Static Crushing Method for Loose Rock Mass in Deep Excavation Roadbed Slope

Abstract

The present invention discloses a method for statically crushing loose rock mass in a deep excavation roadbed slope, belonging to the technical field of roadbed slope construction. The method comprises the following steps: S1: construction preparation, S2: source arrangement, S3: sensor arrangement, S4: data collection, S5: inversion imaging, S6: blasting drilling, and S7: blasting. Through the above steps, the situation inside the roadbed can be detected before formal blasting, which facilitates the determination of the layout of blasting holes and thus achieves a better blasting effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of roadbed slope construction, in particular to a method for statically crushing loose rock masses on deep-dig roadbed slopes. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of my country's infrastructure construction, the construction coverage area of ​​roads, railways, buildings, etc. has increased significantly, and more and more blasting and excavation construction is carried out near structures (such as old road reconstruction, intersection of old and new roads, municipal engineering, etc.). Conventional blasting construction cannot be adopted in these places, and the scope of use of static blasting is becoming wider and wider.

[0003] The most common static blasting method is the static blasting method using expanding explosives, which has a slow construction speed and high cost. Therefore, in the process of rock crushing on the deep excavation roadbed slope, splitting rod static blasting is a new construction technology with the advantages of safety, controllability, efficiency and precision. However, due to the influence of its own expansion range, the effect of crushing loose rock is not ideal and there is no reliable rock breaking arrangement guidance. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In order to improve the crushing effect of the static blasting method on the loose rock mass roadbed, the present application provides a static crushing method for the loose rock mass of the deep excavation roadbed slope.

[0005] The present application provides a method for static crushing of loose rock mass on deep excavation roadbed slopes using the following technical solutions:

[0006] A method for static crushing of loose rock mass on deep excavation roadbed slope, comprising the following steps:

[0007] S1: Construction preparation, hollowing out one side of the roadbed that needs to be blasted;

[0008] S2: Source arrangement: multiple horizontal detection holes are drilled on the side wall of the roadbed, and active seismic sources are arranged in the detection holes;

[0009] S3: Arrange sensors on the horizontal surface of the roadbed to receive signals;

[0010] S4: Collect data, trigger the active seismic source, the active seismic source transmits vibration waves, and the sensor collects data when the vibration waves pass through the roadbed;

[0011] S5: Inversion imaging: velocity field inversion is performed based on the data collected by the sensor to identify areas with low rock strength and areas with large internal cracks;

[0012] S6: Blasting and drilling: according to the inversion results, the distribution position of the blasting holes is located, and then drilling is carried out;

[0013] S7: Perform blasting by placing the splitting rod into the blasting hole and performing blasting.

[0014] By adopting the above technical solution, before the formal blasting of the roadbed, an active seismic source is used to detect the internal conditions of the roadbed, and a sensor is used to receive the shock waves, so that the data can be imported into a computer and then inversion imaging is performed. The areas with lower strength and larger internal gaps inside the roadbed rock body can be determined, and then the blasting holes are drilled and finally blasting is carried out. This can better control the splitting direction and degree of splitting and improve the blasting effect.

[0015] Optionally, in step S2, the plurality of detection holes are arranged axially in parallel, and the drilling spacing is 3-5 m;

[0016] The active seismic sources are arranged at equal intervals in the detection hole, and the distance between the active seismic sources is 1-1.5m.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the axes of the detection holes are distributed in parallel, which facilitates the arrangement of active seismic sources. The active seismic sources can be made to penetrate deep into the roadbed, thus better detecting the internal conditions of the roadbed. The spacing between the active seismic sources is 1-1.5m, which can meet the axial inversion resolution requirements and make the inversion imaging results more accurate.

[0018] Optionally, in step S3, the sensors are arranged and distributed on the roadbed surface, and the distance between the sensors is 1 m.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the sensors are arranged and distributed so that they can receive more active source signals, and more constraints are added when solving the inverse matrix, which facilitates the stability of the inversion velocity field results.

[0020] Optionally, in step S5, before the image is generated, vertical drilling sampling is performed on the roadbed, and its vertical velocity distribution is measured as an initial velocity model for the inversion velocity field.

