A highway tunnel sectional key smoke exhaust system and method

Abstract

The application discloses a highway tunnel sectional key smoke exhaust system, which comprises a smoke exhaust duct arranged along the length direction of the tunnel, wherein the smoke exhaust duct is separated from the tunnel by a smoke duct plate; end smoke exhaust machine rooms arranged at the two ends of the smoke exhaust duct and multiple groups of normally closed smoke exhaust units arranged at intervals below the smoke exhaust duct; the two end smoke exhaust machine rooms are communicated with the smoke exhaust duct; wherein the number of smoke exhaust ports in each group of the smoke exhaust units is 3-5, the area of the smoke exhaust port is 5-10 m 2 ; and the interval between two adjacent groups of the smoke exhaust units is 200-1000 m. The highway tunnel sectional key smoke exhaust system has the advantages of simple longitudinal smoke exhaust system control, safety and reliability, good key smoke exhaust system effect, and the like, and can overcome the defects of large air leakage, long smoke spreading distance under the action of piston wind and poor smoke exhaust system effect of the prior art.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of tunnel ventilation and smoke exhaust, and particularly relates to a highway tunnel sectional key smoke exhaust system and method. BACKGROUND

[0002] Currently, the common smoke exhaust modes for highway tunnels include longitudinal smoke exhaust and key smoke exhaust. The longitudinal smoke exhaust has the advantages of simple control and high reliability, but has the disadvantages that only the upstream of the fire source is a safe zone, the downstream of the fire source is a smoke zone, the smoke spreading path is long, the rescue path is single, and is only suitable for city one-way traffic tunnels with a smoke exhaust section of no more than 3 km and highway one-way traffic tunnels with a length of less than 5 km. Compared with the longitudinal smoke exhaust system, the key smoke exhaust system can effectively control the smoke within a certain range, especially in the tunnel blocking working condition, which can better ensure the safe evacuation of the tunnel occupants and win valuable time for personnel evacuation and rescue. In recent years, key smoke exhaust has been widely applied in long and large highway tunnels at home and abroad.

[0003] Currently, the smoke exhaust ports of the conventional key smoke exhaust system are usually arranged at intervals of 60 m, and a group of smoke exhaust ports are opened simultaneously at the upstream and downstream of the fire source during a fire, and the fans in the two end smoke exhaust machine rooms are also opened to exhaust smoke to the fire tunnel. This smoke exhaust mode has the following three problems for super-long tunnels: 1. Due to the structure type and installation process of the smoke exhaust port, a certain amount of air leakage will be generated for each smoke exhaust port, and the longer the tunnel, the more smoke exhaust ports need to be arranged, and the air leakage amount generated by the smoke exhaust ports will also increase. For super-long tunnels, the increase in air leakage will lead to insufficient smoke exhaust at the fire point, which cannot effectively exhaust smoke, resulting in poor or ineffective key smoke exhaust system. Figure 1 As shown in FIG. 2, when a fire occurs, the corresponding tunnel smoke exhaust mode is started, and usually 3 groups of smoke exhaust ports are opened at the upstream and downstream of the fire source. Before the fire occurs, the normal driving of vehicles in the tunnel will generate piston wind, and the longitudinal wind speed in the tunnel can reach 5-8 m / s; after the fire occurs, the vehicles at the upstream of the fire source stop and evacuate, and the vehicles at the downstream of the fire source continue to drive away from the tunnel and still form a certain amount of piston wind, and the fire smoke is affected by the double superposition of the normal operation piston wind and the piston wind generated by the driving away of the vehicles at the downstream of the fire source, and is blown to the downstream of the fire source by the longitudinal wind. For super-long tunnels, the piston wind needs a certain amount of time to decay, and the smoke exhaust system needs 180 s from starting to normal operation, so for super-long tunnels, the fire smoke is likely to pass through the downstream opened smoke exhaust port under the action of the longitudinal wind, and the upstream smoke exhaust port is a fresh air zone and cannot exhaust smoke, which leads to the fact that the key smoke exhaust system cannot completely capture the smoke, cannot control the smoke within the opened smoke exhaust section, and causes the smoke exhaust system to fail. 3. The distance between the smoke exhaust ports is 60 m, and each 60 m is a smoke exhaust section. For super-long tunnels, such as a 10 km tunnel, more than 160 groups of smoke exhaust ports and more than 160 modes are needed, and the number of smoke exhaust sections is large, the control system is complex and difficult, and the system reliability is fundamentally reduced.

