A dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor with slit swirl and semi-circular groove flow guidance, a gas-liquid distribution plate, and a fixed-bed reactor.

Abstract

This invention discloses a dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor with swirl flow and semi-circular groove guidance, a gas-liquid distribution plate, and a fixed-bed reactor. The gas-liquid distributor includes a central tube, a top baffle, and a flow-dispersing baffle. A gas-phase swirling inlet is provided on the upper sidewall of the central tube, and a gas-phase swirling plate is provided at the inlet. At least two semi-circular guide grooves are arranged from top to bottom in the middle of the central tube. The gas-liquid distributor of this invention has multiple gas-phase swirling inlets. The swirling gas phase draws the liquid phase on the distribution plate into the central tube and atomizes and disperses it. The swirling gas effectively avoids the wall-attaching flow phenomenon in the central tube, while the swirling increases the mixing time of the gas-liquid fluid and automatically increases the diffusion angle of the diffuser. Simultaneously, the double-layer guide groove design causes internal disturbance of the swirling fluid within the central tube, increasing its turbulence and enhancing the gas-liquid mixing degree inside the central tube.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of fixed-bed reactor equipment technology, specifically to a dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor with slit swirl and semi-circular groove flow guidance, a gas-liquid distribution plate, and a fixed-bed reactor. Background Technology

[0002] Against the backdrop of increasingly stringent environmental regulations, standards for the impurity content in various petroleum products are also rising. Hydrogenation technology, as an indispensable technology in the production of clean fuels, plays a significant role in refinery production. Hydrogenation technology includes hydrocracking and hydrorefining. The hydrogenation reaction is exothermic, and currently, the vast majority of domestic refineries use a downflow fixed-bed reactor structure. The reactants flow downwards through the catalyst bed and undergo the hydrogenation reaction under its influence. Uneven gas-liquid distribution in the bed during the reaction can lead to hot spots, catalyst coking, and runaway temperatures, affecting product quality and causing safety hazards. Therefore, a stable gas-liquid distribution is crucial for improving the flow characteristics and catalyst utilization rate within the reactor. Gas-liquid distribution equipment is an internal component within the reactor that significantly influences the initial gas-liquid distribution. When wax oil and residue oil undergo hydrogenation reactions, the raw materials generally have higher viscosity and density, and contain more impurities. For hydrogenation reactors of wax oil and residue oil with poor flow and high impurity content, existing tubular gas-liquid distributors have limited operational flexibility, cannot cope with large fluctuations in gas and liquid volume, have excessive pressure drop in the distribution plate, resulting in excessive energy loss, and are prone to uneven initial gas-liquid distribution in the bed, leading to hot spots, catalyst coking, runaway temperatures, and other hazards that affect product quality and cause unsafe production. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of existing gas-liquid distributors having limited operational flexibility and excessive pressure drop on the distribution plate when processing raw materials with high viscosity and density, resulting in excessive energy loss and uneven initial gas-liquid distribution in the bed. The invention provides a dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor with slit swirl and semi-circular groove guidance, a gas-liquid distribution plate, and a fixed-bed reactor.

[0004] To address the shortcomings of the aforementioned technical problems, the present invention employs the following technical solution: a dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor with slit swirl and semi-circular groove guidance, comprising a central tube body, a top baffle, and a flow-dispersing baffle. The top baffle is disposed at the top of the central tube body, and the flow-dispersing baffle is disposed at the bottom of the central tube body via support legs. A gas phase swirl inlet is provided on the upper sidewall of the central tube body, and a gas phase swirl plate is provided at the gas phase swirl inlet. At least two semi-circular guide grooves are provided from top to bottom in the middle of the central tube body. The semi-circular guide grooves are arranged radially along the central tube body, and the two ends of the semi-circular guide grooves are placed in circular through holes on the sidewall of the central tube body.

[0005] As a further optimization of the dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor of the present invention, which features swirl flow and semi-circular groove flow guidance: at least two gas phase swirling inlets are provided on the central tube body, and the at least two gas phase swirling inlets are evenly distributed along the circumference of the central tube body.

[0006] As a further optimization of the dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor of the present invention, the gas phase swirl plate is formed by folding inward from the "L"-shaped cut on the side wall of the central tube.

