Clamping tooling

Abstract

The present invention discloses a clamping tool, comprising a clamping mechanism and a balancing mechanism arranged opposite to the clamping mechanism and cooperating with the clamping mechanism to clamp a workpiece, wherein the clamping mechanism has a clamping portion that can be opened outward and retracted inward; the balancing mechanism has a balancing component arranged opposite to the clamping portion and can move toward the clamping portion, and the balancing component is used to abut against the outer end of the workpiece when the workpiece is placed on the clamping portion to prevent the workpiece from deviating from the clamping center line. Compared with the existing clamping method, the present invention can position and support the workpiece in the Z-axis direction, realize four-axis support and clamping of the workpiece, and the clamping is more stable.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of mechanical processing clamping, in particular to a clamping tool. Background Art

[0002] When machining a workpiece shell, it is usually necessary to clamp or support the workpiece in place by a fixture to facilitate machining.

[0003] At present, most of the workpieces are clamped and positioned using four-jaw or multi-jaw chucks or claws. However, when the chuck or claw is clamping or supporting the workpiece, it can only position the workpiece in the X-axis and Y-axis directions, and lacks a positioning structure in the Z-axis direction, which makes the workpiece not clamped in place, resulting in deviation in the relative position of the workpiece and the tool, affecting the processing accuracy and quality; in addition, due to mechanical vibration during the processing and the external force acting on the workpiece when the tool is cutting, the workpiece will also swing during processing, resulting in the movement trajectory of the workpiece and the tool being non-concentric, which will also affect the processing accuracy and quality.

[0004] In addition, when the existing chuck or jaws clamp the workpiece in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction, independent cylinders are usually used to drive the various claw parts of the chuck or jaws. In this way, firstly, each claw part is controlled independently, which may lead to asynchronous control, and as a result, one part of the workpiece is clamped or supported in place while the other part is not, resulting in space for the workpiece to shift, thereby causing position deviation during the processing and affecting the processing accuracy and quality. Secondly, in some processing scenarios of small workpieces, the structure of the chuck or jaws is small, and it is not realistic to set up an additional cylinder to drive the chuck or jaws, which cannot adapt to the processing of small workpieces. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, an object of the present invention is to provide a clamping tool to solve the problems in the prior art of improper clamping of the workpiece, deviation in the clamping position, and non-concentricity between the workpiece and the tool.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a clamping tool, including a clamping mechanism and a balancing mechanism arranged opposite to the clamping mechanism and cooperating with the clamping mechanism to clamp the workpiece, the clamping mechanism has a clamping part that can be opened outward and retracted inward; the balancing mechanism has a balancing component arranged opposite to the clamping part and can move toward the clamping part, and the balancing component is used to abut against the outer end of the workpiece when the workpiece is placed on the clamping part to prevent the workpiece from deviating from the clamping center line.

[0007] Furthermore, the balancing mechanism also includes a mounting support assembly for mounting the balancing assembly and a balancing drive assembly capable of driving the mounting support assembly to carry the balancing assembly toward or away from the clamping portion.

[0008] Furthermore, the balancing assembly includes a floating support head arranged on the mounting support assembly and having an axis colinear with a clamping center line of the clamping portion, and a floating pin floated on the floating support head, wherein the floating pin forms a supporting plane toward a side of the clamping portion that can resist the outer end of the workpiece.

[0009] Furthermore, a plurality of floating pins are arranged on the floating support head, and the plurality of floating pins are arranged around the center of the floating support head and are distributed at intervals on a side surface of the floating support head facing the clamping portion.

[0010] Furthermore, a floating assembly hole is formed on the floating support head at a position corresponding to the floating pin and passes through the floating support head along the moving direction of the floating pin, and the floating assembly hole has a large-diameter end closer to the clamping mechanism and a small-diameter end farther from the clamping mechanism;

[0011] The floating pin includes a spring pin floatingly inserted into the floating assembly hole, a retaining ring formed on the first protruding end of the spring pin away from the clamping part, and a set of elastic members arranged on the second protruding end of the spring pin close to the clamping part, the second protruding end is formed with a supporting part with a larger diameter, and a side surface of the supporting part close to the clamping part forms the supporting plane; one end of the elastic member is abutted or fixed to the corresponding position of the supporting part, and the other end is abutted or fixed to the corresponding position of the large aperture end.

[0012] Furthermore, the mounting support assembly includes a guide rail seat and a mounting plate slidably arranged on the guide rail seat along the moving direction of the mounting support assembly, and the floating support head is assembled on the mounting plate; a mounting hole is formed on the mounting plate at a position corresponding to the floating support head, which passes through the mounting plate along the moving direction of the mounting plate, and the floating support head is assembled in the mounting hole.

[0013] Furthermore, the balancing drive assembly includes a fixed seat, a stroke cylinder mounted on the fixed seat, and a cylinder stroke detector mounted on the stroke cylinder for limiting the stroke of the stroke cylinder in the moving direction of the balancing assembly, and the output shaft of the stroke cylinder is fixedly connected to the corresponding position of the mounting support assembly.

[0014] Furthermore, the clamping mechanism is used to clamp a workpiece having an inner cavity, and the clamping mechanism includes a mounting seat, a support seat arranged on the side of the mounting seat corresponding to the balancing mechanism and used to fix the clamping part, and a clamping drive assembly that drives the clamping part to open outward to support the inner cavity of the workpiece, and the clamping part is a support nozzle that can be positioned in accordance with the inner wall of the inner cavity of the workpiece.

