Traction battery and motor vehicle with a guiding device for the fluid volume flow

Abstract

The invention relates to a traction battery having a battery tray, a plurality of battery modules arranged in the battery tray, a battery cover and a ventilation element for ventilating and / or venting the traction battery, wherein each battery module has a safety valve, wherein the traction battery has a guiding device, which is at least partially permeable to a specified fluid volume flow rate in a regular manner, for deflecting the specified fluid volume flow rate flowing from the safety valve toward the ventilation element, and the traction battery has a venting channel extending from the guiding device to the ventilation element.

Description

[0001] This invention relates to a traction battery having a guiding device for fluid volume flow rate, and to a motor vehicle.

[0002] The present invention relates in particular to a traction battery having a guiding device that allows at least a portion of a specified fluid volume flow rate to be regularly passed through for deflecting the specified fluid volume flow rate flowing from a safety valve toward a ventilation element, wherein the traction battery also has an exhaust passage extending from the guiding device to the ventilation element.

[0003] In hybrid electric vehicles and / or electric vehicles, electrochemical energy storage devices with high voltage levels and / or high energy densities are mostly used, especially in the form of lithium-ion batteries, where the storable energy per unit volume (energy density) increases with the further development of the electrochemical energy storage devices used.

[0004] In electrochemical energy storage devices, particularly lithium-ion batteries with liquid, solid, or combined electrolytes, a localized short circuit in the internal electrodes can cause the short-circuit current to heat the surrounding environment near the short-circuit point through internal resistance, affecting the surrounding area. This process can escalate and release the energy stored in the battery, especially stored electrical and chemical energy, as heat within a short period. This exponential heat release is technically termed thermal irreversible escalation or thermal runaway, or more commonly, a thermal event.

[0005] The thermal stability of electrochemical energy storage devices is usually inversely proportional to the energy stored per unit volume, which means that thermal stability is becoming increasingly important in the development of new electrochemical energy storage devices.

[0006] Existing traction batteries have multiple battery modules, each containing one or more electrochemical cells. Many known traction batteries are not equipped with safety elements to prevent the erroneous propagation of thermal events.

[0007] If a thermal event occurs in one of the traction battery modules, the released heat can be transferred to adjacent modules. This means that adjacent modules and / or individual cells may also heat up until irreversible thermal escalation begins. Energy can be transferred both through direct thermal conduction between modules and indirectly through fluids that may flow out of the modules. Whether and how the fluid comes into contact with other modules after leaving one is crucial. Therefore, a thermal event in one module typically carries the risk of a cascading effect, potentially leading to the complete failure of the traction battery.

[0008] To reduce the likelihood of such a chain reaction, appropriate measures can be provided to reduce heat flow from one battery module to an adjacent battery module in the event of a thermal event, which is also applicable to increasing the safety and availability of traction batteries.

[0009] The purpose of this invention is to provide an improvement or alternative to the existing technology. Preferably, this involves reducing or preventing the transfer of heat energy to other battery modules via the fluid volumetric flow rate that may flow out of one battery module.

[0010] According to a first aspect of the present invention, the solution for achieving the above-mentioned objective is a traction battery having

[0011] - Battery tray

[0012] - Multiple battery modules arranged in the battery tray

[0013] Each battery module has at least one safety valve.

[0014] - Battery cover, and

[0015] - Ventilation elements used for ventilating and / or exhausting traction batteries.

[0016] in

[0017] - The traction battery has a guiding device that allows at least a portion of a specified fluid volume flow rate to be regularly passed through, for deflecting the specified fluid volume flow rate exiting the safety valve toward the ventilation element.

[0018] -The traction battery has an exhaust channel that extends from the guide device to the ventilation element.

[0019] The relevant terms are explained below:

[0020] First, it should be clearly pointed out that within the scope of this patent application, if the corresponding context does not explicitly state, or is obvious to a person skilled in the art, or is technically required to be "exactly one...", "exactly two...", etc., then indefinite articles such as "one" and "two" and numerical data should generally be understood as "at least" data, that is, "at least one...", "at least two...", etc.

[0021] Within the scope of this patent application, the term "in particular" always refers to the introduction of optional, preferred features by way of this term. This term should not be construed as "exactly" or "that is to say".

[0022] "Traction battery" refers to an electrochemical energy storage device. Preferably, the traction battery is suitable for installation in electric vehicles and / or hybrid vehicles, and is suitable for driving electric vehicles and / or hybrid vehicles. The traction battery comprises multiple electrochemical battery modules.

[0023] The traction battery preferably has other parts or components that are necessary or beneficial to the operation of the traction battery, wherein these other parts or components are preferably arranged within the battery casing of the traction battery.

[0024] "Battery module" refers to a component of a traction battery, wherein the battery module has at least one or more electrochemical cell units.

[0025] The battery module preferably has an electrolyte barrier that surrounds the reactive material of the battery module.

[0026] In addition, the battery module preferably has a safety valve.

[0027] According to a preferred embodiment, the battery module has multiple electrolyte barriers, each electrolyte barrier having a separate safety valve and respectively surrounding a portion of the reactive material of the battery module, wherein each electrolyte barrier also preferably surrounds one or more battery cells.

[0028] A "safety valve" is a valve configured to protect a battery module from unacceptable pressure increases. The safety valve opens when the defined response pressure within the battery module is exceeded or when the response pressure difference between the battery module and its surrounding environment is reached. By opening the safety valve, the battery module is depressurized, preferably before its structural integrity is compromised.

[0029] If overpressure occurs in a battery module equipped with a safety valve, the safety valve opens and the fluid volumetric flow rate first exits the battery module and enters the battery casing. This reduces the pressure inside the battery module. Depending on the type of battery cell and / or battery module, and particularly the type of electrolyte used in the battery cell and / or battery module, the specified discharge fluid volumetric flow rate can be a specified fluid volumetric flow rate with different aggregation states, especially a gas, gas mixture, aerosol, and / or particulate flow.

[0030] In particular, it is conceivable that, under specific boundary conditions, the specified fluid volumetric flow rate is flammable, meaning that its chemical energy can be converted into thermal energy in an exothermic reaction.

[0031] The safety valve preferably has a rupture diaphragm, wherein the rupture diaphragm is configured to rupture irreversibly under a defined pressure differential between its two sides, allowing fluid volumetric flow rate to pass through the rupture diaphragm after rupture. In this way, the battery module can be advantageously protected from harmful negative pressure and / or overpressure.

[0032] A "cell battery" refers to an electrochemical energy storage device that has electrode arrangements with cathode and anode contact elements. In this case, the cathode and anode are preferably constructed in multiple layers inside the cell, wherein the layers are stacked alternately and electrically isolated from each other by suitable separators.

[0033] "Fluid volumetric flow rate" refers to the flow of matter. Fluid volumetric flow rate represents how much volume of fluid is transported through a defined cross-section in each time period.

[0034] "Specified fluid volumetric flow rate" refers to the fluid volumetric flow rate that occurs when the safety valve of the battery module is opened.

[0035] The specified fluid volume flow rate from the safety valve is also a heat flow, as the battery module has been preheated due to a thermal event.

[0036] If components of the battery module and / or at least one battery cell have been preheated and decomposed due to a thermal event, the specified fluid volumetric flow rate may in particular have a particle flow.

[0037] "Battery casing" refers to a solid sheath used for traction batteries, which is configured to protectively surround the traction battery assembly housed within the battery casing.

[0038] The battery casing preferably consists of a battery tray and a battery cover, wherein the battery tray and battery cover can be connected to each other by means of material bonding, shape matching, or force locking, or are designed to be connected to each other.

[0039] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, other components, particularly plate elements and / or venting units, can be added to the battery casing.

[0040] The battery casing preferably has at least one exhaust unit configured for traction battery ventilation and / or exhaust, and it has both a guiding device and an exhaust passage. The exhaust unit preferably also has at least one ventilation element for exchanging material flow between the internal space of the battery casing and its surrounding environment. Preferably, the exhaust unit can be connected to the battery tray and / or battery cover by means of material bonding, form fitting, or force locking.

[0041] The battery casing preferably has multiple exhaust units, each of which preferably has at least one ventilation element.

