Dry and wet treatment system and treatment method for waste batteries

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of waste battery treatment, and discloses a waste battery dry-wet treatment system and a treatment method, the treatment system comprising a sorting mechanism, a dry screening mechanism and a wet screening mechanism; the sorting mechanism comprising a battery hammer crusher, a material vibrating spreader and a first sorter; the dry screening mechanism comprising a shell hammer crusher, a shell vibrating spreader, a second sorter and a magnetic separator; and the wet screening mechanism comprising a spiral conveyor, a diaphragm crusher, a diaphragm vibrating spreader, a rinsing machine, a fine hammer crusher and a screening machine. The first sorter is used for first screening, and the second sorter is used for second screening, so as to improve the screening degree of the shell tab and black powder diaphragm; the wet treatment is used for crushing, vibrating and rinsing, so as to improve the screening degree between the black powder and the diaphragm; finally, the fine hammer crushing and screening are used to remove copper and aluminum in the black powder, so as to greatly improve the black powder recovery rate in the waste battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste battery treatment, and in particular to a dry and wet waste battery treatment system and method. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of the electronic information age, lithium batteries are currently in a phase of rapid development and have a wide range of applications. Therefore, the recycling of end-of-life lithium batteries is particularly important. Statistics show that from January to April 2022, a total of 56,637 tons of waste ternary lithium batteries, 22,922 tons of waste lithium iron phosphate batteries, and 4,897 tons of waste lithium cobalt oxide batteries were recycled. Because waste ternary lithium batteries contain nickel, cobalt, and lithium elements, they have high recycling value. Given the current relatively limited resources and the huge profits from recycling, the development potential of the waste lithium battery recycling industry is undoubtedly enormous.

[0003] The recycling industry for waste lithium batteries is still in its infancy. There are many processes in the industry, but most of the existing processes are based on separating materials through a negative pressure system after crushing. However, a large amount of black powder still adheres to the surfaces of copper, aluminum, shell, tabs and separator after separation by this method, resulting in a poor recovery rate of black powder. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is:

[0005] The recovery rate of black powder is poor.

[0006] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a dry and wet treatment system for waste batteries, comprising:

[0007] The sorting mechanism includes a battery hammer crusher, a material vibrating shredder connected to the battery hammer crusher, and a first sorter connected to the material vibrating shredder; the first sorter is provided with a first discharge port and a second discharge port.

[0008] A dry screening mechanism; the dry screening mechanism includes a shell hammer crusher connected to the first discharge port, a shell vibrating shredder connected to the shell hammer crusher, a second separator connected to the shell vibrating shredder, and a magnetic separator connected to the second separator; the second separator is provided with a first discharge port and a second discharge port, and the magnetic separator is connected to the first discharge port; and

[0009] A wet screening mechanism; the wet screening mechanism includes a screw conveyor connected to the second discharge port and the second outlet, a diaphragm crusher connected to the screw conveyor, a diaphragm vibrating feeder connected to the diaphragm crusher, a rinsing machine connected to the diaphragm vibrating feeder, a fine hammer crusher connected to the rinsing machine, and a screening machine connected to the fine hammer crusher; water is injected into the diaphragm crusher for water-based crushing of the material.

[0010] Compared with existing technologies, the above-mentioned dry and wet waste battery treatment system has the following advantages:

[0011] The process involves a first screening using a battery hammer crusher, a material vibrating shredder, and a first separator; a second screening using a casing hammer crusher, a casing vibrating shredder, and a second separator to improve the separation of the casing tabs from the black powder diaphragm; then, wet processing for crushing, dispersing, and rinsing further improves the separation between the black powder and the diaphragm; finally, fine hammer crushing and filtration remove copper and aluminum from the black powder, significantly increasing the black powder recovery rate from waste batteries to 98.5%, with excellent impurity removal and high purity.

[0012] In one embodiment, the rinsing machine includes a water tank, a spiral rod installed at the bottom of the water tank, a first rinsing drive member connected to the spiral rod, a roller installed at the top of the water tank, a lever connected to the roller, and a second rinsing drive member connected to the roller; the first rinsing drive member drives the spiral rod to rotate relative to the water tank, and the second rinsing drive member drives the roller to rotate relative to the water tank.

[0013] In one embodiment, the pusher blocks are arranged in the same direction as the rollers, and the pusher blocks are arranged at intervals around the rollers; the number of rollers is two, and the two rollers are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the second rinsing drive member, and the second rinsing drive member is connected to the rollers on both sides by chain drive.

[0014] In one embodiment, the first sorter includes a sorting feed pipe, a sorting channel connected to the sorting feed pipe, a suction pipe connected to the sorting channel, a sorting hopper connected to the suction pipe, a sorting fan installed on the sorting hopper, and a circulation pipe connected to the sorting fan; the sorting feed pipe is disposed on one side of the sorting channel, the top end of the sorting channel is connected to the suction pipe, the bottom end of the sorting channel is connected to a first discharge port, and the bottom end of the sorting hopper is connected to a second discharge port.

[0015] In one embodiment, the second sorter has the same structure as the first sorter; the sorting channel is arranged in a sawtooth-shaped reciprocating bend; a fan is provided on the sorting feed pipe and the second discharge port; and a baffle is provided inside the sorting hopper.

