Oil and gas separator and engine

Abstract

The application discloses an oil-gas separator and an engine and belongs to the technical field of oil-gas separators.The oil-gas separator comprises a storage groove which is annularly recessed in the bottom baffle with the axis of the rotating shaft assembly as the center, the storage groove is communicated with the throwing-out channel, an oil-water separation filter material is arranged in the storage groove and separates the storage groove into an oil storage cavity and a water storage cavity, and a water outlet is arranged in the side wall of the storage groove and communicated with the water storage cavity.The application can not only intercept the oil vapor in the crankcase to form liquid, play the role of oil-gas separation, but also further separate the water in the separated oil, play the role of oil-water separation, finally reduce the water content in the oil, prolong the service life of the oil and better protect the engine.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of oil-gas separators, in particular to an oil-gas separator and an engine. BACKGROUND

[0002] Now the emissions of the crankcase ventilation system are included in the vehicle emission test project, and become one of the influencing factors of emissions, so the crankcase ventilation filter (also known as an oil-gas separator) has become a standard for almost all engines.

[0003] The existing oil-gas separator intercepts and liquefies the oil vapor in the original crankcase ventilation system to separate the oil and return it to the engine, but in this process, a small amount of water vapor in the crankcase gas is also intercepted and liquefied into water, which returns to the engine together with the liquefied oil. This part of water will form oil emulsion with engine oil during engine operation, greatly shortening the replacement and maintenance cycle of engine oil, ultimately affecting the service life of engine oil and the performance of the engine. This problem is particularly prominent in natural gas engines and hydrogen engines, and is more serious in low temperature environments.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgent to provide an oil-gas separator and an engine to solve the above problems. SUMMARY

[0005] The present application aims to provide an oil-gas separator and an engine that not only separates oil and gas, but also separates oil and water, reducing the water content in the filtered oil.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the following technical solutions are provided:

[0007] The oil-gas separator comprises a housing assembly, a base assembly, a rotating shaft assembly, a bottom partition plate and a gas outlet cavity assembly, the inner cavity of the base assembly is an oil return cavity, the bottom partition plate is arranged between the housing assembly and the base assembly, one end of the rotating shaft assembly provided with a separation impeller is rotatably arranged on the bottom partition plate through a bearing, one end of the rotating shaft assembly provided with an oil-gas separation filter element is rotatably arranged in the inner cavity of the housing assembly, a flinging-out channel is formed between the outer sidewall of the oil-gas separation filter element and the inner sidewall of the housing assembly, and a cavity is formed between the bottom sealing plate of the gas outlet cavity assembly and the bottom partition plate, and the oil-gas separator further comprises:

[0008] A storage groove is annularly recessed in the bottom partition plate with the axis of the rotating shaft assembly as the center, and the storage groove is in communication with the flinging-out channel;

[0009] An oil-water separation filter material is arranged in the storage groove and separates the storage groove into an oil storage cavity and a water storage cavity;

[0010] A water outlet is arranged on the sidewall of the storage groove and is in communication with the water storage cavity.

[0011] As an alternative of the oil-gas separator, opposite inner walls of the storage tank are respectively provided with a first step surface and a second step surface, and the oil-water separation filter material is attached to the first step surface and the second step surface.

[0012] As an alternative of the oil-gas separator, the height of the first step surface relative to the tank bottom of the storage tank is equal to the height of the second step surface relative to the tank bottom of the storage tank, and the longitudinal section of the oil storage cavity is in a trapezoidal structure.

[0013] As an alternative of the oil-gas separator, the height of the first step surface relative to the tank bottom of the storage tank is greater than the height of the second step surface relative to the tank bottom of the storage tank.

[0014] As an alternative of the oil-gas separator, a mounting beam is arranged at the tank opening of the storage tank, an outer peripheral wall of the gas outlet cavity assembly is provided with a mounting portion, the mounting portion is mounted on the mounting beam by using fasteners, and the outer peripheral wall of the gas outlet cavity assembly abuts against the flat end surface of the bottom partition plate.

[0015] As an alternative of the oil-gas separator, the outer peripheral wall of the gas outlet cavity assembly is provided with an inflow hole penetratingly arranged, so as to communicate the cavity with the oil storage cavity.

[0016] As an alternative of the oil-gas separator, the bottom sealing plate of the gas outlet cavity assembly is provided with a plurality of supporting protrusions, and the plurality of supporting protrusions abut against the flat end surface of the bottom partition plate.