[0042] "Battery tray" refers to the housing component of a traction battery. A battery tray is specifically configured to house the battery modules and / or individual cells of the traction battery, thereby protecting these components and / or at least indirectly securing them to the motor vehicle.

[0043] According to a preferred embodiment, a battery tray with a generally planar structure comprising one or more generally planar planes is also conceivable, wherein at least one plane of the battery tray is configured to accommodate battery modules and / or individual battery cells of the traction battery, such that these components can be secured to the motor vehicle at least indirectly by means of the battery tray. The battery housing of the battery tray implemented in this way is preferably supplemented by a battery cover having a complementary shape, which, in conjunction with the battery tray, is advantageously configured to protect the battery modules and / or individual battery cells from external influences.

[0044] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, it is also conceivable that the battery tray has ventilation elements.

[0045] A "battery cover" refers to a component of the battery casing that is configured to enclose the battery tray. The battery cover is preferably configured to function as a removable closure of the battery tray. The battery cover is preferably shaped to complement the corresponding battery tray, thereby being configured to protect components housed within the battery casing from external influences, particularly to protect the battery module and / or individual battery cells from external influences.

[0046] The battery cover is preferably configured to house the traction battery.

[0047] In such a particularly preferred embodiment, the battery cover may be configured to house the battery module and / or individual battery cells of the traction battery, thereby protecting these components and / or at least indirectly securing them to the motor vehicle.

[0048] In other words, specifically, a traction battery can be envisioned, which is configured to house and protect the battery modules and / or individual battery cells both in a battery tray and a battery cover. In this case, in the designated mounting position of the traction battery, the lower housing component is called the battery tray, and the upper housing component is called the battery cover.

[0049] The battery cover preferably has a ventilation element.

[0050] "Ventilation element" refers to a component or assembly configured to ventilate and / or exhaust the battery casing. The ventilation element can allow material flow between the internal space of the battery casing and the surrounding environment at any time. However, it is also conceivable that the ventilation element allows material flow only under specific boundary conditions, specifically only when the pressure difference between the internal space of the battery casing and the surrounding environment exceeds a defined limit.

[0051] Preferably, the ventilation element has a semi-permeable membrane.

[0052] A "semi-permeable membrane" refers to a partially permeable wall that allows particles smaller than the defined size of the membrane to pass through, while particles larger than the defined size cannot pass through.

[0053] A semipermeable membrane preferably refers to a membrane that allows gas exchange, particularly air exchange, while the membrane is impermeable to liquids, particularly water, at least up to a membrane-related pressure difference between the two surfaces of the membrane, particularly up to 0.05 bar, preferably up to 0.1 bar, and especially preferably up to 0.2 bar.

[0054] Preferably, the ventilation element has a rupture membrane. Furthermore, the ventilation element preferably has a semi-permeable membrane and a rupture element, particularly in the form of a semi-permeable rupture membrane.

[0055] The rupture membrane within the ventilation element is configured to rupture irreversibly under a defined pressure differential across it, allowing a specified fluid volume flow rate to flow from the internal space of the battery casing through the rupture membrane into the surrounding environment after rupture. In this way, the battery casing can be advantageously protected from harmful negative and / or overpressure conditions.

[0056] In summary, the ventilation element, in the form of a semi-permeable burst membrane, prevents moisture from entering the internal space of the battery casing during normal operation of the traction battery, while ensuring ventilation and / or exhaust of the battery casing. Furthermore, under rapid pressure increases exceeding the burst pressure differential, the ventilation element will irreversibly burst, thus not jeopardizing the structure of the battery casing. Preferably, this ventilation element is replaceable.

[0057] "Guiding device" refers to a device configured to deflect a specified fluid volume flow rate into an exhaust channel, wherein, by means of a favorable hydrodynamic design, the specified fluid volume flow rate preferably does not initially accumulate before and / or within the guiding device.

[0058] In other words, the guiding device is configured to guide and deflect a specified fluid volumetric flow rate, ideally while minimizing the total pressure loss of the specified fluid volumetric flow rate.

[0059] A “regularly permeable” guiding device refers to a guiding device having a regularly permeable cross section between its relatively staggered components, particularly between plates and / or deflecting elements and / or deflecting blades, through which a specified fluid volume flow rate can pass.

[0060] One or more elements of the guiding device are preferably designed such that, along the direct projection direction, above one or each safety valve, there is a cross section that allows a specified fluid volume flow rate to pass freely.

[0061] The guiding device is preferably designed such that the specified fluid volume flow rate preferably and / or mainly flows out of the guiding device in a manner toward the ventilation element.

[0062] Preferably, the guiding device is provided and / or designed such that fluid separation of the specified fluid volume flow rate is prevented at the guiding device before the specified fluid volume flow rate reaches the specified outlet edge of the guiding device oriented towards the ventilation element.

[0063] The guiding device proposed herein is preferably designed in terms of hydrodynamics such that the specified hot fluid volumetric flow rate and heat flow are difficult to flow back into the barrier region between the battery module and the guiding device.

[0064] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the guide device is a stamped part made of metal or a molded part made of plastic containing metal and / or mica, thereby advantageously improving the heat resistance of the guide device.

[0065] The “barrier zone” refers to the area extending between the guide device and those battery modules that are not thermally upgraded or have not undergone thermal upgrades.

[0066] The barrier area is preferably configured to house an insulation layer consisting of a gas volume that is colder than the specified fluid volume flow rate.

[0067] Unlike the barrier area, the "inflow area" refers to the area between the battery module undergoing thermal upgrade or the already thermally upgraded battery module and the guiding device.

[0068] Preferably, the inflow area and the barrier area are demarcated by the volumetric flow rate of the fluid leaving the safety valve in a specified manner.

[0069] Preferably, the inflow area is relatively small compared to the barrier area.

[0070] Preferably, the specified fluid volume flow rate of the battery module undergoing or having undergone thermal upgrading first flows into the inflow area from the safety valve.

[0071] Preferably, the guiding device and / or at least one element of the guiding device, particularly the plate and / or deflecting element and / or deflecting blade, has a trailing edge, i.e., the geometry of the guiding device and / or the element of the guiding device along the downstream of the specified fluid volume flow rate, which is designed so that the specified fluid volume flow rate flows out tangentially from the geometry, i.e., without bypassing the flow path.

[0072] The trailing edge is preferably implemented with a relatively sharp edge, that is, in particular, not roughly rounded.

[0073] The guiding device proposed herein is preferably formed of fiber-reinforced plastic, particularly based on polyamide. In addition to guiding devices that are essentially made of plastic, embodiments in which the guiding device is filled with fibers and / or has glass fibers and / or has carbon fibers and / or has natural fibers are also preferred.

[0074] Preferably, the guiding device proposed herein can be integrated into the battery cover or other existing structural elements made of plastic.

[0075] Preferably, the guiding device described herein can be manufactured by plastic pressing or injection molding. In some embodiments, the guiding device described herein can also be advantageously produced by metal die casting.

[0076] The “deflection” of a specified fluid volumetric flow rate refers to a directional change of at least 30°, preferably at least 50°, and especially at least 70° relative to the specified direction of departure from the safety valve.

[0077] Preferably, the deflection of the specified fluid volumetric flow rate is approximately 90° under the interaction with the exhaust channel, more preferably 90°, and even more preferably greater than 90°.

[0078] "Exhaust channel" refers to an unobstructed channel through which a specified fluid volume flow rate can flow freely. The channel is formed by side walls and a guide device, wherein the exhaust channel leads from the guide device to the ventilation element, so that the specified fluid volume flow rate is introduced into the exhaust channel through the guide device, guided from the exhaust channel to the ventilation element, and can escape into the surrounding environment of the traction battery through the ventilation element.

[0079] Specifically, the exhaust passage spatially separates the area within the exhaust passage from another area within the traction battery where the battery cells are mainly arranged, but the exhaust passage has one or more openings that regularly allow flow between the two areas.

[0080] To date, traction batteries with safety valves within the battery module are known in the prior art, enabling the release of a specified fluid volume flow rate from the battery module in the event of overpressure, particularly due to thermal events within the battery module. This fluid volume flow rate initially flows into the free volume surrounding the battery module within the internal space of the battery casing.

