Device for carbon dioxide capture and desorption

Abstract

The application provides a device for carbon dioxide capture and desorption. The carbon dioxide adsorption gas path transports the gas in the environment, and the gas is introduced into the adsorption device. The amine system adsorption device in the adsorption device adsorbs carbon dioxide. The thin layer bed is connected to the discharge port of the adsorption device. The adsorption material for adsorbing carbon dioxide is sent into the thin layer bed and vertically transported in the transportation channel. The carbon dioxide adsorption gas path flows through the transportation channel and is adsorbed with the adsorption material in the transportation channel once. The thin layer bed sends the adsorption material for adsorbing carbon dioxide into the desorption device to release carbon dioxide. By setting the carbon dioxide adsorption gas path, the thin layer bed and the adsorption device adsorb carbon dioxide twice. The gas containing high-concentration carbon dioxide is adsorbed with the adsorption material which needs to be desorbed once, and then introduced into the adsorption device for secondary adsorption. Through the two adsorption processes, the carbon dioxide adsorption capacity is improved, and the adsorption rate is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of carbon capture technology, more particularly, to a device for carbon dioxide capture and desorption. BACKGROUND

[0002] The climate has changed significantly in the past 100 years, the global surface temperature has increased by 0.85℃ from 1880 to 2012, the last three decades are warmer than any decade since 1850; the global sea level has risen by 0.19 meters from 1901 to 2010, and the shrinking range of Arctic sea ice from 1979 to 2012 is 3.5%-4.1% per decade.

[0003] In recent years, in order to cope with global warming, curb the emission of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, control the increase of global average temperature within 2℃ compared with the pre-industrial period, and strive to limit the temperature increase within 1.5℃, the clear goal for coping with climate change.

[0004] About 60%-70% of carbon dioxide emissions come from industrial combustion, including emissions from industries such as cement, power plants, steel smelting, etc., flue gas refers to the gaseous substances generated by the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, which pollute the environment, the main components include carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapor, sulfide, etc. Among them, carbon dioxide accounts for a large part of flue gas.

[0005] At present, the most mature scheme for capturing carbon dioxide in flue gas by using organic amine, but the carbon dioxide capture process by organic amine has the disadvantages of large desorption energy consumption, toxic reaction solvent, large occupation area, and inability to capture low-concentration carbon dioxide.

[0006] Carbon dioxide is an important industrial gas, and the recovered carbon dioxide from flue gas can be used for enhanced oil recovery in oil fields or displacement of coalbed methane in coal mines or as an industrial raw material to produce methanol.

[0007] In addition, for a closed space, when the concentration of carbon dioxide reaches 1%, people will feel stuffy, dizzy, and palpitation; when it reaches 4-5%, people will feel short of breath, headache, and dizziness, and when it reaches 10%, people will suffer serious confusion, loss of consciousness, unconsciousness, and death. Especially for manned closed spaces such as submarines, space shuttles, space stations, and civil air defense sites, timely removal of carbon dioxide is particularly important. SUMMARY

[0008] Therefore, the present application provides a device for carbon dioxide capture and desorption to improve the adsorption capacity of carbon dioxide.

[0009] In order to achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0010] A device for capturing and desorbing carbon dioxide, comprising a desorption device for desorbing an adsorption material that adsorbs carbon dioxide, and an adsorption device for receiving the desorbed adsorption material output by the desorption device;

[0011] a thin-layer bed connected between the feed port of the desorption device and the discharge port of the adsorption device, wherein the thin-layer bed has a vertical arrangement and a conveying channel for conveying the adsorption material;

[0012] It also includes a carbon dioxide adsorption gas path that is connected to the adsorption gas pipe of the adsorption device, the air inlet end of which flows through the delivery channel, and the adsorption material in the delivery channel performs a primary carbon dioxide adsorption.

[0013] Preferably, in the above-mentioned carbon dioxide capture and desorption device, the thin-layer bed has an air inlet and an air outlet connected to the transport channel, and the carbon dioxide adsorption gas route is connected to the adsorption gas pipe through the air outlet.

