring, comparing, controlling, feedbacking, comparing again, and controlling again the real-time pressure value of the material suction port 40, so as to maintain the real-time signal value of the material suction port.

[0061] The present invention also provides a method for sucking material, supplementing air, and discharging slag. Using the aforementioned material suction and air supplement device 100, the material suction port 40 of the telescopic material suction structure is lowered into the excavation layer (for sucking slag). By controlling the comparison unit 6 to obtain the real-time monitoring data of the material suction port and comparing the real-time monitoring data with the set data value, the comparison unit 6 controls the states of the telescopic material suction structure 4 and the air supplement structure 5 according to the comparison result, so as to adjust the material suction height of the material suction port 40 in real time and adjust the air supplement amount of the air supplement structure 5 to the inner cavity 10 of the conveying pipeline in real time.

[0062] Taking the real-time monitoring data collected by the signal acquisition unit 61 as pressure data as an example, the method for sucking material, supplementing air, and discharging slag of the material suction and air supplement device 100 is described (only some typical working conditions are listed here):

[0063] First, determine the following pressure values according to calculation or experiment: the pressure range C - D at the material suction port under normal material suction conditions, the pressure range A - B for recognized over-suction, and the pressure range E - F for recognized suction void, where A, C, and E represent the lower limit values of the corresponding pressures, and B, D, and F represent the upper limit values of the corresponding pressures. Then, set the over-suction pressure range A - B and the suction void pressure range E - F in the comparison unit 63, and set the normal material suction pressure range C - D in the setting unit 62. Finally, start each component of the material suction and air supplement device 100, and compare the real-time pressure value P collected by the signal acquisition unit 61 with the above pressure ranges respectively, and perform corresponding valve control. The specific comparison and valve control methods are as follows:

[0064] Condition 1: When C < P < D, that is, when the real-time pressure at the material suction port 40 is within the normal material suction pressure range, it is determined that the material suction is normal, the material suction height is appropriate, there is no over-suction or air suction phenomenon, and no adjustment is required.

[0065] Condition 2: When B < P < C, that is, when the real-time pressure at the material suction port 40 is greater than the upper limit of the over-suction pressure range and less than the lower limit of the normal material suction pressure, it is determined that the material suction is abnormal, the material suction height at the material suction port is lower than the normal height range, but there is no over-suction or air suction phenomenon. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the height of the material suction port 40. At this time, the comparison unit 63 outputs a signal to control the second ventilation valve 92 to communicate with the atmosphere, control the first ventilation valve 91 to input industrial air, and the height of the material suction port 40 is increased. During the lifting process, the real-time pressure P will change accordingly and be transmitted to the comparison unit 63 in real time until the real-time pressure value P meets Condition 1, then the first ventilation valve 91 and the second ventilation valve 92 are closed, and the adjustment is stopped.

[0066] Condition 3: When A < P < B, that is, when the real-time pressure value at the material suction port 40 is within the over-suction pressure range, it is determined that the material suction is abnormal and there is an over-suction phenomenon at the material suction port 40. To quickly eliminate the impact of over-suction on the fan 3, first, the comparison unit 63 outputs a signal to control the third ventilation valve 93 to input industrial air and control the fourth ventilation valve 94 to close, then the ventilation sleeve 511 descends, increasing the air supplement port 71. During the process of increasing the air supplement port 71, the real-time pressure value P will change accordingly and be transmitted to the comparison unit 63 in real time to compare the real-time pressure value P with the set value. After one or several repeated adjustments of the air supplement operation, until B < P < C, it is determined that the over-suction phenomenon is eliminated. At this time, the air supplement is stopped, the third ventilation valve 93 and the fourth ventilation valve 94 are closed, and the actions and judgments in the case of Condition 2 are executed until the real-time pressure value P meets Condition 1, then the first ventilation valve 91 and the second ventilation valve 92 are closed, and the adjustment is stopped.