[0081] Even in the prior art, battery casings with ventilation elements for ventilating and / or venting the free volume of the traction battery's internal space are known, and the specified fluid volume flow rate is initially distributed primarily and entirely within the free volume of the traction battery's internal space before flowing out from the free volume of the battery casing, depending on the possible boundary conditions of the ventilation elements.

[0082] In existing traction battery implementations, it can be observed that a specified fluid volumetric flow rate, also carrying heat, dissipates this heat to adjacent battery modules to a considerable extent. This causes adjacent and / or offset battery modules to heat up further, potentially leading to corresponding thermal events in these modules as well. This can trigger a chain reaction, potentially causing complete failure of the traction battery.

[0083] Furthermore, in the prior art, traction batteries are known to have a second safety valve located above the battery module, which is functionally associated with the safety valve of the battery module. This second safety valve is designed to prevent a specified fluid volume flow rate from flowing back to the adjacent battery module. However, this first requires reinflating the pressure in the area between the safety valve of the battery module and the second safety valve located above, so that the specified fluid volume flow rate is initially calmed, loses kinetic energy to generate additional heat, and may therefore flow out of the traction battery more slowly.

[0084] The heat flow transferred from a given fluid volumetric flow rate to an adjacent battery module also depends on the local proximity of the given fluid volumetric flow rate and heat flow to the adjacent battery module, as well as the residence time of the given fluid volumetric flow rate and heat flow within the battery casing.

[0085] In this regard, the specified fluid volume and heat flow out of the battery casing particularly quickly, thereby reducing the possibility of chain reactions and thus improving the availability of the traction battery.

[0086] By providing the guiding device described herein within the battery casing, the kinetic energy of a specified fluid volume flow rate flowing from a safety valve located on the battery module can be ideally used to deflect the specified fluid volume flow rate and heat flow as quickly as possible toward the ventilation element, wherein, preferably, the fluid volume flow rate and heat flow are guided to the ventilation element through the exhaust channel in a manner that simultaneously moves as far away as possible from adjacent battery modules.

[0087] With the aid of the guiding device proposed herein, a specified fluid volume flow rate can be guided between the safety valve and the ventilation element located on the battery module with the least possible total pressure loss, so that the specified fluid volume flow rate and heat flow out of the battery casing as quickly as possible.

[0088] The guiding device is preferably configured such that a cross-sectional area through which the guiding device can be regularly passed and thus allowed to flow freely at a specified fluid volume flow rate is arranged in a manner corresponding to the fluid of the one or more safety valves, particularly along the projection direction of the one or more safety valves.

[0089] By guiding the fluid volumetric flow rate with minimal flow tube contraction and expansion, wherein rounded fluid deflection is implemented by the guiding device proposed herein, it is possible to reduce the overall low total pressure loss of a given fluid volumetric flow rate and heat flux.

[0090] In other words, with the aid of the guiding device proposed herein, when a specified fluid volume flow rate and heat flow out from the safety valve located on the battery module in the event of a thermal event, it is advantageous to discharge the specified fluid volume flow rate and heat flow from the inside of the battery casing as quickly as possible without prior transfer of critical heat to another battery module.

[0091] This can prevent a chain reaction caused by a thermal event in a battery module, or at least significantly reduce the likelihood of such a chain reaction.

[0092] Without a cascading effect, the non-thermal upgrade area of ​​the battery module can continue to be used, allowing the traction battery to continue operating despite capacity constraints.

[0093] Furthermore, compared to solutions known in the prior art, it advantageously reduces the number of additional components required to guide a specified fluid volume flow rate and heat flow. This also reduces the cost of testing and inspecting the traction element, as it requires no inspection or examination unless other valves, particularly a second safety valve, are installed.

[0094] Overall, this method can reduce the general energy input to adjacent battery modules, which reduces the likelihood of thermal chain reactions in the remaining battery modules, thereby also reducing the risk of fire and / or explosion.

[0095] In addition, it can delay or prevent the generation and spread of flames inside the battery casing, or at least reduce the probability of flames appearing inside the battery casing.

[0096] According to aspects of the invention presented herein, a traction battery is primarily envisioned, having a safety valve for each battery module, the safety valve corresponding hydrodynamically to a guiding device, such that the guiding device is configured to deflect the volumetric flow rate of fluid exiting the safety valve in a specified manner toward the at least one ventilation element. A battery module may have one or more battery cells. Multiple battery modules may particularly preferably be secured in a battery tray and / or battery cover.

[0097] As an alternative, the traction battery according to the present aspect of the invention has a plurality of safety valves for at least one battery module, these safety valves corresponding hydrodynamically to a guiding device, such that the guiding device is configured such that the volumetric flow rate of fluid exiting from each safety valve in a specified manner is deflected toward the at least one ventilation element. According to this alternative, a battery module may also have one or more battery cells. Particularly preferably, multiple battery modules may also be secured in a battery tray and / or battery cover.

[0098] According to a preferred embodiment, the guiding device has at least partially a plate, wherein at least one component of the plate's normal vector is aligned toward the ventilation element.

[0099] The relevant terms are explained below:

[0100] "Panel" refers to the flat, planar component area of ​​the guiding device.

[0101] The sheet metal preferably has no thickness distribution in its longitudinal direction. In other words, the sheet metal is preferably not an irregularly shaped part.

[0102] However, it is also conceivable that the plate has an irregular shape. In particular, for example, with regard to irregularly shaped plates, a teardrop shape is conceived, with its rounded end aligned with the safety valve, and the tapered tip of the teardrop aligned with the ventilation element.

[0103] A "normal vector" is a vector perpendicular to a surface or part of a surface, particularly the surface or part of a guiding device. A "component of the normal vector" refers to the directional component of the normal vector in a reference coordinate system, particularly a Cartesian reference coordinate system. One spatial direction of the reference coordinate system preferably points towards the ventilation element.

[0104] In other words, a guiding device is proposed herein, which at least partially has a non-irregular or irregular plate, wherein at least one component of the normal vector of the plate is directed toward a ventilation element, while another component of the normal vector is directed toward a safety valve.

[0105] By aligning the normal vectors of the required plates, it is advantageous to direct the specified fluid volume flow rate and heat flow from the safety valve toward the ventilation element.

[0106] If the panel has an irregular shape, it is required that the normal vector of at least one area of ​​the panel forming the guide device has one component aligned with the ventilation element, while the other component of the normal vector is aligned with the safety valve.

[0107] Compared to implementations using non-shaped plates, the droplet shape allows for the advantageous deflection of a specified fluid volume flow rate toward the ventilation element with less pressure loss.

[0108] The guiding device preferably has a deflection element, which is formed by a plurality of connected plates.

[0109] The relevant terms are explained below:

[0110] "Deflection element" refers to a specially shaped element of a guiding device, which is formed by multiple plates, particularly two plates, preferably three plates, and especially preferably more than three plates, wherein the plates are at an angle not equal to 180° to each other. In other words, two adjacent plates each form an edge on their contact line. Preferably, the edge is rounded, wherein, viewed from the direction of the specified fluid volume flow rate, the corresponding rounding transitions to a planar region on both sides.

[0111] In cross-section, the deflection element preferably has a broken line. Depending on the specific embodiment, the broken line has rounded corners.

[0112] The plates forming the deflection element are preferably connected as a single unit.

[0113] The elements proposed herein for the guiding device can advantageously guide a specified fluid volumetric flow rate along the deflection element through multiple directional changes. Therefore, compared to a plate-shaped guiding device, the directional changes are smaller, thereby reducing the total pressure loss of the specified fluid volumetric flow rate and heat flow.

[0114] Furthermore, deflection elements can advantageously achieve more complex directional guidance of a given fluid volume flow rate, thereby enabling responses to complex geometric boundary conditions within the traction cell. Complex geometric boundary conditions refer to geometries that cannot be described in two dimensions or by extension directions. Therefore, the imaginary centerline of the flow tube can have three-dimensional deflection, meaning it is not entirely located in a single arbitrary plane.