[0007] As a further optimization of the dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor of the present invention, which features swirl flow and semi-circular groove flow guidance: the baffle is a conical structure, and the bottom diameter of the baffle is larger than the inner diameter of the central tube.

[0008] As a further optimization of the dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor of the present invention, the bottom diameter of the baffle is 1.5 to 2.5 times the inner diameter of the central tube.

[0009] As a further optimization of the dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor of the present invention, the baffle plate is uniformly provided with 15 to 20 flow-breaking slits along the circumference.

[0010] As a further optimization of the dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor of the present invention, the middle part of the central tube is provided with an upper semi-circular guide groove and a lower semi-circular guide groove from top to bottom, and the upper semi-circular guide groove and the lower semi-circular guide groove are perpendicular to each other.

[0011] As a further optimization of the gas-liquid distributor with slit swirl and semi-circular groove guiding in this invention: the distance between the center of the upper semi-circular guiding groove and the top of the central tube is 25-50 mm.

[0012] As a further optimization of the dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor of the present invention, the diameters of the upper and lower semi-circular guide grooves are 8-12 mm.

[0013] A gas-liquid distribution plate includes a distribution plate body and the aforementioned tubular gas-liquid distributor. The distribution plate body is provided with mounting holes, the lower end of the central tube of the tubular gas-liquid distributor is inserted into the mounting holes, and the multiple semi-circular guide grooves of the tubular gas-liquid distributor are all located above the distribution plate body.

[0014] As a further optimization of the dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor of the present invention, a diameter reduction component is provided in the lower part of the central tube body.

[0015] As a further optimization of the dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor of the present invention, which features swirl flow and semi-circular groove flow guidance: the reduced diameter component is an annular boss with a trapezoidal cross-section, and the inner diameter of the annular boss is 1 / 2 to 3 / 5 of the inner diameter of the central tube.

[0016] A gas-liquid distribution plate includes a distribution plate body and the aforementioned tubular gas-liquid distributor. The distribution plate body is provided with a mounting hole. The lower end of the central tube of the tubular gas-liquid distributor is inserted into the mounting hole, and the lower semi-circular guide groove of the tubular gas-liquid distributor is located above the distribution plate body, while the diameter reduction component is located below the distribution plate body.

[0017] A fixed-bed reactor includes a fixed-bed reactor body, in which the aforementioned gas-liquid distribution plate is provided.

[0018] As a further optimization of the fixed-bed reactor of the present invention, the design of the gas-liquid distribution plate needs to meet the following conditions:

[0019] (lS / Q g )≤(w 2 -r 2 ) 1 / 2 Sx / (√2Q g )

[0020] Where w is the distributor tube spacing; u g Q represents the gas phase velocity. g S is the gas phase flux, S is the reactor cross-sectional area; x is the perforated filter of the distribution plate, l is the air height under the distribution plate, and r is the radius of the central tube.

[0021] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. The gas-liquid distributor of the present invention is provided with multiple gas-phase swirling inlets. The swirling gas phase draws the liquid phase on the distribution plate into the central tube and atomizes and disperses it. The swirling gas can effectively avoid the wall-attached flow phenomenon in the central tube. At the same time, the swirling increases the mixing time of the gas-liquid fluid and increases the diffusion angle of the diffuser. In addition, the gas-liquid distributor is also provided with multiple semi-circular guide channels. The semi-circular guide channels can directly guide heavy oil to the central part of the distributor. At the same time, the design of the double-layer guide channels can cause internal disturbance of the swirling fluid in the central tube, increasing its turbulence and enhancing the gas-liquid mixing degree inside the central tube.

[0023] 2. The gas-liquid distributor of the present invention has a necked protrusion in the lower part of the central tube body. The necked protrusion enables the gas and liquid phases to flow with different diameters, further preventing the wall flow effect and increasing the disturbance atomization. At the same time, a diffusion channel is formed between the necked protrusion and the lower baffle dispersion plate, which changes the vertical flow into a horizontal rotational flow and increases the diffusion area of ​​the distributor.

