A slit anti-solvent device for perovskite nucleation and its preparation method

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, and in particular to a slit anti-solvent device for perovskite nucleation and a preparation method thereof, including an anti-solvent container, a perovskite nucleation mechanism, a collection tank for collecting solvents, a negative pressure device, a first fluid commutation mechanism and a second fluid commutation mechanism. A cavity for forming a perovskite thin film is arranged in the perovskite nucleation mechanism. In this device, under vacuum negative pressure, the anti-solvent rapidly passes through the slit between the sample and the upper cover plate. This process can more effectively remove the precursor liquid solvent in the perovskite wet film. Different from the anti-solvent bath, no excess precursor solvent will remain on the surface of the sample.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, and particularly to a slit anti-solvent device for perovskite nucleation and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] The photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells has been increased to 25.7% within just ten years, showing strong application prospects. Due to its high efficiency, low cost, and simple process, perovskite solar cells have become a popular direction in the current new energy industry and are expected to replace crystalline silicon solar cells in the market in the future.

[0003] The perovskite layer is the most important layer in perovskite solar cells, which plays the role of absorbing photons, separating and transporting charges. At present, perovskite thin films are mainly prepared by a one-step solution method, and almost all high-efficiency perovskite thin films are prepared by spin-coating an anti-solvent (<1 cm 2 ), which obviously cannot meet the industrialization of perovskite solar cells. Large-area perovskite thin films are usually prepared by methods such as vacuum pumping, air blowing, and anti-solvent bath. However, the nucleation rate of perovskite wet films during vacuum pumping is too slow, and it is easy to form inferior perovskite thin films. It is also difficult to control the uniform nucleation of perovskite wet films during the air blowing process. The anti-solvent bath has the same principle as the spin-coating anti-solvent method, but during the process, the perovskite wet film usually undergoes excessive nucleation and film cracking due to the difficult rapid removal of the residual anti-solvent and precursor liquid solvent, and the anti-solvent bath will waste more reagents. In addition, the problem of environmental pollution caused by solvent volatilization also needs to be considered. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to solve the problem that the nucleation rate of the existing perovskite wet film is too slow during vacuum pumping, and it is easy to form inferior perovskite thin films, and it is also difficult to control the uniform nucleation of perovskite wet films during the air blowing process. Now, a slit anti-solvent device for perovskite nucleation and a preparation method thereof are provided.

[0005] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is: a slit anti-solvent device for perovskite nucleation, including an anti-solvent container, a perovskite nucleation mechanism, a collection tank for collecting solvents, a negative pressure device, a first fluid switching mechanism, and a second fluid switching mechanism. A cavity body for forming a perovskite thin film is arranged in the perovskite nucleation mechanism. An inlet and an outlet of the cavity body are arranged on the perovskite nucleation mechanism. The inlet is communicated with the anti-solvent container. The first fluid switching mechanism is respectively communicated with the outlet, the collection tank, and the second fluid switching mechanism. The first fluid switching mechanism is used to control the flow direction of the solvent at the outlet to the collection tank or the second fluid switching mechanism. The second fluid switching mechanism is respectively communicated with the negative pressure device and the collection tank. The second fluid switching mechanism is used to control the communication between the negative pressure device and the first fluid switching mechanism or the collection tank.

[0006] In some preferred embodiments, the cavity body has a liquid inlet area, a sample forming area, and a liquid outlet area arranged in sequence. The liquid inlet is communicated with the liquid inlet area, and the liquid outlet is communicated with the liquid outlet area.

[0007] In some preferred embodiments, the perovskite nucleation mechanism includes an upper cover plate, a slit gasket, and a lower bottom plate arranged in sequence.

[0008] In some preferred embodiments, a sample hole is formed in the slit gasket, and a sample groove is arranged at one end of the lower bottom plate close to the slit gasket. The upper cover plate, the sample hole, and the sample groove are correspondingly arranged to form a cavity body.