[0021] By adopting the above technical solution, it is convenient to reduce the number of solution iterations when inverting the velocity field, thereby ensuring the stability and accuracy of the solution results.

[0022] Optionally, in step S6, the blasting holes are perpendicular to the roadbed surface, and the distance between two adjacent blasting holes that are parallel in the axis direction is 300-500 mm.

[0023] By adopting this technical solution, the blasthole layout is uniform, ensuring that the splitting rods inserted later are evenly spaced, which helps reduce the difficulty of splitting. The holes are arranged vertically, making drilling easier. The holes are spaced appropriately to ensure that each splitting rod can achieve maximum effectiveness.

[0024] Optionally, it also includes a placement piece for installing an active seismic source;

[0025] The placement piece includes a cylindrical body with a plurality of mounting holes formed thereon, and the plurality of mounting holes are evenly distributed along the axis of the body;

[0026] The mounting holes are used to place active seismic sources, and the distance between the mounting holes is 0.5m.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the active seismic source can be quickly installed in the detection hole through the placement parts. The distance between multiple installation holes is 0.5m. According to needs, an active seismic source can be placed in adjacent installation holes or every one or two installation holes. This can better control the distance between the active seismic sources, which is convenient and quick.

[0028] Optionally, the column includes a mounting portion and a supporting portion, and the mounting hole is located on the circumferential surface on a side away from the supporting portion;

[0029] The support portion and the mounting portion are both semicircular, and the planes of the support portion and the mounting portion fit together to form a cylindrical shape;

[0030] A plurality of guide posts are fixedly connected to the mounting portion, and a plurality of guide holes for inserting the guide posts are opened on the guide portion;

[0031] A support member is provided between the mounting portion and the supporting portion, and the support member can drive the mounting portion and the supporting portion to move in directions away from each other.

[0032] By adopting the above technical solution, the active seismic source can be installed more stably in the detection hole, and the active seismic source can be closer to the side wall of the detection hole, which can make the final detection result more accurate.

[0033] Optionally, the support member includes a support column and a guide head provided at one end of the support column, and an arcuate groove is provided on surfaces of the mounting portion and the support portion adjacent to each other, and the arcuate groove extends along the axis direction of the column;

[0034] The expansion column can be inserted into the arc groove.

[0035] By adopting the above technical solution, the expansion assembly can be more conducive to the separation of the support part and the installation part, and can also support the installation part. The vibration generated by the active seismic source will not cause the installation part and the support part to close together.

[0036] Optionally, the guide head includes a connecting rod and a transition portion sleeved on the connecting rod, and the transition portion is in a frustum shape;

[0037] The thicker end of the transition part is arranged close to the expansion column, the end of the transition part away from the expansion column is provided with a tapered head, the tapered head is connected to the connecting rod, and the end of the transition part close to the expansion column is provided with two guide plates, and the two guide plates are symmetrically arranged about the connecting rod;

[0038] The two guide plates also form a frustum shape. The two guide plates do not fit each other. The guide plates and the connecting rod fit together, and the narrow ends of the guide plates are arranged close to the transition portion. Therefore, the surfaces of the guide plates, the transition portion and the conical head have a taper, and the taper is the same.

[0039] The support column is provided with a receiving groove capable of receiving the guide head;

[0040] A connecting piece is provided between the connecting rod and the guide plate, which can drive the guide plate to move along with the connecting rod, and can also drive the two guide plates to move towards each other;

[0041] The connecting rod has a thinner diameter at the transition portion, so that the connecting rod is stepped. The thicker diameter portion of the connecting rod supports the guide plate, and the thinner diameter portion of the connecting rod provides space for the guide plate to close.

[0042] By adopting the above technical solution, the guide head can be retracted into the support column, thereby allowing the support column to support all parts of the mounting portion, avoiding the presence of the guide head causing one end of the mounting portion to be unsupported, thereby preventing the mounting portion from tilting downward. The guide head is composed of a connecting rod, a guide plate, a transition portion, and a tapered head. The end with the largest diameter of the guide head can be reduced, thereby facilitating the retraction of the guide head into the receiving slot.