[0014] Preferably, in the above-mentioned carbon dioxide capture and desorption device, the thin-layer bed comprises a cylindrical body, an exhaust cavity is arranged around the inner wall of the cylindrical body, an outer grating cylinder is arranged in the inner circle of the exhaust cavity, and the outer grating cylinder has an exhaust gap;

[0015] The exhaust cavity includes an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the air inlet is connected to the lower cavity, and the air outlet is connected to the upper cavity.

[0016] Preferably, in the above-mentioned carbon dioxide capture and desorption device, an inner filter cylinder with exhaust gaps is arranged in the middle of the cylindrical body, the middle of the inner filter cylinder forms a buffer chamber, and the conveying channel includes an annular conveying channel formed by the outer filter cylinder and the inner filter cylinder.

[0017] Preferably, in the above-mentioned carbon dioxide capture and desorption device, the top of the inner grating cylinder has a conical upper cover, the bottom of the inner grating cylinder has a conical lower cover, and a conical conveying channel is formed between the bottom of the thin-layer bed and the conical lower cover;

[0018] A settler is arranged on the top of the thin-layer bed, and the settler is connected to the discharge port of the adsorption device.

[0019] Preferably, in the above-mentioned carbon dioxide capture and desorption device, the diameter of the outer grating cylinder is 1.1 to 10.6 m, and the diameter of the inner grating cylinder is 1 to 10.5 m;

[0020] The exhaust gap is 30 to 250 μm, and the thickness of the annular conveying channel is 50 to 300 mm.

[0021] Preferably, in the above-mentioned carbon dioxide capturing and desorption device, the desorption device is arranged below the thin layer bed, the bottom of the thin layer bed is provided with an adsorbent discharge pipe, the feed inlet of the desorption device is provided with a first adsorbent screw conveyor pipe, and the adsorbent discharge pipe is communicated to the first adsorbent screw conveyor pipe.

[0022] Preferably, in the above-mentioned carbon dioxide capturing and desorption device, the feed inlet of the adsorption device is arranged with a second adsorbent screw conveyor pipe, and the first adsorbent discharge pipe of the discharge outlet of the desorption device is communicated to the second adsorbent screw conveyor pipe.

[0023] Preferably, in the above-mentioned carbon dioxide capturing and desorption device, a lift pipe is arranged at the top of the adsorption device, the carbon dioxide adsorption gas path is communicated to the bottom of the adsorption device through an adsorption fan, and the lift pipe is used to lift the adsorbent material and gas adsorbing carbon dioxide to the top of the thin layer bed.

[0024] Preferably, in the above-mentioned carbon dioxide capturing and desorption device, a steam coil for heat exchange of the adsorbent material capturing carbon dioxide is arranged in the desorption device, and hot steam is communicated into the steam coil.

[0025] Preferably, in the above-mentioned carbon dioxide capturing and desorption device, a cooling coil for cooling of the adsorbent material desorbing carbon dioxide is arranged in the adsorption device.

[0026] The device for carbon dioxide capturing and desorption provided by the present application comprises a desorption device for desorbing the adsorbent material adsorbing carbon dioxide, an adsorption device for receiving the adsorbent material after desorption output by the desorption device, a thin layer bed connected between the feed inlet of the desorption device and the discharge outlet of the adsorption device, and a conveying channel arranged vertically in the thin layer bed for conveying the adsorbent material.