[0016] In one embodiment, the battery hammer crusher includes a hammer crushing chamber, a hammer crushing rotary cutter hinged in the hammer crushing chamber, and a hammer crushing drive connected to the hammer crushing rotary cutter; a hammer crushing fixed cutter is provided in the hammer crushing chamber, and the hammer crushing fixed cutter is arranged around the outside of the hammer crushing rotary cutter.

[0017] In one embodiment, the outer shell hammer crusher has the same structure as the battery hammer crusher; the hammer crushing chamber includes an upper hammer crushing chamber and a lower hammer crushing chamber that are pivotally connected to each other.

[0018] In one embodiment, the diaphragm crusher includes a crushing chamber, a crushing cutter hinged in the crushing chamber, and a crushing drive connected to the crushing cutter; a fixed crushing cutter is provided in the crushing chamber, and the fixed crushing cutter is arranged around the outside of the crushing cutter; a water injection hole is provided on the crushing chamber, and a partition is provided on the side of the water injection hole away from the crushing cutter.

[0019] In one embodiment, the material vibrating shovel, the outer shell vibrating shovel, and the diaphragm vibrating shovel have the same structure; the material vibrating shovel includes a vibrating mounting frame, a vibrating chamber channel connected to the vibrating mounting frame, and a vibrating motor installed on the vibrating chamber channel.

[0020] A method for dry and wet treatment of waste batteries, based on the aforementioned dry and wet treatment system for waste batteries, the method comprising:

[0021] Waste batteries are placed into a battery crusher for the first crushing to obtain mixed battery materials;

[0022] The mixed battery materials are conveyed into a vibrating material dispersing machine for dispersing.

[0023] The dispersed battery material is conveyed to the first sorter for the first air screening. The shell and tabs that are screened out are discharged from the first discharge port of the first sorter, and the diaphragm and black powder that are screened out are discharged from the second discharge port of the first sorter.

[0024] The outer shell and the electrode tab discharged from the first discharge port are conveyed into the outer shell hammer crusher for a second crushing.

[0025] The outer shell and the electrode tabs, after being crushed a second time, are conveyed into the outer shell vibrating shredder for dispersing.

[0026] After being shaken apart, the outer shell and the electrode are conveyed to the second separator for a second air screening. The outer shell and the electrode that are screened out by the air screening are discharged from the first outlet of the second separator, and the black powder that is screened out by the air screening is discharged from the second outlet of the second separator.

[0027] The outer shell and electrode tabs discharged from the first outlet are conveyed into the magnetic separator to obtain screened iron and aluminum.

[0028] The diaphragm and black powder material discharged from the second discharge port and the second outlet port are conveyed to the screw conveyor, and the screw conveyor conveys the diaphragm and black powder material to the diaphragm crusher for water injection and crushing.

[0029] The water-injected and shredded diaphragm and black powder are conveyed to a diaphragm vibrating shredder for dispersing.

[0030] The shaken diaphragm and black powder are transported to the water tank of the rinsing machine for sieving, resulting in a diaphragm floating on the water surface and a mixture of black powder sinking to the bottom.

[0031] The black powder mixture that sinks to the bottom of the water is transported to a fine hammer crusher for fine crushing;

[0032] The finely crushed black powder mixture is fed to a vibrating screener to obtain a copper-aluminum mixture and the filtered black powder. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the dry and wet treatment system for waste batteries according to one embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Another structural diagram of the dry and wet treatment system for waste batteries;

[0035] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of a battery-powered hammer crusher;

[0036] Figure 4 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a vibrating material shredder;

[0037] Figure 5 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the first sorter in the middle;

[0038] Figure 6 for Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the structure of the magnetic separator;

[0039] Figure 7 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a medium screw conveyor;

[0040] Figure 8 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the diaphragm crusher;

[0041] Figure 9 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the mid-rinse washing machine;

[0042] Figure 10 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a medium-fine hammer crusher;

[0043] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the precision hammer cutter holder and hammer body of a precision hammer crusher.

[0044] Figure 12 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the medium screen material feeder;

[0045] Figure 13 This is a process flow diagram of a dry and wet treatment method for waste batteries according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] The meanings of the numbers in the attached diagram are as follows:

[0047] 100. Waste battery dry and wet treatment system;

[0048] 10. Sorting mechanism; 11. Battery hammer crusher; 111. Hammer crusher bin; 112. Hammer crusher rotary cutter; 113. Hammer crusher drive unit; 114. Hammer crusher fixed cutter; 115. Hammer crusher upper bin; 116. Hammer crusher lower bin; 12. Material vibrating distributor; 121. Vibration mounting frame; 122. Vibration hopper; 123. Vibration motor; 125. Rubber spring; 13. First sorter; 131. Sorting feed pipe; 132. Sorting trough; 133. Suction pipe; 134. Sorting hopper; 1340. Baffle; 135. Sorting fan; 136. Circulation pipe; 137. First discharge port; 138. Second discharge port; 139. Air shut-off fan;

[0049] 20. Dry screening mechanism; 21. Shell hammer crusher; 22. Shell vibrating material feeder; 23. Second separator; 231. First discharge port; 232. Second discharge port; 24. Magnetic separator; 241. Magnetic separation suspension; 242. Exciter; 243. Conveyor belt; 244. Drive wheel; 245. Driven wheel; 246. Magnetic separation drive component;