[0115] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the guide device has deflection blades.

[0116] The relevant terms are explained below:

[0117] The "deflector blade" has a body with a concave inner surface. In this case, the concave inner surface includes at least one bend, and is therefore designed to be segmented, wherein the radius of curvature along the longitudinal extension direction of the deflector blade is not necessarily constant. Alternatively or additionally, the concave inner surface may have at least one kink.

[0118] In this case, it is specified that the at least one deflecting blade, typically the concave inner side of the at least one deflecting blade, is oriented towards the ventilation element. In other words, the concave inner side of the at least one deflecting blade should face the ventilation element.

[0119] The guide device in the form of deflecting blades, as presented herein, can further advantageously reduce the total pressure loss of a specified fluid volume flow rate due to flow deflection, especially compared to plates or deflecting elements.

[0120] Preferably, the deflector blade is an irregularly shaped part.

[0121] The relevant terms are explained below:

[0122] The “unconventional” elements of the guiding device mean that the element, particularly the plate and / or deflector and / or deflector blade, has a varying thickness distribution in the direction from the safety valve to the ventilation element for a specified fluid volume flow rate.

[0123] The irregularly shaped elements of the guiding device preferably have a thickness distribution with a droplet profile.

[0124] Preferably, the shape of the irregularly shaped deflecting blade is similar to that of an arched bearing surface.

[0125] The inner side of the deflector blade can be considered the "pressure side" because the velocity reduction induced by the geometry-induced circulation on this side is less pronounced, leading to a local increase in static pressure acting on the blade due to the Bernoulli effect. In other words, the conservation of specific energy of a fluid element along a streamline means that a local decrease in velocity leads to an increase in pressure, and vice versa. The opposite effect occurs on the other side of the deflector blade. On this side, the local increase in velocity leads to a local decrease in static pressure; therefore, this side can also be called the suction side. The negative pressure on the suction side causes fluid to be drawn into the profile of the deflector blade, which also results in a change in the direction of the fluid.

[0126] In this way, by deflecting the specified fluid volume flow rate as evenly and gently as possible, it is advantageous to further reduce the total pressure loss, especially because a lower degree of turbulence can be achieved at the specified fluid volume flow rate, particularly compared to plates, deflecting elements, or non-shaped deflecting blades, which are potential components of the guiding device.

[0127] Therefore, using irregularly shaped deflector blades can greatly reduce the risk of thermal chain reactions.

[0128] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the guiding device has a cascade of plates and / or deflection elements and / or deflection blades.

[0129] The relevant terms are explained below:

[0130] "Blade" refers to a series of elements of a guiding device that are staggered to form a cross section between the elements, allowing a specified fluid volume flow rate to pass freely.

[0131] A blade cascade is preferably formed from multiple plates.

[0132] More preferably, a blade cascade is formed by a plurality of deflection elements.

[0133] Particularly preferably, a blade cascade is formed by multiple deflecting blades, particularly by multiple irregularly shaped deflecting blades.

[0134] It is also envisioned that a blade cascade can be formed from different elements. Accordingly, a blade cascade can be mainly formed from multiple deflecting blades and / or deflecting elements and / or plates.

[0135] The components of the guiding device are preferably arranged side by side and staggered from each other, and more preferably have the same spacing between each component.

[0136] However, it is also conceivable that the guiding device consists of leaf-like elements arranged at unequal intervals to respond to specific geometric boundary conditions within the traction battery casing.

[0137] The element blades of the guiding device are preferably designed such that, along the direct projection direction above the safety valve, there is a cross section that allows a specified fluid volume flow rate to pass freely.

[0138] The components of the guide device, which are arranged in the form of a cascade, preferably have the same size.

[0139] However, it is also conceivable to have blades with guide elements of different sizes, thereby enabling the lowest possible total pressure loss when deflecting a specified fluid volume flow rate.

[0140] In other words, an aerodynamically designed deflection grid for a guide device is proposed here, in the form of a cascade composed of elements of the guide device.

[0141] This allows for the efficient and targeted direction of a specified fluid volume flow to the ventilation element, independent of the safety valve it exits, thereby significantly reducing the risk of thermal cascading.

[0142] Alternatively, the exhaust passage extends above the guide device.

[0143] The relevant terms are explained below:

[0144] The term "exhaust passage extending 'above' the guide device" means that the exhaust passage is arranged above and on the other side of the guide device from the perspective of the battery module. "Above" does not necessarily mean above in terms of orientation in the state of installation in a motor vehicle, and is particularly unrelated to the direction of gravity / gravitational acceleration. That is, according to this aspect of the invention, the exhaust passage may also be arranged on the side and / or below, relative to the overall orientation in the installed state.

[0145] In other words, when the exhaust passage extends above the guide device, the guide device is configured to deflect the specified fluid volume flow rate from the direction of the safety valve toward the ventilation element.

[0146] Advantageously, this enables a very low total pressure loss of the specified fluid volume flow rate along its path between the safety valve and the ventilation element, especially because, based on geometric factors, the specified thermal fluid volume flow rate is deflected only slightly and therefore particularly efficiently toward the ventilation element.

[0147] Furthermore, it is advantageous to achieve that there is essentially no hot fluid volume flow rate flowing out of the safety valve in the barrier area between the battery module and the guiding device, thereby creating an insulating area between the specified hot fluid volume flow rate in the exhaust channel and the battery module, which is arranged on the side of the battery module from which the hot fluid volume flow rate flows out.

[0148] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the ratio of the free cross section between the two guiding elements to the cross section between the inflow region and at least one barrier region is greater than 1.

[0149] The ratio of the free cross section between the two guiding elements to the cross section between the inflow area and at least one barrier area is preferably greater than 1.1, more preferably greater than 1.2, more preferably greater than 1.3, particularly preferably greater than 1.5, more particularly preferably greater than 1.7, and even more particularly preferably greater than 2.0.

[0150] Furthermore, the ratio of the free cross-section between the two guiding elements to the cross-section between the inflow area and at least one barrier area is preferably greater than 3, more preferably greater than 4, more preferably greater than 6, more preferably greater than 8, and particularly preferably greater than 10.

[0151] This can advantageously result in a higher total pressure loss for a given fluid volumetric flow rate when flowing toward the barrier region than when flowing from the inflow region toward the exhaust channel via the guide device. This allows the given fluid volumetric flow rate to flow primarily toward the exhaust channel via the guide device, while simultaneously forming an insulating layer in the barrier region, which also helps reduce the tendency for thermal upgrades in adjacent battery modules.

[0152] Alternatively, the exhaust passage may extend to the side of the guide device.

[0153] The relevant terms are explained below:

[0154] The term "exhaust passage extending on the side of the guide device" means that, from the perspective of the battery module, the exhaust passage is located above the battery module, and also extends to the side of the guide device, which is also located above the battery module. In other words, from the perspective of the battery module, the exhaust passage is located beside the guide device.

[0155] In this configuration, the guiding device is set to deflect the volumetric flow rate of the fluid flowing out of the battery module, causing it to be deflected toward the ventilation element into the exhaust channel.

[0156] In this way, it is advantageous to implement a method with particularly small space requirements.

[0157] According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the guiding device and / or elements of the guiding device, particularly plates and / or deflecting elements and / or deflecting blades, are configured to deform upon input of heat, wherein the specified deformation is configured such that the cross-section between two adjacent elements that allows a specified fluid volume flow rate to flow freely is reduced and / or closed due to the specified deformation.

[0158] Preferably, the thermal deformation of the guiding device proposed herein is designed in terms of hydrodynamics such that the specified hot fluid volumetric flow rate and heat flow are difficult to flow back into the barrier region between the battery module and the guiding device.

[0159] In one particularly preferred embodiment, it is envisioned that thermal deformation of the guiding device proposed herein results in the following: the regularly permeable guiding device has guiding elements in the form of plates and / or deflecting elements and / or deflecting blades, which, after thermal deformation, abut against their directly adjacent guiding elements, particularly in a fluid-tight manner. The thermal deformation may involve one or more or all of the guiding elements of the guiding device.

