A method for installing a slideway cross beam

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for installing a slideway shaped beam, which comprises the following steps: pretreatment of the shaped beam, entry of the shaped beam into water, positioning of the shaped beam on the water surface, sinking of the shaped beam, underwater positioning of the shaped beam, placing the shaped beam in place, and fine-tuning and fixing; the shaped beam floats in water by the buoyancy of an air bag, and is pulled along the diagonal of the shaped beam by four anchor ropes, the anchor ropes give the shaped beam a downward component force to overcome the buoyancy of the air bag so as to drive the shaped beam to move into the water, the buoyancy that can be provided by the air bag is adjustable by inflating the air bag, the resistance of a winch when winding up the anchor rope can be reduced by appropriately reducing the buoyancy provided by the air bag, and the control of the shaped beam can be easier and more flexible.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of slideway construction, and in particular to a method for installing a slideway cross beam. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous rise of my country's shipbuilding industry and the increase in demand for shipbuilding and repair, the slideway has also been developing continuously. Prefabricated and installed crisscross beam slideways are a common structural form of slideways. Due to the characteristics of the slideway function, the construction of the slideway will inevitably involve the difficulty of underwater construction. At present, the common practice is to prefabricate the crisscross beam and then hoist the crisscross beam. However, due to the certain slope of the slideway, part of the crisscross beam is located underwater. When hoisting the crisscross beam, it is necessary to tilt the crisscross beam at a certain angle and lower it into the water to accurately align it with the underwater pipe piles. However, the mass of the crisscross beam is large, and the tilt angle of the crisscross beam is not easy to control during the hoisting process. Summary of the invention

[0003] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a method for installing a slideway cross beam, which enables the inclination angle and position of the cross beam to be better controlled during the installation process.

[0004] The technical solution of this application is as follows:

[0005] A method for installing a slideway cross beam, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

[0006] The first step is the pretreatment of the cross beam:

[0007] Install the fixing frame on the prefabricated cross beam, install the pulleys arranged in a matrix on the fixing frame, and install the level gauge on the four sides of the fixing frame. Fix the airbags on the fixing frame, the airbags have deflation valves, and the airbags are arranged in a matrix on the outside of the cross beam;

[0008] The second step is to put the well-shaped beam into the water:

[0009] Lift the cross beam and lower it to the water surface, inflate all the air bags so that the cross beam can float on the water surface; two barges each with two winches travel to the positions on both sides of the slideway, each winch leads out an anchor rope, passes around the pulley on the fixed frame, and the end of the anchor rope is fixed below the pile head;

[0010] The third step is to locate the water surface of the well beam:

[0011] The winches connected to the four anchor ropes tighten the anchor ropes respectively, and adjust the position of the cross beam on the water surface by winding the length of the anchor ropes until the cross beam moves above the corresponding pipe piles; tighten the two anchor ropes far from the shore, so that the end of the cross beam away from the shore tilts downward until the tilt angle of the cross beam reaches the predetermined angle;

[0012] Step 4: sinking of the well beam:

[0013] The depth to which the crisscross beam needs to sink is roughly measured, and an adjustment interval is reserved. The length of each anchor rope that needs to be reeled in is calculated, and the ratio of the lengths of the four anchor ropes that need to be reeled in is obtained. The four winches reel in the anchor ropes synchronously or in steps in proportion, so that the crisscross beam can maintain a good positioning on the water surface and move vertically downward. The winches reel in each anchor rope in multiple times. After each completion, the diver can observe and determine the status of the crisscross beam through the spirit level, and make corresponding adjustments to the status of the crisscross beam through the winch.

[0014] The fifth step is underwater positioning of the cross beam. When the cross beam sinks to the adjustment range, it is precisely positioned. The positioning method of the cross beam is the same as the positioning method in the third step. Divers observe the relative position between the cross beam and the pile head underwater, and adjust the winding length of the four anchor ropes through the winch to align the position of the cross beam with the position of the pipe pile, and make the inclination angle of the cross beam consistent with the angle of the slideway.

[0015] Step 6. When the cross beam is in place, the diver releases the gas in the airbag again, so that the buoyancy generated by the airbag is smaller than the overall gravity of the cross beam. The cross beam slowly sinks and falls to the pile cap.