[0017] As an alternative of the oil-gas separator, the bottom partition plate is concavely arranged with an avoiding portion, and the avoiding portion is engaged with the outer wall surface of the injection channel of the base assembly.

[0018] As an alternative of the oil-gas separator, a sealing ring is arranged at the connection between the bottom partition plate and the shell assembly.

[0019] An engine comprising the oil-gas separator as described above, the shell assembly is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, the gas outlet cavity assembly arranged in the shell assembly is communicated with the air outlet, one end of the drain port extends out of the base assembly, the crankcase of the engine is communicated with the air inlet, and the oil pan of the engine is communicated with the oil return port of the base assembly.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0021] The oil-gas separator provided by the application has an annular storage groove recessed on the bottom baffle, and a spray channel in the base assembly sprays oil to the separation impeller, so that the rotor drives the oil-gas separation filter core to rotate, the oil vapor initially entering the shell is filtered by the oil-gas separation filter core of the rotating shaft assembly, and the liquefied oil and part of the water are centrifugally thrown into the throwing channel and flow downward along the inner wall of the shell assembly to the storage groove of the bottom baffle, because the density of the oil is less than the density of the water, the water in the bottom layer is absorbed by the oil-water separation filter material in the lower part of the storage groove and flows out quickly through the water storage cavity and the water outlet, the oil in the upper layer cannot flow downward due to the obstruction of the oil-water separation filter material, and accumulates to a certain height in the upper part of the oil storage cavity and then returns to the base assembly through the gap of the bearing and finally returns to the engine oil sump to participate in subsequent work. Not only can the oil vapor in the crankcase be intercepted to form liquid to play the role of oil-gas separation, but also the water in the separated oil can be further separated to play the role of oil-water separation, so that the water content in the oil is reduced, the service life of the oil is prolonged, and the engine is better protected.

[0022] The engine provided by the application not only can filter the oil vapor in the crankcase to form liquid to play the role of oil-gas separation, but also can further separate the water in the separated oil to play the role of oil-water separation, reduce the water content in the oil, and prolong the service life of the engine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments of the present application will be briefly introduced. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor on the basis of the contents of the embodiments of the present application and the drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 It is a front view of the oil-gas separator in the embodiment of the present application.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a right view of the oil-gas separator in the embodiment of the present application.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a first perspective exploded view of the oil-gas separator in the embodiment of the present application.

[0027] Figure 4 It is a second perspective exploded view of the oil-gas separator in the embodiment of the present application.

[0028] Figure 5 It is a sectional view of the oil-gas separator in the embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Figure 6 Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the oil-water separation filter according to the present application; Figure 5 Fig. 2 is an enlarged view of the portion A in Fig. 1;

[0030] Figure 7 Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a first storage groove in an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Figure 8 Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a second storage groove in an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Figure 9 Fig. 5 is a structural schematic view of a bottom partition plate in an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Figure 10 Fig. 6 is a perspective view of the oil-water separation filter according to the present application; Figure 9 Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the portion B in Fig. 6;

[0034] Figure 11 Fig. 8 is a schematic view of the flow path of the oil after the oil-gas separation in an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Figure 12 Fig. 9 is a schematic view of the flow path of the water after the oil-gas separation in an embodiment of the present application.

[0036] Reference signs:

[0037] 1, housing assembly; 2, base assembly; 3, bottom partition plate; 4, rotating shaft assembly; 5, bearing; 6, air outlet cavity assembly; 7, throwing-out passage; 8, cavity; 9, oil-water separation filter material; 10, water outlet;

[0038] 11, air inlet; 12, air outlet;

[0039] 21, oil return cavity; 22, injection passage; 23, oil return port; 24, through hole;

[0040] 31, storage groove; 311, first step surface; 312, second step surface; 32, oil storage cavity; 33, water storage cavity; 34, mounting beam; 35, flat end surface; 36, avoiding portion; 37, sealing ring;

[0041] 41, separation impeller; 42, bearing; 43, oil-gas separation filter core; 44, rotor;

[0042] 61, bottom sealing plate; 62, outer peripheral wall; 63, mounting portion; 64, fastener; 65, inflow hole; 66, supporting protrusion. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some but not all of the embodiments of the present application. The components of the embodiments of the present application generally described and shown in the drawings can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0044] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present application provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed application, but only represents selected embodiments of the application. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0045] It should be noted that: similar reference numbers and letters represent similar items in the following drawings, therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent drawings.

[0046] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship when the product of the present application is usually placed, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms "first", "second", "third" and the like are only used to distinguish the description and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, the meaning of "a plurality of" is two or more.

