Plow-type anti-freezing heaving heat accumulation device and its roadbed

Abstract

The present invention provides a plow-type anti-freezing heath accumulation device and its roadbed, which relates to the technical field of engineering construction in seasonal frozen soil areas. The plow-type anti-freezing heath accumulation device is applied to the roadbed. The device includes a heat collection plate and a heat accumulation pipe. The heat collection plate is used to be installed on one side of the roadbed main body. The heat collection plate includes a super heat conduction plate. The heat accumulation pipe includes a heat absorption section and a heat release section that are connected to each other. Among them, the heat absorption section includes a heat absorption unit and a heat absorption transmission unit. The heat absorption transmission unit is lapped with the super heat conduction plate. The heat release section is used to be inserted into the roadbed main body. The super heat conduction plate is used to absorb solar energy and transfer heat to the heat absorption section. The heat absorption section is used to transfer the absorbed heat to the heat release section. The heat release section is used to heat the roadbed main body. This device can utilize solar energy and convert it into heat energy to be transferred to the roadbed main body. By evenly heating the roadbed main body and focusing on freeze-thaw regulation of the easily frost-heaving parts of the roadbed main body, it can effectively avoid engineering diseases such as frost heaving and uneven undulation of the roadbed main body in seasonal frozen soil areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of engineering construction in seasonally frozen soil regions, and more specifically, to a plow-type anti-freezing heaving and heat-collecting device and its subgrade. Background Technique

[0002] The Xining-Golmud section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway is located in the northeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The railway line passes through the coastal plain, alluvial plain, and ice plateau on the north bank of Qinghai Lake, with an average altitude of 3,220 m, an average annual precipitation of 376 mm, uneven precipitation distribution, most of which is concentrated in July-September, an average annual temperature of -0.6 °C, and an average temperature of -20.6 °C in the coldest month of January. The Xining-Golmud section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has a cold climate, strong freezing ability, a relatively large freezing depth, and the maximum freezing depth can reach 1.8 m, belonging to a typical deep seasonally frozen soil area. As a result, engineering diseases such as subgrade frost heaving and thaw settlement caused by freezing and thawing are relatively serious.

[0003] In recent years, due to the continuous increase in rainfall in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the enrichment of groundwater and the rise of the groundwater level have occurred. Coupled with the intensification of climate environmental changes, the freeze-thaw engineering diseases in this type of area have further increased, posing an important impact on the long-term stability of the subgrade. Although some research has been carried out on subgrade diseases under the action of engineering in seasonally frozen soil regions in the past, the research mainly focuses on highway engineering or the problems of subgrade micro-frost heaving engineering effects and influences under the working conditions of high-speed railways in Northeast and Northwest regions. However, there is still a lack of research on the development characteristics and distribution laws of freeze-thaw engineering diseases under special conditions such as high water level, coarse fillers, and strong freeze-thaw in the Xining-Golmud section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway. The methods such as coarse-grained replacement, chemical grouting, and waterproof curtains used in conventional areas are difficult to meet the actual engineering needs in this type of area due to engineering condition restrictions such as the normal operation of trains and the inability to interrupt construction, as well as the strong freeze-thaw action of the soil body, resulting in cracking of the treated parts and extremely difficult overall closure of the lower part of the subgrade. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The objectives of the present invention include providing a plow-type anti-freezing heaving and heat-collecting device and its subgrade, which can utilize solar energy and convert it into heat energy to be transmitted to the main body of the subgrade. By evenly heating the main body of the subgrade and focusing on freeze-thaw regulation of the easily frost-heaving parts of the main body of the subgrade, it can effectively avoid the occurrence of engineering diseases such as frost heaving and uneven undulation of the main body of the subgrade in seasonally frozen soil regions.

[0005] Embodiments of the present invention can be implemented as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a plow-type anti-freezing heaving and heat-collecting device, which is applied to a subgrade. The plow-type anti-freezing heaving and heat-collecting device includes:

[0007] A heat collection plate, which is used to be installed on one side of the main body of the subgrade. The heat collection plate includes a protection bottom plate and a super heat conduction plate installed on the protection bottom plate;

[0008] The heat collecting pipe includes a heat absorption section and a heat release section that are interconnected. Among them, the heat absorption section includes a heat absorption unit and a heat absorption transmission unit. The heat absorption transmission unit is lapped with the super heat conducting plate and fixed by a U-shaped fixing clamp. The heat release section is used to be inserted into the main body of the roadbed. The super heat conducting plate is used to absorb solar energy and transfer heat to the heat absorption section to heat the heat absorption section. The heat absorption section is used to transfer the absorbed heat to the heat release section, and the heat release section is used to heat the main body of the roadbed.