[0024] 3. The baffle plate of the gas-liquid distributor of the present invention has a conical surface, which can reduce energy loss compared with a straight plate. The design of being high in the middle and low on both sides has a guiding effect. At the same time, the baffle plate has several slits around its circumference to break up the dispersed gas and liquid phases, which is conducive to the distribution of gas and liquid over a wider range. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the gas-liquid distributor in Example 1;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the gas-liquid distributor (front view) in Example 2;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the gas-liquid distributor (side view) in Example 2;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the gas-liquid distribution plate in Example 3;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the gas-liquid distribution plate in Example 4;

[0030] Figure 6 for Figure 2 Sectional view along AA;

[0031] Figure 7 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view along BB;

[0032] Figure 8 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view along CC;

[0033] Figure 9 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view along DD;

[0034] Figure 10 for Figure 2 Cross-sectional view along EE;

[0035] Marked in the image:

[0036] 1. Top baffle;

[0037] 2. Gas-phase swirl inlet;

[0038] 3. Vapor swirl plate;

[0039] 4. Central tube body;

[0040] 5. Upper semi-circular guide channel;

[0041] 6. Lower semi-circular guide channel;

[0042] 7. Distribute disk body;

[0043] 8. Reduced diameter parts;

[0044] 9. Support legs;

[0045] 10. Baffles to disperse the flow;

[0046] 11. Broken flow seam;

[0047] 12. Mounting holes. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To better understand the present invention, the following embodiments further illustrate the content of the present invention, but the content of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

[0049] <Example 1>

[0050] like Figure 1 As shown: A dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor with slit swirl and semi-circular groove flow guidance includes a central tube body 4, a top baffle 1, and a flow-dispersing baffle 10.

[0051] The central tube 4 is the main structure of the gas-liquid distributor. The central tube 4 is a straight circular tube structure with a diameter of 25-30 mm. The top baffle 1 is set at the top of the central tube 4, and the flow-dispersing baffle 10 is set at the bottom of the central tube 4 through the support leg 9.

[0052] The top baffle 1 is a circular baffle with a thickness of 1mm to 2mm, provided that the strength requirements are met. The top baffle 1 is used to block the gas-liquid flow from top to bottom, preventing it from directly entering the central tube 4 and causing short circuits and uneven gas-liquid distribution.

[0053] The upper sidewall of the central tube 4 is provided with several gas phase swirl inlets 2, and the number of gas phase cuts should be at least two, for example, the number of gas phase cuts can also be two to five. In this embodiment, the upper sidewall of the central tube 4 is provided with two opposing gas phase swirl inlets 2. A gas phase swirl plate 3 is provided at the gas phase swirl inlet 2, and the gas phase swirl plate 3 and the gas phase swirl inlet 2 form a swirl channel. In this embodiment, the gas phase swirl plate 3 is formed by folding inward from the "L"-shaped cut on the sidewall of the central tube 4.

[0054] The middle part of the central tube 4 is provided with an upper semi-circular guide groove 5 and a lower semi-circular guide groove 6 from top to bottom, and the upper semi-circular guide groove 5 and the lower semi-circular guide groove 6 are perpendicular to each other. The semi-circular guide grooves are arranged radially along the central tube 4, and the two ends of the semi-circular guide grooves are placed in the circular through holes on the side wall of the central tube 4.

[0055] The diameters of the upper semi-circular guide channel 5 and the lower semi-circular guide channel 6 are 8–12 mm. The distance between the center of the upper semi-circular guide channel 5 and the top of the central tube 4 is 25–50 mm.

[0056] When the tubular gas-liquid distributor of the present invention is in operation, the gas phase is first blocked by the top baffle 1 located at the top of the distributor to prevent the gas phase from directly entering the interior of the central tube 4, which would cause a gas short circuit and result in uneven distribution.

[0057] Gas enters the central tube from the gas phase swirl inlet 2 located on the central tube body 4, and forms a swirling gas flow from the central tube body 4 downward through the gas phase swirl plate 3 at the gas phase swirl inlet 2.

[0058] The liquid phase first accumulates on the distribution plate to form a certain liquid layer. When the liquid layer reaches the semi-circular guide channel, the liquid phase is drawn into the central tube by the high-speed flowing liquid phase in the central tube using the pressure difference for mixing. Since the guide channel is connected to the inside of the central tube, heavy oil products outside the central tube can be drawn into the axial position inside the central tube, effectively preventing high-viscosity, high-density fluids from adhering to the inner wall of the central tube and causing uneven distribution.

