The invention provides an installation method of an air floating structure transport ship based on a self-propelled integrated ship, which comprises the following steps of: loading an air floating structure to be installed on a
deck of a semi-submersible
barge, transporting the air floating structure to a preset submerging pit position through a
towing system of the semi-submersible
barge and finishing anchoring and positioning, submerging the semi-submersible
barge to a target submerging depth, and completing the installation of the air floating structure. Water enters the cavity of the air floatation structure; when the
water level in the cavity reaches the preset water sealing height, the self-propelled ship body sails to the position above the semi-submersible barge, and mechanical
butt joint is completed through the connecting
assembly and the air floating structure. And after
butt joint is completed,
compressed air is injected into a cavity of the air floating structure, and the air floating structure is separated from the semi-submersible barge and reaches a floating state. The self-propelled
hull drags the air floating structure to sail to a target mounting position; when the air floating structure is installed, air in the cavity is exhausted, and the air floating structure sinks by means of
self weight. And after the air floating structure sinks and stabilizes by virtue of
self weight, negative pressure pumping operation is performed on the cavity, so that the air floating structure finally sinks to a designed mounting elevation under the action of negative pressure.