[0004] Chinese patent application No. 201711020305.9 discloses a highway tunnel segmented key smoke exhaust system and a smoke exhaust method. The system comprises: a plurality of suspended ceiling air ducts arranged at intervals along the longitudinal direction on the top of the first driving main hole, a main smoke exhaust duct arranged on the top of the service tunnel, and a transverse communication flue corresponding to each suspended ceiling air duct, one end of which communicates with the suspended ceiling air duct and the other end of which communicates with the main smoke exhaust duct. The advantages are: the suspended ceiling air ducts arranged on the top of the main hole have strong bearing capacity, the area of the electric smoke exhaust port arranged at the bottom can be expanded to 50m 2 , the longitudinal spacing can reach 1000m, the number of electric smoke exhaust ports is reduced, and the smoke exhaust control plan is simplified. However, the patent does not consider that due to the large distance and the expansion of the area of the electric smoke exhaust port, the distance traveled by the smoke in the tunnel is increased, which may lead to a decrease in smoke exhaust efficiency and a suction phenomenon during smoke exhaust, resulting in limited smoke exhaust effect. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide a highway tunnel segmented key smoke exhaust system and method, which aims to overcome the drawbacks of the existing highway tunnel key smoke exhaust system, such as a large number of smoke exhaust ports, a large amount of air leakage, and poor smoke exhaust effect of some smoke exhaust ports, and to improve the form of the smoke exhaust port to effectively prevent the suction phenomenon during smoke exhaust without reducing the smoke exhaust efficiency, thereby ensuring the smoke exhaust effect.

[0006] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A highway tunnel segmented key smoke exhaust system comprises a smoke exhaust duct arranged along the length direction of the tunnel, the smoke exhaust duct is separated from the tunnel by a smoke exhaust duct plate, end smoke exhaust machine rooms arranged at the two ends of the smoke exhaust duct, and a plurality of groups of normally closed smoke exhaust units arranged at intervals below the smoke exhaust duct; the two end smoke exhaust machine rooms communicate with the smoke exhaust duct.

[0008] The number of smoke exhaust ports in each group of smoke exhaust units is 3-5, the area of the smoke exhaust port is 5-10m 2 , and the spacing between adjacent two groups of smoke exhaust units is 200-1000m.

[0009] Preferably, the smoke exhaust ports are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the tunnel, and the spacing between adjacent two smoke exhaust ports in the same group is 80-120cm.

[0010] Preferably, a smoke baffle is arranged below the smoke outlet, and a supporting mechanism is arranged around the smoke baffle; the supporting mechanism comprises a motor and a supporting block, the motor is fixedly connected with the smoke baffle, and the supporting block is fixedly connected with the motor; the supporting block is a slidable component and is driven by the motor; when the smoke outlet is in a closed state, the supporting block extrudes the smoke baffle inward under the action of the motor, so that the smoke baffle is in a sealed state with the smoke outlet.

[0011] Preferably, the smoke outlet is connected with the smoke baffle through a chain; when an opening instruction of the smoke outlet is received, the supporting mechanism below the smoke outlet slides outward, and the smoke baffle naturally falls; the falling height is H.

[0012] Preferably, the length of H is 40-60 cm.

[0013] Preferably, two adjacent groups of the smoke exhaust units form a smoke exhaust section.

[0014] Preferably, a plurality of fire detectors and a plurality of bidirectional reversible rotary jet fans are arranged in the tunnel in a longitudinal direction; the fire detectors, the jet fans, the smoke exhaust units and the end smoke exhaust machine rooms are connected with the control center.