[0009] In an optional embodiment, the heat collecting plate further includes:

[0010] A heat absorption coating, covering the upper surfaces of the protection bottom plate and the super heat conducting plate.

[0011] In an optional embodiment, the heat collecting plate further includes:

[0012] A hollow light-transmitting plate, installed above the protection bottom plate and the super heat conducting plate. The inside of the hollow light-transmitting plate is filled with heat-insulating gas, and the distance between the hollow light-transmitting plate and the super heat conducting plate is greater than 20 mm.

[0013] In an optional embodiment, the heat collecting plate further includes:

[0014] A heat insulation plate, located between the protection bottom plate and the super heat conducting plate and on both sides of the super heat conducting plate.

[0015] In an optional embodiment, the heat collecting plate further includes:

[0016] A frame, located outside the protection bottom plate and the super heat conducting plate, serving to fix and seal the entire heat collecting plate;

[0017] A light-shielding plate, located at the top of the frame. The light-shielding plate is used to simultaneously meet the requirements of maximizing the heat collection efficiency of the heat collecting plate in winter and reducing the heating effect of solar radiation on the heat collecting plate in summer.

[0018] In an optional embodiment, the heat release section is a circular pipe, the heat absorption unit is a metal pipe with a square or rectangular cross-section, and the heat absorption transmission unit is a circular metal pipe.

[0019] In an optional embodiment, the angle d formed by the back surface of the heat collecting plate and the horizontal plane is 45 to 90°.

[0020] In an optional embodiment, the angle a formed by the axis of the heat absorption transmission unit and the axis of the heat absorption unit is equal to the angle d formed by the back surface of the heat collecting plate and the horizontal plane.

[0021] In an optional embodiment, a U-shaped cut is provided at the bottom of the metal pipe wall of the heat absorption transmission unit, a working medium reflux extension piece is provided in the middle of the U-shaped cut, and the heat absorption unit is connected to the U-shaped cut.

[0022] Second aspect, the present invention provides a plow - type anti - frost - heaving heat - collecting roadbed. The plow - type anti - frost - heaving heat - collecting roadbed includes a roadbed main body, a heat - insulating material, and the plow - type anti - frost - heaving heat - collecting device of the foregoing embodiment. Among them, the roadbed main body includes an embankment and a ballast layer laid on the embankment;

[0023] The heat - insulating material is arranged on a part of the top surface and the slope surface of the embankment, and the heat - releasing section is inserted into the roadbed main body.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the plow - type anti - frost - heaving heat - collecting device and its roadbed provided by the embodiments of the present invention include:

[0025] The super - heat - conducting plate of the heat - collecting plate is used to absorb solar energy and transfer heat to the heat - absorbing section of the heat - collecting pipe to heat the heat - absorbing section. The heat - absorbing section transfers the absorbed heat to the heat - releasing section of the heat - collecting pipe, and the heat - releasing section heats the roadbed main body, realizing uniform heating of the roadbed main body and key freeze - thaw regulation of the easily frost - heaving parts of the roadbed main body, effectively avoiding engineering diseases such as frost heaving and uneven undulation of the roadbed main body in the seasonal frozen soil area. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, so they should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other related drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic front - view structure diagram of the overall plow - type anti - frost - heaving heat - collecting roadbed provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic top - view structure diagram of the overall plow - type anti - frost - heaving heat - collecting roadbed provided by the embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 It is an enlarged partial front - view of the heat - absorbing section;

[0030] Figure 4 It is an enlarged partial right - view of the heat - absorbing section;

[0031] Figure 5 For Figure 3 The internal bottom profile top - view schematic diagram of the heat - absorbing transmission unit in

[0032] Figure 6 For Figure 3 The three - dimensional schematic diagram of the internal bottom of the heat - absorbing transmission unit in

[0033] Figure 7 It is a schematic cross - sectional structure diagram when the heat - collecting plate is placed vertically;

[0034] Figure 8It is a top view schematic diagram of the heat collection plate;

[0035] Figure 9 It is a longitudinal sectional structure schematic diagram of the heat collection plate along the super heat conduction plate;

[0036] Figure 10 It is a combined front view of the heat absorption section;

[0037] Figure 11 It is a combined right view of one side of the heat absorption section;

[0038] Figure 12 It is a three - dimensional schematic diagram of the combined heat absorption section;

[0039] Figure 13 It is a schematic diagram of the simulated ground temperature field on January 15th of the winter in the year after the heat - collecting pipes are arranged.