[0160] In this way, it is advantageous to further improve the specified fluid volume flow rate and the isolation of heat flow relative to adjacent battery modules, thereby further reducing the risk of thermal cascading.

[0161] According to one alternative implementation, the guiding device is designed as a guiding device unit.

[0162] The relevant terms are explained below:

[0163] Implementing the guide device as a "guide device unit" means that the guide device is formed as a separate part or component. In other words, the guide device unit is not formed together with the battery tray or battery cover in a single process step.

[0164] However, in subsequent processing steps, it is preferable to connect the guide device unit to the battery tray or battery cover by means of material bonding, shape fitting, or force locking.

[0165] Preferably, the guiding unit is configured to define an exhaust passage on at least one side, such that a specified fluid volume flow rate can flow into the exhaust passage through the guiding device.

[0166] In this way, it is advantageous to manufacture the guiding device at a particularly low cost.

[0167] Furthermore, it allows for the advantageous modification of the guiding device, and / or replacement if necessary.

[0168] According to a preferred embodiment, an exhaust channel is formed in the battery cover.

[0169] In embodiments where the exhaust channel is formed in the battery cover, the battery cover preferably also has a ventilation element.

[0170] In this way, robust components can be advantageously achieved, which can be designed in a simple and compact manner.

[0171] In addition, this can advantageously reduce the assembly work of the exhaust passage.

[0172] According to one alternative embodiment, the venting passage and guide device are formed in the battery cover.

[0173] Advantageously, according to one of the embodiments described herein, the battery cover preferably also has a ventilation element.

[0174] In addition to the battery cover, a plate element can preferably be formed, which is configured to cover at least one side of the area of ​​the battery cover that has an exhaust channel and a guide device, and more preferably forms an exhaust channel.

[0175] According to the first variant, the battery cover is envisioned to be covered by a plate element on the side designed to face the battery tray and therefore preferably also the battery module. The plate element may be connected to the battery cover by material bonding, form fitting, or force locking. In this variant, the plate element has one or more openings, and / or the plate element does not completely close the battery cover in the direction of the exhaust channel, allowing a specified fluid volume flow rate to flow from the battery tray and, consequently, from the battery module into the exhaust channel.

[0176] According to the second variation, it is envisioned that the battery cover may be closed by a plate element on its outer side, i.e., on the side opposite to the battery module. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the battery cover preferably has an area through which a specified fluid volume flow rate can pass, through which the specified fluid volume flow rate flows from one or more battery modules into the battery cover, particularly into an area of ​​the battery cover having guiding devices and venting channels. The plate element on the outer side of the battery cover may be connected to the battery cover by material bonding, form fitting, or force locking.

[0177] In this way, it is advantageous to achieve robust components with integrated functions, which can be designed in a simple and compact manner.

[0178] In addition, this can advantageously reduce the assembly work required for exhaust channels and guide devices.

[0179] According to another alternative embodiment, the exhaust passage and guide device are formed in the exhaust unit.

[0180] The relevant terms are explained below:

[0181] "Exhaust unit" refers to a separate component or assembly that houses the guide device and exhaust passage. This separate component or assembly can be connected to the battery housing, particularly the battery cover or battery tray.

[0182] This allows for the advantageous creation of compact and robust components designed and manufactured in a functionally optimized manner.

[0183] The battery tray and / or battery cover preferably have at least one partition for separating at least two adjacent areas, wherein at least one battery module (20, 22) is provided in each of the at least two areas.

[0184] The relevant terms are explained below:

[0185] A "region" refers to a housing volume for accommodating a battery module, which is preferably separated from adjacent regions. Adjacent regions are particularly preferably not fluidly connected to each other. The wall thickness of the partition between two regions is preferably greater than or equal to 0.5 mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 1 mm, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 1.5 mm. More preferably, the wall thickness of the partition between two regions is greater than or equal to 2 mm, more preferably greater than or equal to 3 mm, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 4 mm.

[0186] "Block" refers to at least a partial spatial separation between at least two adjacent areas, which is provided for heat insulation between at least two adjacent areas.

[0187] The main concept is that the partitions will be designated as adjacent areas containing at least one battery module, separating them from each other. Hot gas exiting from one of these separated battery modules will flow through a guide device into a common exhaust channel, allowing hot gas exiting from one or each of the separated battery modules to be discharged through this common exhaust channel. The guide device is preferably configured, particularly due to its shape, to prevent hot gas in the exhaust channel from flowing back into the area between the safety valve and the guide device.

[0188] Optionally, the battery tray is divided into at least two areas, wherein at least one battery module is provided in each of the at least two areas, and wherein the at least one battery module in each area is in fluid communication with an independent guide device and / or an independent exhaust channel.

[0189] This allows the hot gas volume flow rate emitted from the thermal upgrade battery module to be directly discharged through the exhaust channel, especially the independent exhaust channel, thereby reducing the heat input to adjacent battery modules.

[0190] The partition is preferably composed of long fiber reinforced polyamide. Preferably, the at least one partition is integrally connected to the battery tray and / or battery cover.

[0191] Each exhaust passage is preferably in fluid communication with an independent ventilation element.

[0192] This allows for the advantageous decision not to continue using one area of ​​the traction battery after a thermal upgrade of a single battery cell, while the other area can remain fully operational and thus be used to transport the vehicle out or continue operating the vehicle.

[0193] According to a preferred embodiment, the battery tray has a thermal protection shield.

[0194] The relevant terms are explained below:

[0195] A "thermal shield" is a layer that is designed to protect the layers underneath from heat.

[0196] The thermal shield advantageously has a thickness of 1 mm or more, preferably 1.5 mm or more, and particularly preferably 2 mm or more. More preferably, the thermal shield has a thickness of 2.5 mm or more, preferably 3 mm or more, and particularly preferably 3.5 mm or more.

[0197] The heat shield is preferably made of a material with particularly high heat resistance, especially mica and / or long fiber reinforced polyamide and / or metal, particularly steel. Specifically, a heat shield having a combination of a first layer made of long fiber reinforced polyamide and a second layer made of mica and / or metal, particularly steel, is also envisioned.

[0198] The fibers of the long fiber reinforced polyamide are preferably composed of glass fibers and / or carbon fibers and / or aramid fibers and / or basalt fibers. The fiber content of the long fiber reinforced thermal insulation layer is preferably greater than or equal to 40% by volume.

[0199] Preferably, a thermal shield is used to protect areas directly exposed to the specified hot gas. These areas are primarily located directly or indirectly above the safety valve.

[0200] Advantageously, a thermal protection shield is provided in the exhaust passage. Furthermore, it is particularly conceivable that the guiding device is made directly from the material of the thermal protection shield.

[0201] Preferably, the thermal protection shield has a metal stamping or a plastic molded / stamped part with partial metal / mica shielding.

[0202] The traction battery preferably has at least one heat accumulator, wherein the heat accumulator has thermal conductivity and heat capacity.

[0203] The relevant terms are explained below:

[0204] "Heat accumulator" refers to a thermal energy storage device. In this case, the heat accumulator is configured to absorb thermal energy from the hot gases of thermally upgraded battery cells and / or thermally upgraded battery modules, and to release the thermal energy again in a time-staggered manner.

[0205] The heat accumulator preferably has rock wool or is composed of rock wool.

[0206] This allows for the advantageous cooling of designated hot gases before they leave the traction battery, thereby reducing or preventing the harmful effects of hot gases on the vehicle's surrounding environment. This is primarily considered in the case of the fuel tank in hybrid vehicles, which can be protected from the effects of designated hot gases in this way.

[0207] More preferably, this reduces the maximum heat flow from hot gases from the thermally upgraded battery cells and / or thermally upgraded battery modules to the battery tray and / or battery cover and / or guide device and / or adjacent battery modules. This particularly helps to prevent the battery tray and / or battery cover and / or guide device from softening or over-softening due to hot gases, and / or helps to prevent thermal upgrades of adjacent battery modules.

[0208] Optionally, the heat capacity of the heat storage device is in the range of greater than or equal to 0.2 kJ / kgK and less than or equal to 1.2 kJ / kgK, preferably in the range of greater than or equal to 0.6 kJ / kgK and less than or equal to 1.1 kJ / kgK, and particularly preferably in the range of greater than or equal to 0.8 kJ / kgK and less than or equal to 1.0 kJ / kgK.