[0009] In some preferred embodiments, the sample hole includes a gasket liquid inlet end, a gasket sample area, and a gasket liquid outlet end in sequence. The sample groove includes a sample groove sample area and a sample groove liquid outlet end in sequence. The gasket liquid inlet end independently forms a liquid inlet area. The gasket sample area and the sample groove sample area are correspondingly arranged to form a sample forming area. The gasket liquid outlet end and the sample groove liquid outlet end form a liquid outlet area.

[0010] In some preferred embodiments, the upper cover plate, the slit gasket, and the lower bottom plate are detachably connected.

[0011] In some preferred embodiments, a rubber seal ring for sealing is arranged between the upper cover plate and the lower bottom plate, and the slit gasket is located within the rubber seal ring.

[0012] In some preferred embodiments, both the first fluid commutation mechanism and the second fluid commutation mechanism are two-position three-way electromagnetic commutation valves.

[0013] In some preferred embodiments, it further includes a first controller and a second controller. An electromagnetic valve is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the anti-solvent container and the liquid inlet. The first controller is connected to the electromagnetic valve and is used to control the electromagnetic valve. The second controller is respectively connected to the first fluid commutation mechanism and the second fluid commutation mechanism.

[0014] A preparation method using the above-mentioned slit anti-solvent device for perovskite nucleation is as follows:

[0015] S1. First, control the first controller to close the electromagnetic valve, and at the same time control the second controller to make the first fluid commutation mechanism conduct the liquid outlet and the collection tank, and make the second fluid commutation mechanism conduct the negative pressure device and the collection tank;

[0016] S2. Place the sample in the sample forming area of the cavity body;

[0017] S3. Start the negative pressure device to quickly create a negative pressure state inside the cavity. The solvent of the perovskite wet film slowly volatilizes under the negative pressure state, and the perovskite wet film completes film shaping.

[0018] S4. Control the first controller and open the solenoid valve. The anti-solvent enters the cavity through the liquid inlet under negative pressure. The anti-solvent is spread and covers the sample shaping area, then flows out through the liquid outlet and into the collection tank through the first fluid commutation mechanism.

[0019] S5. Control the first controller to close the solenoid valve, control the second controller to make the first fluid commutation mechanism conduct the liquid outlet and the second fluid commutation mechanism, and make the second fluid commutation mechanism conduct the negative pressure end of the negative pressure device and the first fluid commutation mechanism, and take away the residual anti-solvent on the surface of the cavity and the sample by negative pressure volatilization.

[0020] S6. Turn off the negative pressure device, and then take out the sample in the cavity above the perovskite nucleation mechanism. Thus, the large-area perovskite slit anti-solvent process is completed, and the perovskite wet film changes from light yellow to dark brown.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0022] 1. In this device, the anti-solvent quickly passes through the slit between the sample and the upper cover plate under vacuum negative pressure. This process can more effectively take away the precursor liquid solvent in the perovskite wet film. Different from the anti-solvent bath, there will be no excess precursor solvent remaining on the sample surface.

[0023] 2. Before passing the anti-solvent, the sample wet film is pre-treated under vacuum in this device. During this process, a small amount of the wet film solvent volatilizes under vacuum, and the surface viscosity of the wet film gradually becomes higher, and it is not easily washed away and deformed by the anti-solvent during the slit anti-solvent process.

[0024] 3. This device is equipped with a collection tank for collecting the anti-solvent. When the anti-solvent passes through the slit and the first channel and is collected into the collection tank without being sucked into the vacuum pump, the collected anti-solvent can be distilled and purified again for repeated use.

[0025] 4. A quantitative amount of the anti-solvent is poured into the anti-solvent liquid inlet, and the amount of the anti-solvent used each time can be adjusted arbitrarily. Compared with the anti-solvent bath, the slit anti-solvent nucleation can save a large amount of anti-solvent.

[0026] 5. After the slit anti-solvent process is completed, close the solenoid valve and the first channel, open the second channel, and the negative pressure is continuously maintained inside the device. The anti-solvent remaining on the sample surface and inside the pipeline quickly volatilizes under negative pressure, and the tail gas is discharged and collected from the air outlet end of the negative pressure device.