[0047] In the description of the present application, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise specified and limited, the terms "provided", "connected" should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixedly connected, or detachably connected, or integrally connected; it can be mechanically connected, or electrically connected. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0048] In the present application, unless specifically stated and limited otherwise, the "on" or "under" of a first feature to a second feature can include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, the "on", "above" and "over" of a first feature to a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or only indicates that the first feature is higher than the second feature in horizontal height. The "under", "below" and "under" of a first feature to a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or only indicates that the first feature is lower than the second feature in horizontal height.

[0049] Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to examples illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which the same or similar components are denoted by the same or similar reference numerals throughout. The embodiments described below by reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are for the purpose of explanation only, and are not to be understood as limiting the present application.

[0050] The existing oil-gas separator intercepts and liquefies the oil vapor in the original crankcase ventilation system into engine oil and separates it to return to the engine, but in this process, a small amount of water vapor in the crankcase gas is also intercepted and liquefied into water, which returns to the engine together with the liquefied engine oil. This part of water will form oil emulsion with engine oil during engine operation, greatly shortening the replacement and maintenance period of engine oil, and ultimately affecting the service life of engine oil and the performance of the engine. This problem is particularly prominent on natural gas engines, hydrogen engines, and is more serious in low temperature environments.

[0051] In order to reduce the water content in the engine oil after the oil-gas separator is filtered, the present embodiment provides an oil-gas separator, which is described below in combination with Figures 1 to 12 The specific content of the present embodiment is described in detail.

[0052] As Figures 1 to 10As shown, the oil-gas separator comprises a shell assembly 1, a base assembly 2, a rotating shaft assembly 4, a bottom partition plate 3 and an air outlet cavity assembly 6. The inner cavity of the base assembly 2 is an oil return cavity 21. The bottom partition plate 3 is arranged between the shell assembly 1 and the base assembly 2. One end of the rotating shaft assembly 4 provided with a separation impeller 41 is rotatably arranged on the bottom partition plate 3 through a bearing 42. One end of the rotating shaft assembly 4 provided with an oil-gas separation filter element 43 is rotatably arranged in the inner cavity of the shell assembly 1. The outer side wall of the oil-gas separation filter element 43 and the inner side wall of the shell assembly 1 form a throwing-out channel 7. The bottom sealing plate 61 of the air outlet cavity assembly 6 and the bottom partition plate 3 form an air cavity 8. The oil-gas separator further comprises a storage groove 31, an oil-water separation filter material 9 and a water outlet 10. The storage groove 31 is annularly recessed in the bottom partition plate 3 with the axis of the rotating shaft assembly 4 as the center and is in communication with the throwing-out channel 7. The oil-water separation filter material 9 is arranged in the storage groove 31 and separates the storage groove 31 into an oil storage cavity 32 and a water storage cavity 33. The water outlet 10 is arranged on the side wall of the storage groove 31 and is in communication with the water storage cavity 33.

[0053] In short, the oil-gas separator provided by the present application has the annular storage groove 31 recessed on the bottom partition plate 3. The injection channel 22 in the base assembly 2 sprays oil to the separation impeller 41, so that the rotor 44 drives the oil-gas separation filter element 43 to rotate. The oil vapor initially entering the shell is filtered by the oil-gas separation filter element 43 of the rotating shaft assembly 4, and the liquefied oil and part of the water are centrifugally thrown into the throwing-out channel 7 and flow downward along the inner wall of the shell assembly 1 to the storage groove 31 of the bottom partition plate 3. Because the density of the oil is less than that of the water, the water is stratified. The bottom layer of water is absorbed by the oil-water separation filter material 9 at the lower part of the storage groove 31 and quickly flows out through the water storage cavity 33 and the water outlet 10. The upper layer of oil cannot flow downward due to the obstruction of the oil-water separation filter material 9 and accumulates to a certain height in the upper part of the oil storage cavity 32. Then the oil flows back to the base assembly 2 through the air cavity 8 between the bottom partition plate 3 and the bottom sealing plate 61 of the air outlet cavity assembly 6 and finally returns to the oil pan of the engine to participate in subsequent work. Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the oil-gas separator not only intercepts the oil vapor in the crankcase to form liquid and plays the role of oil-gas separation, but also further separates the water in the separated oil to play the role of oil-water separation, thereby reducing the water content in the oil, prolonging the service life of the oil and better protecting the engine.