[0209] Alternatively, the thermal conductivity of the heat accumulator may be greater than or equal to 0.3 W / mK, preferably greater than or equal to 2 W / mK, and particularly preferably greater than or equal to 5 W / mK.

[0210] Preferably, a mesh and / or grid can be provided on the heat accumulator, which can absorb a particularly large heat flux by means of its heat capacity and its relatively large surface area in contact with the hot gas, thereby cooling the hot gas particularly efficiently. The mesh and / or grid preferably have metal fibers and / or glass fibers and / or basalt fibers.

[0211] Optionally, the heat accumulator is disposed in the exhaust passage of the traction battery. This allows the heat accumulator to be advantageously utilized directly in the exhaust passage where the heat load is particularly high.

[0212] The heat accumulator preferably has metal fibers and / or metal mesh, especially metal fibers and / or metal mesh made of aluminum and / or copper.

[0213] This method allows for the advantageous creation of particularly robust and efficient heat storage devices.

[0214] More preferably, the heat accumulator has a core region and an edge region. The core region is preferably a latent heat storage tank and / or a thermochemical heat accumulator. The edge region is particularly preferably equipped with a metal mesh.

[0215] Due to the relatively high thermal conductivity of the metal mesh, it is advantageous to cool a specified hot gas particularly quickly, and the relatively high heat capacity of the core region can absorb a relatively high amount of heat energy.

[0216] The heat accumulator is particularly preferably equipped with a latent heat storage device.

[0217] The relevant terms are explained below:

[0218] A "latent heat storage device" is a heat storage device that does not change or only slightly changes the perceptible external temperature when absorbing and / or releasing heat energy. A latent heat storage device is preferably a heat storage device that stores heat energy through a phase change of the heat storage medium.

[0219] Therefore, thermal energy can be advantageously stored by the heat storage device, without the heat storage device itself heating the battery tray and / or battery cover and / or guide device and / or adjacent battery module.

[0220] The heat accumulator has the advantage of being a thermochemical heat accumulator.

[0221] The relevant terms are explained below:

[0222] A thermochemical accumulator is a accumulator that stores thermal energy with the aid of endothermic and exothermic reactions. Thermochemical accumulators preferably contain silica gel or zeolite.

[0223] According to a second aspect of the invention, the solution of the invention to achieve the above-mentioned objective is a motor vehicle having a traction battery according to a first aspect of the invention.

[0224] The relevant terms are explained below:

[0225] "Motor vehicle" refers to a vehicle driven by an engine. Preferably, the motor vehicle is not restricted to a track, or at least is not permanently restricted to a track.

[0226] Understandably, the advantages of the traction battery described earlier can be directly applied to motor vehicles equipped with such a traction battery.

[0227] It should be clearly pointed out that the subject matter of the second aspect can be advantageously combined with the subject matter of the above aspects of the present invention, and can be accumulated individually or in any combination.

[0228] Further advantages, details, and features of the present invention can be obtained from the embodiments described below. Specifically:

[0229] Figure 1 : This schematically illustrates a first traction battery from the prior art;

[0230] Figure 2 : This schematically illustrates a second traction battery from the prior art;

[0231] Figure 3 : A traction battery having a guide device and an exhaust channel extending above the guide device is schematically shown;

[0232] Figure 4 : A perspective view of a traction battery having a guide device and an exhaust channel extending above the guide device;

[0233] Figure 5 : A schematic diagram of a traction battery with a guiding device that deforms locally due to heat input;

[0234] Figure 6a : A traction battery having a guide device and an exhaust channel extending to the side of the guide device is schematically shown;

[0235] Figure 6b : A perspective view of a traction battery having a guide device and an exhaust channel extending to the side of the guide device;

[0236] Figure 7 This schematically illustrates a battery cover with integrated venting channels and a guide unit.

[0237] Figure 8 This schematically illustrates an exhaust unit with an integrated exhaust channel and a guide device.

[0238] Figure 9 : Schematic illustration of a battery cover integrating an exhaust channel, a guide device, and internal panel components; and

[0239] Figure 10 The illustration schematically shows a battery cover with integrated venting channels, a guide device, and external panel components.

[0240] In the following description, the same reference numerals denote the same components or features; therefore, a description of a component with reference to one drawing also applies to other drawings to avoid repetition. Furthermore, features described in connection with one embodiment may also be used individually in other embodiments.

[0241] Figure 1 The traction battery 1 mainly consists of a battery casing 10 and multiple battery modules 20 and 22, among which battery module 20 has been thermally upgraded.

[0242] Each battery module 20, 22 has an independent safety valve 24, through which a specified fluid volume flow rate 26 can escape in the event of an impending overpressure in the battery module 20, 22.

[0243] The battery casing 10 of the traction battery 1 has a ventilation element 42, which is used to ventilate and exhaust the internal space (not labeled) of the traction battery 1 relative to the surrounding environment 5 of the traction battery 1.

[0244] The specified fluid volume flow rate 26 flows from the thermally upgraded battery module 20 into the internal space (unlabeled) of the battery casing 10 through the associated safety valve 24.

[0245] The specified fluid volumetric flow rate 26 does not deflect within the traction battery 1, collides with the battery casing 10, and is initially distributed within the internal space (unlabeled) of the battery casing. Therefore, the internal space (unlabeled) of the battery casing 10 is heated by the heat flow (unlabeled) carried by the specified fluid volumetric flow rate 26, resulting in accelerated heat propagation 50 from the thermally upgraded battery module 20 to the adjacent battery module 22.

[0246] If an adjacent battery module 22 reaches a critical temperature (not shown), the adjacent battery module 22 may also experience thermal escalation. This could continue in a chain reaction, increasing the risk of the traction battery 1 igniting.

[0247] Figure 2 The traction battery 1 has a battery casing 10, which consists of a battery tray 12 and a battery cover 14.

[0248] The battery cover 14 and the battery tray 12 are connected to each other by means of shape fitting, force locking or material bonding.

[0249] The battery cover 14 has a plane (unlabeled) containing a plurality of second safety valves 28 that define a barrier space (unlabeled) between the battery modules 20, 22 and the plane (unlabeled).

[0250] The second safety valve 28 is preferably connected to each of the first safety valves 24.

[0251] In the event of a thermal upgrade of the battery module 20, the safety valve 24 of the battery module 20 opens, and a specified fluid volume flow rate 26 flows out of the battery module 20 and into a barrier space (unlabeled) located below the plane (unlabeled) containing a plurality of second safety valves 28.

[0252] Starting from the overpressure defined in the barrier space, the second safety valve 28 located above the safety valve 24 of the battery module 20 opens, and the specified fluid volume flow rate 26 is able to continue its path into the area located above the plane (unlabeled) and subsequently into the surrounding environment 5 of the traction battery 1 through the ventilation element 42.

[0253] Figure 3 The traction battery 1 has a guiding device 30, which has multiple elements 32 of the guiding device. The elements 32 of the guiding device are deflection elements 32, which are arranged in a cascade (not labeled).

[0254] If there is a thermal upgrade of the battery module 20, and the specified fluid volume flow rate 26 flows out through the safety valve 24 of the battery module 20, it is directly deflected by the guide device 30 toward the ventilation element 42 into the exhaust channel 40, and it can escape from the ventilation element into the surrounding environment 5 of the traction battery 1.

[0255] The exhaust passage 40 is configured to direct a specified fluid volume flow rate 26 toward the ventilation element 42 without significant total pressure loss (not shown).

[0256] Next to the thermally upgraded battery module 20 and above the adjacent battery module 22, a portion of the relatively cool air (not shown) present before the thermal event is retained below the guide device 30, and thus a barrier layer (not shown) composed of cool air (not shown) is formed in the barrier region (not shown) relative to the specified fluid volume flow rate 26. This results in thermal insulation between the adjacent battery module 22 and the specified fluid volume flow rate 26 in the exhaust channel 40, thereby reducing the heat flow (not shown) entering the adjacent battery module 22 from the specified fluid volume flow rate 26.

