A monitoring and prediction method for the dynamic changes of Hibiscus mealybug in forest green areas

Abstract

The present invention aims to solve technical problems such as large errors and high costs in dynamic monitoring of hibiscus mealybugs in forest green spaces, and provides a monitoring and prediction method for the dynamic changes of hibiscus mealybugs in forest green spaces. By scientifically selecting target plant leaves and adopting a variety of technical means that can effectively promote the shedding of hibiscus mealybugs in a targeted manner, the hibiscus mealybugs on the leaves are accurately and effectively collected. Finally, through filtering and counting, the changing pattern of the number of hibiscus mealybugs in the target forest green space is statistically analyzed, and a corresponding data model is constructed to scientifically predict the dynamic changes in the number of hibiscus mealybugs during the peak season.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of pest monitoring, and in particular to a method for monitoring and predicting the dynamic changes of hibiscus mealybugs in forest green lands. Background Art

[0002] Forestry pests, often called "smokeless forest fires," can severely damage forestry resources and are a major factor hindering forestry development and the development of an ecological civilization. In recent years, forestry pests have become increasingly common in my country, posing a serious threat to national ecological security, forest food safety, and even economic and trade security.

[0003] The hibiscus mealybug is a major pest that harms gardens, vegetables, and field crops. The insect causes damage by sucking sap from female adults and nymphs. The living female hibiscus mealybug is oval and light yellow. The legs are red and the belly button is black. It is covered with a thin wax powder, 0 to 2 pairs of which can be seen on the thorax, and 3 pairs of black spots can be seen on the abdomen. There are wax protuberances on the body edge, which are all short and thick, and 4 to 5 pairs are longer at the end of the abdomen. After removing the wax powder, 2 black spots can be seen on the sub-median area of ​​the dorsal surface of the prothorax and mesothorax, and 2 black spots on the sub-median area of ​​the dorsal surface of the 1st to 4th abdominal segments. The hibiscus mealybug ( Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley ) belongs to the order Homoptera ( Hemiptera ), Coccoidea ( Coccoidea ), Mealycodidae ( Pseudococcidae ), Phenacoccidae ( Phenacoccinae ), Phenacoccus spp. ( Phenacoccus This pest is found in over 35 countries and regions worldwide and has been found in 13 provinces in my country. It harms grain crops, vegetables, fruit trees, ornamental flowers and trees, and a variety of weeds. Its host plants include over 100 plant species, including corn, cotton, potato, hibiscus, Suaeda salsa, yarrow, ragweed, sunflower, pumpkin, castor bean, lupine, hollyhock, goldenrod, Physalis, eggplant, and Lantana camara. This pest has a strong reproductive capacity, rapid population growth, and is prone to outbreaks. It is a highly dangerous alien pest and is listed as a quarantine pest for imported plants in China.

[0004] At present, the dynamic monitoring of the hibiscus cotton mealybug in forest green spaces mostly adopts technical means such as naked eye estimation and remote camera. However, these methods have disadvantages such as large monitoring errors, inaccurate monitoring results, and high monitoring costs. In order to effectively monitor the dynamic changes of the hibiscus cotton mealybug in forest green spaces, a monitoring method with simple operation, low cost and reliable monitoring results is needed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve technical problems such as large errors and high costs in dynamic monitoring of hibiscus mealybugs in forest green spaces, and provides a monitoring and prediction method for the dynamic changes of hibiscus mealybugs in forest green spaces. By scientifically selecting target plant leaves and adopting a variety of technical means that can effectively promote the shedding of hibiscus mealybugs in a targeted manner, the hibiscus mealybugs on the leaves are accurately and effectively collected. Finally, through filtering and counting, the changing pattern of the number of hibiscus mealybugs in the target forest green space is statistically analyzed, and a corresponding data model is constructed to scientifically predict the dynamic changes in the number of hibiscus mealybugs during the peak season.