[0040] Icon: 1 - Plow - type anti - frost - heaving heat - collecting roadbed; 2 - Roadbed main body; 21 - Ballast layer; 22 - Embankment; 3 - Plow - type anti - frost - heaving heat - collecting device; 4 - Heat - collecting pipe; 5 - Heat - releasing section; 6 - Insulating section; 7 - Heat - absorption section; 71 - Heat - absorption unit; 711 - Metal pipe wall; 712 - U - shaped notch; 713 - Working fluid reflux extension piece; 72 - Heat - absorption transmission unit; 8 - Heat collection plate; 81 - Hollow light - transmitting plate; 82 - Heat - absorbing coating; 83 - Super heat - conduction plate; 831 - Heat - releasing end; 84 - Thermal insulation board; 85 - Protection bottom plate; 86 - Frame; 87 - Light - shielding board; 9 - Thermal insulation material; 10 - U - shaped fixing clamp. Specific implementation manners

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Usually, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and illustrated in the accompanying drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0042] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed present invention, but merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0043] It should be noted that: similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings. Therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0044] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that if terms such as "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", etc. are used to indicate the orientation or positional relationship, it is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is usually placed during use. This is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0045] In addition, if terms such as "first", "second", etc. are only used for differential description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0046] It should be noted that, without conflict, the features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0047] The embodiments of the present invention are precisely proposed for the key scientific and technological problems in subgrade frost heaving. Starting from the "subgrade temperature" among the three essential elements of "water, soil, and temperature" that cause subgrade frost heaving, the device provided by the embodiments of the present invention is used to control the temperature and prevent and control subgrade frost heaving.

[0048] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 , this embodiment provides a plow-type anti-frost heaving heat-collecting subgrade 1. The plow-type anti-frost heaving heat-collecting subgrade 1 includes a subgrade main body 2, a heat-insulating material 9, and a plow-type anti-frost heaving heat-collecting device 3. Among them, the subgrade main body 2 includes an embankment 22 and a ballast layer 21 laid on the embankment 22. The plow-type anti-frost heaving heat-collecting device 3 includes a heat-collecting pipe 4, a heat-collecting plate 8, and a U-shaped fixing clip 10 (please refer to Figure 10 ).

[0049] The heat-insulating material 9 is arranged on a part of the top surface and the slope surface of the embankment 22. The heat-insulating material 9 can be selected from one or more combinations of ethylene foam plastic and XPS board, and the thickness can be 10 cm. The heat-insulating material 9 can be shallowly buried 10 cm below the road shoulder, so as to reduce the heat loss of the embankment 22 and effectively ensure the retention of heat inside the subgrade during the day-night change.

[0050] The heat-collecting pipe 4 includes a heat-absorbing section 7, a heat-insulating section 6, and a heat-releasing section 5 that are connected in sequence. Among them, the heat-absorbing section 7 is lapped with the heat-collecting plate 8 and fixed by the U-shaped fixing clip 10, that is, the heat-absorbing section 7 and the heat-collecting plate 8 are clamped together by the U-shaped fixing clip 10. The heat-releasing section 5 is used to insert into the subgrade main body 2, and the heat-collecting plate 8 is used to absorb solar energy and transfer heat to the heat-absorbing section 7 to heat the heat-absorbing section 7. The heat-absorbing section 7 is used to transfer the absorbed heat to the heat-releasing section 5, and the heat-releasing section 5 is used to heat the subgrade main body 2, so that the subgrade main body 2 is always in net heat absorption and the internal heat accumulates continuously, realizing uniform and flat heating of the subgrade main body 2, thereby achieving the purpose of generating engineering diseases such as frost heaving and uneven undulation of the subgrade main body 2 in the seasonal frozen soil area.

[0051] Among them, the heat - releasing section 5 of the heat - collecting pipe 4 is inserted vertically into the embankment 22 along the direction of the embankment 22, and the spacing of the heat - collecting pipe 4 inside the embankment 22 along the direction of the embankment 22 is 2 - 4 m.

[0052] The heat - collecting pipe 4 is a special - shaped heat pipe, and its material is a vacuum metal round pipe. Its interior is filled with a working medium, which can be alcohols, liquid ammonia, etc. And a wick is integrally arranged along the longitudinal direction on the inner periphery of the heat - collecting pipe 4, which can promote the reflux and evaporation of the working medium; the diameter of the heat - collecting pipe 4 is 6 - 10 cm.

[0053] The height difference between the axes of the heat - releasing section 5 and the heat - absorbing section 7 of the heat - collecting pipe 4 is 0 - 50 cm, that is, the axis of the heat - releasing section 5 is 0 - 50 cm higher than the axis of the heat - absorbing section 7. The height difference is determined according to the height of the main body 2 of the roadbed, that is, the higher the height of the main body 2 of the roadbed, the greater the height difference. And the heat - releasing section 5 and the heat - absorbing section 7 are connected by an adiabatic section 6, and the length of the adiabatic section 6 is related to the height difference. The axes of the heat - releasing section 5 and the heat - absorbing section 7 can be parallel or not parallel; in the direction formed by the heat - collecting pipe 4 from the heat - absorbing section 7 to the heat - releasing section 5, the elevation angles formed by the axes of the heat - absorbing section 7 and the heat - releasing section 5 with the horizontal plane are 0 - 5°.