[0043] In summary,

[0044] 1. Integrating inversion imaging methods reduces the use of unnecessary splitting rods and ineffective static blasting, while increasing construction efficiency, improving the effectiveness of static blasting in loose rock mass during deep excavation of the roadbed, and reducing construction costs. The system operates in a controllable manner in a static hydraulic environment without generating vibration, impact, noise, dust, or flying debris. Properly arranged splitting rods can complete the splitting process in minutes and can operate continuously, resulting in high efficiency and low operating and maintenance costs. There is no need for isolation or other time-consuming and expensive safety measures required for blasting operations. The splitting rods can accurately determine the splitting direction, shape, and required size in advance, resulting in high splitting precision. The construction method is simple, highly operable, and the project cost is low, allowing for streamlined operations and high construction efficiency.

[0045] 2. The placement piece can facilitate the installation and fixation of the active seismic source, thereby preventing the vibration generated by the active seismic source itself from affecting the detection results and making the inversion imaging results more accurate. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0046] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of detection holes in the embodiment.

[0047] Figure 2 2 is a schematic diagram of the placement structure in the embodiment.

[0048] Figure 3 It is an exploded view of the connection relationship between the support portion and the mounting portion in the embodiment.

[0049] Figure 4 Schematic diagram highlighting the guide head structure in the embodiment.

[0050] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view highlighting the internal structure of the support column in the embodiment.

[0051] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of part A in the middle.

[0052] Figure 7 yes Figure 5 Enlarged view of part B in the middle.

[0053] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram highlighting connection components in an embodiment.

[0054] Figure 9 yes Figure 8 Enlarged view of part C in the middle.

[0055] Description of reference numerals:

[0056] 1. Roadbed; 2. Detection hole; 3. Active seismic source; 4. Sensor; 5. Mounting part; 51. Mounting hole; 52. Arc groove; 53. Guide column; 6. Support part; 61. Guide hole; 7. Spreading member; 71. Spreading column; 711. Accommodating groove; 712. Telescopic hole; 713. Spring; 714. Rectangular cavity; 715. Drive block; 716. Inclined surface; 717. Drive rod; 718. Guide surface; 72. Guide head; 73. Conical head; 731. Slide groove; 74. Transition part; 75. Guide plate; 76. Connecting rod; 761. Chamfer; 77. Telescopic rod; 771. Baffle; 78. Through groove; 781. Sliding groove; 782. Give way groove; 8. Connecting part; 81. Connecting rod; 82. Rotating shaft; 83. Support block. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] The following is combined with Figure 1-9 This application is described in further detail.

[0058] The present application discloses a method for static crushing of loose rock mass on deep excavation roadbed slope. Figure 1 , the static blasting method includes the following steps:

[0059] S1: Construction preparation: hollow out one side of the roadbed 1 that needs to be blasted; make one side of the roadbed 1 open to the air, so as to determine the direction of blasting.

[0060] S2: Source Arrangement: Multiple horizontally arranged detection holes 2 are drilled into the sidewalls of the roadbed 1, and active seismic sources 3 are arranged within the detection holes 2. The detection holes 2 have a diameter of 90 mm, which facilitates the installation of the active seismic sources 3. The detection holes 2 are spaced 3-5 m apart, enabling better detection of the roadbed 1 without requiring an excessive number of active seismic sources 3. The axially parallel arrangement of the detection holes 2 maintains a relatively stable radial inversion resolution, improving the final effect of the inversion imaging. The active seismic source 3 in this embodiment can be an airgun source.

[0061] S3: Deploy sensor 4. Sensor 4 is placed horizontally on the surface of roadbed 1 to receive signals. Sensor 4 is placed on the surface of deep roadbed 1, with 1m spacing between rows and columns. This ensures that more active source 3 signals are received, adds more constraints when solving the inverse matrix, and stabilizes the inverted velocity field.

[0062] S4: Collect data, trigger the active seismic source 3, the active seismic source 3 transmits vibration waves, and the sensor 4 collects data when the vibration waves pass through the roadbed 1; multiple sensors 4 and active seismic sources 3 can make the collected data more accurate.

[0063] S5: Inversion imaging: velocity field inversion is performed based on the data collected by sensor 4 to determine areas with lower rock mass strength and areas with larger internal gaps; this facilitates deduction of the layout of blast holes.