[0015] Furthermore, the support mouth includes a fixed support fixed on one side of the support seat, at least two support blocks arranged on the fixed support corresponding to the side close to the balancing mechanism and capable of opening outward and returning inward, and support inserts arranged one by one at the ends of the support blocks, and the outer walls of the support inserts are combined to form a support portion that is shaped like the inner wall of the inner cavity; a first through hole with the clamping center line as the axis is formed between at least two of the support blocks, and the clamping drive assembly can extend into the first through hole to drive at least two support blocks to open outward so that the outer walls of the support inserts are pressed against the inner wall of the inner cavity.

[0016] Furthermore, the clamping drive assembly includes a pull rod movably inserted into the first through hole and a power unit fixed on the support seat and capable of driving the pull rod to reciprocate in the first through hole; the pull rod includes a rod body connected to the output shaft of the power unit and a cone formed at the end of the rod body, and the first through hole corresponds to the part of the cone to form a tapered hole adapted to the cone.

[0017] Furthermore, the clamping mechanism also includes a stroke limit assembly provided on the support seat, the stroke limit assembly including a limit column provided on the support seat, two stroke adjustment blocks which are respectively adjustable along the axial direction of the limit column at both ends of the limit column, and a limit pin which is radially penetrated on the limit column and located between the two adjustment blocks along the radial direction of the limit column; an adjustment hole which is coaxially connected with the first through hole is formed in the limit column, the end of the rod body is sequentially penetrated in the adjustment hole and the first through hole, and strip holes which are connected with the adjustment holes are respectively formed on the two side walls on the opposite sides of the limit column, and a second through hole which is adapted to the limit pin is formed at the position of the rod body corresponding to the strip hole, the limit pin passes through a strip hole, a second through hole and another strip hole in sequence, and the two ends of the limit pin extend outwardly from the strip holes at the corresponding ends, so that when the pull rod moves forward or backward in the moving direction to the position, it can drive the limit pin forward or backward to resist the stroke adjustment block on the corresponding side to limit the stroke of the pull rod.

[0018] The present invention provides a clamping portion that can be opened outward or retracted inward and a balancing component that can press the workpiece on the clamping portion against the clamping portion, so that when the balancing component presses against the workpiece along the corresponding direction, the clamping portion can press the corresponding position of the clamping portion against the workpiece by opening outward or retracting inward, thereby realizing the positioning and support of the workpiece in four directions of X-axis, Y-axis, Z-axis and α-axis, realizing four-axis clamping of the workpiece, avoiding the workpiece from being clamped in place or the deviation of the clamping position; and, the clamping portion is provided as a support mouth that conforms to the workpiece, so that a conforming positioning is formed between the clamping portion and the workpiece, which can further avoid the workpiece from being clamped in place; at the same time, after the workpiece is clamped, the balancing component continues to press against the outer end of the workpiece, which can ensure that the workpiece is stably clamped during the processing, thereby improving the processing accuracy and quality of the workpiece.

[0019] In addition, the present invention also configures the support nozzle to have an elastic structure, which can be driven to open or close by a pull rod and can automatically return to its original position based on its own elasticity when the pull rod is released from drive, so as to achieve clamping and releasing of the workpiece when the support nozzle is opened or closed and returns. The entire process only requires a cylinder connected to the pull rod to achieve drive, and there is no need to set the driving cylinder on the support nozzle, thereby simplifying the structure of the support nozzle and facilitating the clamping of small workpieces. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present application and constitute a part of the present application. The illustrative embodiments of the present application and their descriptions are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of a workpiece processed in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the clamping tool of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism.

[0024] Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the clamping mechanism.

[0025] Figure 5 Another cross-sectional view of the clamping mechanism.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the mouth support.

[0027] Figure 7 for Figure 4 Enlarged view of point A in the middle.

[0028] Figure 8 It is a structural diagram of the balancing mechanism.

[0029] Fig. 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the balancing mechanism.

[0030] Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the floating support assembly.

[0031] Fig.11 A cross-sectional view of a floating support assembly.

[0032] The accompanying drawings in the specification are numeraled as follows:

[0033] Workpiece 1, housing 11, lug 12, positioning gap 1a, inner cavity 1b, side hole 1c;

[0034] Base 2;

[0035] Clamping mechanism 3, supporting portion 3a, mounting seat 31, supporting seat 32, assembly space 32a, first supporting plate 321, second supporting plate 322, equal height column 323, supporting mouth 33, first through hole 33a, fixed support 331, supporting block 332, supporting inclined surface 332a, tapered hole 332b, supporting insert 333, positioning step 333a, first avoidance groove 333b, second avoidance groove 333c, clamping drive assembly 34, pull rod 341, second through hole 341a, rod body 3411, vertebral body 3412, power unit 342, travel limit assembly 35, limit column 351, adjustment hole 351a, strip hole 351b, travel adjustment block 352, limit pin 353, limit block 354;

[0036] Balancing mechanism 4, balancing assembly 41, floating support head 411, floating assembly hole 411a, floating pin 412, spring pin 4121, supporting portion 4121a, retaining ring 4122, elastic member 4123, shaft 413, mounting support assembly 42, guide rail seat 421, mounting plate 422, mounting hole 422a, balancing drive assembly 43, fixed seat 431, stroke cylinder 432, cylinder stroke detector 433. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The following is further described in detail through specific implementation methods:

[0038] Example

[0039] like Figure 1As shown, it is a schematic diagram of the structure of a housing 11 clamped by a clamping tool of this embodiment. In this embodiment, the workpiece 1 is taken as an example of a watch case, and the case includes a housing 11 with an annular structure and lugs 12 symmetrically arranged on two opposite sides of the housing 11 along the circumferential direction of the housing 11. Two lugs 12 are correspondingly arranged on each side of the housing 11, and a positioning gap 1a is formed between the two lugs 12 on the same side for positioning the case. The housing 11 is provided with an inner cavity 1b, and the inner cavity 1b has an irregular inner wall. The irregular inner wall specifically means that the inner wall surface is not a complete cylindrical surface, and has more or less depressions or protrusions on the inner wall; it is understandable that in some other embodiments, corresponding to different workpieces 1, the inner wall of the inner cavity 1b can also be a regular cylindrical surface or conical surface. The outer wall of the housing 11 also has a side hole 1c connected to the inner cavity 1b. In this embodiment, the side hole 1c is processed after the watch case is clamped and fixed.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, the clamping tool of this embodiment is used to clamp a workpiece 1 having an inner cavity 1b, and clamps the workpiece 1 by abutting against the inner cavity 1b of the workpiece 1, so as to facilitate processing of the workpiece 1. Of course, in some other embodiments, the clamping tool can also be used to clamp a workpiece 1 without an inner cavity 1b. In specific implementation, the clamping tool clamps the workpiece 1 by clamping the outer wall of the workpiece 1.

[0041] The clamping fixture includes a clamping mechanism 3 and a balancing mechanism 4 which is arranged opposite to the clamping mechanism 3 and cooperates with the clamping mechanism 3 to clamp the workpiece 1. In this embodiment, the clamping mechanism 3 is used to clamp the workpiece 1 having the inner cavity 1b. The clamping mechanism 3 has a clamping portion whose outer wall is shaped like the inner wall of the inner cavity 1b of the workpiece 1, and the clamping portion 3a can be opened outward and pressed against the inner wall of the inner cavity 1b to perform shaped positioning of the workpiece 1 and support it in the inner cavity 1b of the workpiece 1, so as to realize the positioning and support of the workpiece 1 in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the α-axis direction. At the same time, the clamping portion can also return inward to release the workpiece 1 after the workpiece 1 is processed, so as to facilitate The workpiece 1 is removed; the balancing mechanism 4 has a balancing component 41 that can move toward the clamping portion 3a. The balancing component 41 can abut against the outer end of the workpiece 1 when the workpiece is placed on the clamping portion 3a to press the workpiece 1 against the clamping portion 3a of the clamping mechanism 3, thereby positioning the workpiece 1 in the Z-axis direction, so that the four-axis positioning of the workpiece 1 during the clamping and processing process is achieved under the cooperation of the clamping mechanism 3 and the balancing mechanism 4, so as to prevent the workpiece 1 from deviating from the clamping center line due to improper clamping or deviation in the clamping position. In this embodiment, the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction are perpendicular to each other, the Z-axis direction is the direction of the clamping center line (i.e., the moving direction of the balancing component 41), the Y-axis direction is the direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction on the vertical projection plane, the X-axis direction is the direction perpendicular to the Z-axis direction on the horizontal projection plane, and the α-axis direction is the direction of rotation around the Z-axis direction.

[0042] It is understandable that in some other embodiments, the clamping portion 3a may also have an inner wall that is contoured to the outer wall of the workpiece 1, so as to clamp the outer wall of the workpiece 1 when the clamping portion 3a is retracted inward, thereby contouring and positioning the workpiece 1 and clamping it on the outer wall of the workpiece 1, thereby achieving positioning and support of the workpiece 1 in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the α-axis direction, and the clamping portion 3a can also return outward to release the workpiece 1 after the workpiece 1 is processed, so as to facilitate the removal of the workpiece 1.

[0043] Preferably, the clamping fixture further includes a base 2 on which the clamping mechanism 3 and the balancing mechanism 4 can be assembled. The clamping mechanism 3 and the balancing mechanism 4 are both slidably arranged on the base 2 along the Z-axis direction, so that the relative position between the clamping mechanism 3 and the balancing mechanism 4 can be adaptively adjusted according to the size of the workpiece 1; of course, according to different processing scenarios, the clamping mechanism 3 and the balancing mechanism 4 can also be fixedly assembled on the base 2, or one of the clamping mechanism 3 and the balancing mechanism 4 is slidably assembled on the base 2 and the other is fixedly assembled on the base 2. In this embodiment, the sliding arrangement of the clamping mechanism 3 and / or the balancing mechanism 4 can be achieved by the cooperation of a guide rail and a slider and driven by a cylinder, a push rod or a motor, or by the cooperation of a screw rod and a motor to achieve the sliding of the clamping mechanism 3 and / or the balancing mechanism 4.