[0050] 30. Wet screening mechanism; 31. Screw conveyor; 311. Conveyor housing; 312. Conveyor shaft; 313. Conveyor drive component; 315. First inlet; 316. Second inlet; 317. Discharge outlet; 32. Diaphragm crusher; 321. Crushing chamber; 322. Crushing cutter; 323. Crushing drive component; 324. Fixed crushing cutter; 325. Water injection hole; 326. Baffle plate; 327. Upper crushing chamber; 328. Lower crushing chamber; 33. Diaphragm vibrating feeder; 4. Rinsing machine; 341. Water tank; 342. Spiral rod; 343. First rinsing drive component; 344. Roller; 345. Pulley; 346. Second rinsing drive component; 347. Spiral conveyor; 35. Fine hammer crusher; 351. Hammer crusher housing; 352. Fine hammer cutter holder; 353. Hammer body; 355. Fine hammer drive component; 36. Screening machine; 361. Screening box; 362. Screening mesh; 363. Screening vibrating component; 364. First screen opening; 365. Second screen opening. Detailed Implementation

[0051] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Many specific details are set forth in the following description to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, the present invention can be practiced in many other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar modifications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0052] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," and "circumferential" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this invention.

[0053] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0054] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0055] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature is in indirect contact with the second feature through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0056] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0057] Please see Figures 1 to 12 The waste battery dry and wet treatment system 100 according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a sorting mechanism 10, a dry screening mechanism 20, and a wet screening mechanism 30. The sorting mechanism 10 includes a battery hammer crusher 11, a material vibrating scattering machine 12 connected to the battery hammer crusher 11, and a first separator 13 connected to the material vibrating scattering machine 12. The battery hammer crusher 11 is used to perform a first hammer crushing operation on the waste batteries to obtain mixed battery materials. The material vibrating scattering machine 12 performs a vibration and dispersion operation on the mixed battery materials to ensure the subsequent air screening operation. The first separator 13 is provided with a first discharge port 137 and a second discharge port 138. The outer shell and electrode tabs in the battery materials are discharged through the first discharge port 137, and the black powder and separator are discharged through the second discharge port 138 to realize the air screening operation.

[0058] The dry screening mechanism 20 includes a shell hammer crusher 21 connected to the first discharge port 137, a shell vibrating shredder 22 connected to the shell hammer crusher 21, a second separator 23 connected to the shell vibrating shredder 22, and a magnetic separator 24 connected to the second separator 23. The shell hammer crusher 21 performs a second crushing operation on the shell and the electrode tabs to remove the black powder adhering to the surface of the shell and the electrode tabs. The second separator 23 is used to perform a second air screening operation on the shell and the electrode tabs. The second separator 23 is provided with a first discharge port 231 and a second discharge port 232. The first discharge port 231 is used to discharge the shell and the electrode tabs, and the second discharge port 232 is used to discharge the black powder that was screened out in the second air screening. The magnetic separator 24 is connected to the first discharge port 231 and is used to separate iron and aluminum in the shell and the electrode tabs.

[0059] The wet screening mechanism 30 includes a screw conveyor 31 connected to the second discharge port 138 and the second outlet 232, a diaphragm crusher 32 connected to the screw conveyor 31, a diaphragm vibrating feeder 33 connected to the diaphragm crusher 32, a rinsing machine 34 connected to the diaphragm vibrating feeder 33, a fine hammer crusher 35 connected to the rinsing machine 34, and a screening machine 36 connected to the fine hammer crusher 35. The screw conveyor 31 collects the black powder and diaphragm particles discharged from the first and second air screens and transports them to the diaphragm crusher 32. The internal water injection unit 32 is used for crushing the material by injecting water. Since the density of black powder is greater than that of water and the density of the diaphragm is less than that of water, crushing the material by injecting water into the diaphragm crusher 32 can greatly improve the separation degree of black powder and diaphragm, thereby ensuring the screening effect of black powder adhering to the diaphragm surface. The washing machine 34 is used to soak the diaphragm and black powder in water, and then separate the crushed diaphragm and black powder by the density of water. Then, the black powder is finely crushed by the fine hammer crusher 35, and finally the copper and aluminum in the black powder are filtered out by the screening machine 36 to obtain high-purity black powder.

[0060] The aforementioned waste battery dry and wet treatment system 100 performs a first screening using a battery hammer crusher 11, a material vibrating shredder 12, and a first separator 13. A second screening is performed using a casing hammer crusher 21, a casing vibrating shredder 22, and a second separator 23 to improve the screening degree between the casing tabs and the black powder separator. Then, wet treatment is used for crushing, dispersing, and rinsing to improve the screening degree between the black powder and the separator. Finally, fine hammer crushing and filtration are used to remove copper and aluminum from the black powder, greatly improving the black powder recovery rate in waste batteries. The black powder recovery rate can reach 98.5%, and the degree of impurity removal is good, resulting in high purity black powder.

