An energy-saving structure for a construction machinery operation unit

Abstract

This patent provides an energy-saving structure for the working part of construction machinery, which can ensure that the accumulator always generates a large upward swing moment on the swing arm during the lifting and lowering process of the swing arm, and has good energy-saving effect. In this energy-saving structure, both ends of the accumulator are hinged to the swing arm and the fuselage. The hinge point B of the accumulator on the swing arm is located between the hinge point A of the accumulator on the fuselage and the hinge point C of the swing arm on the fuselage, and the distance AC is greater than the distance AB. During the upward swing of the swing arm relative to the fuselage, the accumulator releases energy, the accumulator gradually elongates, that is, the distance AB gradually increases, the force F exerted by the accumulator on the swing arm gradually decreases, and the distance S from the hinge point C to the direction of the force F gradually increases. During the downward swing of the swing arm relative to the fuselage, the accumulator stores energy, the accumulator gradually contracts, that is, the distance AB gradually decreases, the force F exerted by the accumulator on the swing arm gradually increases, and the distance S from the hinge point C to the direction of the force F gradually decreases.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This patent relates to construction machinery, specifically, an energy-saving structure for the working part of construction machinery. Background Art

[0002] When the working part of construction machinery is operating, it needs to be continuously lifted and lowered. In addition to doing work on the goods to be operated, the power system also needs to do work on the moving parts of the working part itself. This part of the consumption is useless work. Moreover, the weight of the working part of general construction machinery is relatively large. Therefore, a large part of the energy of conventional construction machinery is wasted. Taking a loader with a working target goods mass of 5 tons as an example, the self-weight of its bucket and swing arm (boom) is as high as 3 tons. When lifting 5 tons of goods each time, it is necessary to lift the 3-ton working part at the same time, which is a great waste of energy.

[0003] Although the patent with the publication number CN105887954A proposes a structure with an energy storage oil cylinder arranged under the boom, however, due to its described structure, the installation state of the energy storage oil cylinder is similar to that of the boom oil cylinder. In this structure, when the energy storage oil cylinder extends, the thrust of the energy storage oil cylinder decreases, and the acting force arm of the accumulator decreases, resulting in limited energy storage effect. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this patent is to provide an energy-saving structure for the working part of construction machinery, which can ensure that the accumulator always generates a relatively large upward swing moment on the swing arm during the lifting and lowering process of the swing arm, and has good energy-saving effect.

[0005] In the energy-saving structure for the working part of construction machinery of this patent, a telescopic accumulator is arranged between the swing arm and the fuselage of the construction machinery. One end of the accumulator is directly or indirectly hinged to the swing arm, and the other end is directly or indirectly hinged to the fuselage. The hinge point B of the accumulator on the swing arm is located between the hinge point A of the accumulator on the fuselage and the hinge point C of the swing arm on the fuselage. The distance AC from the hinge point A to the hinge point C is greater than the distance AB from the hinge point A to the hinge point B; during the whole process or a certain section of the process of the swing arm swinging upward relative to the fuselage, the accumulator releases energy, the accumulator gradually extends, that is, the distance AB gradually increases, the force F exerted by the accumulator on the swing arm gradually decreases, and the distance S from the hinge point C to the direction of the force F gradually increases; during the whole process or a certain section of the process of the swing arm swinging downward relative to the fuselage, the accumulator stores energy, the accumulator gradually contracts, that is, the distance AB gradually decreases, the force F exerted by the accumulator on the swing arm gradually increases, and the distance S from the hinge point C to the direction of the force F gradually decreases.

[0006] In the described energy-saving structure for the working part of construction machinery, when the accumulator releases energy or stores energy, the moment of the accumulator on the swing arm, that is, F*S, is basically unchanged, or the difference between the moment of the accumulator on the swing arm and the self-weight moment of the swing arm is basically unchanged.

[0007] For the energy-saving structure of the construction machinery operation unit, the accumulator is a spring type, hydraulic type or pneumatic type accumulator.

[0008] For the energy-saving structure of the construction machinery operation unit, the accumulator includes a pressure accumulator or a tension accumulator, such as a compression spring or a tension spring.

[0009] For the energy-saving structure of the construction machinery operation unit, the accumulator includes an accumulator cylinder.

[0010] For the energy-saving structure of the construction machinery operation unit, it further includes a power component for driving the swing arm to swing upward.

[0011] For the energy-saving structure of the construction machinery operation unit, the power component includes a lifting cylinder, various electric cylinders, various motors, a reducer driver, etc.

[0012] For the energy-saving structure of the construction machinery operation unit, the construction machinery is an excavator, a loader, a crane, etc., and the swing arm and its connected moving components have a large mass.