[0016] The seventh step is to fine-tune and fix the beam. The diver observes whether the position of the zigzag beam is accurate. If it is accurate, the gas bag is released to fix the zigzag beam. If the error exceeds the allowable range, the gas bag can be re-inflated to make the zigzag beam suspended. The diver manually pushes the zigzag beam into place and then releases all the gas in the gas bag to fix the zigzag beam. After the zigzag beam is placed, the fixing frame is removed for the next zigzag beam.

[0017] The present application is further configured to: mark the level fixed to the side with a mark corresponding to the correct tilt angle.

[0018] The present application is further configured as follows: the four winches use waterproof controllers, the controllers are wired or remotely controlled, and the cross beam is operated by divers after entering the water.

[0019] The present application is further configured as follows: in the fourth step, the adjustment range is 0-20 cm, each winch winds the anchor rope three times, and the winding length is the same each time.

[0020] The present application is further configured as follows: the fixing frame is fixed to the steel beam of the cross beam by using U-shaped bolts; when one cross beam is completed, it is removed together with the airbag on the fixing frame and used for the next cross beam.

[0021] The present application is further configured to use a steel plate processed and installed at the tail end of the cross beam, and the guide steel plate is processed into an eight-shaped guide. When the next cross beam is installed, it is sunk along the eight-shaped guide edge and installed to the specified position. The installation guide can be installed and fixed on the cross beam using the embedded bolts of the cross beam. The side is reinforced vertically and horizontally with ribbed plates, and extends 70 centimeters from the tail of the cross beam to limit the left and right deviation of the next cross beam.

[0022] The present application is further configured as follows: before the cross-shaped beam enters the water, the pile head is processed, and a steel pile cap with a built-in slope is processed. The inclination angle of the pile cap top plate is consistent with the inclination angle of the slideway. According to the measured pile cutting length, the pipe pile is cut to ensure that the cut is flat and straight. After the cutting is completed, the pile cap is fixed to the pile head.

[0023] In summary, the beneficial effects of this application are:

[0024] 1. The cross beam floats in the water through the buoyancy of the airbag, and is pulled along the diagonal of the cross beam by 4 anchor ropes. The anchor ropes give the cross beam a downward component force to overcome the buoyancy of the airbag to drive the cross beam into the water. By inflating the airbag, the buoyancy provided by the airbag is adjustable. By appropriately reducing the buoyancy provided by the airbag, the resistance of the winch when reeling in the anchor rope can be reduced, and the control of the cross beam can be easier.

[0025] 2. The fixing frame and the cross beam are detachable, which can be used to lift the cross beam and adjust the posture of the cross beam during installation. It has high integration and can be detached and reused. The fixing frame is equipped with a level gauge, and divers can observe the posture of the cross beam in the water through the level gauge;

[0026] 3. The cross beam is corrected in water for multiple times to ensure that the cross beam can be accurately placed in the corresponding position at one time, reducing the process of repeated lifting and correction;

[0027] 4. The end of the anchor rope is fixed to the pipe pile, so that the position of the end of the anchor rope under water can be determined, which is convenient for the staff to calculate the length of the anchor rope that needs to be reeled in by the winch. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the slide;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of the pipe pile;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a top view of the well beam positioning;

[0031] Figure 4 Side view of the underwater positioning of the well-shaped beam.

[0032] Description of reference numerals:

[0033] 1. Slideway; 2. Cross beam; 3. Pipe pile; 4. Pile cap; 5. Fixed frame; 51. Pulley; 6. Mounting seat; 61. Airbag; 7. Barge; 71. Winch; 8. Anchor rope; 81. Hoop. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, in this embodiment, the slideway 1 is inclined with a slope of 15:1. Part of the slideway 1 is on the shore and part is below the water surface. The slideway 1 is formed by splicing a plurality of cross beams 2 end to end. Two rows of pipe piles 3 are arranged below the water surface. Figure 2 As shown, the pipe pile 3 adopts a large diameter PHC pipe pile 3, and 4 pipe piles 3 correspond to one cross beam 2. After the pipe pile 3 is constructed, the pile head of the pipe pile 3 needs to be processed, and the steel pile cap 4 with a slope is processed. The slope of the top plate of the pile cap 4 is consistent with the slope of the slide 1, which is 15:1. According to the measured pile cutting length, the pipe pile 3 is cut to ensure that the cut is flat and straight. After the cutting is completed, the pile cap 4 is fixed to the pile head. The cross beam 2 is two concrete structures connected by steel beams. Each group of cross beams 2 consists of 2 main beams and 3 connecting beams. Before construction preparation, two barges 7 travel to both sides of the slide 1.