[0006] The monitoring and prediction method of the present invention is scientific and reasonable, easy to operate, and can be operated by ordinary staff. The obtained detection and prediction results are accurate, and the monitoring cost is relatively low. In addition, the collection method of the hibiscus cotton mealybug has no substantial effect on the insect body, but only temporarily reduces the activity ability of the hibiscus cotton mealybug, which is helpful for the final filtration count. The collected hibiscus cotton mealybug can quickly restore normal activity and can continue to be used for other research or other purposes.

[0007] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for monitoring and predicting the dynamic changes of hibiscus mealybugs in forest green areas comprises the following steps:

[0009] (1) Target leaf selection: During the peak season of hibiscus mealybugs, 10 survey points were randomly selected in the target forest green land, 2 target plants were randomly selected at each survey point, and 10 leaves were randomly cut from each target plant;

[0010] (2) Ultraviolet treatment: Place the 200 leaves obtained in a yellow collection bucket and irradiate them with ultraviolet light for 3 minutes. The ultraviolet light emitted by the ultraviolet light has a wavelength of 200-220nm.

[0011] (3) Ultrasonic treatment: The collection bucket is treated with ultrasonic waves at a frequency of 20KHz for 2 minutes;

[0012] (4) Alcohol soaking: Pour 10% alcohol into the collection bucket until the leaves are completely immersed, and soak for 10 minutes;

[0013] (5) Soaking in sucrose solution: Add 100-150g of sucrose to the alcohol solution in the collection bucket, stir carefully along the inner wall of the bucket with a stirring rod, and soak for 10 minutes;

[0014] (6) Soaking in repellent: Add 100g of Hibiscus cotton mealybug repellent to the collection bucket. The repellent formula used is: by weight, 5 parts of acetylpyrazine, 5 parts of aloe-emodin, 5 parts of epoxy resin, 5 parts of limonene, 2 parts of oleanolic acid, 2 parts of palmitic acid, 3 parts of salt, 3 parts of acetic acid, 1 part of caffeic acid, 1 part of lysine, 1 part of aspartic acid, 1 part of lauric acid, 0.5 parts of formaldehyde, 0.5 parts of vitamin E, and 0.5 parts of santalol; stir carefully along the inner wall of the bucket with a stirring rod and soak for 5 minutes;

[0015] (7) Filtration and counting: Take out the leaves and use a suitable filter cloth to filter the insect liquid in the collection bucket to collect the hibiscus mealybugs and count them;

[0016] (8) Repeat the above steps (1) to (7) every three days, statistically analyze the changing patterns of the number of Hibiscus cotton mealybugs in the target forest green land, and construct a corresponding data model; using this data model, scientific predictions can be made on the dynamic changes in the number of Hibiscus cotton mealybugs during the peak season.

[0017] In view of the parasitic characteristics and living habits of the hibiscus cotton mealybug, the present invention has targetedly selected ultraviolet treatment, ultrasonic treatment, alcohol immersion, sucrose solution immersion, repellent immersion and other treatment methods in sequence, which can completely and effectively remove the hibiscus cotton mealybug on the leaves. The monitoring results are accurate, which greatly reduces the monitoring cost of the hibiscus cotton mealybug in forest green spaces.

[0018] Both 200-220nm ultraviolet light and 20kHz ultrasound have a significant stimulating effect on the hibiscus mealybug. Short-term ultraviolet and ultrasound treatment can effectively promote the detachment of hibiscus mealybugs from leaves. Low concentrations of alcohol have a significant effect on the legs of the hibiscus mealybug, stimulating leg contraction and facilitating larvae's detachment from leaves. The antennae of the hibiscus mealybug are sensitive to sucrose solutions, which can weaken their antennae and reduce their parasitic nature.