[0015] Preferably, when the tunnel is an uphill road, the distance between two adjacent groups of the smoke exhaust units is 700-1000 m; when the tunnel is a flat road, the distance between two adjacent groups of the smoke exhaust units is 500-700 m; and when the tunnel is a downhill road, the distance between two adjacent groups of the smoke exhaust units is 200-500 m.

[0016] Specifically, the actual distance between two adjacent groups of the smoke exhaust units is determined by comprehensively considering factors such as the tunnel type, the fire scale, the tunnel length, the traffic volume and the wiring conditions at both ends.

[0017] The application also protects a method for smoke exhaust by the sectional key smoke exhaust system of the highway tunnel, which comprises the following steps.

[0018] Step one: when the fire detector in the tunnel detects a fire, the position information of the fire source and the fire disaster information are sent to the control center;

[0019] Step two: according to the position of the fire source, only a plurality of smoke exhaust units downstream of the fire source are opened, and the jet fans above the fire source are opened at the same time, so that the jet fans upstream blow air towards the position of the fire source to form a certain longitudinal ventilation speed; the fans in the end smoke exhaust machine rooms at both ends of the smoke flue are opened, and the fire smoke is controlled in the section between the fire point and the opened smoke exhaust units by the suction force of the smoke flue, the suction force of the smoke outlet and the longitudinal thrust of the jet fans.

[0020] Step three, the flue gas in the tunnel passes through the exhaust port into the exhaust flue arranged along the length direction of the tunnel, and then further passes through the exhaust flue into the end exhaust machine room at both ends, and is finally discharged to the external environment.

[0021] Preferably, the number of the opened exhaust units in step two is 2-4 groups.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) The highway tunnel sectional type key exhaust system provided by the present application increases the distance of the exhaust unit, greatly reduces the number of exhaust ports, thereby reducing the air leakage of the exhaust system; by using the longitudinal wind speed generated by the piston wind in the tunnel and the exhaust fan in the early stage of the fire, only a few exhaust ports downstream of the fire source need to be opened, and the flue gas is discharged outside through the opened exhaust ports and exhaust flues; the flue gas can be effectively controlled in the section of the exhaust ports opened downstream of the fire source, and the flue gas in the section is above the personnel evacuation height; the number of exhaust system partitions is greatly reduced, and the reliability of the control system is improved.

[0024] (2) The highway tunnel sectional type key exhaust system provided by the present application has the characteristics of simple, safe and reliable longitudinal exhaust system control, and the advantages of good key exhaust system effect; the exhaust port adopts a plate structure, and under the closed condition, the overall air leakage is much lower than that of the louver type exhaust port under the extrusion action of the supporting mechanism; the natural drop H of the exhaust port during the fire plays a role in preventing suction through, and improves the exhaust efficiency of the exhaust port. The present application reasonably increases the distance of the exhaust unit to a certain distance, and cooperates with the plate structure of the exhaust port; without affecting the exhaust efficiency, the number of exhaust ports is reduced, and the setting of the smoke baffle can also prevent the suction through phenomenon during the exhaust process, ensuring the exhaust efficiency of the exhaust port, which can overcome the shortcomings of the existing super-long tunnel key exhaust system, such as large air leakage, long smoke spreading distance under the action of piston wind, and poor exhaust system effect. In the key exhaust system of the super-long underwater tunnel, the present application has obvious technical advancement, significant economy and strong practicality, and will have a broad market application prospect.

[0025] (3) The highway tunnel sectional type key exhaust system provided by the present application sets the exhaust port of each group as a plurality of small area exhaust ports, which reduces the size of the exhaust port under the condition of ensuring the same exhaust efficiency, and facilitates the processing and installation of the exhaust port; and a group of exhaust units composed of a plurality of small areas can also effectively reduce the phenomenon of smoke being sucked through during the exhaust process, ensuring the exhaust efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of air flow organization of a conventional key exhaust system in the prior art;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic plan view of the sectional key smoke exhaust system of the present invention (normal operation state);

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sectional key smoke exhaust system of the present invention (fire smoke exhaust state);

[0029] Figure 4 This is a structural schematic diagram of the smoke exhaust unit of the present invention in a closed state;

[0030] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the smoke exhaust unit of the present invention in the open state.