[0027] The device further comprises a carbon dioxide adsorption gas path communicated to the adsorption device, the gas path has an inlet end flowing through the conveying channel and being subjected to primary carbon dioxide adsorption by the adsorbent material in the conveying channel. The carbon dioxide adsorption gas path conveys gas in the environment, the gas is communicated to the adsorption device to be subjected to carbon dioxide adsorption by the amine adsorption device in the adsorption device, the thin layer bed is connected to the discharge outlet of the adsorption device, the adsorbent material adsorbing carbon dioxide is sent to the thin layer bed and is vertically conveyed in the conveying channel, the carbon dioxide adsorption gas path flows through the conveying channel and is subjected to primary carbon dioxide adsorption by the adsorbent material in the conveying channel, and the thin layer bed sends the adsorbent material adsorbing carbon dioxide to the desorption device to release carbon dioxide. By arranging the carbon dioxide adsorption gas path, the gas containing high-concentration carbon dioxide is subjected to primary adsorption by the adsorbent material needing to be desorbed, and then is subjected to secondary adsorption by the adsorption device, thereby improving the carbon dioxide adsorption capacity and the adsorption rate through the two adsorption processes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the carbon dioxide capture and desorption device provided by the present invention.

[0030] Wherein: 1-thin layer bed, 2-adsorption material, 3-outer filter cylinder, 4-inner filter cylinder, 5-air inlet, 6-adsorbent discharge pipe, 7-first adsorbent spiral conveying pipe, 8-desorption device, 9-steam coil, 10-steam / CO2 distribution pipe, 11-heat medium water pipe, 12-first adsorbent discharge pipe, 13-second adsorbent spiral conveying pipe, 14-adsorption fan, 15-adsorption air pipe, 16-cooling coil, 17-adsorption device / cooler, 18-rising pipe, 19-conical lower cover, 20-lower cavity, 21-upper cavity, 22-conical upper cover, 23-top exhaust port, 101-carbon dioxide adsorption gas path. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The invention discloses a device for capturing and desorbing carbon dioxide, which improves the adsorption capacity of carbon dioxide.

[0032] The following will provide a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the carbon dioxide capture and desorption device provided by the present invention.

[0034] This embodiment provides a device for capturing and desorbing carbon dioxide, including a desorption device 8 for desorbing an adsorption material 2 that adsorbs carbon dioxide, an adsorption device 17 for receiving the desorbed adsorption material output by the desorption device 8; a thin layer bed 1 connected between the feed port of the desorption device 8 and the discharge port of the adsorption device 17, the thin layer bed 1 having a vertical arrangement and a conveying channel for conveying the adsorption material 2.

[0035] The carbon dioxide adsorption gas path 101 is also connected to the adsorption gas pipe 15 of the adsorption device 17, and the inlet end of the carbon dioxide adsorption gas path 101 flows through the conveying channel and is subjected to carbon dioxide adsorption by the adsorption material 2 in the conveying channel. The carbon dioxide adsorption gas path 101 conveys the gas in the environment to the adsorption device 17, and the carbon dioxide in the gas is adsorbed by the amine adsorption material in the adsorption device 17. The outlet of the adsorption device 17 is connected to the thin layer bed 1, and the adsorption material 2 that has adsorbed carbon dioxide is sent to the thin layer bed 1 and is conveyed vertically in the conveying channel. The carbon dioxide adsorption gas path 101 flows through the conveying channel and is subjected to carbon dioxide adsorption by the adsorption material 2 in the conveying channel. The thin layer bed 1 sends the adsorption material 2 that has adsorbed carbon dioxide to the desorption device 8 to release carbon dioxide. By providing the carbon dioxide adsorption gas path 101, the adsorption material 2 that needs to be desorbed is subjected to carbon dioxide adsorption twice by the thin layer bed 1 and the adsorption device 17. The gas containing high-concentration carbon dioxide is subjected to adsorption once, and then is subjected to adsorption again in the adsorption device 17. Through the two adsorption processes, the carbon dioxide adsorption capacity is improved, and the adsorption rate is improved.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present application, the thin layer bed 1 has an inlet 5 and an outlet connected to the conveying channel. The carbon dioxide adsorption gas path is connected to the adsorption gas pipe 15 through the outlet.

[0037] The thin layer bed 1 includes a cylindrical body. The inner wall of the cylindrical body is arranged around the exhaust cavity. The inner ring of the exhaust cavity is arranged with the outer filter cylinder 3. The outer filter cylinder 3 has exhaust gaps.