[0059] Inside the central tube 4, the gas phase flowing downwards impacts the upper semi-circular guide channel, causing flow diversion and preventing the high-speed swirling gas from impacting the liquid phase in the lower guide channel, thus avoiding fluctuations and uneven distribution. Simultaneously, the upper guide channel also increases the turbulence of the swirling gas, thereby increasing its kinetic energy.

[0060] <Example 2>

[0061] like Figure 2 and 3 As shown: A dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor with slit swirl and semi-circular groove flow guidance has the same overall structure as <Example 1>, except that:

[0062] The lower part of the central tube 4 is provided with a diameter reduction component 8, which is an annular boss with a trapezoidal cross-section. The inner diameter of the annular boss is 1 / 2 to 3 / 5 of the inner diameter of the central tube 4.

[0063] The flow-dispersing baffle 10 has a conical structure, and the bottom diameter of the flow-dispersing baffle 10 is larger than the inner diameter of the central tube 4. Specifically, the bottom diameter of the flow-dispersing baffle 10 is 1.5 to 2.5 times the inner diameter of the central tube 4. The flow-dispersing baffle 10 is uniformly provided with 15 to 20 flow-breaking slits 11 along the circumference. In this embodiment, the flow-dispersing baffle 10 is provided with 16 flow-breaking slits 11.

[0064] The baffle 10 has a higher center and a lower periphery, and has a certain curvature. The gas-liquid two-phase fluid swirling inside the central tube 4 passes through the constricted protrusion, further preventing the phenomenon of sticking to the wall due to the centrifugal force of the swirling flow. At the same time, the annular channel formed between the constricted protrusion and the baffle 10 changes the flow direction of the mixed fluid, changing the direction of the vertical swirling flow to a swirling flow direction that diffuses in all directions.

[0065] <Example 3>

[0066] A gas-liquid distribution plate includes a distribution plate body 7 and a tubular gas-liquid distributor described in <Example 1>. The distribution plate body 7 is provided with a mounting hole 12. The lower end of the central tube body 4 of the tubular gas-liquid distributor is inserted into the mounting hole 12, and the multiple semi-circular guide grooves of the tubular gas-liquid distributor are all located above the distribution plate body 7. The opening of the distribution plate body 7 is maintained at 10-30%.

[0067] <Example 4>

[0068] A gas-liquid distribution plate includes a distribution plate body 7 and a tubular gas-liquid distributor described in <Example 2>. The distribution plate body 7 is provided with a mounting hole 12. The lower end of the central tube body 4 of the tubular gas-liquid distributor is inserted into the mounting hole 12. The lower semi-circular guide groove 6 of the tubular gas-liquid distributor is located above the distribution plate body 7, and the diameter reduction member 8 is located below the distribution plate body 7. The opening of the distribution plate body 7 is maintained at 10-30%.

[0069] <Example 5>

[0070] A fixed-bed reactor includes a fixed-bed reactor body, in which a gas-liquid distribution plate as described in Example 4 is provided.

[0071] Because swirling diffusion distribution differs from the previous direct impact diffusion method, new design and arrangement criteria for swirling distributors need to be defined. This can be achieved by ensuring that the spray areas within the space below the distributors overlap and fully cover the reactor cross-section.

[0072] (lS / Q g )≤(w 2 -r 2 ) 1 / 2 Sx / (√2Q g )

[0073] Where w is the distributor tube spacing; u g Q represents the gas phase velocity. g S is the gas phase flux, S is the reactor cross-sectional area; x is the perforated filter of the distribution plate, l is the air height under the distribution plate, and r is the radius of the central tube.

[0074] Using this distributor design layout principle, once the reactor's throughput, size, and other factors are known, the distributor design can be based on these factors. Parameter design can be performed on distribution devices using this type of distributor to ensure the maximum rational utilization of gas-liquid distribution.

[0075] This invention utilizes swirling flow and semi-circular guide channels for disturbance, along with a flow-dispersing plate, to create a multi-stage atomization effect on the liquid phase. The guide channel structure also prevents uneven flow within the distribution pipe. Furthermore, a design principle for the swirling distributor is proposed, ensuring effective distribution while maintaining optimal arrangement.