[0054] Further, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 The opposite two inner walls of the storage groove 31 are respectively provided with a first step surface 311 and a second step surface 312, and the oil-water separation filter material 9 is attached to the first step surface 311 and the second step surface 312. By adding the first step surface 311 and the second step surface 312, the oil-water separation filter material 9 is conveniently installed and placed.

[0055] In some application scenarios, as shown in Figure 6 The height of the first step surface 311 relative to the bottom of the storage groove 31 is equal to the height of the second step surface 312 relative to the bottom of the storage groove 31, and the longitudinal section of the oil storage cavity 32 is in a trapezoidal structure. By using the inverted trapezoidal structure, the oil-water separation filter material 9 is more firmly installed as it moves downward relative to the storage groove 31.

[0056] In some application scenarios, as shown in Figure 8 The height of the first step surface 311 relative to the bottom of the storage groove 31 is greater than the height of the second step surface 312 relative to the bottom of the storage groove 31, and the oil-water separation filter material 9 is inclinedly arranged on the first step surface 311 and the second step surface 312. On the one hand, the depth of the left side of the oil storage cavity 32 in Figure 5 is greater than the depth of the right side, and the oil-water left in the shell assembly 1 preferentially enters the left side of the oil storage cavity 32 with a greater depth, facilitating the stratification of the oil-water, and the stratified oil floats to the right side of the oil storage cavity 32 with a shallower depth and then flows into the cavity 8 and enters the gap of the bearing 42; on the other hand, the contact area of the oil-water separation filter material 9 with the oil-water is increased, and the separation speed of the oil-water separation filter material 9 is accelerated.

[0057] Further, as shown in Figure 9 The storage groove 31 is provided with a mounting beam 34 at the opening, the outer peripheral wall 62 of the air outlet cavity assembly 6 is provided with a mounting portion 63, the mounting portion 63 is mounted on the mounting beam 34 by a fastener 64, and the outer peripheral wall 62 of the air outlet cavity assembly 6 abuts against the flat end surface 35 of the bottom partition plate 3. Specifically, the storage groove 31 is provided with a plurality of mounting beams 34 at the opening, which facilitates the mounting of the air outlet cavity assembly 6 on the bottom partition plate 3.

[0058] Further, as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 The outer peripheral wall 62 of the air outlet cavity assembly 6 is provided with a plurality of inflow holes 65, so that the cavity 8 and the oil storage cavity 32 are in communication. Specifically, the outer peripheral wall 62 of the air outlet cavity assembly 6 is provided with a plurality of inflow holes 65 in a circumferential direction. In this embodiment, the inflow holes 65 are rectangular. In other embodiments, the inflow holes 65 can also be circular or irregularly shaped holes, etc., which are not limited here.

[0059] Optionally, in other application scenarios, a flow guide groove can be recessed in the flat end surface 35, one end of the flow guide groove is in communication with the oil storage cavity 32, and the other end of the flow guide groove is in communication with the mounting position of the bearing 42, so that the oil accumulated in the oil storage cavity 32 flows through the flow guide groove to the mounting position of the bearing 42.

[0060] Further, as shown in Figure 4As shown, the bottom sealing plate 61 of the air outlet assembly 6 has several supporting protrusions 66, which abut against the flat end face 35 of the bottom partition plate 3. By providing multiple supporting protrusions 66 on the side of the bottom sealing plate 61 near the flat end face 35, the air outlet assembly 6 is provided with auxiliary support.

[0061] Furthermore, the bottom partition 3 is recessed with a clearance portion 36, which engages with the outer wall of the injection channel 22 of the base assembly 2. This facilitates the assembly of the bottom partition 3 with the base assembly 2 and prevents structural interference between the bottom partition 3 and the outer wall of the injection channel 22. Even further, the heights of the first step surface 311 and the second step surface 312 are both less than the protrusion height of the clearance portion 36. Therefore, the oil-water separation filter material 9 has a notched, non-complete annular structure.

[0062] In this embodiment, the oil-water separation filter material 9 is made of hydrophilic and oleophobic material. The surface of the oil-water separation filter material 9 is provided with multiple undulating corner edges to increase the contact area between oil and water and the oil-water separation filter material 9, thereby accelerating the filtration speed of the oil-water separation filter material 9.

[0063] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, a sealing ring 37 is provided at the connection between the bottom partition 3 and the housing assembly 1. Specifically, a limiting groove is provided at the lower opening of the housing assembly 1, and the sealing ring 37 is installed in the limiting groove. The sealing performance at the connection between the bottom partition 3 and the housing assembly 1 is improved by adding the sealing ring 37.