[0035] The following is a detailed description of the installation steps of the slideway 1 and the cross beam 2 installation method:

[0036] The first step is the pre-processing of the well beam 2:

[0037] The fixing frame 5 is installed on the prefabricated cross beam 2. The fixing frame 5 is welded by channel steel. The fixing frame 5 is a rectangular frame. The connecting beam of the cross beam 2 is fixed to the fixing frame 5 by multiple U-shaped bolts. The pulleys 51 arranged in a matrix are installed on the fixing frame 5; and the level is installed on the four sides of the fixing frame 5. The level located on both sides of the arrangement direction of the cross beam 2 has positioning marks. The positioning marks are the scales corresponding to the level of the inclination degree of the slideway 1. When the level is tilted to the preset angle of the slideway 1, the positioning marks are made on the level for later reading.

[0038] A bowl-shaped mounting seat 6 is installed outside the fixing frame 5, with the opening of the mounting seat 6 facing downward. The mounting seat 6 is used to fix the airbag 61, and the bottom of the airbag 61 is provided with a deflation valve. The airbag 61 is arranged in a matrix on the outside of the cross beam 2.

[0039] The guide steel plate is processed into an eight-shaped guide. When the next well-shaped beam 2 is installed, it is sunk along the eight-shaped guide edge and installed to the specified position. The installation guide can be fixed on the well-shaped beam 2 using the pre-embedded bolts of the well-shaped beam 2. The side is reinforced longitudinally and transversely with ribbed plates, and extends 70 cm from the tail of the well-shaped beam 2 to limit the left and right deviation of the next well-shaped beam 2.

[0040] Step 2: The well beam 2 enters the water:

[0041] The cross beam 2 is lifted by a crane and lowered to the water surface, and the airbags 61 are connected to the air pump and all the airbags 61 are inflated so that the cross beam 2 can float on the water surface; the two barges 7 are each equipped with two winches 71, and each winch 71 leads out an anchor rope 8, which passes over the pulley 51 on the fixed frame 5. The end of the anchor rope 8 is fixed with a clamp 81, and is fixed to the four pipe piles 3 through the clamp 81, so that the four winches 71 are distributed on the diagonal line of the cross beam 2, and the anchor rope 8 is retracted and released by the winch 71 on the barge 7. The end of the anchor rope 8 is fixed below the pile head. The fixing method of the end of the anchor rope 8 can be selected to anchor near the corresponding pipe pile 3 and lead out four anchor ropes 8, or to anchor below the pre-installed center position of the cross beam 2 and lead out four anchor ropes 8.

[0042] Step 3: Positioning of the water surface of the well beam 2:

[0043] The winch 71 connected to the four anchor ropes 8 tightens the anchor ropes 8 respectively, and adjusts the position of the cross beam 2 on the water surface by the length of the winding anchor ropes 8 until the cross beam 2 moves above the corresponding pipe piles 3; the two anchor ropes 8 far away from the shore are tightened to make the end of the cross beam 2 away from the shore tilt downward until the inclination angle of the cross beam 2 is consistent with the angle of the slideway 1.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, the four pulleys 51 are A, B, C, and D respectively. The first thing to be completed is the adjustment of the horizontal position. The winch 71 pre-tightens all the anchor ropes 8. By reeling in the anchor ropes 8 by each winch 71, the cross beam 2 is translated on the water surface. That is, if the cross beam 2 is expected to move in a certain direction, the winch 71 in the corresponding direction will be tightened, and the other winches 71 will be unreeled, until the winch 71 moves to the top of the pre-installed position. After adjustment, the cross beam 2 is leveled by reeling in the corresponding anchor rope 8. The principle of leveling is consistent with the principle of translation of the cross beam 2. If point A is too high, the winch 71 corresponding to point A will be reeled in to sink the position of point A of the cross beam 2. If point B is too high, the winch 71 corresponding to point B will be reeled in, and so on, until leveling is achieved. Since the cross beam 2 needs to be installed at an angle, the CD side of the cross beam 2 needs to be lower than the AB side, and the winch 71 corresponding to the CD pulley 51 needs to be reeled in first. Under the action of the anchor rope 8, the CD side will sink a certain distance, so that the cross beam 2 has a certain slope, that is, the AB side and the CD side remain horizontal. The above positioning is a rough positioning, and a certain error is allowed.