[0044] like Figure 3 , Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the clamping mechanism 3 includes a mounting seat 31, a support seat 32 provided on one side of the mounting seat 31 corresponding to the balancing mechanism 4 and used to fix the clamping portion 3a, and a clamping drive assembly 34 for driving the clamping portion 3a to open outward to resist the inner cavity 1b of the workpiece 1. In this embodiment, the support seat 32 includes a first support plate 321 and a second support plate 322 spaced apart along the Z-axis direction and at least two equal-height columns 323 fixedly supported between the first support plate 321 and the second support plate 322, the first support plate 321 is fixedly assembled on the mounting seat 31, the clamping portion 3a is fixedly assembled on the second support plate 322, and an assembly space 32a for assembling the clamping drive assembly 34 is formed between the first support plate 321 and the second support plate 322. It is understandable that in other embodiments, the support seat 32 can also be other structures, such as a hollow box structure or a frame structure, etc., as long as there is an assembly space 32a for assembling the clamping drive assembly 34.

[0045] In this embodiment, the clamping portion 3a is a support nozzle 33 that can be positioned in a contour with the inner wall of the inner cavity 1b of the workpiece 1. The support nozzle 33 forms a support with the inner wall of the inner cavity 1b of the workpiece 1 in a contour positioning manner, which can achieve stable positioning and clamping of the workpiece 1 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction. It is understandable that in some other embodiments, when the clamping mechanism 3 clamps the workpiece 1 without the inner cavity 1b, the clamping portion 3a can also be a clamping claw, a clamping claw or other structure that can clamp the workpiece 1 inward.

[0046] like Figure 6 and Figure 7As shown, the support nozzle 33 includes a fixed support 331, at least two support blocks 332, and support inserts 333 arranged one-to-one with the support blocks 332; the fixed support 331 is fixed on one side of the support base 32, the support block 332 is arranged on the fixed support 331 and corresponds to the side close to the balancing mechanism 4, and the support inserts 333 are arranged one-to-one at the ends of each support block 332. In this embodiment, at least two support blocks 332 are surrounded to form a first through hole 33a with the clamping center line as the axis, and the first through hole 33a sequentially penetrates the fixed support 331 and the second support plate 322 along the Z-axis direction, so that the corresponding position of the clamping drive assembly 34 can extend into the first through hole 33a, thereby driving the support blocks 332 to move away from each other and open outward, driving the support inserts 333 to move outward synchronously so that the outer wall of the support inserts 333 can abut against the inner wall of the inner cavity 1b, thereby realizing the positioning of the workpiece 1 in the X-axis direction and the Y-axis direction.

[0047] In this embodiment, the support block 332 can be fixedly connected to the fixed support 331 and made of a material with a certain elasticity (such as spring steel, etc.), so that when the clamping drive assembly 34 is reset, the support block 332 can rely on its own elasticity to move inward and return to the state where each support block 332 is closed. It is understandable that in some other embodiments, the support block 332 can also be elastically connected to the fixed support 331 and made of elastic material or rigid material. In specific implementation, the elastic connection can be an elastic structure installed between the support block 332 and the fixed support 331, and the support block 332 can be restored to the closed state only after the clamping drive assembly 34 is reset. As a preferred embodiment, four support blocks 332 are provided in this embodiment, each support block 332 is roughly a quarter of a cylinder, so that the four support blocks 332 can be surrounded to form a cylindrical structure with the first through hole 33a. It is understandable that in some other embodiments, the support block 332 can also be set to other numbers, such as three, five, etc.

[0048] In order to facilitate the support block 332 to be opened outward, a support inclined surface 332a is formed on the support block 332 corresponding to the end of the first through hole 33a away from the fixed support 331, and is inclined toward the end away from the fixed support 331. After the support block 332 is closed, the support inclined surfaces 332a enclose a tapered hole 332b with a conical cross-section. The tapered hole 332b is formed at the end of the first through hole 33a away from the fixed support 331. In this embodiment, the diameter of the tapered hole 332b gradually decreases inward from the end of the first through hole 33a. When the clamping drive assembly 34 moves in the direction of the end of the first through hole 33a away from the tapered hole 332b, the corresponding position of the clamping drive assembly 34 can be supported on the support inclined surface 332a. As the clamping drive assembly 34 continues to move, the clamping drive assembly 34 can push the support block 332 to be opened outward. It is understandable that in some other embodiments, the diameter of the tapered hole 332b may also gradually increase from the end of the first through hole 33a to the inside. In this case, when the clamping drive assembly 34 drives the support block 332 to expand outward, the movement direction of the part of the clamping drive assembly 34 extending into the first through hole 33a is exactly opposite, that is, the clamping drive assembly 34 expands the support block 332 when it moves toward the direction of the first through hole 33a close to one end of the tapered hole 332b.

[0049] A positioning step 333a is protruded outwardly on the outer wall of the support insert 333 corresponding to the end away from the balancing mechanism 4, which is used to position the workpiece 1 in the Z-axis direction. Specifically, when the support insert 333 passes through the inner cavity 1b of the workpiece 1, one side of the workpiece 1 can just abut against the positioning step 333a to position and support the workpiece 1 in the Z-axis direction, thereby stably supporting the workpiece 1. In this embodiment, the step surface of the positioning step 333a is also contoured with the surface of the corresponding side of the workpiece 1 to improve the stability of the support for the workpiece 1.

[0050] In this embodiment, when the workpiece 1 is a watch case, a first avoidance groove 333b that is shaped like the watch lug 12 is formed on the outer wall of the support insert 333 at a position corresponding to the watch lug 12. At the same time, a second avoidance groove 333c is formed on the outer wall of the support insert 333 at a position corresponding to the side hole 1c. When the support insert 333 passes through the inner cavity 1b of the workpiece 1, the watch lug 12 can just enter the first avoidance groove 333b to position and support the workpiece 1 in the α-axis direction to prevent the workpiece 1 from rotating during processing. At the same time, the side hole 1c on the watch case just corresponds to the second avoidance groove 333c, so that when processing the side hole 1c, the tool can enter the corresponding first avoidance groove 333b after penetrating the watch case to avoid damage to the support insert 333.