[0061] Furthermore, the battery hammer crusher 11 includes a hammer crushing chamber 111, a hammer crushing rotary cutter 112 hinged within the hammer crushing chamber 111, and a hammer crushing drive unit 113 connected to the hammer crushing rotary cutter 112. The hammer crushing chamber 111 has a hollow structure, with material feeding at the top and discharging at the bottom. A hammer crushing fixed cutter 114 is disposed within the hammer crushing chamber 111, surrounding the outside of the hammer crushing rotary cutter 112. The hammer crushing rotary cutter 112 can rotate relative to the hammer crushing chamber 111. The hammer crushing fixed cutter 114 cooperates with the hammer crushing rotary cutter 112 to perform hammer crushing operations on the waste batteries within the hammer crushing chamber 111. The hammer crushing drive unit 113 is disposed on one side of the hammer crushing chamber 111, and is belt-connected to the hammer crushing rotary cutter 112. The hammer crushing drive unit 113 drives the hammer crushing rotary cutter 112 to rotate relative to the hammer crushing fixed cutter 114. In this embodiment, the hammer crusher drive component 113 is a motor; the hammer crusher chamber 111 includes an upper hammer crusher body 115 and a lower hammer crusher body 116 that are pivotally connected to each other. The upper hammer crusher body 115 is provided with a feed pipe, and the lower hammer crusher body 116 is provided with a discharge pipe. By setting the hammer crusher chamber 111 as two pivotally connected half-body structures, it is convenient to maintain and replace the hammer crusher rotary cutter 112 and the hammer crusher fixed cutter 114, thereby improving the efficiency of disassembly and assembly for later maintenance.

[0062] Furthermore, the shell hammer crusher 21 has the same structure as the battery hammer crusher 11. The battery hammer crusher 11 is used to perform the first hammer crushing operation on the material, and the shell hammer crusher 21 is used to perform the second hammer crushing operation on the material. The specific structure of the shell hammer crusher 21 will not be described in detail here.

[0063] Furthermore, the material vibrating shredder 12 includes a vibrating mounting frame 121, a vibrating chamber 122 connected to the vibrating mounting frame 121, and a vibrating motor 123 mounted on the vibrating chamber 122. The bottom of the mounting frame is in contact with the external ground and is used to support the vibrating chamber 122. The vibrating chamber 122 has a hollow tubular structure and is mounted on top of the vibrating mounting frame 121. One end of the vibrating chamber 122 is for feeding, and the other end is for discharging. The feeding end of the vibrating chamber 122 corresponds to the bottom discharge position of the battery hammer crusher 11. The vibrating motor 123 is fixed on the vibrating chamber 122, and the orientation of the vibrating motor 123 is different from that of the vibrating chamber 122. The vibrating motor 123 is used to generate vibration, which is then conveyed to the vibrating chamber 122, so that the material is dispersed by vibration during the conveying process in the vibrating chamber 122, ensuring the screening effect. In this embodiment, a rubber spring 125 is provided between the vibration mounting frame 121 and the vibration chamber 122. The rubber spring 125 is cylindrical in shape to absorb the impact load generated during the material distribution process in the vibration chamber 122, reduce the impact load on the vibration chamber 122, extend its service life, reduce noise, and ensure a good user experience.

[0064] Furthermore, the material vibrating shredder 12, the outer shell vibrating shredder 22, and the diaphragm vibrating shredder 33 have the same structure. The outer shell vibrating shredder 22 is used to disperse the material after the second hammer crushing operation of the outer shell hammer crusher 21. The diaphragm vibrating shredder 33 is used to disperse the material after the diaphragm crusher 32 is water-injected and crushed. The specific structures of the outer shell vibrating shredder 22 and the diaphragm vibrating shredder 33 will not be described in detail here.

[0065] Further, the first sorter 13 includes a sorting feed pipe 131, a sorting channel 132 connected to the sorting feed pipe 131, a suction pipe 133 connected to the sorting channel 132, a sorting hopper 134 connected to the suction pipe 133, a sorting fan 135 installed on the sorting hopper 134, and a circulation pipe 136 connected to the sorting fan 135. The sorting feed pipe 131 is a hollow tubular structure, and the end of the sorting feed pipe 131 is correspondingly arranged to the discharge end of the vibrating chamber channel 122; the sorting channel 132 is connected to the sorting feed pipe 131, and the material enters the sorting channel 132 through the sorting feed pipe 131. The sorting feed pipe 131 is located on one side of the sorting channel 132, the top end of the sorting channel 132 is connected to the suction pipe 133, and the bottom end of the sorting channel 132 is connected to the first discharge port 137; The suction pipe 133 is a hollow cylindrical tube. One end of the suction pipe 133 is connected to the top of the sorting channel 132, and the other end is fixedly connected to the top of the sorting hopper 134. The sorting hopper 134 is a hollow structure, and its bottom end is connected to the second discharge port 138. The sorting fan 135 is fixed to the top of the sorting hopper 134 and is used to extract air from the sorting hopper 134 and transport it to... Inside the circulation pipe 136; the circulation pipe 136 is a hollow circular tube structure. One end of the circulation pipe 136 is connected to the sorting blower 135, and the other end is connected to the first discharge port 137. The air in the sorting hopper 134 is drawn out by the sorting blower 135, creating a relatively negative pressure environment in the sorting hopper 134. The airflow enters the sorting hopper 134 through the material distribution channel and the suction pipe 133, and then, in the sorting channel 132, the airflow... The material is screened. The heavier outer shell and electrode tabs cannot be moved by the airflow and fall directly into the first discharge port 137 at the bottom of the sorting channel 132. The lighter black powder and diaphragm are driven by the airflow and enter the sorting hopper 134 through the suction pipe, so that the black powder and diaphragm are discharged from the second discharge port 138 at the bottom of the sorting hopper 134. The circulation pipe 136 is used to form an airflow circulation loop in the first separator 13 to ensure the air screening operation of the material.