[0027] 6. The antisolvent of this device is used under sealed negative pressure. Finally, the excess antisolvent volatilizes and is discharged and collected from the air outlet end of the negative pressure device. This process avoids the contact of the antisolvent with the atmosphere, is suitable for the production of perovskite in the workshop air, and avoids air pollution.

[0028] 7. This device can be designed into different sizes to suit different sizes of samples, and the thickness of the slit gasket can also be designed into gaskets with different thicknesses according to requirements. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0029] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0030] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 is a top view of the perovskite nucleation mechanism in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 is Figure 2 the A-A cross-sectional view in

[0033] Figure 4 is Figure 3 the partial enlarged view of B in

[0034] Figure 5 is the exploded structural diagram of the perovskite nucleation mechanism in the present invention.

[0035] In the figure: 1. Antisolvent container, 2. Solenoid valve, 3. Upper cover plate, 4. Slit gasket, 5. Lower bottom plate, 6. Rubber ring, 7. Spring buckle, 8. First fluid commutation mechanism, 9. Second fluid commutation mechanism, 10. Collection tank; 11. Vacuum device, 12. First metal pipe, 13. Second metal pipe, 14. Third metal pipe, 15. Fourth metal pipe, 16. Double-pass liquid inlet, 17. Double-pass liquid outlet, 18. Three-way liquid inlet, 19. First liquid outlet, 20. Second liquid outlet, 21. First air inlet, 22. Second air inlet, 23. Three-way air outlet, 24. Liquid inlet, 25. Sample hole, 26. Gasket sample area, 27. Gasket liquid inlet end, 28. Gasket liquid outlet end, 29. Sample tank, 30. Sample tank sample area, 31. Sample tank liquid outlet end, 32. Liquid outlet, 33. First controller, 34. Second controller. Detailed Embodiment

[0036] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments:

[0037] The present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments. Those of ordinary skill in the art can implement the present invention in many other specific embodiments according to the content disclosed in the present invention. Or, any simple changes or modifications made by adopting the design structure and concept of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings. It is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, it cannot be understood as a limitation to the present invention. In addition, the terms "first", "second", etc. are only used for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the quantity of the indicated technical features. Thus, the features defined with "first", "second", etc. may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of such features. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

[0039] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "mounted", "connected" and "coupled" shall be understood in a broad sense. For example, it may be a fixed connection, a detachable connection or an integral connection; it may be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and it may be the communication inside two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood through specific situations.

[0040] Such as Figures 1-5As shown in the figure, a slit anti-solvent device for perovskite nucleation includes an anti-solvent container 1, a perovskite nucleation mechanism, a collection tank 10 for collecting the solvent, a negative pressure device, a solenoid valve 2, a first fluid switching mechanism, a second fluid switching mechanism, a first controller, and a second controller. The negative pressure device is a vacuum pump 11. A cavity for forming a perovskite thin film is provided inside the perovskite nucleation mechanism. An inlet 24 and an outlet 32 of the cavity are provided on the perovskite nucleation mechanism. The inlet is communicated with the anti-solvent container. The first fluid switching mechanism is respectively communicated with the outlet 32, the collection tank 10, and the second fluid switching mechanism. The first fluid switching mechanism is used to control the flow direction of the solvent at the outlet 32 to the collection tank 10 or the second fluid switching mechanism. The second fluid switching mechanism is respectively communicated with the negative pressure device and the collection tank 10. The second fluid switching mechanism is used to control the connection between the negative pressure device and the first fluid switching mechanism or the collection tank 10.