[0054] The angle d formed between the back surface of the heat - collecting plate 8 and the horizontal plane is 45 - 90°, and the best is 70 - 80°. This design fully considers the utilization of the change of the solar altitude angle in winter and warm seasons, that is, using the angle formed by the sun and the horizontal plane, that is, the solar altitude angle, which is small in winter and large in warm seasons. The angle d between the heat - collecting plate 8 in this embodiment and the horizontal plane is set to 70 - 80°. Thus, in winter, the sun is close to perpendicular to the heat - collecting plate 8, while in the warm season, the angle is very small and close to parallel. Thus, the different heat - absorbing conditions of the heat - collecting plate 8 in winter and warm seasons are changed, the different heat - absorbing efficiencies in winter and warm seasons are changed by itself, and such problems are solved. At the same time, in this embodiment, by setting a solar shading plate on the heat - collecting plate 8, the heating effect of the sun on the heat - collecting plate 8 in the warm season is further reduced, while the irradiation and heating of the sun in winter are not affected. The effective solution of this problem is further improved. Therefore, this design simultaneously meets the requirements of maximizing the heat - collecting efficiency in winter and reducing the solar radiation entering the heat - collecting plate 8 in summer.

[0055] Among them, the width of the heat - collecting plate 8 is 10 - 20 cm, and the length is 90 - 150 cm. The heat - collecting area formed thereby is also about 70% - 100% of the length of the heat - releasing section 5 of the heat - collecting pipe 4. The heat - collecting area formed thereby is relatively moderate for the heat - collecting pipe 4, and the heat - collecting efficiency of the heat - collecting plate 8 is matched with the heat - releasing efficiency of the heat - releasing section 5, which will not cause the heat - releasing capacity of the heat - releasing section 5 to be not fully exerted, nor will it cause the heat - collecting area of the heat - collecting plate 8 to be too large and waste costs.

[0056] Please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4, the heat absorption section 7 of the heat collection pipe 4 includes a plurality of heat absorption units 71 and a heat absorption transmission unit 72. The heat absorption transmission unit 72 is a circular metal pipe, and the cross-section of the heat absorption unit 71 is square or rectangular. The heat absorption transmission unit 72 is integrally welded to the outer shell of the heat absorption unit 71 and is completely connected internally. In this way, the heat absorption section 7 is more convenient to overlap with the ultra heat conduction plate 83, and has a larger contact area and a higher heat transfer efficiency.

[0057] The length of the heat absorption section 7 of the heat collection pipe 4 is basically set to be 20% - 30% of the length of the entire heat collection pipe 4, and the filling amount of the internal working fluid filled in the heat collection pipe 4 is controlled by the total volume inside the heat absorption unit 71, and the filling ratio is 80% - 100% of the total volume inside the heat absorption unit 71. The internal working fluid is alcohols, liquid ammonia, etc.

[0058] The distance b between the heat absorption units 71 is 20 - 30 cm, so as to satisfy that the front heat collection plate 8 does not cause sunlight shielding and radiation effects on the rear heat collection plate 8 under the winter sun irradiation conditions. The extended length c of the heat absorption unit 71 is 10 - 20 cm. The angle a formed by the axis of the heat absorption transmission unit 72 and the heat absorption unit 71 is equal to the angle d formed by the back of the heat collection plate 8 and the horizontal plane, and the angle range is 45 - 90°, and the best is 70 - 80°.

[0059] Due to the implementation position of the shaded slope of the roadbed main body 2 and the setting of the orientation of the heat collection pipe 4, the angle a between the heat absorption transmission unit 72 and the heat absorption unit 71 is an acute angle, and the liquid reflux working fluid and the vaporized gaseous rising working fluid converge and intersect at this part, which will cause mutual interference and obstruction between the two and will affect the overall working fluid efficiency. Therefore, further design is carried out on the inside where the heat absorption transmission unit 72 intersects with the heat absorption unit 71. Please refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6 , at the bottom of the metal pipe wall 711 of the heat absorption transmission unit 72, there is a U-shaped cut 712, and the working fluid reflux extension piece 713 is located in the middle of the U-shaped cut 712. This design can ensure that the liquid reflux working fluid enters the heat absorption unit 71 through the working fluid reflux extension piece 713 at a position far from the acute angle, while the vaporized gaseous rising working fluid enters the heat absorption transmission unit 72 through both sides of the working fluid reflux extension piece 713, so as to achieve the purpose of separating the liquid reflux working fluid and the vaporized gaseous rising working fluid from each other and being independent of each other, thereby ensuring the improvement of the overall working fluid efficiency.