[0257] Therefore, preferably, an insulating barrier layer (unlabeled) is formed in a barrier region (unlabeled) between the guide device 30 and the unheated battery module 22, which advantageously extends between the relatively hot specified fluid volume flow rate 26 and the unheated battery module 22.

[0258] At the boundary with the barrier area (unlabeled), there is an inflow area (unlabeled) between the guide device 30 and the thermally upgraded battery module 20, where a specified fluid volume flow rate 26 from the safety valve 24 first flows into this inflow area.

[0259] Figure 4 This is a perspective view of the traction battery 1. The element 32 of the guide device 30 is laterally closed, thereby allowing the specified fluid volume flow rate 26 to be better deflected into the exhaust passage 40 and guided toward the ventilation element 42 with less total pressure loss (not shown).

[0260] Figure 5 The traction battery 1 has a guiding device 30, which has a plurality of heat-deformed elements 34 of the guiding device 30.

[0261] The element 34 of the guide device 30 is thermally deformed due to the specified fluid volume flow rate 26 flowing over the guide device 30 through the exhaust passage 40 toward the ventilation element 42.

[0262] Thermal deformation (unlabeled) is so significant that the free cross-section (unlabeled) between two adjacent elements 34 of the guide device 30 and between the exhaust passage 40 and the barrier area (unlabeled) is reduced or closed due to deformation (unlabeled).

[0263] This reduces or prevents the mixing of a specified fluid volume flow rate 26 that is hotter than the air in the barrier layer (unlabeled), thereby improving the thermal insulation of the barrier layer (unlabeled) relative to the adjacent battery module 22.

[0264] Directly above the safety valve 24 from which the specified fluid volume flow rate 26 exits, the guide device 30 is preferably deformable in the opposite manner to the specified fluid volume flow rate 26, thereby increasing the free cross-section through which the specified fluid volume flow rate 26 flows. Here, optionally and preferably, the free cross-section of the exhaust passage 40 also decreases in the direction away from the ventilation element 42, thereby advantageously reducing or preventing undesirable secondary flow of the specified fluid volume flow rate 26 in the region of the exhaust passage 40 away from the ventilation element 42.

[0265] Figure 6a and Figure 6b The traction battery 1 has an exhaust channel 40 arranged on the side of the guide device 30. This is in Figure 6a The diagram is schematically shown and in Figure 6b The image is shown in perspective.

[0266] In the event of a thermal upgrade of battery module 22, a specified fluid volume flow rate (not shown) flows out through safety valve 24 to the area of ​​guide device 30, where it is deflected by interaction with element 32 of guide device 30 to exhaust passage 40 located on the side of guide device 30, and from there is transmitted toward ventilation element 42 with as little further total pressure loss (not shown) as possible.

[0267] According to an alternative embodiment (not shown), it is also conceivable that, similar to Figure 6a and Figure 6b The traction battery 1 in the guide device 30 also has an exhaust channel 40 arranged on the side of the guide device 30, wherein an opening (not shown) is formed, rather than in the guide device 30. Figure 6a and Figure 6b Safety valve 24 is shown in the image.

[0268] In this configuration, the battery module 22 is arranged on the side of the opening (not shown) away from the guide device 30, preferably in communication with the opening (not shown). A barrier region (not shown) is provided between the battery module 22 and the guide device 30.

[0269] Specifically, it is conceivable that the exhaust channel 40 is located on the outside of the battery tray 12 and can be isolated from the surrounding environment of the traction battery 1 by a cover and / or ventilation elements.

[0270] Figure 7 The exhaust passage 40 is formed directly in the battery cover 14.

[0271] The guide device (not labeled) is in the form of element 32 of guide device unit 36, and is formed as a separate part or component relative to battery cover 14.

[0272] The guide unit 36 ​​can be connected to the battery cover 14 in a material fit, shape fit or force-locking manner, such that a specified fluid volume flow rate (not shown) can be deflected into the exhaust channel through the guide unit 36 ​​and from there exit the battery cover 14 through the ventilation element 42 into the surrounding environment 5 of the battery cover 14.

[0273] The guiding device unit preferably has a stamped part made of metal or a molded / stamped part made of plastic with partial metal / mica shielding, thereby improving thermal protection.

[0274] Figure 8 The exhaust unit 44 contains, in the form of a compact and robust unit, an exhaust passage 40 (only a placeholder in the form of a honeycomb structure is shown), a guide device 30 (only a placeholder in the form of a honeycomb structure is shown), and a ventilation element 42 for ventilation and / or exhaust to the surrounding environment 5.

[0275] Among other conceivable variations, the guide device 30 (only a placeholder for the honeycomb structure is shown) and the exhaust channel 40 (only a placeholder for the honeycomb structure is shown) are... Figure 3 and / or Figure 4 and / or Figure 5 and / or Figure 6a and / or Figure 6b One of the specific implementations is in the form of a guide device 30 and / or an exhaust passage 40.

[0276] Furthermore, it can be envisioned that, with the help of Figure 7 The disclosed guide device unit 36 ​​and Figure 7 The exhaust passage 40 disclosed implements the guide device 30 (only a placeholder in the form of a honeycomb structure is shown) and the exhaust passage 40 (only a placeholder in the form of a honeycomb structure is shown).

[0277] The exhaust unit 44 can be externally connected to the battery housing 10, especially to the battery cover 14, by means of shape fit, material engagement, or force locking.

[0278] In the connection area (not labeled), the battery housing 10 has a plurality of openings 48 through which a specified fluid volume flow rate (not shown) can enter the exhaust unit 44 from the battery housing 10.

[0279] Figure 9 The battery cover 14 has an exhaust channel 40 (only placeholders in honeycomb structure are shown), a guide device 30 (only placeholders in honeycomb structure are shown), and a ventilation element 42 for ventilating and exhausting the battery casing 10 from the surrounding environment 5.

[0280] The exhaust channel 40 (only a placeholder for the honeycomb structure is shown) and the guide device 30 (only a placeholder for the honeycomb structure is shown) can be formed together with or directly within the battery cover 14. In this advantageous embodiment, particularly when the exhaust channel 40 is located on the side of the guide device 30 (according to...) Figure 6a / b) The exhaust passage 40 and the guide device 30 can be manufactured together with the battery cover 14 in one piece by molding (especially injection molding and / or compression molding and / or extrusion).

[0281] The exhaust passage 40 (only a placeholder for the honeycomb structure is shown) and the guide device 30 (only a placeholder for the honeycomb structure is shown) can be covered from the inside (not labeled) of the battery cover 14 by a plate element 46 having multiple openings 48, thus the exhaust passage 40 can only be completed in a particularly advantageous embodiment.

[0282] Among other conceivable variations, the guide device 30 (only a placeholder for the honeycomb structure is shown) and the exhaust channel 40 (only a placeholder for the honeycomb structure is shown) are... Figure 3 and / or Figure 4 and / or Figure 5 and / or Figure 6a and / or Figure 6b One of the specific implementations is in the form of a guide device 30 and / or an exhaust passage 40.

[0283] Furthermore, it can be envisioned that, with the help of Figure 7 The disclosed guide device unit 36 ​​and Figure 7 The exhaust passage 40 disclosed implements the guide device 30 (only a placeholder in the form of a honeycomb structure is shown) and the exhaust passage 40 (only a placeholder in the form of a honeycomb structure is shown).

[0284] The plate element 46 can be connected to the battery cover 14 by means of material bonding, shape fitting, or force locking.

[0285] The specified fluid volume flow rate (not shown) can flow out of the battery casing 10 through multiple openings 48 in the plate element 46 and into the guide device 30 (only placeholders in the form of a honeycomb structure are shown) and further into the exhaust channel 40 (only placeholders in the form of a honeycomb structure are shown).

[0286] Figure 10 The battery cover 14 has an exhaust channel 40 (only placeholders in honeycomb structure are shown), a guide device 30 (only placeholders in honeycomb structure are shown), and a ventilation element 42 for ventilating and exhausting the battery casing 10 from the surrounding environment 5.