[0066] Furthermore, the sorting channel 132 is arranged in a sawtooth-shaped reciprocating bend to increase the length of the air screen and improve the air screen effect; the sorting feed pipe 131 and the second discharge port 138 are equipped with a fan 139 (the fan 139 is used at the material port under negative pressure, and relies on the rotating impeller to convey the material, and also to perform a sealing function to prevent air from being sucked in from the material port during pneumatic conveying). In this embodiment, a baffle 1340 is provided inside the sorting hopper 134. The baffle 1340 is arranged in a circular structure and surrounds the outside of the sorting blower 135. The baffle 1340 blocks the connection between the sorting blower 135 and the connection point of the circulation pipe 136 to the sorting hopper 134, so as to ensure that the black powder and diaphragm entering the sorting hopper 134 through the circulation pipe 136 will not be sucked into the sorting blower 135. At the same time, the airflow increases in cross-sectional size and decreases in wind speed after entering the sorting hopper 134, so that the black powder and diaphragm fall to the bottom of the sorting hopper 134 and are discharged from the second discharge port 138.

[0067] Furthermore, the second separator 23 has the same structure as the first separator 13. The first separator 13 is used to separate the outer shell tabs from the black powder diaphragm in the material. The second separator 23 is used to perform a second air sieving on the outer shell tabs that are air sieved out by the first separator 13, separating the outer shell tabs from the black powder attached to their surface, thereby improving the recovery rate of black powder.

[0068] Furthermore, the magnetic separator 24 includes a magnetic separation suspension 241, an exciter 242 connected to the magnetic separation suspension 241, a conveyor belt 243 surrounding the outside of the exciter 242, a drive wheel 244 and a driven wheel 245 disposed opposite to each other at both ends of the conveyor belt 243, and a magnetic separation drive member 246 connected to the drive wheel 244. The top of the magnetic separation suspension 241 is fixedly connected to the outside. The magnetic separation suspension 241 is suspended and fixed above the conveyor belt between the outer shell and the pole tabs after the second air screening. The exciter 242 is arranged in parallel with the aforementioned transmission belt. The exciter 242 is used to generate magnetic force to attract and fix iron onto the conveyor belt 243. The conveyor belt 243 can rotate relative to the exciter 242. The conveyor belt 243 is used to transport the magnetically separated iron. The driving wheel 244 and the driven wheel 245 are arranged in parallel on the inner side of the conveyor belt 243. The driving wheel 244 is used to drive the conveyor belt 243 to rotate, and the driven wheel 245 is used to tension the conveyor belt 243 to ensure the reliability of the connection between the driving wheel 244 and the conveyor belt 243. The magnetic separation drive 246 is connected to the driving wheel 244 by a belt. The magnetic separation drive 246 is used to drive the driving wheel 244 to rotate, thereby ensuring the conveyor belt 243 transports iron.

[0069] Furthermore, the screw conveyor 31 is positioned below the first separator 13 and the second separator 23. The screw conveyor 31 is used to transport the black powder and diaphragm screened out by the first separator 13 and the second separator 23. The screw conveyor 31 includes a conveyor housing 311, a conveyor shaft 312 passing through the conveyor housing 311, and a conveying drive component 313 connected to the conveyor shaft 312. The conveyor housing 311 has a hollow cylindrical structure. The interior of the conveyor housing 311 is used for material conveying. The conveyor housing 311 is provided with a first inlet 315 and a second inlet 316. The first inlet 315 is connected to the second discharge port 138 of the first separator 13, and the second inlet 316 is connected to the second discharge port 232 of the second separator 23. A corresponding discharge port 317 is also provided at the top of the conveyor housing 311 to convey the material to a designated location for discharge. The conveyor shaft 312 is arranged in a spiral structure, with the conveyor shaft 312 and the conveyor housing 311 facing the same direction. The conveyor shaft 312 is hinged to the conveyor housing 311, and the outer edge of the conveyor shaft 312 abuts against the inner wall of the conveyor housing 311. The conveyor shaft 312 moves the material inside the conveyor housing 311 from one end to the other by rotating. The conveyor drive 313 is fixed to one end of the conveyor housing 311 and is connected to the conveyor shaft 312. The conveyor drive 313 drives the conveyor shaft 312 to rotate relative to the conveyor housing 311. In this embodiment, the conveyor housing 311 is inclined relative to the horizontal plane to raise it to a certain height while conveying materials, thereby reducing the overall footprint of the equipment and lowering construction costs.