[0013] Advantages of this patent:

[0014] When the swing arm swings upward, the accumulator gradually extends, and the force F exerted by the accumulator on the swing arm gradually decreases. However, since the distance S from the hinge point C to the direction of the force F gradually increases, the moment F*S generated by the accumulator on the swing arm is relatively large (compared to the relatively small force F); when the swing arm swings downward, the force F exerted by the accumulator on the swing arm gradually increases, but since the distance S from the hinge point C to the direction of the force F gradually decreases, the moment F*S generated by the accumulator on the swing arm is relatively small (compared to the relatively large force F). In this way, during the lifting and lowering process of the swing arm, the accumulator always generates a moment on the swing arm that is basically consistent with the weight of the operation unit (swing arm, bucket, etc.) itself, reducing the problem that the power component driving the swing arm to swing upward always needs to output a relatively large moment. Therefore, this structure has good energy-saving effect.

[0015] Of course, it is better that the moment of the accumulator on the swing arm, that is, F*S, is basically unchanged or the difference between the moment of the accumulator on the swing arm and the self-gravity moment of the swing arm is basically unchanged, and the construction machinery operation unit system is more stable and has higher reliability. In some cases, during the swinging process of the operation unit such as the swing arm, the moment generated by the self-weight is changing. For example, for a loader, when the bucket is lifted from the lowest position to the horizontal position, the gravity moment (resistance moment) of the swing arm increases from small to large, and the assisting moment generated by the accumulator is also the largest at the horizontal position, and the change rules of the two are exactly the same. For example, when the bucket is lifted from the lowest position to the horizontal position, although the assisting moment of the accumulator increases by about 25%, the gravity moment of the swing arm also increases by a similar proportion, and the difference between the two changes little.

[0016] Accumulators belong to the prior art, such as spring type, hydraulic type or pneumatic type accumulators. Spring type accumulators include components such as compression springs or tension springs. Hydraulic type accumulators include components such as accumulator cylinders. Description of the Drawings

[0017] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the energy-saving structure of the working part of the loader in Embodiment 1;

[0018] Figure 2 is an equivalent schematic diagram of the energy-saving structure of the working part when the swing arm is in the lowest position;

[0019] Figure 3 is an equivalent schematic diagram of the energy-saving structure of the working part when the swing arm is in the middle position;

[0020] Figure 4 is an equivalent schematic diagram of the energy-saving structure of the working part when the swing arm is in the highest position;

[0021] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the energy-saving structure of the working part of the loader in Embodiment 2.

[0022] In the figure, the fuselage 1, the swing arm 2, the accumulator cylinder 3, the bucket 4, the power component 5, the drive cylinder 51, the tipping power device 6, the tipping cylinder 61, the swing rod 62, the tipping link 63. Detailed Description of the Invention

[0023] Embodiment 1:

[0024] Common Figure 1 As shown, an energy-saving structure of the working part of a loader includes a fuselage 1, a swing arm 2, an accumulator cylinder 3, a bucket 4, a power component 5 for driving the swing arm to swing upward, and a tipping power device 6 for driving the bucket to tip.

[0025] The power component 5 includes a drive cylinder 51, and both ends of the lifting cylinder are hinged to the fuselage 1 and the swing arm 2 respectively. The hinge point of the lifting cylinder and the fuselage 1 is D. The bucket 4 is hinged to the end of the swing arm 2, and the tipping power device 6 includes a tipping cylinder 61, a swing rod 62, and a tipping link 63.

[0026] Both ends of the tipping cylinder 61 are hinged to the fuselage 1 and one end of the swing rod 62 respectively, and both ends of the tipping link 63 are hinged to the bucket 4 and the other end of the swing rod 62 respectively. The middle of the swing rod 62 is hinged to the swing arm 2.

[0027] The hinge point of the telescopic energy storage oil cylinder 3 and the swing arm is B, and the hinge point with the fuselage is A. The hinge point of the swing arm 2 and the fuselage is C. The distance AC is greater than the distance AB. During most of the process of the swing arm swinging upward relative to the fuselage, the energy storage oil cylinder 3 releases energy, the energy storage oil cylinder gradually extends, that is, the distance AB gradually increases, the force F exerted by the energy storage oil cylinder on the swing arm gradually decreases, and the distance S from the hinge point C to the straight line AB gradually increases; conversely, during most of the process of the swing arm swinging downward relative to the fuselage, the energy storage oil cylinder stores energy, the energy storage oil cylinder gradually contracts, that is, the distance AB gradually decreases, the force F exerted by the energy storage oil cylinder on the swing arm gradually increases, and the distance S from the hinge point C to the straight line AB gradually decreases. When the swing arm moves up and down, the moment of the energy storage oil cylinder on the swing arm, that is, F*S, is basically unchanged.

[0028] When the swing arm is in the lowest position (see Figure 2 ), the length AB of the energy storage oil cylinder is the smallest, the energy storage is the highest, and the acting force F1 generated by the energy storage oil cylinder on the swing arm is the largest (the drawing uses the length AB of the oil cylinder to represent the magnitude of the acting force on the swing arm. The smaller the length AB of the oil cylinder, the greater the acting force generated by the energy storage oil cylinder on the swing arm). The distance S1 from the hinge point C to the straight line AB is the smallest.