[0060] Please refer to Figures 7 - 9 , the heat collection plate 8 includes a frame 86 and a hollow light-transmitting plate 81, a heat absorption coating 82, an ultra heat conduction plate 83, a heat insulation plate 84, and a protection bottom plate 85 that are arranged in the frame 86 from top to bottom in sequence. The heat collection plate 8 also includes a light shielding plate 87, and the light shielding plate 87 is connected to the top of the frame 86 and is located above the hollow light-transmitting plate 81.

[0061] The hollow light-transmitting plate 81 is a sunlight plate material with good light-gathering performance and excellent heat-insulating performance. It is mainly used to collect and transmit sunlight, and has a heat-insulating effect on the heat-collecting plate 8, improving its heat-collecting efficiency. The interior of the hollow light-transmitting plate 81 is filled with a heat-insulating gas. The distance between the hollow light-transmitting plate 81 and the ultra-high heat-conducting plate 83 should be greater than 20 mm. In this way, due to the good light-transmitting property of the hollow light-transmitting plate 81, it will not reduce the sunlight absorption efficiency of the heat-collecting plate 8. Thus, because of the light-transmitting property of the hollow light-transmitting plate 81, it will not reduce the sunlight absorption efficiency of the heat-collecting plate 8. Moreover, when there is no sunlight irradiating the heat-collecting plate 8 at night, the hollow light-transmitting plate 81 has a certain heat-insulating effect because its interior is filled with a heat-insulating gas, and can reduce the heat loss of the heat-collecting plate 8 at night.

[0062] The heat-absorbing coating 82 is composed of a heat-absorbing paint with a solar absorptance higher than 90%, excellent heat resistance and aging resistance. It is mainly used to absorb solar radiant energy and increase the heat-collecting temperature of the heat-collecting plate 8. In this way, the heat-absorbing coating 82 can increase the sunlight absorption rate of the heat-collecting plate 8 and improve the heating efficiency of the heat-collecting plate 8 for the heat-absorbing section 7.

[0063] The ultra-high heat-conducting plate 83 is an ultra-thin (with a thickness less than 0.5 cm) heat pipe array high-efficiency heat-conducting plate, also known as a micro heat pipe array. It has the functions of ordinary heat pipes and has a certain flexibility, and can be bent arbitrarily within a certain range, with more excellent performance. The heat-releasing end 831 of the ultra-high heat-conducting plate 83 extends 10 - 20 cm outward relative to the frame 86, and is the same width as the heat-absorbing unit 71 of the heat-absorbing section 7 of the poly heat pipe 4, so as to facilitate lapping with the heat-absorbing unit 71. It is mainly used to transfer the heat of the heat-collecting plate 8 to the poly heat pipe 4.

[0064] The heat-insulating plate 84 can be selected from one or more of ethylene foam plastics and XPS boards, with a thickness of 1 - 2 cm. Its performance requirements are that it can withstand high temperatures (higher than 100 °C), is not easy to volatilize, and has good thermal stability. It can reduce the heat conduction loss of the heat-collecting plate 8, thereby increasing the heat-collecting temperature and heat-collecting efficiency of the heat-collecting plate 8.

[0065] The protective bottom plate 85 is made of a material with superior low-radiation and rust-proof performance, such as aluminum, copper, and stainless steel, etc. It mainly serves as the carrier of the heat-absorbing coating 82 and plays a role in protecting the entire heat-collecting plate 8.

[0066] The frame 86 is also required to be made of a material with superior low-radiation and rust-proof performance, such as aluminum, copper, and stainless steel, etc. It mainly plays a role in fixing the hollow light-transmitting plate 81 and protecting the entire heat-collecting plate 8.

[0067] The light-shielding plate 87 requires a material with poor thermal conductivity and good weather resistance. Its installation angle should be the solar altitude angle at noon in winter in the local area, which can ensure that the entire heat collection plate 8 can absorb solar radiation to the greatest extent and achieve the best heat collection efficiency of the heat collection plate 8. The height of the light-shielding plate 87 should be such that it can completely block the solar radiation at noon in summer, which can minimize the heating effect of solar radiation on the heat collection plate 8 in the warm season.

[0068] Please refer to Figures 10 - 12 , the combination form of the heat absorption section 7 of the heat pipe 4 and the heat collection plate 8 is as follows:

[0069] The heat release end 831 of the super heat-conducting plate 83 of the heat collection plate 8 overlaps with the left and right side surfaces of the heat absorption unit 71 of the heat absorption section 7 of the heat pipe 4, and the heat absorption unit 71 and the heat release end 831 of the super heat-conducting plate 83 are fixed by a U-shaped fixing clip 10. At the same time, the entire heat absorption section 7 of the heat pipe 4 and the heat release end 831 of the super heat-conducting plate 83 overlapping with the heat absorption unit 71 are wrapped with heat-insulating materials to reduce heat loss.