[0019] The present invention, through extensive and creative screening experiments, has identified a repellent specifically targeting the hibiscus mealybug (Phyllococcus spp.) on leaves. Acetylpyrazine is a common insect repellent component, while aloe-emodin, epoxy resin, and limonene are newly discovered chemical substances that can effectively repel the hibiscus mealybug. The aloe-emodin, epoxy resin, and limonene act synergistically to effectively stimulate the hibiscus mealybug on leaves and promote their detachment from the leaves. Furthermore, the addition of oleanol, palmitic acid, caffeic acid, and lauric acid not only enhances the stimulating effect of aloe-emodin, epoxy resin, and limonene on the hibiscus mealybug, but also strengthens the insect's mobility, prompting it to detach from the leaves. The addition of salt, acetic acid, lysine, aspartic acid, formaldehyde, vitamin E and santalol has a good harmonizing effect on the repellent, improves the softness of the entire repellent, harmonizes the repellent function of aloe-emodin, epoxy resin and limonene, as well as palmitic acid, caffeic acid and lauric acid, and plays a finishing touch on the entire repellent. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] 1. A method for monitoring and predicting the dynamic changes of Hibiscus sempervirens in forest green lands, comprising the following steps:

[0021] (1) Target leaf selection: During the peak season of hibiscus mealybugs, 10 survey points were randomly selected in the target forest green land, 2 target plants were randomly selected at each survey point, and 10 leaves were randomly cut from each target plant;

[0022] (2) Ultraviolet treatment: Place the 200 leaves obtained in a yellow collection bucket and irradiate them with ultraviolet light for 3 minutes. The ultraviolet light emitted by the ultraviolet light has a wavelength of 200-220nm.

[0023] (3) Ultrasonic treatment: The collection bucket is treated with ultrasonic waves at a frequency of 20KHz for 2 minutes;

[0024] (4) Alcohol soaking: Pour 10% alcohol into the collection bucket until the leaves are completely immersed, and soak for 10 minutes;

[0025] (5) Soaking in sucrose solution: Add 100-150g of sucrose to the alcohol solution in the collection bucket, stir carefully along the inner wall of the bucket with a stirring rod, and soak for 10 minutes;

[0026] (6) Soaking in repellent: Add 100g of Hibiscus cotton mealybug repellent to the collection bucket. The repellent formula used is: by weight, 5 parts of acetylpyrazine, 5 parts of aloe-emodin, 5 parts of epoxy resin, 5 parts of limonene, 2 parts of oleanolic acid, 2 parts of palmitic acid, 3 parts of salt, 3 parts of acetic acid, 1 part of caffeic acid, 1 part of lysine, 1 part of aspartic acid, 1 part of lauric acid, 0.5 parts of formaldehyde, 0.5 parts of vitamin E, and 0.5 parts of santalol; stir carefully along the inner wall of the bucket with a stirring rod and soak for 5 minutes;

[0027] (7) Filtration and counting: Take out the leaves and use a suitable filter cloth to filter the insect liquid in the collection bucket to collect the hibiscus mealybugs and count them;

[0028] (8) Repeat the above steps (1) to (7) every three days, statistically analyze the changing patterns of the number of Hibiscus cotton mealybugs in the target forest green land, and construct a corresponding data model; using this data model, scientific predictions can be made on the dynamic changes in the number of Hibiscus cotton mealybugs during the peak season.

[0029] 2. Screening of physical treatment methods for Hibiscus cotton mealybug

[0030] According to the parasitic characteristics and living habits of the hibiscus cotton mealybug, some physical treatment methods will affect its parasitism. The experimenters cut the leaves and branches of plants parasitized by the hibiscus cotton mealybug, tested the effects of various physical means on them, and finally screened out ultraviolet rays and ultrasound, which had more obvious effects. The screening test showed that short-term ultraviolet rays and ultrasound treatment can effectively promote the detachment of the hibiscus cotton mealybug from leaves and branches.

[0031] In order to optimize the wavelength and irradiation time of the ultraviolet light used, the experimenters conducted several groups of comparative experiments. For leaves and branches with similar parasitic amounts of hibiscus mealybugs, wavelength gradients of 180-200, 200-220, 220-240, 240-260, 260-280, and 280-300nm and irradiation time gradients of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 minutes were set respectively. According to the experimental results, the wavelength of 200-220nm and irradiation for 3 minutes was finally selected as the one that had the greatest impact on the parasitism of hibiscus mealybugs.