[0038] The exhaust cavity includes an upper cavity 21 and a lower cavity 20. The inlet 5 is connected to the lower cavity 20, and the outlet is connected to the upper cavity 21.

[0039] Preferably, the middle part of the cylindrical body is arranged with an inner filter cylinder 4 having exhaust gaps. The middle part of the inner filter cylinder 4 forms a gas buffer cavity. The conveying channel includes an annular conveying channel surrounded by the outer filter cylinder 3 and the inner filter cylinder 4.

[0040] Preferably, the diameter of the outer filter cylinder is 1.1-10.6 m, and the diameter of the inner filter cylinder is 1-10.5 m.

[0041] The exhaust gap is 30-250 μm, and the thickness of the annular conveying channel is 50-300 mm. The size specifications between different components are adjusted according to the increase or decrease of the equipment. The equipment can be enlarged in proportion, or can be adjusted in an exponential or logarithmic manner.

[0042] The adsorption material 2 is a solid amine adsorption material in a spherical shape, and is transported in the vertical thin bed 1. The thin bed 1 preferably has a straight cylinder structure, and has a cylindrical body, an exhaust cavity formed on the inner wall of the cylindrical body, and an upper cavity 21 and a lower cavity 20. The upper and lower cavities are separated by a baffle plate arranged in the middle of the cavity structure.

[0043] The gas inlet 5 is connected to the lower cavity 20, and the gas outlet is connected to the upper cavity 21.

[0044] In an embodiment, the top of the inner filter grid cylinder 4 has a conical upper cover 22, the bottom of the inner filter grid cylinder 4 has a conical lower cover 19, and a conical transport channel is formed between the bottom of the thin bed 1 and the conical lower cover 19.

[0045] The top of the thin bed 1 is provided with a settler connected to the discharge port of the adsorption device 17.

[0046] The adsorption material 2 is transported from top to bottom in the annular transport channel of the thin bed 1. The thin bed 1 has two cavities, an upper cavity 21 and a lower cavity 20, arranged between the cylindrical structures of the straight cylinder section. The gas enters the adsorption material layer in the annular channel through the exhaust gap on the outer filter grid cylinder 3 from the lower cavity 20, and then enters the gas buffer cavity through the exhaust gap on the inner filter grid cylinder 4.

[0047] At this time, the gas buffer cavity is filled with adsorbed carbon dioxide, and the gas flow is again discharged from the upper cavity 21 after passing through the adsorption material layer, realizing two times of capture and improving the adsorption rate. This is the first adsorption.

[0048] The gas after the second adsorption of the thin bed 2 enters the adsorption device 17, which is a cooler. In the cooler 17, carbon dioxide and the adsorption material after desorption of carbon dioxide are in gas-solid close contact adsorption again, realizing efficient adsorption of carbon dioxide in the gas flow. This is the second adsorption.

[0049] By designing the thin bed 1 from top to bottom, the gas flow is perpendicular to the vertical thin bed, and the carbon dioxide (CO2) is adsorbed along the annular transport channel of the thin bed 1. This gas inlet process realizes the speed reduction of the gas flow through the upper cavity 21, the lower cavity 20 and the gas buffer cavity, and can capture CO2 under the condition of ultra-low pressure drop of 0.3-1 kPa. It can be applied to large-scale CO2 capture, and can reduce equipment investment and CO2 capture cost.

[0050] The CO2 is directly captured from the air, and the carbon dioxide adsorption gas path 101 is provided with a flow power by the adsorption fan 14, and then the carbon dioxide is sent to the cooler 17 for further carbon dioxide adsorption, so as to realize the continuous production of the carbon dioxide adsorption work, and the CO2 capture rate can reach 70% to 90%, and the CO2 product with a purity of 95% to 99% can be produced.

[0051] In an embodiment of the present application, the desorption device 8 is arranged below the thin layer bed 1, the bottom of the thin layer bed 1 is provided with the adsorbent discharge pipe 6, the feeding port of the desorption device 8 is provided with the first adsorbent screw conveying pipe 7, and the adsorbent discharge pipe 6 is communicated to the first adsorbent screw conveying pipe 7.