[0070] Among them, along the longitudinal section of the heat collection plate 8, the angle e between the axis of the heat collection plate 8 and the horizontal plane is 0 to 10°, to meet the working requirements of the gravity heat pipe.

[0071] The working principle of the plow-type anti-freezing and heat-collecting device and its roadbed provided by the embodiment of the present invention: When the cold season comes, during the day when there is sunlight, the sunlight enters the heat collection plate 8, passes through the hollow light-transmitting plate 81, and is absorbed by the heat absorption coating 82, causing the heat in the heat collection plate 8 to accumulate and the temperature to rise. As the surface and internal temperature of the super heat-conducting plate 83 increase, the working fluid in the super heat-conducting plate 83 vaporizes and absorbs heat. Under the action of temperature difference and pressure difference, the gaseous working fluid continuously condenses and releases heat at the super heat-conducting plate 83 and the heat absorption unit 71 of the heat absorption section 7 of the heat pipe 4. Then, the liquid working fluid in the super heat-conducting plate 83 returns to the bottom of the super heat-conducting plate 83 under the action of capillary force and gravity, repeating the above process. The heat absorption section 7 of the heat pipe 4 absorbs the heat transferred from the super heat-conducting plate 83, and the working fluid in the heat absorption section 7 of the heat pipe 4 quickly vaporizes. Under the action of temperature difference and pressure difference, the gaseous working fluid in the heat pipe 4 rises to the heat release section 5 of the heat pipe 4 and condenses and releases heat at the heat release section 5 of the heat pipe 4, and at the same time is converted into a liquid working fluid, thereby transferring the heat to the embankment 22 and the ballast layer 21, so that the heat inside the embankment 22 and the ballast layer 21 continuously accumulates, achieving the purpose of preventing frost heave diseases. When there is no solar energy at night, the heat collection plate 8 stops working. The existence of the internal air layer in the hollow light-transmitting plate 81 and the internal air layer between the hollow light-transmitting plate 81 and the super heat-conducting plate 83 have a certain heat preservation effect, which can reduce the heat loss of the heat collection plate 8 on cold nights.

[0072] Installation process of the plow-shaped anti-freezing and heat-gathering device 3 provided by the embodiment of the present invention: First, insert the heat-releasing section 5 of the heat-gathering pipe 4 into the roadbed main body 2, and the heat-absorbing section 7 of the heat-gathering pipe 4 is located on the slope surface of the embankment 22. Lap the heat-releasing end 831 of the super heat-conducting plate 83 of the heat-gathering plate 8 with the heat-absorbing unit 71 of the heat-absorbing section 7 of the heat-gathering pipe 4, and fix it with the U-shaped fixing clip 10, that is, the heat-gathering plate 8 is fixed parallel to the embankment 22. Finally, lay the heat-insulating material 9 on the road shoulder and the slope surface.

[0073] To verify the regulation efficiency of the heating and temperature-increasing anti-freezing device and its roadbed provided by the embodiment of the present invention, combined with the on-site geological conditions of the Qinghai Lake section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, numerical simulation calculations under engineering measures are carried out.

[0074] Example: On the slope surface of the shady slope side of the roadbed of the Qinghai Lake section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway with the ballast layer 21 having a height of 1.3 m, the embankment 22 having a height of 1.8 m, and a top width of 12 m, the heat-gathering pipe 4 is inserted horizontally into the roadbed main body 2. The heat-releasing section 5 of the heat-gathering pipe 4 is 7 m long and is all inserted into the embankment 22, and the heat-absorbing section 7 of the heat-gathering pipe 4 is 3 m long. The heat-insulating material 9 with a thickness of 0.1 m is laid on the road shoulder and the slope surface. In the heating system setting, the heat transfer amount of the heat-gathering pipe 4 is loaded in the form of linear heat flux, and the heat convection coefficient is calculated by taking 1 / 3 of that of an ordinary heat pipe.