[0076] The specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art can make various modifications or variations within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor with swirl flow and semi-circular groove flow guidance, comprising a central tube (4), a top baffle (1), and a flow-dispersing baffle (10), wherein the top baffle (1) is disposed at the top of the central tube (4), and the flow-dispersing baffle (10) is disposed at the bottom of the central tube (4) via a support leg (9), characterized in that: The upper sidewall of the central tube (4) is provided with a gas phase swirl inlet (2), and a gas phase swirl plate (3) is provided at the gas phase swirl inlet (2). The middle part of the central tube (4) is provided with an upper semi-circular guide groove (5) and a lower semi-circular guide groove (6) from top to bottom. The semi-circular guide groove is arranged along the radial direction of the central tube (4). The two ends of the semi-circular guide groove are placed in the circular through hole of the sidewall of the central tube (4), and the upper semi-circular guide groove (5) and the lower semi-circular guide groove (6) are perpendicular to each other.

2. The dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor with swirl flow and semi-circular groove flow guidance as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The central tube (4) is provided with at least two gas phase swirl inlets (2), and the at least two gas phase swirl inlets (2) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the central tube (4).

3. The dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor with swirl flow and semi-circular groove flow guidance as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The gas phase swirl plate (3) is formed by folding inward from the "L"-shaped cut on the side wall of the central tube (4).

4. The dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor with swirl flow and semi-circular groove flow guidance as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the center of the upper semi-circular guide channel (5) and the top of the central tube (4) is 25~50mm.

5. The dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor with swirl flow and semi-circular groove flow guidance as described in claim 1 or 4, characterized in that: The diameters of the upper semi-circular guide groove (5) and the lower semi-circular guide groove (6) are 8~12mm.

6. The dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor with swirl flow and semi-circular groove flow guidance as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The lower part of the central tube (4) is provided with a diameter reduction component (8).

7. The dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor with swirl flow and semi-circular groove flow guidance as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The reduced diameter component (8) is an annular boss with a trapezoidal cross-section, and the inner diameter of the annular boss is 1 / 2 to 3 / 5 of the inner diameter of the central tube (4).

8. The dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor with swirl flow and semi-circular groove flow guidance as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The flow-dispersing baffle (10) has a conical structure, and the bottom diameter of the flow-dispersing baffle (10) is larger than the inner diameter of the central tube (4).

9. The dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor with swirl flow and semi-circular groove flow guidance as described in claim 8, characterized in that: The bottom diameter of the flow-dispersing baffle (10) is 1.5 to 2.5 times the inner diameter of the central tube (4).

10. The dual-enhanced tubular gas-liquid distributor with swirl flow and semi-circular groove flow guidance as described in claim 8 or 9, characterized in that: The flow-dispersing baffle (10) is provided with 15 to 20 flow-breaking slits (11) evenly distributed along the circumference.

11. A gas-liquid distribution plate, characterized in that: Includes a distribution disc (7) and a tubular gas-liquid distributor as described in claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9 or 10. The distribution disc (7) is provided with a mounting hole (12). The lower end of the central tube (4) of the tubular gas-liquid distributor is inserted into the mounting hole (12), and the multiple semi-circular guide grooves of the tubular gas-liquid distributor are all located above the distribution disc (7).

12. A gas-liquid distribution plate, characterized in that: Includes a distribution disc (7) and a tubular gas-liquid distributor as described in claim 6 or 7. The distribution disc (7) is provided with a mounting hole (12). The lower end of the central tube (4) of the tubular gas-liquid distributor is inserted into the mounting hole (12). The lower semi-circular guide groove (6) of the tubular gas-liquid distributor is located above the distribution disc (7), and the reduced diameter part (8) is located below the distribution disc (7).

13. A fixed-bed reactor, comprising a fixed-bed reactor body, characterized in that: The fixed-bed reactor body is provided with the gas-liquid distribution plate as described in claim 11 or 12.

14. The fixed-bed reactor as described in claim 13, characterized in that: The design of the gas-liquid distribution plate needs to meet the following conditions: ； in, w For distributor tube spacing; u g This refers to the gas phase velocity. Q g Where S is the gas phase flux and S is the reactor cross-sectional area; x For the distribution plate opening ratio, l To allocate the space below the plate, r The radius of the center tube.

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