[0051] Preferably, the support insert 333 is detachably arranged on the support block 332, so as to facilitate replacement of the support insert 333 according to the structure of the workpiece 1 and the shape of the inner cavity 1b, thereby adapting to the clamping of more types or models of workpieces 1.

[0052] Please refer back to Figure 3 and Figure 4 The clamping drive assembly 34 includes a pull rod 341 and a power unit 342. The pull rod 341 is inserted into the first through hole 33a and is connected to the output shaft of the power unit 342. The power unit 342 is assembled on the support seat 32 (specifically on the first support plate 321, and corresponds to the assembly space 32a between the first support plate 321 and the second support plate 322). The power unit 342 can drive the pull rod 341 to reciprocate in the first through hole 33a along the Z-axis direction so that the pull rod 341 drives the support block 332 to open and close. Specifically, the pull rod 341 includes a rod body 3411 and a cone 3412 formed at the end of the rod body 3411. The rod body 3411 can be a cylindrical shape that is shaped and adapted to the first through hole 33a. The rod body 3411 is inserted into the first through hole 33a, and one end of the rod body 3411 is connected to the output shaft of the power unit 342, and the other end is fixedly connected to the cone 3412. The cone 3412 is connected to the tapered hole 3412 formed at the end of the first through hole 33a. 32b is adapted, when the rod body 3411 extends into the first through hole 33a and the vertebral body 3412 is not in contact with the support inclined surface 332a, the rod body 3411 will not open the support block 332, and when the output shaft of the power unit 342 contracts, the rod body 3411 is driven to move toward the power unit 342, and the vertebral body 3412 can support its outer wall on the support inclined surface 332a of the support block 332 under the drive of the rod body 3411, thereby opening the support block 332. In this embodiment, the power unit 342 is a cylinder, and the pull rod 341 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the cylinder; it is understandable that in other embodiments, the power unit 342 can also be other devices such as electric propulsion and linear motors that can drive the pull rod 341 to move along the Z-axis direction.

[0053] As a preferred mode of this embodiment, the clamping mechanism 3 also includes a travel limit assembly 35 arranged on the support seat 32 to limit and adjust the movement stroke of the pull rod 341 and control the expansion distance of the support block 332, so that the support block 332 can further adapt to different workpieces 1. Specifically, the travel limit assembly 35 comprises a limit column 351 provided on the support seat 32, two travel adjustment blocks 352 which are respectively adjustable along the axial direction of the limit column 351 at both ends of the limit column 351, and a limit pin 353 which is penetrated on the limit column 351 along the radial direction of the limit column 351 and is located between the two adjustment blocks; the limit column 351 is fixed on the second support plate 322 corresponding to the side away from the support mouth 33, and an adjustment hole 351a which is coaxially connected with the first through hole 33a is formed in the limit column 351, so that the pull rod 341 can pass through the adjustment hole 351a to be connected with the power part 342, and strip holes 351b distributed along the Z-axis direction and connected with the adjustment hole 351a are respectively formed on the side walls on the two opposite sides of the limit column 351. 51a, the limit pin 353 can pass through the adjusting hole 351a through the strip hole 351b on one side, and pass through the pull rod 341 located in the adjusting hole 351a (specifically, a second through hole 341a that is adapted to the limit pin 353 and can allow the limit pin 353 to pass through is provided at the corresponding position of the pull rod 341), and then pass out from the strip hole 351b on the other side, and the length of the limit pin 353 is greater than the outer diameter of the limit column 351, so that the two ends of the limit pin 353 can extend outward from the strip hole 351b at the corresponding end, and then when the power part 342 drives the pull rod 341 to move forward or backward, it drives the limit pin 353 to move forward or backward synchronously, and when the pull rod 341 moves forward or backward into place, the strip hole 351b can limit the limit pin 353, thereby achieving the purpose of limiting the movement stroke of the pull rod 341. The purpose of providing the stroke adjustment blocks 352 at both ends of the limit column 351 is to adjust the length of the strip hole 351b that is exposed outside, and then adjust the moving distance of the limit pin 353, so as to adjust the stroke of the pull rod 341. Specifically, an external thread is formed on the outer wall of the limit column 351, and the two stroke adjustment blocks 352 are respectively screwed on the limit column 351 through the external thread. When it is necessary to adjust the movement stroke of the pull rod 341, at least one of the adjustment blocks can be screwed in or out forward or backward, so that the stroke adjustment block 352 blocks or opens the strip hole 351b, thereby shortening or increasing the moving distance of the limit pin 353 in the strip hole 351b, and adjusting the movement stroke of the pull rod 341.

[0054] In this embodiment, the stroke adjustment assembly further includes a limit stopper 354 formed on the second support plate 322 and corresponding to both ends of the limit pin 353 to prevent the limit pin 353 from falling off the limit column 351. It is understandable that in some other embodiments, the limit stopper 354 can also be set on the limit pin 353, etc.