[0052] The desorption device 8 is provided with the steam coil 9 for heat exchange of the adsorption material for capturing carbon dioxide, and hot steam is introduced into the steam coil 9. The steam coil 9 is a serpentine heating coil. Specifically, the desorption device 8 is internally provided with the serpentine steam heating coil 9, the steam / CO2 distribution pipe 10 and the heat medium water pipe 11, and the lower end is communicated to the lower part of the cooler 17 through the second adsorbent screw conveying pipe 13.

[0053] When the desorption device 8 desorbs the input adsorption material, the adsorption saturated adsorption material 2 is conveyed to the desorption device 8 through the first adsorbent screw conveying pipe 7, the desorption device 8 is provided with the steam coil 9, hot steam is introduced into the steam coil 9, the hot steam is condensed into water under the action of the temperature difference between the inside and outside of the steam coil 9, the adsorption material 2 is heated to 110-115℃ by using the condensation heat, and the steam in the fluid state is introduced at the same time, so that the resin is in the bubbling state, the heat exchange between all the adsorption materials and the steam coil is ensured, after heating, the adsorption material 2 desorbs the high concentration CO2, the CO2 gas flows upward, and is collected by the carbon dioxide gas collecting port at the top of the desorption device 8, and the process is provided with a leading power by the fan. After the desorption of the adsorption material, the adsorption material is recycled part of the heat through the heat medium water pipe, and then is sent to the adsorption device 17 below through the second adsorbent screw conveying pipe 13.

[0054] The adsorption device 17 is specifically a cooler, the feeding port of the adsorption device 17 is arranged with the second adsorbent screw conveying pipe 13, and the first adsorbent discharge pipe 12 of the discharge port of the desorption device 8 is communicated to the second adsorbent screw conveying pipe 13.

[0055] The top of the adsorption device 17 is arranged with the lifting pipe 18, the carbon dioxide adsorption gas path 101 is introduced into the bottom of the adsorption device 17 through the adsorption fan 14, and the lifting pipe 18 is used to lift the adsorption material and gas for adsorbing carbon dioxide to the top of the thin layer bed 1.

[0056] The adsorption device 17 is provided with a cooling coil 16 for cooling the adsorption material for desorbing carbon dioxide. By arranging the thin layer bed 1 and the desorption device 8 in an up-down manner and arranging the adsorption device 17 on one side, the adsorption and desorption equipment of carbon dioxide is arranged compactly, occupies a small area, and has no waste product and waste liquid discharge.

[0057] The adsorption of carbon dioxide in the gas flow is carried out through two adsorptions. The gas is introduced into the thin layer bed 1 under the action of the adsorption fan 14, the adsorption material 2 in the thin layer bed 1 flows downward at a certain flow rate, and the gas flow passes through the adsorption material layer of the thin layer bed 1 twice at a certain flow rate, so that the gas and solid phases are fully contacted to complete the first adsorption reaction. The gas after the adsorption of the thin layer bed 1 enters the cooler 17, the bottom of which is provided with an adsorption gas pipe 15, the gas is uniformly distributed at the bottom of the cooler 17 through the adsorption gas pipe 15, and flows out from the upper opening into the bottom of the riser 18. During the upward flow of the gas flow, the gas flow and the adsorption material have a second adsorption reaction in the cooler 17, and then enter the high-speed riser 18 to complete the high-efficiency trapping of CO2.

[0058] The upper end of the riser 18 is connected to the settler at the top of the thin layer bed 1, the adsorption material enters the settler from the riser 18, and the adsorption material and the gas flow flow downward at high speed, the adsorption material falls into the settler below due to the penetration and gravity, and the gas flow flows upward and is directly discharged from the gas outlet 23 at the top of the settler.