[0045] Step 4: The well beam 2 sinks:

[0046] The depth that the cross beam 2 needs to sink is roughly measured, and 20 cm is reserved as an adjustment interval. The trigonometric function is used to calculate the length of each anchor rope 8 that needs to be reeled in, and the ratio of the lengths that need to be reeled in between the four anchor ropes 8 is obtained. The four winches 71 reel in the anchor ropes 8 synchronously or step by step in proportion, so that the cross beam 2 can maintain a good positioning on the water surface and move vertically downward. In order to reduce the resistance to sinking, the gas in part of the air bag 61 can be released to make the buoyancy of the air bag 61 close to the overall gravity of the cross beam 2.

[0047] In order to ensure that the state of the cross beam 2 remains unchanged during the sinking process, the winch 71 reels each anchor rope 8 three times. After each reel is completed, the diver can observe and determine the state of the cross beam 2 through the spirit level, and make corresponding adjustments to the state of the cross beam 2 through the winch 71.

[0048] The fifth step is to position the cross beam 2 underwater. The cross beam 2 sinks to a distance of 10-20CM from the pile head of the pipe pile 3, and accurately positions the cross beam 2. The positioning method of the cross beam 2 is the same as the positioning method in the third step. The diver observes the relative position between the cross beam 2 and the pile head underwater, and adjusts the winding length of the four anchor ropes 8 through the winch 71 to align the position of the cross beam 2 with the position of the pipe pile 3, and to make the inclination angle of the cross beam 2 consistent with the angle of the slide 1; the four winches 71 use waterproof controllers, which can be wired or remotely controlled. After the cross beam 2 enters the water, it is operated underwater by the diver.

[0049] Step 6: When the cross beam 2 is in place, the diver releases the gas in the airbag 61 again, so that the buoyancy generated by the airbag 61 is smaller than the overall gravity of the cross beam 2, and the cross beam 2 slowly sinks and falls to the pile cap 4.

[0050] Step 7: fine-tune and fix. The diver observes whether the position of the cross beam 2 is accurate. If it is accurate, the gas bag 61 is released and the cross beam 2 is fixed. If the error exceeds 2 cm, the gas bag 61 can be re-inflated to make the cross beam 2 in a suspended state. The diver manually pushes the cross beam 2 into place, and then releases all the gas in the gas bag 61 to fix the cross beam 2. When one cross beam 2 is placed, the fixing frame 5 is removed for the next cross beam 2.

[0051] Since the airbag 61 has an air release valve, after the cross beam 2 is placed in the water, the buoyancy provided by the airbag 61 can be adjusted by releasing the gas in the airbag 61; in the second step, the cross beam 2 floats on the water surface, and before positioning, the cross beam 2 can be leveled by inflating and releasing the airbag 61. After leveling, the winch 71 is used to drive the cross beam 2 to translate on the water surface. During the leveling process, the diver can read the spirit level on the fixed frame 5 and appropriately release the gas in the airbag 61 at the corresponding position, and the accuracy is relatively high.

[0052] When the cross beam 2 enters the water, the four winches 71 located on the diagonal line tighten the four anchor ropes 8 respectively, and then the buoyancy of the airbag 61 on the fixed frame 5 can keep the position of the cross beam 2 fixed and not easily shaken by the water flow. When the cross beam 2 is distributed and sinks in the fourth step, the adjustment and positioning of the cross beam 2 is more accurate, and the winch 71 corresponding to point A is wound up, and point A sinks immediately. The diver can make corrections and adjustments in real time according to the state of the cross beam 2 in the water. Moreover, the distance between the cross beam 2 and the pile cap 4 can be observed in real time to avoid excessive winding of the anchor rope 8 by the winch 71 due to measurement errors.

[0053] In the sixth step, when the cross beam 2 is very close to the pile cap 4, after completing the positioning again, the gas in the airbag 61 can be further released. During the deflation of the airbag 61, the cross beam 2 will gradually enter a suspended state, and the diver can push the cross beam 2 to further adjust the position of the cross beam 2. The adjustment process is relatively successful. The diver can use the pipe pile 3 as a fulcrum to push the cross beam 2. In this process, since the anchor rope 8 can have a certain limiting effect on the cross beam 2, that is, the cross beam 2 can move in the 10CM-20CM range above the pile cap 4, which is the upper limit of the upper range. It can only move downward for a certain distance before it can move in a certain horizontal space. Therefore, when the diver pushes the cross beam 2 to move, there is no need to worry about applying too much force to cause the cross beam 2 to be seriously dislocated.