[0075] Under this working condition, on October 25th, the surface layer of the roadbed of the Qinghai Lake section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway has started to freeze. At this time, the heat-gathering pipe 4 starts to work. On January 15th of that winter, the simulated calculated ground temperature map of the area where the heat-gathering pipe 4 is arranged is as Figure 13 shown. It can be seen that: (1) From the perspective of the ground temperature value, the ground temperature in most areas of the roadbed main body 2 is in a positive temperature state. On the shady slope side of the roadbed main body 2, most of the ballast layer 21 and the embankment 22 are basically in relatively high areas. The frost depth at the toe of the embankment 22 on the sunny slope side of the roadbed main body 2 is relatively large. However, overall, the heat heated on the shady slope side is transferred to the sunny slope side, improving the overall temperature on the sunny slope side. For the road surface, there is basically no moisture in the ballast layer 21, and the existence of negative temperature will not cause frost heave. Therefore, this measure can completely eliminate the influence of frost heave on the roadbed main body 2; (2) In terms of the morphological characteristics of the ground temperature field, the ground temperature isotherms as a whole show a horizontal and parallel morphological characteristic. In particular, the 0°C isotherm is distributed flat, that is, the frozen area and the positive temperature area are parallel to each other. Among them, there is only a small amount of frozen area in the upper part of the roadbed main body 2, showing a thin layer line distribution, and it is evenly and symmetrically distributed, which can effectively solve the difficult problems of frozen soil engineering.

[0076] Compared with the existing engineering technologies, the plow-shaped anti-freezing and heat-gathering device and its roadbed provided by the present invention can be reflected in the following aspects of innovation and advancement at least in the embodiments of the present invention:

[0077] 1. Solve the problems of heat collection and heat exchange under the condition of limited height near the ground surface. Existing railway embankments with frost heaving diseases often have relatively low heights, and the available space is very limited, which restricts the application of existing heat collection and heat exchange technologies. Through the special structural design of this embodiment, by designing and using a large number of small heat collection plates 8 arranged side by side, the height of the heat collection unit is greatly reduced, and at the same time, the special problems faced by this embodiment are effectively solved;

[0078] 2. Effectively solve the problems of long-life, high-stability heat collection and heat concentration. Existing heat collection methods such as glass tubes and heat collection headers in this field are difficult to solve. Not only are the power-free conditions difficult to meet, but also in the face of the requirements and conditions of railway engineering with a working life of more than 10 years, strong ultraviolet rays and strong sandstorms in the wild, especially unattended conditions, very thin shell vacuum glass tubes are easily damaged under conditions such as sandstorms and flying stones driven by trains. A series of problems such as the aging and sealing problems of the dense components of the heat collection header during long-term operation, and the boiling of working fluids such as antifreeze inside under strong solar radiation in the warm season, resulting in high pressure and damage to the system, all make it difficult for existing technologies to be applied and dealt with. In this embodiment, the heat collection plate 8 and the heat concentrating tube 4 have high-strength characteristics, and they can fully cope with the above key problems, and their service life exceeds 15 to 20 years in power-free, unattended, and harsh outdoor environments;

[0079] 3. Effectively comprehensively solve the prominent contradiction and problem that it is necessary to highlight and increase the heating temperature and heating power in winter, while on the contrary, it is necessary to reduce the heating temperature and power of the system as much as possible in the warm season. Another key problem that needs to be faced in the application of the technology for preventing roadbed frost heaving using heat energy is that in the warm season, with the increase of the ambient and roadbed internal temperatures, the internal temperature and working efficiency of the heat collection and heat concentration systems will also increase significantly. This will not only cause the temperature of the heat collection and heat concentration devices under vacuum and closed conditions inside to be too high, resulting in damage to the devices and systems, but also cause the increase of the roadbed internal temperature, resulting in a large amount of water loss and cracking of the roadbed internal, and other secondary engineering diseases. Facing the conditions and requirements of this problem, existing technologies are difficult to solve. This embodiment mainly fully considers the change of the solar altitude angle in winter and warm seasons, that is, using the angle formed by the sun and the horizontal plane, that is, the solar altitude angle, which is small in winter and large in warm seasons. The angle d between the back of the heat collection plate 8 of this embodiment and the horizontal plane is set to 70-80°, so that the sun is close to perpendicular to the heat collection plate in winter, while the angle is very small and close to parallel in the warm season, thereby changing the different heat absorption conditions of the heat collection plate in winter and warm seasons, automatically changing the different heat absorption efficiencies in winter and warm seasons, and solving such problems.

[0080] At the same time, in this embodiment, by setting a light-shielding plate 87 on the heat collection plate 8, the heating effect of the sun on the heat collection plate 8 in the warm season is further reduced, while the irradiation and heating of the sun in winter are not affected, further improving the effective solution of this problem.

[0081] 4. In terms of stability, the present embodiment not only increases the stability of the device as a whole in the harsh environment of strong winds in western my country by setting a low heat collecting plate 8, but also the lowering of the center of gravity contributes to the formation and increase of the overall thermal cycle thrust of the device, and ensures the smooth and efficient operation of the entire circulation and heat exchange process.