[0070] Furthermore, the diaphragm crusher 32 includes a crushing chamber 321, a crushing cutter 322 hinged within the crushing chamber 321, and a crushing drive component 323 connected to the crushing cutter 322. The crushing chamber 321 has a hollow structure, with material fed from the top and discharged from the bottom. A fixed crushing cutter 324 is disposed within the crushing chamber 321, surrounding the outside of the crushing cutter 322. The crushing cutter 322 can rotate relative to the crushing chamber 321, and the crushing cutter 322 and the fixed crushing cutter 324 cooperate to perform a cutting operation on the material within the crushing chamber 321. The crushing drive component 323 is disposed on one side of the crushing chamber 321, and is belt-connected to the crushing cutter 322, driving the crushing cutter 322 to rotate relative to the fixed crushing cutter 324. Furthermore, the crushing chamber 321 is equipped with a water injection hole 325. When the black powder and diaphragm material enter the crushing chamber 321, they will mix with water and become wet material. Since the density of water is between that of the diaphragm and the black powder, the wet material will have a better separation between its internal components. Then, the wet material will be cut by the crushing cutter 322 and the crushing fixed cutter 324, which will further improve the separation state between the diaphragm and the black powder, thereby increasing the recovery rate of the black powder.

[0071] Furthermore, a partition 326 is provided inside the crushing chamber 321. The partition 326 is located on the side of the water injection hole 325 away from the crushing cutter 322. The partition 326 has a straight plate structure and is used to block splashes during the cutting of wet materials, thereby preventing material leakage and ensuring the recovery rate of black powder. In this embodiment, the crushing chamber 321 includes an upper crushing chamber 327 and a lower crushing chamber 328. The upper crushing chamber 327 and the lower crushing chamber 328 are pivotally connected to each other. The upper crushing chamber 327 is provided with a feed pipe, and the lower crushing chamber 328 is provided with a discharge pipe. The crushing chamber 321 is configured as two halves that are pivotally connected to each other, which facilitates the maintenance of the internal components of the crushing chamber 321 and improves the user experience.

[0072] Furthermore, the diaphragm vibrating feeder 33 receives the material conveyed by the discharge pipe of the crushing lower silo 328. The diaphragm vibrating feeder 33 disperses the wet crushed material and then conveys the dispersed material to the rinsing machine 34. The rinsing machine 34 includes a water tank 341, a screw rod 342 installed at the bottom of the water tank 341, a first rinsing drive component 343 connected to the screw rod 342, a roller 344 installed at the top of the water tank 341, a lever 345 connected to the roller 344, and a second rinsing drive component 346 connected to the roller 344. The water tank 341 has a hollow structure and is filled with water. The wet-crushed material enters the water tank 341. Because the density of water is greater than that of the diaphragm, and less than that of the black powder and some copper-aluminum mixture, the diaphragm floats on top of the water after the material enters the water tank 341, while the black powder mixture sinks to the bottom. The spiral rod 342 is spirally arranged at the bottom of the water tank 341 and is hinged inside the water tank 341. The spiral rod 342 is used to transport the black powder mixture that has sunk to the bottom of the water tank 341. The first rinsing drive unit 343 is connected to the screw belt and is used to drive the screw... The rotating rod 342 rotates relative to the water tank 341 to ensure the conveying of the black powder mixture. The roller 344 has a cylindrical structure, with both ends hinged to the water tank 341, and can rotate relative to the water tank 341. The lever 345 has a long strip structure, and is arranged in the same direction as the roller 344. The lever 345 is spaced around the roller 344 and is used to push the diaphragm floating on the water surface to a designated position, thereby realizing the collection of the diaphragm. The second rinsing drive 346 is connected and fixed to the water tank 341, and is used to drive the roller 344 to rotate relative to the water tank 341. In this embodiment, there are two rollers 344, which are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the second rinsing drive 346, and the second rinsing drive 346 is connected to the rollers 344 by chain drive.

[0073] Furthermore, the material screened by the rinsing machine 34 is conveyed by a screw conveyor 347. There are two screw conveyors 347. One screw conveyor 347 is used to convey the diaphragm pushed out by the pusher block 345 for unified collection and processing of the screened diaphragm. The other screw conveyor 347 is set between the rinsing machine 34 and the fine hammer crusher 35 to convey the black powder mixture to the fine hammer crusher 35 for fine crushing.

[0074] Furthermore, the fine hammer crusher 35 includes a hammer crusher housing 351, a fine hammer cutter holder 352 disposed within the hammer crusher housing 351, a hammer body 353 hinged to the fine hammer cutter holder 352, a fine hammer fixed cutter (not shown) surrounding the outside of the fine hammer cutter holder 352, and a fine hammer drive member 355 connected to the fine hammer cutter holder 352. The hammer crusher housing 351 has a hollow structure, with top feeding and bottom discharge. The two ends of the precision hammer cutter holder 352 are hinged to the hammer crusher housing 351, allowing the precision hammer cutter holder 352 to rotate relative to the housing 351. The precision hammer fixed cutter is fixed inside the hammer crusher housing 351. The hammer body 353 is positioned between the precision hammer cutter holder 352 and the precision hammer fixed cutter, with the hammer body 353 spaced around the precision hammer cutter holder 352. One end of the hammer body 353 is hinged to the precision hammer cutter holder 352, and the other end extends towards the precision hammer fixed cutter. The precision hammer drive component 355 is belt-connected to the precision hammer cutter holder 352. The hammer holder 352 is used to drive the precision hammer blade holder 352 to rotate relative to the hammer crusher housing 351. The rotation of the precision hammer blade holder 352 drives the hammer body 353 to rotate. The hammer body 353 cooperates with the precision hammer fixed blade to finely crush the material. Since the hammer body 353 is hinged to the precision hammer blade holder 352, when crushing the material, the hammer body 353 can absorb the impact load generated during the crushing process by rotating relative to the precision hammer blade holder 352, thereby preventing the material from splashing and moving during the crushing process, ensuring that the material can be repeatedly crushed, thereby achieving fine crushing. After fine crushing the material, the black powder attached to copper and aluminum can be effectively reduced, thereby improving the recovery rate of black powder.