[0064] S6: Blasting Drilling: Based on the inversion results, the blasting holes are located and then drilled. Based on the inversion analysis, the holes are arranged to avoid areas with low strength and large internal cracks. The holes are axially perpendicular to the bottom surface of roadbed 1, and the axial spacing between adjacent holes is 300-500mm. This ensures a uniform hole layout, ensuring that the splitting rods inserted later are evenly spaced, which helps reduce the difficulty of splitting. Vertically arranging the holes reduces drilling difficulty. Proper spacing between the holes ensures maximum effectiveness of each splitting rod.

[0065] S7: Blasting is carried out by placing the splitting rod into the blasting hole and blasting. During the blasting process, it should be noted that the part close to the air side should be blasted first, and then the blasting should be extended in the direction away from the air side in order to better control the blasting direction.

[0066] In step S2, the active seismic sources 3 are arranged axially within the borehole at intervals of 1-1.5 m, or the mobile seismic sources are arranged axially at intervals of 1-1.5 m. This ensures that the required axial inversion resolution is achieved, maximizing the inversion effect. This also minimizes the use of excessive active seismic sources 3 and reduces costs.

[0067] Before the inversion imaging in step S5, vertical drilling is performed on the roadbed 1 to sample the vertical velocity distribution, and its vertical velocity distribution is measured as the initial velocity model for the inverted velocity field. This reduces the number of iterations during the inversion of the velocity field, ensuring the stability and accuracy of the solution. The initial model is established using a rectangular grid discretization mode. Simultaneously, based on Thiessen polygons, the model matrix is ​​projected into a low-dimensional space to solve the generalized inverse. Different subspaces are then back-projected into a high-dimensional space and weighted averaged to obtain a higher-resolution inverted velocity field.

[0068] When arranging the splitting rods, drill holes that match the splitting rod specifications according to the pre-designed hole layout requirements, put the splitting rods in the holes, and point the hydraulic push rods toward the side of the slope facing the air. After the rock is broken, it can be taken out and put into the next hole, and the loose rock on the slope of the roadbed 1 is split layer by layer in a cycle to deep-dig the roadbed.

[0069] This embodiment also discloses an active source placement component, referring to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The placement part includes a cylindrical column, which is symmetrically divided into two parts along the axis, one part is the mounting part 5, and the other part is the supporting part 6. The planes on the mounting part 5 and the supporting part 6 are aligned to form a column. The column can penetrate deep into the detection hole 2, the supporting part 6 is located at the bottom, and the mounting part 5 is located at the top. The active seismic source 3 is installed on the mounting part 5; the supporting part 6 can be placed on the bottom surface of the detection hole 2, and the supporting part 6 is provided with a support part 7. The support part 7 can make the mounting part 5 rise, so that the active seismic source 3 is closer to the top of the detection hole 2, so that the vibration wave generated by the active seismic source 3 can better propagate inside the roadbed 1.

[0070] Reference Figure 2 The mounting portion 5 has a plurality of mounting holes 51 formed on its circumference. These holes 51 are evenly distributed along the axis of the column. The distance between adjacent mounting holes 51 at either end of the mounting portion 5 is 1 meter, while the distance between the remaining mounting holes 51 is 0.1 meter. The mounting holes 51 are used to mount the active seismic sources 3, and the distance between the active seismic sources 3 can be adjusted by adjusting the distance between the mounting holes 51.

[0071] Reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 The expansion member 7 includes an expansion column 71 and a conical guide head 72 provided at one end of the expansion column 71; the planes where the support portion 6 and the mounting portion 5 are close to each other are provided with arc grooves 52 extending along the axis of the column, and the arc grooves 52 on the support portion 6 and the mounting portion 5 are opposed to each other to form a circular hole shape. The expansion column 71 can be inserted between the arc grooves 52, driving the support portion 6 and the mounting portion 5 to move away from each other, thereby driving the mounting portion 5 to rise, and the conical guide head 72 can enable the expansion member 7 to better enter between the support portion 6 and the mounting portion 5.