[0067] Condition 4: When D < P < E, that is, when the real-time pressure at the material suction port 40 is greater than the upper limit of the normal material suction pressure and less than the lower limit of the air suction pressure range, it is determined that the material suction is abnormal, the material suction height at the material suction port 40 is higher than the normal height range, but there is no over-suction or air suction phenomenon. Therefore, it is necessary to decrease the height of the material suction port 40. At this time, the comparison unit 63 outputs a signal to control the first ventilation valve 91 to communicate with the atmosphere, control the second ventilation valve 92 to input industrial air, and the height of the material suction port 40 is decreased. During the descent process, the real-time pressure value P will change accordingly and be transmitted to the comparison unit 63 in real time until the real-time pressure value P meets Condition 1, then the first ventilation valve 91 and the second ventilation valve 92 are closed, and the adjustment is stopped.

[0068] Operating condition five: When E < P < F, that is, when the real-time pressure at the material suction port 40 is within the air suction pressure range, it is determined that the material suction is abnormal and there is an air suction phenomenon at the material suction port 40. To quickly eliminate the impact of instantaneous air suction on the fan 3, first, the comparison unit 63 outputs a signal to control the third ventilation valve 93 to close and the fourth ventilation valve 94 to open. Then, the ventilation sleeve 511 rises, reducing the air supplement connection area. During the process of reducing the air supplement connection area, the real-time pressure value P will change accordingly and be transmitted to the comparison unit 63 in real time for comparison with the set value. After one or several repeated adjustments of the air supplement operation, until D < P < E, it is determined that the instantaneous air suction phenomenon is eliminated. At this time, stop air supplement, close the third ventilation valve 93 and the fourth ventilation valve 94, and perform the actions and judgments in the case of operating condition four until the real-time pressure P meets the requirements of operating condition one, then close the first ventilation valve 91 and the second ventilation valve 92, and stop the adjustment.

[0069] As described above, the material suction air supplement device and the material suction air supplement slag discharging method of the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

[0070] The present invention solves the problems of air suction and over-suction phenomena during the shaft pneumatic slag discharging process caused by unstable excavation volume of the muck at the front end of the shaft, as well as the problems of unstable slag discharging system, instantaneous overload and no-load of the fan caused by them; the present invention can automatically adjust the material suction height and air supplement amount in real time, effectively reduce the probability of air suction and over-suction, protect the fan to the greatest extent, avoid damage to the fan, and improve the safety and reliability of the shaft pneumatic conveying system.