[0075] Furthermore, the screening machine 36 is used for screening materials after fine crushing. The screening machine 36 includes a screening box 361, a screening mesh 362 connected to the screening box 361, a screening vibrating element 363 mounted on the screening box 361, and a first screening port 364 and a second screening port 365 disposed on the screening box 361. The screening box 361 has a hollow rectangular structure, and its bottom plate is a straight plate. The screening mesh 362 has a straight plate structure and is fixed inside the screening box 361. The screening mesh 362 is arranged parallel to the bottom plate of the screening box 361. Smaller black powder particles can pass through the screening mesh 362 into the screening box 361, while larger copper and aluminum particles cannot pass through and are isolated on the screening mesh 362. The screening vibrating element 363 is fixed on the screening box 361. At the bottom of the screening box 361, the screening vibrating component 363 is used to drive the screening box 361 to vibrate, thereby driving the material on the screening mesh 362 to perform a screening operation; the bottom of the first screening port 364 is flush with the screening mesh 362, and the first screening port 364 is used to discharge the copper and aluminum on the screening mesh 362; the second screening port 365 is located at the bottom of the screening box 361, and the second screening port 365 is used to discharge the black powder that has passed through the screening mesh 362 and entered the screening box 361.

[0076] Please see Figure 13 The present invention also discloses a method for dry and wet treatment of waste batteries. Based on the above-mentioned dry and wet treatment system 100 for waste batteries, the method for dry and wet treatment of waste batteries includes:

[0077] Waste batteries are placed into battery hammer crusher 11 for the first crushing to obtain mixed battery material;

[0078] The mixed battery materials are conveyed into the material vibrating shredder 12 for dispersing.

[0079] The dispersed battery material is conveyed to the first sorter 13 for the first air screening. The shell and tabs that are screened out are discharged from the first discharge port 137 of the first sorter 13, and the diaphragm and black powder that are screened out are discharged from the second discharge port 138 of the first sorter 13.

[0080] The outer shell and the electrode tab discharged from the first discharge port 137 are conveyed into the outer shell hammer crusher 21 for a second hammer crushing;

[0081] The outer shell and the electrode tabs, after being crushed a second time, are conveyed to the outer shell vibrating shredder 22 for vibration and dispersion.

[0082] After being shaken apart, the outer shell and the electrode are conveyed to the second separator 23 for a second air screening. The outer shell and the electrode that are screened out are discharged from the first discharge port 231 of the second separator 23, and the black powder that is screened out is discharged from the second discharge port 232 of the second separator 23.

[0083] The outer shell and electrode tabs discharged from the first discharge port 231 are conveyed into the magnetic separator 24 to obtain screened iron and aluminum;

[0084] The diaphragm and black powder material discharged from the second discharge port 138 and the second discharge port 232 are conveyed to the screw conveyor 31, and the screw conveyor 31 conveys the diaphragm and black powder material to the diaphragm crusher 32 for water injection crushing.

[0085] The water-injected and crushed diaphragm and black powder are conveyed to the diaphragm vibrating shredder 33 for dispersing.

[0086] The shaken diaphragm and black powder are conveyed to the water tank 341 of the rinsing machine 34 for screening, resulting in a diaphragm floating on the water surface and a mixture of black powder sinking to the bottom.

[0087] The black powder mixture that sinks to the bottom of the water is conveyed to the fine hammer crusher 35 for fine crushing;

[0088] The finely crushed black powder mixture is fed to a vibrating screener 36 to obtain a copper-aluminum mixture and the filtered black powder.

[0089] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0090] The embodiments described above are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention patent. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of this invention patent should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A dry and wet treatment system for waste batteries, characterized in that, include: The sorting mechanism includes a battery hammer crusher, a material vibrating shredder connected to the battery hammer crusher, and a first sorter connected to the material vibrating shredder; the first sorter is provided with a first discharge port and a second discharge port. A dry screening mechanism; the dry screening mechanism includes a shell hammer crusher connected to the first discharge port, a shell vibrating shredder connected to the shell hammer crusher, a second separator connected to the shell vibrating shredder, and a magnetic separator connected to the second separator; the second separator is provided with a first discharge port and a second discharge port, and the magnetic separator is connected to the first discharge port; and A wet screening mechanism includes a screw conveyor connected to the second discharge port and the second outlet, a diaphragm crusher connected to the screw conveyor, a diaphragm vibrating feeder connected to the diaphragm crusher, a rinsing machine connected to the diaphragm vibrating feeder, a fine hammer crusher connected to the rinsing machine, and a screening machine connected to the fine hammer crusher. Water is pre-injected into the diaphragm crusher to crush the material in a wet environment, utilizing the density difference of water to assist in separating the diaphragm and black powder. The rinsing machine contains a screw rod and a deflector; the deflector collects floating diaphragms, and the screw rod conveys the sinking black powder to the fine hammer crusher. The fine hammer crusher reduces copper and aluminum adhesion to the black powder, and the screening machine then removes copper and aluminum impurities.