[0064] This embodiment also provides an engine including an oil-gas separator. An air inlet 11 and an air outlet 12 are provided on a housing assembly 1. An air outlet chamber assembly 6 located within the housing assembly 1 communicates with the air outlet 12. One end of a drain outlet 10 extends out of a base assembly 2 through a through hole 24. The engine crankcase communicates with the air inlet 11, and the engine oil pan communicates with the oil return port 23 of the base assembly 2. This separator not only filters oil vapor in the crankcase to form liquid, thus separating oil and gas, but also further separates water from the separated oil, achieving oil-water separation, reducing the water content in the oil, and extending the engine's service life.

[0065] Note that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art will understand that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described herein, and various obvious changes, readjustments, and substitutions can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in detail through the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include many other equivalent embodiments without departing from the concept of the present invention, the scope of which is determined by the scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. An oil-gas separator, comprising a housing assembly (1), a base assembly (2), a rotating shaft assembly (4), a bottom partition (3), and an outlet chamber assembly (6), wherein the inner cavity of the base assembly (2) is an oil return chamber (21), the bottom partition (3) is disposed between the housing assembly (1) and the base assembly (2), one end of the rotating shaft assembly (4) having a separation impeller (41) is rotatably disposed on the bottom partition (3) via a bearing (42), one end of the rotating shaft assembly (4) having an oil-gas separation filter element (43) is rotatably disposed in the inner cavity of the housing assembly (1), an outlet channel (7) is formed between the outer side wall of the oil-gas separation filter element (43) and the inner side wall of the housing assembly (1), and a cavity (8) is formed between the bottom sealing plate (61) of the outlet chamber assembly (6) and the bottom partition (3), characterized in that, Also includes: The storage slot (31) is recessed in the bottom partition plate (3) in a ring with the axis of the rotating shaft assembly (4) as the center, and the storage slot (31) is connected to the ejection channel (7); An oil-water separation filter material (9) is disposed in the storage tank (31) and the storage tank (31) is divided into an oil storage chamber (32) and a water storage chamber (33). The surface of the oil-water separation filter material (9) is provided with undulating corner edges to increase the contact area between oil and water and the oil-water separation filter material (9) and accelerate the filtration speed of the oil-water separation filter material (9). A drain outlet (10) is provided on the side wall of the storage tank (31) and communicates with the water storage cavity (33); The storage tank (31) has a first stepped surface (311) and a second stepped surface (312) on its two opposite inner walls, and the oil-water separation filter material (9) is attached to the first stepped surface (311) and the second stepped surface (312).

2. The oil-gas separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the first step surface (311) relative to the bottom of the storage tank (31) is equal to the height of the second step surface (312) relative to the bottom of the storage tank (31), and the longitudinal section of the oil storage cavity (32) is trapezoidal.

3. The oil-gas separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The height of the first step surface (311) relative to the bottom of the storage tank (31) is greater than the height of the second step surface (312) relative to the bottom of the storage tank (31).

4. The oil-gas separator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The storage slot (31) is provided with a mounting beam (34) at the slot opening. The outer peripheral wall (62) of the air outlet assembly (6) is provided with a mounting part (63). The mounting part (63) is mounted on the mounting beam (34) by fasteners (64). The outer peripheral wall (62) of the air outlet assembly (6) abuts against the flat end face (35) of the bottom partition plate (3).

5. The oil-gas separator according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer peripheral wall (62) of the air outlet assembly (6) is provided with an inflow hole (65) so that the cavity (8) is connected to the oil storage cavity (32).

6. The oil-gas separator according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bottom sealing plate (61) of the air outlet assembly (6) is provided with a plurality of support protrusions (66), and the plurality of support protrusions (66) abut against the flat end face (35) of the bottom partition plate (3).

7. The oil-gas separator according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The bottom partition (3) is recessed with a relief part (36), which engages with the outer wall of the spray channel (22) of the base assembly (2).

8. The oil-gas separator according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, A sealing ring (37) is provided at the connection between the bottom partition (3) and the housing assembly (1).

9. An engine, characterized in that, The oil-gas separator as described in any one of claims 1-8 is provided with an air inlet (11) and an air outlet (12) on the housing assembly (1), the air outlet chamber assembly (6) located in the housing assembly (1) is connected to the air outlet (12), one end of the drain outlet (10) extends out of the base assembly (2), the crankcase of the engine is connected to the air inlet (11), and the oil pan of the engine is connected to the oil return port (23) of the base assembly (2).

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