[0072] Reference Figure 3 A plurality of evenly distributed guide posts 53 are fixedly connected to the surface of the mounting portion 5 close to the supporting portion 6. The guide posts 53 are evenly divided into two groups and are located on both sides of the axis of the column. A guide hole 61 for inserting the guide posts 53 is provided on the supporting portion 6, so that no lateral movement will occur during the separation of the mounting portion 5 and the supporting portion 6.

[0073] Reference Figure 4 and Figure 5 The guide head 72 includes a conical head 73, a transition portion 74, and a guide plate 75. The transition portion 74 is originally in the shape of a truncated cone and is used to connect the conical head 73 and the guide plate 75. There are two guide plates 75, and they are symmetrical about the axis of the support column 71. The guide plate 75 is arc-shaped, and the surfaces of the transition portion 74 and the guide plate 75 are inclined, and the inclination is the same as the inclination of the surface of the guide head 72. The transition portion 74 is installed close to the support column 71, and the guide plate 75 is located at the end of the transition portion 74 away from the support column 71. The conical head 73 is located at the end of the guide plate 75 away from the transition portion 74, so the taper of the conical head 73 and the guide head 72 is the same.

[0074] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 The support column 71 is provided with a receiving groove 711 at one end close to the guide head 72, and the receiving groove 711 can be used for the guide head 72 to retract. After the guiding function of the guide head 72 is completed, the guide head 72 can be retracted into the receiving groove 711, so that the support column 71 can be completely inserted between the support portion 6 and the mounting portion 5. The support column 71 can better support the mounting portion 5, avoiding the end of the mounting portion 5 not being supported due to the existence of the guide head 72.

[0075] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 A connecting rod 76 is inserted into the accommodating groove 711, and the connecting rod 76 passes between the two guide plates 75 and coaxially passes through the transition portion 74. The end of the connecting rod 76 is connected to the conical head 73, and there are connecting parts 8 between the connecting rod 76 and the transition portion 74 and the guide plate 75; the connecting rod 76 can move along its own axis in the accommodating groove 711. When the connecting rod 76 moves into the accommodating groove 711, the connecting rod 76 drives the two guide plates 75 to move toward each other through the connecting part 8, so that the end with the largest diameter of the conical shape formed by the two guide plates 75 can enter the accommodating groove 711, thereby completing the retraction of the guide head 72.

[0076] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 7When the locking cam 75 is in the closed position, the locking cam 75 is in the closed position, and the two guide plates 75 are kept apart. When the locking cam 75 is in the closed position, the two guide plates 75 are kept apart. When the locking cam 75 is in the closed position, the two guide plates 75 are kept apart. When the locking cam 75 is in the closed position, the two guide plates 75 are kept apart. When the locking cam 75 is in the closed position, the two guide plates 75 are kept apart, and the two guide plates 75 are kept apart. When the locking cam 75 is in the closed position, the two guide plates 75 are kept apart, and the two guide plates 75 are kept apart

[0077] A chamfer 761 is provided at the end of the thicker diameter portion of the connecting rod 76 near the thinner diameter portion, so that when the connecting rod 76 is extended, the portion of the connecting rod 76 can better penetrate the diameter of the two guide plates 75, and can spread the two guide plates 75 apart, so that the end of the guide plate 75 abuts against the end of the spreading column 71, so that during the guiding process, the guide head 72 will not retract into the accommodating groove 711 due to force.

[0078] Reference Figure 5 and Figure 6 A telescopic hole 712 is provided on the bottom surface of the receiving groove 711 away from the guide head 72, through which the connecting rod 76 can be extended and retracted. A spring 713 is fixedly connected to the telescopic hole 712. The spring 713 is fixedly connected to the end of the connecting rod 76, so that the spring 713 can provide power for the extension of the connecting rod 76. A rectangular cavity 714 is also provided inside the expansion column 71. The rectangular cavity 714 extends toward the axis of the expansion column 71 so that the rectangular cavity 714 and the telescopic hole 712 are connected. A driving block 715 fixedly connected to the connecting rod 76 is provided in the rectangular cavity 714. The surface of the driving block 715 away from the connecting rod 76 is an inclined surface 716. A plurality of vertical driving rods 717 are also provided in the rectangular cavity 714. The lower end of the driving rod 717 abuts against the inclined surface 716 on the driving block 715, and the upper end of the driving rod 717 protrudes from the expansion column 71. The surface of the drive rod 717 is provided with an inclined guide surface 718 at the upper end thereof. The guide surface 718 extends toward the surface of the expander column 71 at one end thereof in the direction of movement when the expander column 71 is inserted into the column body. Therefore, when the expander column 71 is inserted into the column body, under the action of the guide surface 718, the drive rod 717 applies force to the drive block 715, causing the drive block 715 to move in the direction away from the guide head 72 in the expander column 71. The drive block 715 and the connecting rod 76 are fixedly connected, so that the drive block 715 can drive the connecting rod 76 to move.