[0031] Among them, 1. End smoke exhaust room; 2. Driveway; 3. Smoke exhaust duct; 4. Smoke exhaust unit closed state; 41. Smoke exhaust unit open state; 5. Smoke exhaust port; 6. Supporting mechanism; 7. Flue plate; 8. Chain; 9. Smoke shield. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Example

[0033] like Figures 2-3 As shown, a highway tunnel section-type focused smoke exhaust system includes a smoke exhaust duct 3 arranged along the length of the tunnel, the smoke exhaust duct 3 being separated from the tunnel by a smoke duct plate 7; end smoke exhaust machine rooms 1 located at both ends of the smoke exhaust duct 3 and multiple groups of normally closed smoke exhaust units 4 arranged at intervals below the smoke exhaust duct 3; the two end smoke exhaust machine rooms 1 are connected to the smoke exhaust duct 3;

[0034] The number of smoke exhaust ports 5 in each group of the smoke exhaust units 4 is 3, and the area of ​​the smoke exhaust ports 5 is 10m 2 ; The distance between two adjacent groups of the smoke exhaust units 4 is 500m.

[0035] In this embodiment, the smoke exhaust ports 5 are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the tunnel, and the distance between two adjacent smoke exhaust ports 5 in the same group is 100 cm.

[0036] like Figure 4As shown, in the embodiment, a smoke baffle 9 is arranged below the smoke outlet 5, and a supporting mechanism 6 is arranged around the smoke baffle 9; the supporting mechanism 6 comprises a motor and a supporting block, the motor is fixedly connected with the smoke baffle 7, and the supporting block is fixedly connected with the motor; the supporting block is a slidable component, and is driven by the motor; when the smoke outlet 5 is in a closed state, the supporting block extrudes the smoke baffle 9 inward under the action of the motor, so that the smoke baffle 9 is in a sealed state with the smoke outlet 5.

[0037] As shown in the figure, Figure 5 In the embodiment, the smoke outlet 5 is connected with the smoke baffle 7 through a chain 8; when an opening instruction of the smoke outlet is received, the supporting mechanism below the smoke outlet slides outward, and the smoke baffle 9 naturally falls down, and the falling height is H.

[0038] In the embodiment, the length of H is 50 cm.

[0039] In the embodiment, two groups of adjacent smoke exhaust units 4 form a smoke exhaust section.

[0040] In the embodiment, the sectional key smoke exhaust system of the highway tunnel further comprises a plurality of fire detectors arranged in the tunnel in the longitudinal direction and a plurality of reversible jet fans; the fire detectors, the jet fans, the smoke exhaust units 4 and the end smoke exhaust machine rooms 1 are connected with the control center. Embodiment

[0041] A method for smoke exhaust by using the sectional key smoke exhaust system of the highway tunnel according to the embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:

[0042] Step one, when the fire detector in the tunnel detects a fire, the position information of the fire source and the fire disaster information are sent to the control center;

[0043] Step two, according to the position of the fire source, only the two groups of smoke exhaust units 4 adjacent to the downstream of the fire source are opened, and the jet fans above the fire source are opened at the same time, so that the upstream jet fans blow air towards the direction of the fire source position, forming a certain longitudinal ventilation speed; the fans in the end smoke exhaust machine rooms 1 at both ends of the smoke flue 3 are opened, and the fire smoke is controlled in the section between the fire point and the opened smoke exhaust units 4 by the suction force of the smoke flue 3, the smoke outlet 5 and the longitudinal thrust of the jet fans;

[0044] Step three, the smoke in the tunnel enters the smoke flue 3 arranged along the length direction of the tunnel through the smoke outlet 5, and then further enters the end smoke exhaust machine rooms 1 at both ends through the smoke flue 3, and finally is exhausted to the external environment.