[0029] When the swing arm is in the highest position (see Figure 4 ), the length AB of the energy storage oil cylinder is the largest, the energy storage is the smallest, and the acting force F3 generated by the energy storage oil cylinder on the swing arm is the smallest. The distance S3 from the hinge point C to the straight line AB is the largest.

[0030] When the swing arm is in the highest position (see Figure 3 ), the length AB of the energy storage oil cylinder is the largest, the energy storage is moderate, and the acting force F2 generated by the energy storage oil cylinder on the swing arm is moderate. The distance S2 from the hinge point C to the straight line AB is moderate.

[0031] F1*S1≈F2*S2≈F3*S3.

[0032] Embodiment 2:

[0033] See Figure 5 shown. The main difference from Embodiment 1 is that both ends of the intermediate member - the connecting rod (shown as BE in the figure) are hinged to the energy storage oil cylinder and the swing arm respectively, and the hinge point of the connecting rod and the swing arm is B.

[0034] Working principle of this patent: When the swing arm is in the lowest position, the swing arm and the accumulator form a linkage mechanism. The force arm of the accumulator acting on the swing arm is the shortest, the length of the accumulator is the shortest, and the stretching force of the accumulator is the largest. When the swing arm swings upward, the force arm of the accumulator acting on the swing arm increases accordingly, the length of the accumulator also increases, and the stretching force of the accumulator decreases accordingly. During the operation of this mechanism, by increasing the force arm while reducing the thrust of the accumulator, or reducing the force arm while increasing the thrust of the accumulator, a relatively constant upward swing torque is generated on the swing arm to balance the constant weight of the working part itself, greatly reducing the working load of the power component and achieving a good energy-saving effect.

[0035] In a conventional structure with an accumulator arranged on the swing arm (the hinge point between the accumulator and the fuselage is located between the hinge point between the accumulator and the swing arm and the hinge point between the swing arm and the fuselage), as the swing arm swings upward, the acting force arm of the accumulator decreases, the accumulator stretches, and the thrust also decreases. Therefore, the torque generated will decrease significantly as the swing arm swings upward and cannot stably balance the weight of the working part.

[0036] The greatest feature of this patent is that the hinge point A between the accumulator and the fuselage is located at a position far from the swing arm of the other hinge point B of the accumulator, forming that within most ranges of the upward swing of the swing arm, the force arm of the accumulator acting on the swing arm gradually increases. Compared with the prior art, this patent has better energy storage effect and lower cost (if the prior art wants to improve the energy storage effect, it needs to increase the displacement of the accumulator and the volume of the elastic body to obtain relatively large elasticity and reduce the thrust drop caused by the elongation of the energy storage oil cylinder, with high cost and difficult to obtain practical applications).

[0037] The described accumulator can be spring type, hydraulic type, or pneumatic type. Its function is to release energy when the working part rises and store energy when it descends. Its specific structure does not affect the protection scope of the claims of this patent.

[0038] The accumulator can be directly hinged to the fuselage and the swing arm, or can be connected to the fuselage and the swing arm through intermediate components such as connecting rods, levers, parallel rods, etc. This does not affect the protection scope of the claims of this patent.

Claims

1. An energy-saving structure for a construction machinery operation unit, characterized in that: It includes a power component for driving the swing arm to swing upward; a telescopic energy accumulator is provided between the swing arm and the fuselage of the construction machinery. One end of the energy accumulator is directly or indirectly hinged to the swing arm, and the other end is directly or indirectly hinged to the fuselage. The hinge point B of the energy accumulator on the swing arm is located between the hinge point A of the energy accumulator on the fuselage and the hinge point C of the swing arm on the fuselage. The distance AC from the hinge point A to the hinge point C is greater than the distance AB from the hinge point A to the hinge point B; during the whole process or a certain section of the process when the swing arm swings upward relative to the fuselage, the energy accumulator releases energy, the energy accumulator gradually elongates, that is, the distance AB gradually increases, the force F exerted by the energy accumulator on the swing arm gradually decreases, and the distance S from the hinge point C to the direction of the force F gradually increases; during the whole process or a certain section of the process when the swing arm swings downward relative to the fuselage, the energy accumulator stores energy, the energy accumulator gradually contracts, that is, the distance AB gradually decreases, the force F exerted by the energy accumulator on the swing arm gradually increases, and the distance S from the hinge point C to the direction of the force F gradually decreases; When the energy accumulator releases energy or stores energy, the moment of the energy accumulator on the swing arm, that is, F*S, remains unchanged, or the difference between the moment of the energy accumulator on the swing arm and the self-gravity moment of the swing arm remains unchanged; The energy accumulator is a spring type, a hydraulic type or a pneumatic type energy accumulator.

2. The energy-saving structure of the construction machinery operation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy accumulator includes a pressure type or a tension type.

3. The energy-saving structure of the construction machinery operation unit according to claim 1, characterized in that: The energy accumulator includes an energy storage oil cylinder.

Images