[0079] Multiple drive rods 717 are evenly arranged along the axial direction of the connecting rod 76, and the closer the multiple drive rods 717 are to the guide head 72, the lower the height of the drive rods 717 is, thus forming a stepped arrangement. When the lowest drive rod 717 drops into the expansion column 71, the adjacent drive rods 717 will drop accordingly, but will not sink into the expansion column 71. The expansion column 71 continues to be inserted, which will apply force to the second drive rod 717. Therefore, during the insertion process of the expansion column 71, force will be applied to the drive rods 717 in turn, which can drive the connecting rod 76 to move a sufficient distance.

[0080] Reference Figure 7 When the locking cam 75 is in the closed position, the locking cam 73 is in the closed position, and the spring 738 is in the closed position, so that the spring 738 is locked and the locking cam 738 is locked.

[0081] Reference Figure 8 and Figure 9 The connecting rod 76 is provided with a long strip through slot 78, and the connecting member 8 is located in the through slot 78. The connecting member 8 includes a connecting rod 81 and a rotating shaft 82 passing through both ends of the connecting rod 81. The rotating shaft 82 and the connecting rod 81 are rotatably connected so that the rotating shaft can rotate along its own axis, and the rotating shaft 82 is arranged perpendicular to the axis of the connecting rod 81; a sliding slot 781 is provided on the inner wall of the through slot 78 for sliding at both ends of the rotating shaft 82. The through slot 78 and the sliding slot 781 are both provided along the axial direction of the connecting rod 81, and a strip groove (not shown in the figure) is provided on the surface of the guide plate 75 near the connecting rod 76 for the connecting rod 81 to extend into. The other end of the connecting rod 81 is in the strip groove, and two support blocks 83 are fixedly connected in the strip groove. The two ends of the rotating shaft 82 in the strip groove are fixedly connected to the two support blocks 83 respectively. When the connecting rod 76 moves, the connecting rod 81 first moves in the through groove 78. When the thinner part of the connecting rod 76 moves to the guide plate 75, the rotating shaft 82 on the connecting rod 81 just moves to the end of the sliding groove 781. The connecting rod 76 continues to move, which can pull the guide plate 75 to move.

[0082] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 9, a clearance groove 782 is provided on the end of the thicker diameter part of the connecting rod 76 close to the thinner diameter part, and on the end of the guide plate 75 close to the support column 71. When the thicker diameter part of the connecting rod 76 and the guide plate 75 are separated, the guide plate 75 will first move closer to the connecting rod 76, resulting in a misalignment between the end of the guide plate 75 and the thicker part of the connecting rod 76. The existence of the clearance groove 782 can prevent the connecting rod 81 from being stuck between the guide plate 75 and the connecting rod 76 when misalignment occurs.