[0055] like Figure 8 and Fig. 9 As shown, the balancing mechanism 4 also includes a mounting support assembly 42 disposed on the base 2 and used to mount the balancing assembly 41, and a balancing driving assembly 43 capable of driving the mounting support assembly 42 to carry the balancing assembly 41 toward or away from the workpiece 1 along the Z-axis direction so as to make the balancing assembly 41 approach or away from the workpiece 1 supported on the supporting portion 3a of the clamping mechanism 3, thereby pressing or releasing the workpiece 1 against the positioning step 333a from the Z-axis direction to prevent the workpiece 1 from shifting during the processing process.

[0056] like Fig.10 and Fig.11 As shown, the balancing assembly 41 includes a floating support head 411 assembled on the mounting support assembly 42 and having an axis colinear with the clamping center line of the clamping portion 3a, and a floating pin 412 floatingly arranged on the floating support head 411. In this embodiment, the floating support head 411 is assembled on the mounting support assembly 42 via a shaft 413; in some other embodiments, the floating support head 411 can also be directly assembled on the mounting support assembly 42. The floating pin 412 has a side surface facing the clamping portion 3a, which is formed with a supporting plane that can rest against the outer end of the workpiece 1 (i.e., the end opposite to the end resting on the step surface of the positioning step 333a, and the end resting on the step surface is the inner end of the workpiece 1), and the floating pin 412 has a certain floating property, so that when the supporting plane is pressed on the workpiece 1, it can ensure that the clamping portion 3a can be opened outward and supported on the inner wall of the workpiece 1 within the floating range of the floating pin 412; at the same time, it can also reduce the pressure of the end of the floating pin 412 on the workpiece 1 to avoid damage to the workpiece 1, and can float and press on the workpiece 1 according to the concave and convex characteristics of the shape of the workpiece 1, so as to adapt to the shape of the workpiece 1 while further reducing the pressure of the floating support head 411 on the workpiece 1.

[0057] The floating support head 411 is provided with a plurality of floating pins 412, and the plurality of floating pins 412 are distributed around the center of the floating support head 411 and spaced apart from each other on one side of the floating support head 411 facing the clamping portion 3a, so as to increase the balance of the floating pins 412 against the workpiece. In this embodiment, the floating support head 411 is provided with four floating pins 412, and the four floating pins 412 are distributed on the floating support head 411 in a circular array with the center of the floating support head 411 as the reference, so that when each floating pin 412 is supported on the workpiece 1, the pressure applied by each floating pin 412 to the workpiece 1 is roughly equal, thereby achieving the purpose of balanced support. It is understandable that in some other embodiments, the floating pins 412 can also be distributed on the floating support head 411 in a rectangular array, as long as each floating support head 411 is against the workpiece 1, the pressure applied by each floating support head 411 to the workpiece 1 is equal; in addition, in some other embodiments, the number of the floating pins 412 can also be three, five, etc.

[0058] A floating assembly hole 411a is formed on the floating support head 411 at a position corresponding to the floating pin 412, which is stepped and penetrates the floating support head 411 along the Z-axis direction (i.e., along the moving direction of the floating pin 412). The floating pin 412 is floatingly assembled in the floating assembly hole 411a, so that the floating pin 412 can float in the floating assembly hole 411a when subjected to external force. In this embodiment, the floating assembly hole 411a has a large-diameter end and a small-diameter end that are connected. In the Z-axis direction, the large-diameter end is closer to the clamping mechanism 3, and the small-diameter end is farther from the clamping mechanism 3. The floating pin 412 is floated and penetrates the floating assembly hole 411a through the large-diameter end and the small-diameter end in sequence.

[0059] The floating pin 412 includes a spring pin 4121 floatingly inserted into the floating assembly hole 411a, a snap ring 4122 formed on the first protruding end of the spring pin 4121 away from the clamping part 3a, and a set of elastic members 4123 arranged on the second protruding end of the spring pin 4121 close to the clamping part 3a. The diameter of the spring pin 4121 is adapted to the inner diameter of the small-diameter end, and the second protruding end of the spring pin 4121 is formed with a larger-diameter abutting part 4121a, and the abutting plane is formed on a side of the abutting part 4121a close to the clamping part 3a. The diameter of the snap ring 4122 is larger than the diameter of the small-diameter end, so as to lock the spring pin 4121 after the spring pin 4121 is installed to prevent the spring pin 4121 from falling off from the floating assembly hole 411a. The elastic member 4123 is sleeved on the outer side of the elastic pin 4121 corresponding to the large aperture end, one end of the elastic member 4123 is in contact with or fixed to the corresponding position of the abutting portion 4121a, and the other end is in contact with or fixed to the corresponding position of the large aperture end. In this embodiment, the elastic member 4123 is a compression spring. Of course, in other embodiments, the elastic member 4123 can also be an elastic sheet or other structure that can realize the resetting of the elastic pin. When the entire balancing assembly 41 moves toward the workpiece 1 and the supporting portion 4121a is pressed against the workpiece 1, the supporting portion 4121a compresses the elastic member 4123 due to the reaction force of the workpiece 1, and pushes the elastic pin 4121 to move in the floating assembly hole 411a, thereby ensuring stable support for the workpiece 1 while reducing the pressure on the workpiece 1; when the balancing assembly 41 is reset, as the supporting portion 4121a moves away from and detaches from the workpiece 1, the elastic member 4123 pushes the supporting portion 4121a and drives the elastic pin 4121 to reset, ready for the next processing.