2. The waste battery dry and wet treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rinsing machine includes a water tank, a first rinsing drive unit connected to the spiral rod, a roller installed on the top of the water tank, and a second rinsing drive unit connected to the roller; the spiral rod is installed at the bottom of the water tank, the lever is connected to the roller, the first rinsing drive unit drives the spiral rod to rotate relative to the water tank, and the second rinsing drive unit drives the roller to rotate relative to the water tank.

3. The waste battery dry and wet treatment system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pusher blocks are arranged in the same direction as the rollers, and the pusher blocks are arranged at intervals around the rollers; there are two rollers, which are arranged opposite each other on both sides of the second rinsing drive member, and the second rinsing drive member is connected to the rollers on both sides by chain drive.

4. The waste battery dry and wet treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first sorter includes a sorting feed pipe, a sorting channel connected to the sorting feed pipe, a suction pipe connected to the sorting channel, a sorting hopper connected to the suction pipe, a sorting fan installed on the sorting hopper, and a circulation pipe connected to the sorting fan; the sorting feed pipe is located on one side of the sorting channel, the top of the sorting channel is connected to the suction pipe, the bottom of the sorting channel is connected to a first discharge port, and the bottom of the sorting hopper is connected to a second discharge port.

5. The waste battery dry and wet treatment system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The second sorter has the same structure as the first sorter; the sorting channel is arranged in a sawtooth-shaped reciprocating bend; relevant fans are installed on the sorting feed pipe and the second discharge port; and baffles are installed inside the sorting hopper.

6. The waste battery dry and wet treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery-powered hammer crusher includes a hammer crushing chamber, a hammer crushing rotary cutter hinged within the hammer crushing chamber, and a hammer crushing drive unit connected to the hammer crushing rotary cutter; a hammer crushing fixed cutter is provided inside the hammer crushing chamber, and the hammer crushing fixed cutter is arranged around the outside of the hammer crushing rotary cutter.

7. The waste battery dry and wet treatment system according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outer shell hammer crusher has the same structure as the battery hammer crusher; the hammer crushing chamber includes an upper hammer crushing chamber and a lower hammer crushing chamber that are pivotally connected to each other.

8. The waste battery dry and wet treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diaphragm crusher includes a crushing chamber, a crushing cutter hinged in the crushing chamber, and a crushing drive connected to the crushing cutter; a fixed crushing cutter is provided in the crushing chamber, and the fixed crushing cutter is arranged around the outside of the crushing cutter; a water injection hole is provided on the crushing chamber, and a partition is provided on the side of the water injection hole away from the crushing cutter.

9. The waste battery dry and wet treatment system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material vibrating shovel, the outer shell vibrating shovel, and the diaphragm vibrating shovel have the same structure; the material vibrating shovel includes a vibrating mounting frame, a vibrating chamber channel connected to the vibrating mounting frame, and a vibrating motor installed on the vibrating chamber channel.

10. A method for dry and wet treatment of waste batteries, characterized in that, Based on the waste battery dry and wet treatment system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the waste battery dry and wet treatment method includes: Waste batteries are placed into a battery crusher for the first crushing to obtain mixed battery materials; The mixed battery materials are conveyed into a vibrating material dispersing machine for dispersing. The dispersed battery material is conveyed to the first sorter for the first air screening. The shell and tabs that are screened out are discharged from the first discharge port of the first sorter, and the diaphragm and black powder that are screened out are discharged from the second discharge port of the first sorter. The outer shell and the electrode tab discharged from the first discharge port are conveyed into the outer shell hammer crusher for a second crushing. The outer shell and the electrode tabs, after being crushed a second time, are conveyed into the outer shell vibrating shredder for dispersing. After being shaken apart, the outer shell and the electrode are conveyed to the second separator for a second air screening. The outer shell and the electrode that are screened out by the air screening are discharged from the first outlet of the second separator, and the black powder that is screened out by the air screening is discharged from the second outlet of the second separator. The outer shell and electrode tabs discharged from the first outlet are conveyed into the magnetic separator to obtain screened iron and aluminum. The diaphragm and black powder material discharged from the second discharge port and the second outlet port are conveyed to the screw conveyor, and the screw conveyor conveys the diaphragm and black powder material to the diaphragm crusher for water injection and crushing. The water-injected and shredded diaphragm and black powder are conveyed to a diaphragm vibrating shredder for dispersing. The shaken diaphragm and black powder are transported to the water tank of the rinsing machine for sieving, resulting in a diaphragm floating on the water surface and a mixture of black powder sinking to the bottom. The black powder mixture that sinks to the bottom of the water is transported to a fine hammer crusher for fine crushing; The finely crushed black powder mixture is fed to a vibrating screener to obtain a copper-aluminum mixture and the filtered black powder.

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