[0083] The above are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, any equivalent changes made based on the structure, shape, and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of protection of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for static crushing of loose rock mass on deep excavation roadbed slope, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1: Construction preparation, hollowing out one side of the roadbed (1) that needs to be blasted; S2: Seismic source arrangement: multiple horizontally arranged detection holes (2) are drilled on the side wall of the roadbed (1), and active seismic sources (3) are arranged in the detection holes (2); S3: Arranging a sensor (4), arranging the sensor (4) on the horizontal surface of the roadbed (1), the sensor (4) being used to receive a signal; S4: collecting data, triggering the active seismic source (3), the active seismic source (3) transmits a vibration wave, and the sensor (4) collects data when the vibration wave passes through the roadbed (1); S5: Inversion imaging, performing velocity field inversion based on the data collected by sensor (4) to determine areas with lower rock mass strength and larger internal cracks; S6: Blasting drilling: Based on the inversion results, the distribution of blasting holes is located, avoiding areas with low rock strength and areas with large internal cracks, and then drilling is carried out; S7: blasting, placing the splitting rod into the blasting hole and blasting; It also includes a placement piece for mounting the active seismic source (3); the placement piece includes a cylindrical column, the column is provided with a plurality of mounting holes (51), and the plurality of mounting holes (51) are evenly distributed along the axis direction of the column; the mounting holes (51) are used to place the active seismic source (3); The column comprises a mounting portion (5) and a supporting portion (6), wherein the mounting hole (51) is located on the circumferential surface of the side away from the supporting portion (6); the supporting portion (6) and the mounting portion (5) are both semicircular, and the planes of the supporting portion (6) and the mounting portion (5) are fitted together to form a cylindrical shape; a plurality of guide columns (53) are fixedly connected to the mounting portion (5), and a plurality of guide holes (61) for inserting the guide columns (53) are provided on the supporting portion; a support member is provided between the mounting portion (5) and the supporting portion (6), and the support member can drive the mounting portion (5) and the supporting portion (6) to move in a direction away from each other.

2. The method for static crushing of loose rock mass on deep excavation roadbed slope according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S2, a plurality of detection holes (2) are arranged axially in parallel, and the drilling spacing is 3-5 m; the active seismic sources (3) are arranged in an equidistant manner within the detection holes (2), and the distance between the active seismic sources (3) is 1-1.5 m.

3. The static crushing method for loose rock mass of deep excavation roadbed slope according to claim 1 is characterized by: In step S3, the sensors (4) are arranged and distributed on the surface of the roadbed (1), and the distance between the sensors (4) is 1m.

4. The method for static crushing of loose rock mass in deep excavation roadbed slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S5, before inversion imaging, vertical drilling sampling is performed on the roadbed (1), and its vertical velocity distribution is measured as an initial velocity model of the inversion velocity field.

5. The method for static crushing of loose rock mass in deep excavation roadbed slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the blasting holes are perpendicular to the bottom surface of the roadbed (1), and the distance between two adjacent blasting holes that are parallel in axis is 300-500 mm.

6. The method for static crushing of loose rock mass in deep excavation roadbed slope according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support member comprises a support column (71) and a guide head (72) provided at one end of the support column (71); an arcuate groove (52) is provided on surfaces of the mounting portion (5) and the support portion (6) adjacent to each other; the arcuate groove (52) extends along the axis direction of the column; and the support column (71) can be inserted into the arcuate groove (52).

7. The method for static crushing of loose rock mass in deep excavation roadbed slope according to claim 6, characterized in that: The guide head (72) includes a connecting rod (76) and a transition portion (74) sleeved on the connecting rod (76), wherein the transition portion (74) is in a truncated cone shape; The thicker end of the transition portion (74) is arranged close to the expansion column (71), the end of the transition portion (74) away from the expansion column (71) is provided with a conical head (73), the conical head (73) is connected to the connecting rod (76), and the end of the transition portion (74) close to the expansion column (71) is provided with two guide plates (75), and the two guide plates (75) are symmetrically arranged about the connecting rod (76); The two guide plates (75) also form a truncated cone shape. The two guide plates (75) do not fit together. The guide plates (75) and the connecting rod (76) fit together, and the narrow end of the guide plate (75) is arranged close to the transition portion (74). Therefore, the surfaces of the guide plate (75), the transition portion (74) and the conical head (73) have a taper, and the taper is the same. The support column (71) is provided with a receiving groove (711) capable of receiving the guide head (72); A connecting member (8) is provided between the connecting rod (76) and the guide plate (75), and the connecting member (8) can drive the guide plate (75) to move along with the connecting rod (76), and can also drive the two guide plates (75) to move in a direction toward each other; The connecting rod (76) has a thinner diameter at the transition portion (74), so that the connecting rod (76) is stepped. The thicker diameter portion of the connecting rod (76) supports the guide plate (75), and the thinner diameter portion of the connecting rod (76) provides space for the guide plate (75) to close.

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