[0032] In order to optimize the frequency and treatment time of the ultrasound, the experimenters conducted several groups of comparative experiments. For leaves and branches with similar parasitic amounts of hibiscus mealybugs, they set frequency gradients of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 kHz and treatment time gradients of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 minutes respectively. According to the experimental results, they finally selected the frequency of 20 kHz for 2 minutes, which had the greatest impact on the parasitic effects of hibiscus mealybugs.

[0033] 3. Screening of chemical treatment methods for Hibiscus cotton mealybug

[0034] At the same time, according to the parasitic characteristics and living habits of the hibiscus cotton mealybug, some chemical treatment methods will affect its feet, antennae and other parts, thereby affecting its parasitism. The experimenters cut the leaves and branches of plants parasitized by the hibiscus cotton mealybug, tested the effects of various chemical reagents on them, and finally screened out alcohol and sucrose, which had more obvious effects. The screening test showed that low concentrations of alcohol and sucrose can effectively promote the separation of the hibiscus cotton mealybug from leaves and branches.

[0035] In order to optimize the alcohol concentration and soaking time, the experimenters conducted several groups of comparative experiments. For leaves and branches with similar parasitic amounts of hibiscus mealybugs, they set concentration gradients of 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60% by volume and soaking time gradients of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes, respectively. Based on the experimental results, they finally selected 10% alcohol soaking for 10 minutes, which had the greatest impact on the parasitic effects of hibiscus mealybugs.

[0036] In order to optimize the sucrose concentration and soaking time, the experimenters conducted several groups of comparative experiments. For leaves and branches with similar parasitic amounts of hibiscus mealybugs, concentration gradients of 10g / L, 20g / L, 40g / L, 60g / L, 80g / L, and 100g / L and soaking time gradients of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 minutes were set respectively. The experimental results showed that the effects of different concentrations of sucrose solution on its parasitism were not significantly different, but all were significantly better than the blank control group; and the soaking time had a greater effect on the parasitism of hibiscus mealybugs, among which soaking for 10 minutes had the greatest effect.

[0037] At the same time, the researchers found that if the alcohol and sucrose solutions were mixed first and then soaked in the leaves and branches infested with hibiscus mealybugs, the effect was significantly less than soaking them in alcohol first and then sucrose. The pre-mixing of the alcohol and sucrose solutions may have weakened their effects on the legs and antennae of the hibiscus mealybugs to some extent. Therefore, the final treatment method was to soak the leaves and branches in the alcohol solution for 10 minutes, followed by soaking them in the sucrose solution for another 10 minutes. The researchers also found that if alcohol and sucrose were added directly to the repellent and soaked together with the repellent, their effect on the parasitic hibiscus mealybugs was far less than soaking them sequentially. It is possible that some components in the repellent weakened the effects of alcohol and sucrose on the hibiscus mealybugs.

[0038] 4. Screening of repellents for Hibiscus cotton mealybugs

[0039] The present invention has screened out chemical substances that can effectively repel hibiscus cotton mealybugs through a large number of creative screening tests: aloe-emodin, epoxy resin, and limonene. At the same time, studies have shown that aloe-emodin, epoxy resin, and limonene can act synergistically with each other, and have a significantly greater effect on hibiscus cotton mealybugs than a single agent, and can effectively stimulate hibiscus cotton mealybugs on leaves and branches, and effectively promote the hibiscus cotton mealybugs to fall off the leaves and branches. Therefore, the experimenters preliminarily determined a hibiscus cotton mealybug repellent with aloe-emodin, epoxy resin and limonene, as well as the conventional insect repellent acetylpyrazine as the core. At the same time, in order to enhance the repellent effect of the repellent, a large number of screening tests were conducted to screen out some effective additives: oleanol, palmitic acid, caffeic acid, and lauric acid. The addition of the above four additives not only enhanced the stimulating effect of aloe-emodin, epoxy resin and limonene on hibiscus cotton mealybug, but also enhanced the activity of hibiscus cotton mealybug, prompting it to fall off leaves or branches. At the same time, the study also showed that the effect of adding the above four additives at the same time on hibiscus cotton mealybug was significantly better than that of a single additive.