[0060] The mounting support assembly 42 includes a guide rail seat 421 fixed on the base 2 and a mounting plate 422 slidably disposed on the guide rail seat 421 along the Z-axis direction (i.e., the moving direction of the mounting support assembly 42). The balancing assembly 41 is mounted on the mounting plate 422, so that when the mounting plate 422 slides along the guide rail seat 421 under the drive of the balancing drive assembly 43, the balancing assembly 41 can be driven to move synchronously. Specifically, a mounting hole 422a is formed on the mounting plate 422 at a position corresponding to the balancing assembly 41, which penetrates the mounting plate 422 along the Z-axis direction. The balancing assembly 41 can be mounted in the mounting hole 422a through the shaft 413. Preferably, the shaft 413 can also be installed in the mounting hole 422a via a bearing to reduce the friction between the balancing assembly 41 and the mounting plate 422, and allow the balancing assembly 41 to rotate relative to the mounting plate 422 after installation, thereby facilitating adjustment of the contact angle between the balancing portion 4a and the workpiece 1, thereby allowing the balancing assembly 41 to press or support the workpiece 1 more stably.

[0061] Please refer back to Fig. 9 The balancing drive assembly 43 includes a fixed seat 431 fixed on the base 2, a stroke cylinder 432 assembled on the fixed seat 431, and a cylinder stroke detector 433 assembled on the stroke cylinder 432 for limiting the stroke of the stroke cylinder 432 in the Z-axis direction. The output shaft of the stroke cylinder 432 is fixedly connected to the corresponding position of the mounting support assembly 42 (specifically, the mounting plate 422) to push the mounting plate 422 to move along the guide rail seat 421, thereby driving the floating support head 411 and the floating pin 412 to approach or move away from the workpiece 1. In this embodiment, the cylinder stroke detector 433 is a proximity switch. When the proximity switch senses that the relative distance between the stroke cylinder 432 and the mounting plate 422 reaches a set value, the stroke cylinder 432 will be controlled to stop moving to avoid crushing the workpiece 1. It is understandable that in some other embodiments, the cylinder stroke detector 433 can also be a pressure sensor arranged between the mounting plate 422 and the stroke cylinder 432. By detecting the pressure between the mounting plate 422 and the stroke cylinder 432, it can be determined whether the mounting plate 422 drives the floating support head 411 and the floating pin 412 to move into place. Of course, the cylinder stroke detector 433 can also be a stroke switch, etc.

[0062] When the clamping tool of the present invention clamps the workpiece 1, first, according to the size of the workpiece 1 to be processed, the stroke adjustment block 352 is adjusted so that the stroke of the pull rod 341 meets the processing requirements of the workpiece 1; then, in the natural state of the clamping mechanism 3 (that is, when the support blocks 332 are closed), the workpiece 1 is sleeved on the outer side of the support insert 333, and by rotating the workpiece 1, the corresponding position of the workpiece 1 enters the first avoidance groove 333b, and at the same time, after the side hole 1c on the workpiece 1 corresponds to the second avoidance groove 333c one by one, the workpiece 1 is pushed along the Z-axis direction to the step surface that is close to the positioning step 333a; then, the output shaft of the stroke cylinder 432 is controlled to extend, and the mounting plate 422 is pushed to move along the Z-axis direction, while driving the floating support head 411 and the floating pin 412 to approach the workpiece 1. In the process of the stroke cylinder 432 driving the mounting plate 422 to move, the cylinder stroke detector 433 detects the movement stroke of the stroke cylinder 432 in real time. , so that after sensing that the stroke cylinder 432 has moved into place, the stroke cylinder 432 is controlled to stop and maintain its movement. At the same time, the abutting plane of the floating pin 412 gradually approaches and abuts against the workpiece 1, so as to position and support the workpiece 1 in the Z-axis direction; then, the output shaft of the power unit 342 is controlled to retract, the pull rod 341 is pulled to move in the first through hole 33a and synchronously drives the vertebral body 3412 to move, so that the surface of the vertebral body 3412 is supported and pushed on the supporting inclined surface 332a of the support block 332, and then the support block 332 drives the support insert 333 to open outward so that the outer wall of the support insert 333 is supported and abutted against the inner wall of the workpiece 1. When the outer wall of the support insert 333 is completely in contact with the inner wall of the workpiece 1, the power unit 342 is controlled to stop and maintain its movement, so as to position and support the workpiece 1 in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction and the α-axis direction, thereby achieving stable clamping of the workpiece 1 and avoiding displacement of the workpiece 1 during processing.

[0063] When the workpiece 1 is processed and needs to be removed, first, the output shaft of the stroke cylinder 432 is controlled to retract and reset, driving the mounting plate 422 and the floating support head 411 away from the workpiece 1, thereby releasing the pressure and positioning of the workpiece 1 in the Z-axis direction; then the output shaft of the power unit 342 is controlled to extend and reset, pushing the pull rod 341 to move in the first through hole 33a and pushing the vertebral body 3412 away from the supporting slope 332a, so that the support block 332 drives the support insert 333 to return and close under the action of its own elastic force, and the workpiece 1 can be removed only after the outer wall of the support insert 333 is separated from the inner wall of the workpiece 1.

[0064] The clamping tooling of the present invention can realize four-axis support positioning of the workpiece 1 in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, the α-axis direction and the Z-axis direction by arranging the clamping mechanism 3 and the balancing mechanism 4 that cooperate with each other, and can effectively solve the problem of the workpiece 1 swinging due to mechanical shaking or the action of the tool during the processing, thereby improving the processing quality of the workpiece 1, and can be applicable to the processing of workpieces 1 of various types and sizes, and has a wide range of applications.