Claims

1. A method for installing a slideway cross beam, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The first step is the pretreatment of the cross beam: The prefabricated crisscross beam is installed with a fixing frame, and pulleys arranged in a matrix are installed on the fixing frame; and a level is installed on the four sides of the fixing frame; the fixing frame fixes the airbag, which has a deflation valve and is arranged in a matrix on the outside of the crisscross beam; The second step is to put the well-shaped beam into the water: Lift the cross beam and lower it to the water surface, inflate all the air bags so that the cross beam can float on the water surface; two barges each with two winches travel to the positions on both sides of the slideway, each winch leads out an anchor rope, passes around the pulley on the fixed frame, and the end of the anchor rope is fixed to the pipe pile; The third step is to locate the water surface of the well beam: The winches connected to the four anchor ropes tighten the anchor ropes respectively, and adjust the position of the cross beam on the water surface by winding the length of the anchor ropes until the cross beam moves above the corresponding pipe piles; tighten the two anchor ropes far from the shore, so that the end of the cross beam away from the shore tilts downward until the tilt angle of the cross beam reaches the predetermined angle; Step 4: sinking of the well beam: The depth that the zigzag beam needs to sink is roughly measured, and the adjustment interval is reserved. The length that each anchor rope needs to be reeled in is calculated, and the length ratio of the four anchor ropes that need to be reeled in is obtained. The four winches reel in the anchor ropes synchronously or step by step in proportion, so that the zigzag beam can maintain a good position on the water surface and move vertically downward. The winches reel in each anchor rope in multiple times. After each completion, the diver can observe and determine the state of the zigzag beam through the level instrument, and make corresponding adjustments to the state of the zigzag beam through the winch; The fifth step is underwater positioning of the cross beam. When the cross beam sinks to the adjustment interval, the cross beam is accurately positioned. The positioning method of the cross beam is the same as that in the third step. Divers observe the relative position between the cross beam and the pile head underwater, and adjust the winding length of the four anchor ropes through the winch to align the position of the cross beam with the position of the pipe pile, and make the inclination angle of the cross beam consistent with the angle of the slideway; Step 6: When the cross beam is in place, the diver releases the gas in the airbag again, so that the buoyancy generated by the airbag is smaller than the overall gravity of the cross beam, and the cross beam slowly sinks and falls to the pile cap; The seventh step is to fine-tune and fix the beam. The diver observes whether the position of the zigzag beam is accurate. If it is accurate, the gas bag is released to fix the zigzag beam. If the error exceeds the allowable range, the gas bag can be re-inflated to make the zigzag beam suspended. The diver manually pushes the zigzag beam into place and then releases all the gas in the gas bag to fix the zigzag beam. After the zigzag beam is placed, the fixing frame is removed for the next zigzag beam.

2. A method for installing a slideway cross beam according to claim 1, characterized in that: Mark the level fixed to the side with the correct tilt angle.

3. A method for installing a slideway cross beam according to claim 2, characterized in that: The four winches use waterproof controllers, which are wired or remotely controlled. After the cross beam enters the water, it is operated by divers.

4. A method for installing a slideway cross beam according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the fourth step, the adjustment range is 0-20cm, and each winch winds the anchor rope three times, with the same length each time.

5. A method for installing a slideway cross beam according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fixing frame is fixed to the steel beam of the cross beam by U-shaped bolts; when one cross beam is placed, it is removed together with the air bag on the fixing frame and used for the next cross beam.

6. A method for installing a slideway cross beam according to claim 5, characterized in that: The steel plate is processed and installed at the end of the cross beam. The guide steel plate is processed into an eight-shaped guide. When the next cross beam is installed, it is sunk along the eight-shaped guide edge and installed to the specified position. The installation guide can be fixed on the cross beam with the embedded bolts of the cross beam. The side is reinforced vertically and horizontally with ribbed plates, and extends 70 cm from the end of the cross beam to limit the left and right deviation of the next cross beam.

7. A method for installing a slideway cross beam according to claim 6, characterized in that: Before the cross-shaped beam enters the water, the pile head is processed and a steel pile cap with a built-in slope is processed. The inclination angle of the pile cap top plate is consistent with the inclination angle of the slideway. According to the measured pile cutting length, the pipe pile is cut to ensure that the cut is flat and straight. After the cutting is completed, the pile cap is fixed at the pile head.

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