[0041] The perovskite nucleation mechanism includes an upper cover plate 3, a slit gasket 4, and a lower bottom plate 5. An inlet 24 penetrating the upper and lower surfaces is opened on the upper cover plate 3;

[0042] A through sample hole 25 is opened on the slit gasket 4. The sample hole 25 divides into a gasket inlet end 27, a gasket sample area 26, and a gasket outlet end 28 that are communicated with each other. The size of the gasket sample area 26 is the same as the sample size. The shapes of the gasket inlet end 27 and the outlet end 28 are symmetrical. The inlet 24 is located above the gasket inlet end 27;

[0043] A sample groove 29 and an outlet 32 are opened on the lower bottom plate 5. The depth of the sample groove 29 is the same as the sample thickness. The sample surface is flush with the lower bottom plate 5. The sample groove 29 is divided into a sample groove sample area 30 and a sample groove outlet end 31 that are communicated with each other. The size of the sample groove sample area 30 is the same as the sample size. The sample groove outlet end 31 is designed as a triangle according to the sample size. The size of the gasket outlet end 28 is the same as the size of the sample groove outlet end 31. The outlet 32 is located at the sample groove outlet end 31 and is communicated with each other, which is beneficial for the outlet 32 to better absorb the flowing anti-solvent. The outer ring of the bottom plate 3 is embedded with a rubber ring 6 to make the seal between the cover plate and the bottom plate better;

[0044] The rubber ring 6 and the slit gasket 4 are placed between the upper cover plate 3 and the lower bottom plate 5. The slit gasket 4 is located inside the rubber ring 6 and is used to ensure the seal between the upper cover plate 3 and the lower bottom plate 5. The upper cover plate 3, the slit gasket 4, and the lower bottom plate are compacted and sealed by a spring buckle 7. The gasket inlet end 27 independently forms an inlet area. The gasket sample area 26 and the sample groove sample area 30 correspond to form a sample forming area. And the size of the gasket outlet end 28 corresponds to the outlet area of the sample groove outlet end 31. The inlet area, the sample forming area, and the outlet area are arranged in sequence to form a cavity.

[0045] The solenoid valve 2 is a two-way valve. The solenoid valve 2 is provided with a two-way liquid inlet 16 and a two-way liquid outlet 17. Both the two-way liquid outlet 17 and the liquid inlet 24 are kept sealed by threaded connections. The two-way liquid inlet 16 and the anti-solvent container 1 are kept sealed by threaded connections. In particular, the solenoid valve 2 is controlled to be switched on and off by the first controller 33. After being powered on, it opens and allows the anti-solvent in the anti-solvent container 1 to enter the liquid inlet 24 through the solenoid valve 2.

[0046] Both the first fluid commutation mechanism and the second fluid commutation mechanism are two-position three-way valves. Among them, the one-inlet two-outlet three-way solenoid valve 8 at the first fluid commutation mechanism is provided with a three-way liquid inlet 18, a first liquid outlet 19 and a second liquid outlet 20. The three-way liquid inlet 18 and the liquid outlet 32 on the lower bottom plate 5 are kept sealed by threaded connections. The first liquid outlet 19 and the first metal tube 12 are kept sealed by threaded connections. The second liquid outlet 20 and the third metal tube 14 are kept sealed by threaded connections;

[0047] The two-inlet one-outlet three-way solenoid valve 9 at the second fluid commutation mechanism is provided with a three-way gas outlet 23, a first gas inlet 21 and a second gas inlet 22. The second gas inlet 22 and the third metal tube 14 are kept sealed by threaded connections. The first gas inlet 21 and the second metal tube 13 are kept sealed by threaded connections. The three-way gas outlet 23 and the fourth metal tube 15 are kept sealed by threaded connections. The other end of the fourth metal tube 15 is kept sealed by threaded connections with the vacuum pump 11. The first metal tube 12 and the second metal tube 13 are inserted into the collection tank 10 and are kept sealed at the connection between them by a welding seam. In particular, the insertion depth of the first metal tube 12 is much greater than that of the second metal tube 13;

[0048] In particular, the one-inlet two-outlet three-way solenoid valve 8 at the first fluid commutation mechanism and the two-inlet one-outlet three-way solenoid valve 9 at the second fluid commutation mechanism are controlled by the second controller 34. When powered off, the first liquid outlet 19 and the first gas inlet 21 are opened, and the first channel between the first liquid outlet 19 and the first gas inlet 21 remains unblocked; when powered on, the second liquid outlet 20 and the second gas inlet 22 are opened, and the second channel between the second liquid outlet 20 and the second gas inlet 22 remains unblocked.