[0040] Since the collected hibiscus cotton mealybugs will be used for other research or other purposes, the collected hibiscus cotton mealybugs need to be able to recover normal activity ability quickly. Therefore, based on the above repellent ingredients, the experimenters have screened effective blending agents through a large number of effective experiments: salt, acetic acid, lysine, aspartic acid, formaldehyde, vitamin E, and santalol. The above blending agents have a good blending function on the repellent, improve the softness of the entire repellent, and blend the repellent functions of aloe-emodin, epoxy resin and limonene, as well as dianthin, palmitic acid, caffeic acid and lauric acid, which play a finishing touch on the entire repellent. It not only ensures the effective repellent effect of the entire repellent on hibiscus cotton mealybugs, but also weakens the adverse effects of the repellent on hibiscus cotton mealybugs to a certain extent, which is conducive to the reuse of hibiscus cotton mealybugs after filtration and counting. After a lot of creative work, the researchers determined the ingredients of the above-mentioned special repellent for hibiscus cotton mealybugs. As for the optimization of its ratio, the researchers conducted a large number of ratio comparison tests and determined the best formula of the special repellent for hibiscus cotton mealybugs based on the optimal repellent effect, namely: by weight, 5 parts of acetylpyrazine, 5 parts of aloe-emodin, 5 parts of epoxy resin, 5 parts of limonene, 2 parts of oleanol, 2 parts of palmitic acid, 3 parts of salt, 3 parts of acetic acid, 1 part of caffeic acid, 1 part of lysine, 1 part of aspartic acid, 1 part of lauric acid, 0.5 parts of formaldehyde, 0.5 parts of vitamin E, and 0.5 parts of santalol.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring and predicting the dynamic changes of Hibiscus sabdariffa in forest green lands, characterized by: The following steps are involved: (1) Target leaf selection: During the peak season of hibiscus mealybugs, 10 survey points were randomly selected in the target forest green land, 2 target plants were randomly selected at each survey point, and 10 leaves were randomly cut from each target plant; (2) Ultraviolet treatment: Place the 200 leaves obtained in a yellow collection bucket and irradiate them with ultraviolet light for 3 minutes. The ultraviolet light emitted by the ultraviolet light has a wavelength of 200-220nm. (3) Ultrasonic treatment: The collection bucket is treated with ultrasonic waves at a frequency of 20KHz for 2 minutes; (4) Alcohol soaking: Pour 10% alcohol into the collection bucket until the leaves are completely immersed, and soak for 10 minutes; (5) Soaking in sucrose solution: Add 100-150g of sucrose to the alcohol solution in the collection bucket, stir carefully along the inner wall of the bucket with a stirring rod, and soak for 10 minutes; (6) Soaking in repellent: Add 100g of Hibiscus cotton mealybug repellent to the collection bucket. The repellent formula used is: by weight, 5 parts of acetylpyrazine, 5 parts of aloe-emodin, 5 parts of epoxy resin, 5 parts of limonene, 2 parts of oleanolic acid, 2 parts of palmitic acid, 3 parts of salt, 3 parts of acetic acid, 1 part of caffeic acid, 1 part of lysine, 1 part of aspartic acid, 1 part of lauric acid, 0.5 parts of formaldehyde, 0.5 parts of vitamin E, and 0.5 parts of santalol; stir carefully along the inner wall of the bucket with a stirring rod and soak for 5 minutes; (7) Filtration and counting: Take out the leaves and use a suitable filter cloth to filter the insect liquid in the collection bucket to collect the hibiscus mealybugs and count them; (8) Repeat the above steps (1) to (7) every three days, statistically analyze the changing patterns of the number of Hibiscus cotton mealybugs in the target forest green land, and construct a corresponding data model; using this data model, scientific predictions can be made on the dynamic changes in the number of Hibiscus cotton mealybugs during the peak season.