[0082] In summary, the plow-type anti-freeze heave heat-collecting device 3 and the roadbed provided in this embodiment have significant progress compared with the existing engineering technology, and realize the control of the key elements of freeze-thaw in the roadbed diseases in the seasonal frozen soil area, achieving twice the result with half the effort, and also realizing the horizontal balance and symmetrical distribution of the roadbed temperature contour lines, eliminating the difference in the thermal coupling of the roadbed, and further enhancing the stability of the roadbed mechanical field. These effectively avoid the occurrence of engineering diseases such as uneven frost heave and longitudinal cracking in the roadbed, especially the wide roadbed, and ensure the long-term stability of the roadbed. Therefore, this embodiment has outstanding scientificity and advancement.

[0083] The above are only specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A plow-type anti-freezing and heat-accumulating device is applied to a roadbed, and is characterized in that, The plow-type anti-freezing and heat-gathering device includes: A heat-gathering plate (8) for being installed on one side of the roadbed main body (2). The heat-gathering plate (8) includes a protection bottom plate (85) and a super heat-conducting plate (83) installed on the protection bottom plate (85). The included angle d formed by the back surface of the heat-gathering plate (8) and the horizontal plane is 45 - 90°; A heat-gathering pipe (4) includes a heat absorption section (7) and a heat release section (5) that are communicated with each other. Among them, the heat absorption section (7) includes a heat absorption unit (71) and a heat absorption transmission unit (72). The included angle a formed by the axis of the heat absorption transmission unit (72) and the axis of the heat absorption unit (71) is equal to the included angle d formed by the back surface of the heat-gathering plate (8) and the horizontal plane. A U-shaped notch (712) is opened at the bottom of the metal pipe wall (711) of the heat absorption transmission unit (72). A working medium reflux extension piece (713) is arranged in the middle of the U-shaped notch (712). The heat absorption unit (71) is connected to the U-shaped notch (712). The heat release section (5) is used for being inserted into the roadbed main body (2). The super heat-conducting plate (83) is used for absorbing solar energy and transferring heat to the heat absorption section (7) to heat the heat absorption section (7). The heat absorption section (7) is used for transferring the absorbed heat to the heat release section (5). The heat release section (5) is used for heating the roadbed main body (2); The heat-gathering plate (8) further includes a frame (86). The frame (86) is located outside the protection bottom plate (85) and the super heat-conducting plate (83), and functions to fix and seal the entire heat-gathering plate (8). The heat release end (831) of the super heat-conducting plate (83) extends outwards by 10 - 20 cm relative to the frame (86), which is consistent with the width of the heat absorption unit (71) of the heat absorption section (7) for facilitating lapping with the heat absorption unit (71). The heat release end (831) of the super heat-conducting plate (83) laps with the left and right side surfaces of the heat absorption unit (71) of the heat absorption section (7), and the heat absorption unit (71) and the heat release end (831) of the super heat-conducting plate (83) are fixed by a U-shaped fixing clip (10).

2. The plow-type anti-freezing and heat-gathering device according to claim 1, characterized in that The heat-gathering plate (8) further includes: A heat absorption coating (82) covering the upper surfaces of the protection bottom plate (85) and the super heat-conducting plate (83).

3. The plow-type anti-freezing and heat-gathering device according to claim 1, characterized in that The heat-gathering plate (8) further includes: A hollow light-transmitting plate (81) installed above the protection bottom plate (85) and the super heat-conducting plate (83). The inside of the hollow light-transmitting plate (81) is filled with a heat-insulating gas. The distance between the hollow light-transmitting plate (81) and the super heat-conducting plate (83) is greater than 20 mm.

4. The plow-type anti-freezing and heat-gathering device according to claim 1, characterized in that The heat-gathering plate (8) further includes: A heat-insulating plate (84) located between the protection bottom plate (85) and the super heat-conducting plate (83) and on both sides of the super heat-conducting plate (83).

5. The plow-type anti-freezing and heat-accumulating device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat-gathering plate (8) further includes: The light-shielding plate (87) is located at the top of the frame (86), and the light-shielding plate (87) is used to simultaneously meet the requirements of maximizing the heat collection efficiency of the heat collection plate (8) in winter and reducing the heating effect of summer solar radiation on the heat collection plate (8).

6. The plow-type anti-freezing and heat-gathering device according to claim 1, characterized in that The heat release section (5) is a circular tube, the heat absorption unit (71) is a metal tube with a square or rectangular cross-section, and the heat absorption and transmission unit (72) is a circular metal tube.

7. A plow-type frost heave prevention and heat accumulation roadbed, characterized in that, The plow-type anti-freezing and heat-collecting roadbed includes a roadbed main body (2), a heat-insulating material (9), and the plow-type anti-freezing and heat-collecting device described in claim 1, wherein the roadbed main body (2) includes an embankment (22) and a ballast layer (21) laid on the embankment (22); The heat-insulating material (9) is arranged on part of the top surface and the slope surface of the embankment (22), and the heat release section (5) is inserted into the roadbed main body (2).

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