Claims

1. A clamping tool, characterized in that: The invention comprises a clamping mechanism and a balancing mechanism arranged opposite to the clamping mechanism and cooperating with the clamping mechanism to clamp the workpiece, wherein the clamping mechanism has an inner cavity that can be opened outward to press against the workpiece and a clamping portion that can be retracted inward to release the workpiece; the balancing mechanism has a balancing component arranged opposite to the clamping portion and capable of moving toward the clamping portion, wherein the balancing component is used to press against the outer end of the workpiece when the workpiece is placed on the clamping portion to prevent the workpiece from deviating from the clamping center line during clamping and processing; The clamping mechanism comprises a mounting seat, a support seat provided on one side of the mounting seat corresponding to the balancing mechanism and used to fix the clamping part, and a clamping driving assembly driving the clamping part to open outward to abut against the inner cavity of the workpiece, wherein the clamping part is a support nozzle capable of conforming to the inner wall of the inner cavity of the workpiece; the clamping driving assembly comprises a pull rod movably provided in a first through hole of the support nozzle, and a power part fixed on the support seat and capable of driving the pull rod to reciprocate in the first through hole; The clamping mechanism also includes a stroke limit assembly arranged on the support seat, and the stroke limit assembly includes a limit column arranged on the support seat, two stroke adjustment blocks which are respectively adjustable along the axial direction of the limit column at both ends of the limit column, and a limit pin which is radially penetrated on the limit column and located between the two stroke adjustment blocks along the radial direction of the limit column; an adjustment hole which is coaxially connected with the first through hole is formed in the limit column, and the ends of the pull rod are sequentially penetrated in the adjustment hole and the first through hole, and strip holes which are connected with the adjustment holes are respectively formed on the two side walls on the opposite sides of the limit column, and a second through hole which is adapted to the limit pin is formed at the position of the pull rod corresponding to the strip hole, and the limit pin passes through a strip hole, a second through hole and another strip hole in sequence, and the two ends of the limit pin extend outwardly from the strip holes at the corresponding ends, so that when the pull rod moves forward or backward in the moving direction to the position, it can drive the limit pin forward or backward to resist the stroke adjustment block on the corresponding side to limit the stroke of the pull rod.

2. The clamping tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The balancing mechanism further includes a mounting support assembly for mounting the balancing assembly and a balancing drive assembly capable of driving the mounting support assembly to carry the balancing assembly toward or away from the clamping portion.

3. The clamping tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The balancing assembly includes a floating support head arranged on the mounting support assembly and having an axis colinear with the clamping center line of the clamping portion, and a floating pin floatingly arranged on the floating support head, wherein the floating pin forms a supporting plane facing a side of the clamping portion that can resist the outer end of the workpiece.

4. The clamping tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: A plurality of floating pins are arranged on the floating support head, and the floating pins are arranged around the center of the floating support head and are distributed at intervals on a side surface of the floating support head facing the clamping portion.

5. The clamping tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: A floating assembly hole is formed on the floating support head at a position corresponding to the floating pin and passes through the floating support head along the moving direction of the floating pin. The floating assembly hole has a large-diameter end closer to the clamping mechanism and a small-diameter end farther from the clamping mechanism. The floating pin includes a spring pin floatingly inserted into the floating assembly hole, a retaining ring formed on the first protruding end of the spring pin away from the clamping part, and a set of elastic members arranged on the second protruding end of the spring pin close to the clamping part, the second protruding end is formed with a supporting part with a larger diameter, and a side surface of the supporting part close to the clamping part forms the supporting plane; one end of the elastic member is abutted or fixed to the corresponding position of the supporting part, and the other end is abutted or fixed to the corresponding position of the large aperture end.

6. The clamping tool according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mounting support assembly includes a guide rail seat and a mounting plate slidably arranged on the guide rail seat along the moving direction of the mounting support assembly, and the floating support head is assembled on the mounting plate; a mounting hole is formed on the mounting plate at a position corresponding to the floating support head, which passes through the mounting plate along the moving direction of the mounting plate, and the floating support head is assembled in the mounting hole.

7. The clamping tool according to claim 2, characterized in that: The balancing drive assembly includes a fixed seat, a stroke cylinder mounted on the fixed seat, and a cylinder stroke detector mounted on the stroke cylinder for limiting the stroke of the stroke cylinder in the moving direction of the balancing assembly. The output shaft of the stroke cylinder is fixedly connected to the corresponding position of the mounting support assembly.

8. The clamping tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support nozzle includes a fixed support fixed on one side of the support seat, at least two support blocks arranged on the fixed support corresponding to the side close to the balancing mechanism and capable of opening outward and returning inward, and support inserts arranged one by one at the ends of the support blocks, the outer walls of the support inserts enclose and form a support portion that is shaped like the inner wall of the inner cavity; a first through hole with the clamping center line as the axis is formed between at least two of the support blocks, and the clamping drive assembly can extend into the first through hole to drive at least two support blocks to open outward so that the outer walls of the support inserts are pressed against the inner wall of the inner cavity.

9. The clamping tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: The pull rod includes a rod body connected to the output shaft of the power unit and a cone formed at the end of the rod body, and the first through hole corresponds to the portion of the cone to form a tapered hole adapted to the cone.

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