[0045] While embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the embodiments described are merely exemplary of the principles and application of the present application. Numerous modifications and adaptions can be effected without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, which is not limited to the exact construction and arrangement described. It is intended, therefore, to cover all modifications and adaptions that fall within the scope of the claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A section-type focused smoke exhaust system for an extra-long highway tunnel, characterized by: The invention comprises a smoke exhaust duct (3) arranged along the length direction of the tunnel, wherein the smoke exhaust duct (3) is separated from the tunnel by a smoke duct plate (7); end smoke exhaust machine rooms (1) arranged at both ends of the smoke exhaust duct (3); and a plurality of groups of normally closed smoke exhaust units (4) arranged at intervals below the smoke exhaust duct (3); the two end smoke exhaust machine rooms (1) are connected to the smoke exhaust duct (3); The number of smoke exhaust ports (5) in each group of the smoke exhaust units (4) is 3-5, and the area of ​​the smoke exhaust ports (5) is 5-10m 2 ; The distance between two adjacent groups of the smoke exhaust units (4) is 200-1000m; The smoke exhaust ports (5) are arranged in sequence along the length direction of the tunnel, and the distance between two adjacent smoke exhaust ports (5) in the same group is 80-120 cm; A smoke baffle (9) is provided below the smoke outlet (5), and a supporting mechanism (6) is provided around the smoke baffle (9); the smoke baffle (9) is connected to the flue plate (7) via a chain (8); when the smoke outlet is instructed to open, the supporting mechanism below the smoke outlet (5) slides outward, and the smoke baffle (9) naturally falls, and the falling height is H; The length of H is 40-60 cm.

2. The section-type focused smoke exhaust system for an extra-long highway tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The supporting mechanism (6) comprises a motor and a supporting block, wherein the motor is fixedly connected to the flue plate (7), and the supporting block is fixedly connected to the motor; the supporting block is a slidable component driven by the motor, and when the smoke exhaust port (5) is in a closed state, the supporting block presses the smoke baffle (9) inward under the action of the motor, so that the smoke baffle (9) and the smoke exhaust port (5) are in a sealed state.

3. The section-type focused smoke exhaust system for an extra-long highway tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: Two adjacent groups of smoke exhaust units (4) form a smoke exhaust section.

4. The section-type focused smoke exhaust system for an extra-long highway tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The invention also includes a plurality of fire detectors and a plurality of bidirectional and reversible rotating jet fans arranged longitudinally inside the tunnel; the fire detectors, the jet fans, the smoke exhaust unit (4) and the end smoke exhaust room (1) are all connected to a control center.

5. A method for exhausting smoke using the section-type focused smoke exhaust system for an extra-long highway tunnel according to claim 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: When a fire detector in the tunnel detects a fire, it sends the location of the fire source and the fire disaster information to the control center; Step 2: According to the location of the fire source, only a number of smoke exhaust units (4) downstream of the fire source are opened, and at the same time, the jet fan above the fire source is opened, so that the upstream jet fan sends air toward the location of the fire source, forming a certain longitudinal ventilation wind speed; the fans in the end smoke exhaust machine room (1) at both ends of the smoke exhaust duct (3) are opened, and the fire smoke is controlled in the section between the fire point and the opened smoke exhaust unit (4) through the suction force of the smoke exhaust duct (3) and the smoke exhaust port (5) and the longitudinal thrust of the jet fan; Step 3: The smoke in the tunnel enters the smoke exhaust duct (3) arranged along the length of the tunnel through the smoke exhaust port (5), and then further enters the end smoke exhaust machine room (1) at both ends through the smoke exhaust duct (3), and is finally discharged to the external environment.

6. The smoke exhaust method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The number of smoke exhaust units (4) opened in step 2 is 2-4 groups.

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