[0059] The adsorption device 17 is a cooler (the same number is used here), and the desorption device 8 desorbs the saturated adsorption carbon dioxide. The adsorption material discharged from the first adsorbent discharge pipe 12 is in a high-temperature state, and in order to ensure the adsorption capacity of the adsorption material after desorption, it needs to be cooled. The adsorption material output from the first adsorbent discharge pipe 12 is high-temperature adsorption material at 110-115°C, which enters the cooler 17, and the cooler 17 is provided with a cooling coil 16, and 20-25°C circulating cooling water is introduced, so that the adsorption material exchanges heat with the cooling water to cool the adsorption material, and the cooled adsorption material can be used for re-adsorption.

[0060] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A carbon dioxide capture and desorption apparatus, characterized by, The desorption device is connected to the feed inlet of the thin layer bed and between the discharge outlet of the adsorption device, the thin layer bed has a vertical arrangement and a conveying channel for conveying the adsorption material; The carbon dioxide adsorption gas path is further connected to the adsorption gas pipe of the adsorption device, the gas inlet end of the carbon dioxide adsorption gas path flows through the conveying channel and is subjected to carbon dioxide adsorption by the adsorption material in the conveying channel; The thin layer bed has a gas inlet and a gas outlet connected to the conveying channel, and the carbon dioxide adsorption gas path is connected to the adsorption gas pipe through the gas outlet; The thin layer bed includes a cylindrical main body, an exhaust cavity is arranged around the inner wall of the cylindrical main body, an outer filter grid cylinder is arranged in the inner ring of the exhaust cavity, and the outer filter grid cylinder has an exhaust gap; The exhaust cavity includes an upper cavity and a lower cavity, the gas inlet is connected to the lower cavity, and the gas outlet is connected to the upper cavity. The middle part of the cylindrical main body is arranged with an inner filter grid cylinder having an exhaust gap, the middle part of the inner filter grid cylinder surrounds a gas buffer cavity, and the conveying channel includes an annular conveying channel surrounded by the outer filter grid cylinder and the inner filter grid cylinder.

2. The carbon dioxide capture and desorption device of claim 1, wherein, The top of the inner filter grid cylinder has a conical upper cover, the bottom of the inner filter grid cylinder has a conical lower cover, and a conical conveying channel is formed between the bottom of the thin layer bed and the conical lower cover; 3. The carbon dioxide capture and desorption device of claim 2, wherein, The top of the thin layer bed is arranged with a settler connected to the discharge outlet of the adsorption device. The diameter of the outer filter grid cylinder is 1.1-10.6 m, and the diameter of the inner filter grid cylinder is 1-10.5 m; 4. The carbon dioxide capture and desorption device of claim 2, wherein, The exhaust gap is 30-250 μm, and the thickness of the annular conveying channel is 50-300 mm. The desorption device is arranged below the thin layer bed, an adsorbent discharge pipe is arranged at the bottom of the thin layer bed, a first adsorbent screw conveying pipe is arranged at the feed inlet of the desorption device, and the adsorbent discharge pipe is connected to the first adsorbent screw conveying pipe.

5. The carbon dioxide capture and desorption device of any one of claims 1-4, wherein, A second adsorbent screw conveying pipe is arranged at the feed inlet of the adsorption device, and a first adsorbent discharge pipe at the discharge outlet of the desorption device is connected to the second adsorbent screw conveying pipe.

6. The carbon dioxide capture and desorption device of claim 5, wherein, A lift pipe is arranged at the top of the adsorption device, the carbon dioxide adsorption gas path is connected to the bottom of the adsorption device through an adsorption fan, and the lift pipe is used to lift the adsorption material and gas adsorbing carbon dioxide to the top of the thin layer bed.

7. The carbon dioxide capture and desorption device of claim 6, wherein, A steam coil for heat exchange with the adsorption material capturing carbon dioxide is arranged in the desorption device, and hot steam is introduced into the steam coil.

8. The carbon dioxide capture and desorption device of claim 4, wherein, A cooling coil for cooling the adsorption material desorbing carbon dioxide is arranged in the adsorption device.

9. The carbon dioxide capture and desorption device of claim 4, wherein, ​

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