[0071] The above is only the schematic specific implementation manner of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept and principle of the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A material suction and air supplementing device, comprising a conveying pipeline body erected on the frame of a roadheader, the top end of the conveying pipeline body is communicated with a slag storage tank, and a fan is communicated and arranged on the slag storage tank; characterized in that, It further includes a telescopic material suction structure, including a material suction moving part, with a material suction port provided at the bottom end of the material suction moving part, and the suction height of the material suction port being set to be adjustable; the top end of the material suction moving part is connected to the conveying pipeline body through a telescopic part; a gas supplementing structure for supplementing gas into the inner cavity of the conveying pipeline; it includes a gas supplementing moving part that can move up and down. The conveying pipeline body is radially and spacedly sleeved with a conveying outer sleeve, and a gas supplementing port is provided on the side wall of the conveying outer sleeve. A gas supplementing channel that can connect the gas supplementing port and the inner cavity of the conveying pipeline is provided on the gas supplementing moving part; a control and comparison part for controlling the states of the telescopic material suction structure and the gas supplementing structure to adjust the suction height of the material suction port in real time and the gas supplementing amount of the gas supplementing structure in real time; The material suction moving part includes a material suction pipe body and a material suction outer sleeve that are radially and spacedly arranged. The top end of the material suction outer sleeve is hermetically and fixedly connected to the roadheader frame; the material suction port is provided at the bottom end of the material suction pipe body, and the top end of the material suction pipe body is connected to the telescopic part; the material suction pipe body can slide up and down hermetically along the material suction outer sleeve; A first annular space sealed at both ends is formed between the material suction pipe body and the material suction outer sleeve; a sealing sleeve is provided on the outer wall of the material suction pipe body, and the outer side wall of the sealing sleeve hermetically slides against the inner wall of the material suction outer sleeve; the first annular space forms a first lower cavity below the sealing sleeve and a first upper cavity above the sealing sleeve. A first ventilation valve is connected to the first lower cavity, and a second ventilation valve is connected to the first upper cavity. A signal acquisition unit penetrates through the side wall of the material suction pipe body, and the signal acquisition unit, the first ventilation valve, and the second ventilation valve are all signal-connected to the control and comparison part; A ventilation section is provided on the side wall of the conveying pipeline body, and the ventilation section includes ventilation slots arranged at circumferential intervals; the gas supplementing moving part includes a ventilation sleeve and a sealing cylinder that are hermetically connected. The ventilation sleeve can slide axially along the conveying pipeline body, and the sealing cylinder can be telescoped under the drive of the ventilation sleeve; the gas supplementing channel is provided on the side wall of the ventilation sleeve; the sealing cylinder can hermetically block the ventilation slots, and the ventilation sleeve can move down to connect the gas supplementing port, the gas supplementing channel, the ventilation slots, and the inner cavity of the conveying pipeline; A second annular space sealed at both ends is formed between the conveying pipeline body and the conveying outer sleeve. The ventilation sleeve can slide hermetically along the second annular space. The second annular space forms a second upper cavity above the ventilation sleeve and a second lower cavity below the ventilation sleeve. A connecting piece is hermetically provided at the top end of the second annular space, and a first air pipe and a second air pipe communicating with the second upper cavity are hermetically penetrated through the connecting piece. A third ventilation valve is connected to the first air pipe, and a fourth ventilation valve is connected to the second air pipe. The third ventilation valve and the fourth ventilation valve are both signal-connected to the control and comparison part; An air inlet is provided on the third ventilation valve, and an air outlet is provided on the fourth ventilation valve; Adjust the real-time pressure value of the material suction port by adjusting the size of the air supplement port.

2. The material suction and air supplementing device according to claim 1, wherein Both the first ventilation valve and the second ventilation valve include a cavity-atmosphere mode and a cavity-industrial air mode; when the first ventilation valve switches to the cavity-industrial air mode, the second ventilation valve switches to the cavity-atmosphere mode, and the main body of the material suction pipe moves upward. When the first ventilation valve switches to the cavity-atmosphere mode, the second ventilation valve switches to the cavity-industrial air mode, and the main body of the material suction pipe moves downward.

3. The material suction and air supplementing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, An adjustment structure is arranged in the second lower cavity, the top end of the adjustment structure abuts against the bottom end of the ventilation sleeve, and the bottom end of the adjustment structure abuts against the top end of the first annulus.

4. The material suction and air supplementing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The control and comparison part includes the signal acquisition unit, the setting unit and the comparison unit. The signal acquisition unit is used to obtain the real-time monitoring data of the material suction port, the setting unit is used to input the set data value, the comparison unit is used to compare the real-time monitoring data and the set data value, and the comparison unit outputs control signals to the first ventilation valve, the second ventilation valve, the third ventilation valve and the fourth ventilation valve according to the data comparison result.

5. A method for sucking material, supplementing air and discharging slag, characterized in that When using the material suction and air supplement device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, lower the material suction port of the telescopic material suction structure into the excavation layer, obtain the real-time monitoring data of the material suction port through the control and comparison part and compare the real-time monitoring data with the set data value. The control and comparison part controls the states of the telescopic material suction structure and the air supplement structure according to the comparison result, so as to adjust the material suction height of the material suction port in real time and adjust the air supplement amount of the air supplement structure to the inner cavity of the conveying pipeline in real time.

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