[0287] The exhaust channel 40 (only a placeholder for the honeycomb structure is shown) and the guide device 30 (only a placeholder for the honeycomb structure is shown) can be formed together with or directly within the battery cover 14. In this advantageous embodiment, especially when the exhaust channel 40 is located on the side of the guide device 30 (according to...) Figure 6a / b) The exhaust passage 40 and the guide device 30 can be manufactured together with the battery cover 14 in one piece by molding (especially injection molding and / or compression molding and / or extrusion).

[0288] Among these, in addition to other conceivable variations, the guide device 30 (only a placeholder in the form of a honeycomb structure is shown) can be... Figure 3 and / or Figure 4 and / or Figure 5 and / or Figure 6a and / or Figure 6b The guiding device 30 is specifically disclosed in one of the embodiments.

[0289] Furthermore, it is conceivable that the guiding device 30 (only a placeholder in the form of a cellular structure is shown) passes through Figure 7 The disclosed guide device unit 36 ​​is used for implementation.

[0290] In addition to other conceivable design variations, the exhaust passage 40 can be defined by plate element 46. Among these, the main conceivable variations are... Figure 3 and / or Figure 4 and / or Figure 5 and / or Figure 6a and / or Figure 6b The design scheme of the exhaust passage 40 revealed in one of the articles.

[0291] In particular, the main concept is to define the board element 46. Figure 6a and / or Figure 6b The exhaust passage 40 is revealed.

[0292] The exhaust passage 40 (only a placeholder for the honeycomb structure is shown) and the guide device 30 (only a placeholder for the honeycomb structure is shown) can be covered by the plate element 46 on the outside of the battery cover 14, so the exhaust passage 40 can only be completed in a particularly advantageous embodiment.

[0293] The plate element 46 can be connected to the battery cover 14 by means of material bonding, shape fitting, or force locking.

[0294] In the area of ​​the guide device 30 (only placeholders in the form of a honeycomb structure are shown), the battery cover has a plurality of openings 48 through which a specified fluid volume flow rate (not shown) can flow from the battery casing 10 into the guide device 30 (only placeholders in the form of a honeycomb structure are shown) and further into the exhaust passage 40 (only placeholders in the form of a honeycomb structure are shown).

[0295] Appendix Label Table

[0296] 1 Traction battery

[0297] 5. Surrounding environment of the traction battery

[0298] 10 Battery casing

[0299] 12 Battery Trays

[0300] 14 Battery Cover

[0301] 20 battery modules, hot-swapped.

[0302] 22 Battery Modules

[0303] 24 Safety valve

[0304] 26 Specified fluid volumetric flow rate

[0305] 28 Second safety valve

[0306] 30 Guiding Device

[0307] 32. Components of the guiding device, plates, deflecting elements, deflecting blades

[0308] 34. Components of the guiding device have been thermally deformed.

[0309] 36 Guiding device unit

[0310] 40 Exhaust passage

[0311] 42 Ventilation components

[0312] 44 Exhaust Unit

[0313] 46 board components

[0314] 48 Opening

[0315] 50. Heat propagation

Claims

1. Traction battery (1) having - a battery tray (12), - a plurality of battery modules (20, 22) arranged in the battery tray (12), wherein each battery module (20, 22) has at least one safety valve (24), - a battery cover (14), and - a ventilation element (42) for ventilating and / or evacuating the traction battery (1), - wherein, the traction battery (1) having a guiding device (30) which is at least partially permeable to a specified fluid volume flow (26) for deflecting the specified fluid volume flow (26) flowing from the safety valve (24) towards the ventilation element (42), - wherein the traction battery (1) has an evacuation channel (40) which extends from the guiding device (30) to the ventilation element (42), characterized in that the guiding device (30) is configured to deflect the specified fluid volume flow (26) into the evacuation channel (40), and the ventilation element (42) has a semi-permeable membrane.

2. Towing battery (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that The guiding device (30) has at least locally a plate (32), wherein at least one component of the normal vector of the plate (32) is aligned towards the ventilation element (42).

3. Towing battery (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The guiding device (30) has a deflection element (32) formed by a plurality of attached plates.

4. Towing battery (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The guiding device (30) has a deflection vane (32).

5. Towing battery (1) according to claim 4, characterized in that The deflection vane (32) is a profiled element.

6. Towing battery (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that The guiding device (30) has both a deflection element (32) formed by a plurality of attached plates and a deflection vane (32), wherein the guiding device (30) has a cascade of plates (32) and / or deflection elements (32) and / or deflection vanes (32).

7. Towing battery (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The evacuation channel (40) extends above the guiding device (30).

8. Towing battery (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that The evacuation channel (40) extends alongside the guiding device (30).

9. Towing battery (1) according to claim 6, characterized in that The guiding device (30) and / or the plates (32) and / or the deflection elements (32) and / or the deflection vanes (32) of the guiding device are designed to deform upon input of heat, wherein the specified deformation is designed such that the cross section between two adjacent elements (32) which is free for the specified fluid volume flow (26) to flow through is reduced and / or closed by the specified deformation.

10. Towing battery (1) according to claim 1, 2, 6 or 9, characterized in that The guiding device (30) is designed as a guiding device unit (36).

11. Towing battery (1) according to claim 1, 2, 6 or 9, characterized in that The evacuation channel (40) is formed in the battery cover (14).

12. Towing battery (1) according to claim 1, 2, 6 or 9, characterized in that The evacuation channel (40) and the guiding device (30) are formed in the battery cover (14).

13. Towing battery (1) according to claim 1, 2, 6 or 9, characterized in that The evacuation channel (40) and the guiding device (30) are formed in an evacuation unit (44).

14. Traction battery (1) according to claim 1, 2, 6 or 9, characterized in that The battery tray and / or the battery cover has at least one partition wall for separating at least two adjacent regions, wherein at least one battery module (20, 22) is arranged in each of the at least two regions.

15. Towing battery (1) according to claim 1, 2, 6 or 9, characterized in that The battery tray (12) is divided into at least two regions, wherein at least one battery module (20, 22) is provided in each of the at least two regions, wherein the at least one battery module (20, 22) of each region is in fluid communication with an independent guiding device (30) and / or an independent exhaust channel (40).

16. Towing battery (1) according to claim 15, characterized in that Each exhaust channel (40) is in fluid communication with an independent ventilation element (42).

17. Towing battery (1) according to claim 1, 2, 6 or 9, characterized in that The battery tray (12) has a thermal protection cover.

18. Towing battery (1) according to claim 1, 2, 6 or 9, characterized in that The traction battery (1) has at least one heat accumulator, wherein the heat accumulator has a thermal conductivity and a thermal capacity.

19. Towing battery (1) according to claim 18, characterized in that The thermal capacity of the heat accumulator is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.2 kJ / kgK and less than or equal to 1.2 kJ / kgK.

20. Towing battery (1) according to claim 19, characterized in that The thermal capacity of the heat accumulator is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.6 kJ / kgK and less than or equal to 1.1 kJ / kgK.

21. Towing battery (1) according to claim 20, characterized in that The thermal capacity of the heat accumulator is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.8 kJ / kgK and less than or equal to 1.0 kJ / kgK.

22. Towing battery (1) according to claim 18, characterized in that The thermal conductivity of the heat accumulator is greater than or equal to 0.3 W / mK.

23. Towing battery (1) according to claim 22, characterized in that The thermal conductivity of the heat accumulator is greater than or equal to 2 W / mK.

24. Towing battery (1) according to claim 23, characterized in that The thermal conductivity of the heat accumulator is greater than or equal to 5 W / mK.

25. Towing battery (1) according to claim 18, characterized in that The heat accumulator is provided in an exhaust channel (40) of the traction battery (1).

26. Towing battery (1) according to claim 18, characterized in that The heat accumulator has metal fibers and / or a metal mesh.

27. Towing battery (1) according to claim 26, characterized in that The metal fibers and / or the metal mesh are composed of aluminum and / or copper.

28. Towing battery (1) according to claim 18, characterized in that The heat accumulator has a latent heat store.

29. Towing battery (1) according to claim 18, characterized in that The heat accumulator has a thermochemical heat accumulator.

30. Motor vehicle having a traction battery (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 29.

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