[0049] A preparation method of a slit anti-solvent device using the above-mentioned perovskite nucleation, the specific operation steps are as follows:

[0050] S1. First, control the first controller to close the solenoid valve 2, and at the same time control the second controller 34 to make the first fluid commutation mechanism conduct the liquid outlet 24 and the collection tank 10, and make the second fluid commutation mechanism conduct the negative pressure device and the collection tank 10;

[0051] S2. Place the sample in the sample forming area of the cavity body;

[0052] S3. Start the negative pressure device to quickly form a negative pressure state inside the cavity. The solvent of the perovskite wet film slowly volatilizes under the negative pressure state, and the perovskite wet film completes film shaping.

[0053] S4. Control the first controller 33 and open the solenoid valve 2. The anti-solvent enters the cavity through the liquid inlet under negative pressure. The anti-solvent is spread and covers the sample shaping area, and then flows out through the liquid outlet 32 and into the collection tank 10 through the first fluid commutation mechanism.

[0054] S5. Control the first controller 33 to close the solenoid valve 2, control the second controller 34 to make the first fluid commutation mechanism conduct the liquid outlet 32 and the second fluid commutation mechanism, and make the second fluid commutation mechanism conduct the negative pressure end of the negative pressure device and the first fluid commutation mechanism, and take away the remaining anti-solvent on the surface of the cavity and the sample by negative pressure volatilization.

[0055] S6. Turn off the negative pressure device, and then take out the sample in the cavity above the perovskite nucleation mechanism. Thus, the large-area perovskite slit anti-solvent process is completed, and the perovskite wet film changes from light yellow to dark brown.

[0056] When the perovskite nucleation slit anti-solvent device and its preparation method of the present invention are in use, turn off the first controller 33 and the second controller 34, close the solenoid valve 2, open the first liquid outlet 19 and the first air inlet 21, and keep the first channel unblocked; lift the upper cover plate 3, place the sample in the sample area 30 of the sample tank, adjust the position of the slit gasket 4, and cover the cover plate 3 to align with the lower bottom plate 5; after turning on the vacuum pump 11, a negative pressure state is quickly formed between the upper cover plate 3 and the lower bottom plate 5, and the spring buckle 7 is fastened; the solvent of the perovskite wet film slowly volatilizes under the negative pressure state, and the perovskite wet film completes film shaping; add a certain amount of anti-solvent to the anti-solvent container 1, turn on the first controller 33, and the anti-solvent quickly passes through the solenoid valve 2 and the liquid inlet under negative pressure. The anti-solvent is spread and covers the gasket sample area 26 at the liquid inlet end of the gasket, and finally converges to the gasket liquid outlet end 28 and the sample tank liquid outlet end 31, flows out through the liquid outlet 32, passes through the one-in-two-out three-way solenoid valve 8 at the first fluid commutation mechanism, and flows into the collection tank 10 through the first metal tube 12. Since the insertion depth of the first metal tube 12 is much greater than that of the second metal tube 13, the anti-solvent will not be sucked into the vacuum pump 11; close the first controller 33 and the solenoid valve 2; turn on the second controller 34, close the first liquid outlet 19 and the first air inlet 21, open the second liquid outlet 20 and the second air inlet 22, keep the second channel unblocked, and the remaining anti-solvent at the liquid inlet 24, the sample hole 25, the sample tank 29, the liquid outlet 32 and the sample surface is quickly volatilized and taken away under negative pressure; then open the spring buckle 7, turn off the vacuum pump 11, open the upper cover plate 3, take out the sample. Thus, the large-area perovskite slit anti-solvent process is completed, and the perovskite wet film changes from light yellow to dark brown, and subsequent processing steps can be carried out.

[0057] Based on the inspiration of the ideal embodiments of the present invention, through the above description, relevant staff can completely make various changes and modifications without departing from the technical idea of this invention. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the content in the specification, and its technical scope must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A slit anti-solvent device for perovskite nucleation, characterized in that: It includes an anti-solvent container, a perovskite nucleation mechanism, a collection tank for collecting the solvent, a negative pressure device, a first fluid commutation mechanism, and a second fluid commutation mechanism. A cavity for forming a perovskite thin film is provided in the perovskite nucleation mechanism. The perovskite nucleation mechanism is provided with an inlet and an outlet of the cavity. The inlet is communicated with the anti-solvent container. The first fluid commutation mechanism is respectively communicated with the outlet, the collection tank, and the second fluid commutation mechanism. The first fluid commutation mechanism is used to control the flow direction of the solvent at the outlet to the collection tank or the second fluid commutation mechanism. The second fluid commutation mechanism is respectively communicated with the negative pressure device and the collection tank. The second fluid commutation mechanism is used to control the connection between the negative pressure device and the first fluid commutation mechanism or the collection tank; The cavity has a liquid inlet area, a sample forming area, and a liquid outlet area arranged in sequence. The inlet is communicated with the liquid inlet area, and the outlet is communicated with the liquid outlet area; The perovskite nucleation mechanism includes an upper cover plate, a slit gasket, and a lower bottom plate arranged in sequence; A sample hole is formed in the slit gasket. A sample groove is provided at one end of the lower bottom plate close to the slit gasket. The upper cover plate, the sample hole, and the sample groove are correspondingly arranged to form a cavity; 2. The slit anti-solvent device for perovskite nucleation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sample hole includes a gasket liquid inlet end, a gasket sample area, and a gasket liquid outlet end arranged in sequence. The sample groove includes a sample groove sample area and a sample groove liquid outlet end arranged in sequence. The gasket liquid inlet end independently forms a liquid inlet area. The gasket sample area and the sample groove sample area are correspondingly arranged to form a sample forming area. The gasket liquid outlet end and the sample groove liquid outlet end form a liquid outlet area; 3. The slit anti-solvent device for perovskite nucleation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper cover plate, the slit gasket, and the lower bottom plate are detachably connected; 4. The slit anti-solvent device for perovskite nucleation according to claim 3, wherein: A rubber ring for sealing is arranged between the upper cover plate and the lower bottom plate. The slit gasket is located inside the rubber ring; 5. The slit anti-solvent device for perovskite nucleation according to claim 1, wherein: Both the first fluid commutation mechanism and the second fluid commutation mechanism are two-position three-way electromagnetic commutation valves; 6. The slit anti-solvent device for perovskite nucleation according to claim 5, wherein: It further includes a first controller and a second controller. An electromagnetic valve is arranged on the connecting pipeline between the anti-solvent container and the inlet. The first controller is connected to the electromagnetic valve and is used to control the electromagnetic valve. The second controller is respectively connected to the first fluid commutation mechanism and the second fluid commutation mechanism; 7. A preparation method of a slit anti-solvent device using perovskite nucleation as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The specific operation steps are as follows: S1. First, control the first controller to close the electromagnetic valve, and at the same time control the second controller to make the first fluid commutation mechanism conduct the outlet and the collection tank, and make the second fluid commutation mechanism conduct the negative pressure device and the collection tank; S2. Place the sample in the sample forming area of the cavity; S3. Start the negative pressure device to quickly form a negative pressure state in the cavity. The solvent of the perovskite wet film slowly volatilizes under the negative pressure state, and the perovskite wet film completes film shaping; S4. Control the first controller to open the electromagnetic valve. The anti-solvent enters the cavity under negative pressure through the inlet. The anti-solvent is unfolded and spreads over the sample forming area, and then flows out through the outlet and flows into the collection tank through the first fluid commutation mechanism; S5. Control the first controller and close the solenoid valve, control the second controller, and cause the first fluid switching mechanism to connect the liquid outlet and the second fluid switching mechanism, and cause the second fluid switching mechanism to connect the negative pressure end of the negative pressure device and the first fluid switching mechanism, and volatilize and remove the remaining anti-solvent in the cavity body and on the sample surface through negative pressure; S6. Turn off the negative pressure device, and then take out the sample in the cavity above the perovskite nucleation mechanism. Thus, the large-area perovskite slit anti-solvent process is completed, and the perovskite wet film changes from light yellow to dark brown.

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