A basement, a design and construction method and an integrated beam-slab using the same

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of ground library construction, and particularly relates to a ground library, a design and construction method and an integrated beam slab used by the method, which comprises the following steps: step 1, determining fixed dimensions; step 2, classifying and component designing the integrated beam slab and delivering the integrated beam slab to a factory for production; step 3, dividing the integrated beam slab into a customized range and a standard range, wherein the integrated beam slab and the installation of the integrated beam slab are the standard range; step 4, modeling and calculating the customized range and drawing drawings respectively; step 5, according to the drawings, sequentially binding reinforcement, supporting a mold, and pouring work on the customized range, before the binding reinforcement work, transporting the integrated beam slab to a site, and after installing a beam column, installing the integrated beam slab on the beam column. The present application fully utilizes the characteristics that the standardization degree of the ground library is high, designs and constructs the same part of each project ground library once and fully utilizes the same part multiple times, fully improves the efficiency, and can effectively reduce the series degree of the work procedure.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of underground parking garage construction technology, specifically to an underground parking garage, its design and construction method, and the integrated beam-slab system used therein. Background Technology

[0002] The traditional integrated beam and slab design and construction process for underground parking garages is as follows: the architectural professionals draw up the architectural drawings of the underground parking garage; the structural professionals perform modeling and calculations of the underground parking garage based on the architectural drawings, and draw up beam and slab drawings respectively; the construction unit purchases building materials based on the structural drawings, and after they arrive on site, they tie the reinforcing bars, set up the formwork, and pour the concrete.

[0003] The drawbacks of the above design and construction methods are as follows: 1. They completely fail to utilize the highly standardized nature of basements, resulting in each project's basement design and construction being a customized design, leading to extremely low efficiency; 2. Traditional design and construction methods heavily rely on human resources for designers and construction workers, resulting in high labor costs; as the population ages, the issue of labor costs will become even more prominent; 3. Traditional design and construction methods cause significant environmental pollution, which runs counter to the country's green development concept; 4. Traditional construction methods require a large amount of formwork, resulting in high construction costs and low efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a basement that addresses the problem of low standardization in existing basements; to provide a design and construction method for basements, enabling standardized design in the design and construction of project basements to reduce the sequential nature of work procedures; and to provide an integrated beam-slab system for use in basement design and construction, improving the efficiency of flexural reinforcement.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0006] A method for designing and constructing an underground parking garage includes the following steps: Step 1, selecting the driveway direction as the layout direction in the parking garage design, and determining the fixed dimensions of the integrated beam slab based on the layout direction; Step 2, after determining the fixed dimensions, classifying the integrated beam slab and designing the components, and then handing the completed design over to the factory for production; Step 3, dividing the parking garage design into a customized range and a standard range based on the parking garage's floor plan layout, wherein the integrated beam slab and its installation and use constitute the standard range, and the structural design work is completed after selecting the integrated beam slab during design and construction; Step 4, after completing Step 3, modeling and calculating the customized range and drawing drawings accordingly; Step 5, according to the drawings drawn in Step 4, sequentially performing reinforcement binding, formwork erection, and pouring operations on the customized range. Before the reinforcement binding operation, the integrated beam slab needs to be transported to the site, and after the beams and columns are installed, the integrated beam slab is installed onto the beams and columns. It should be noted that the existing basement design process completely fails to take advantage of the high degree of standardization inherent in basements. This results in each project's basement design and construction being a customized process, leading to extremely low efficiency. For example, structural design work can only begin after the architectural drawings have reached a certain stage, while the construction site must wait for the structural drawings before purchasing building materials, and construction can only begin once the materials arrive. This sequential workflow makes the schedule constrained by previous milestones. Furthermore, for each project's basement, the structure must draw up drawings for every single slab and beam, resulting in a massive workload that cannot be consolidated. Additionally, with such a large number of non-standard structural components, on-site reinforcement processing, formwork erection, and pouring of all non-standard components are required, making construction very difficult.

[0007] To address the above situation, a design and construction method for basements is proposed. Specifically, the direction of the driveway is selected as the layout direction for the integrated beam slabs, and a fixed dimension for each integrated beam slab is determined based on this direction. After the fixed dimension is determined, the integrated beam slabs are classified and designed as components, and then manufactured in a factory. It should be noted that due to the high degree of standardization in basement design, many parts can be directly used throughout the design process, and there is no need to consider site conditions; only the basement's floor plan is required for design work. Therefore, the produced integrated beam slabs can be used as standard components in different design processes, avoiding iterative design. In a specific design task, the design process is divided into a customized scope and a standard scope based on the basement's floor plan. The standard scope refers to the standardized prefabricated integrated beam slabs, while the customized scope refers to the customized design scope, i.e., the traditional cast-in-place portion. After installing the beams and columns, the integrated beam slabs are installed onto the beams and columns, followed by reinforcement binding, formwork erection, and pouring operations for the customized scope.

[0008] Furthermore, in step 2, the classification criteria for integrated beams and slabs are as follows: for dead loads, classification is based on the thickness of the soil cover; for live loads, classification is based on the presence or absence of fire trucks. The soil cover thickness ranges from 1.2m to 2m. It should be noted that in the industrialized design of underground parking garages, the factors that need to be considered vary depending on the specific circumstances, namely the soil cover thickness and the presence or absence of fire trucks. For the soil cover thickness, the range is 1.2m to 2m, and classification is based on increments of 0.1m. Regarding the presence or absence of fire trucks, there are only two scenarios: with fire trucks and without fire trucks.

[0009] Furthermore, in step 2, the component design of the integrated beam-slab includes determining the dimensions and reinforcement of the integrated beam-slab. It should be noted that, since the integrated beam-slab can be used as a standard component in the basement project design, its dimensions, structure, and reinforcement need to be relatively fixed; that is, the component design of the integrated beam-slab should include its dimensions and reinforcement details.

[0010] Furthermore, in step 2, when a fire truck is present as a live load, the integrated beam slab is divided into four areas, and an exhaustive list of fire truck position scenarios is performed. It should be noted that, when a fire truck is present as a live load, the position of the fire truck can change relatively; therefore, the integrated beam slab is divided into four areas, and the situation of the fire truck within each of these four areas is discussed separately, i.e., an exhaustive list of fire truck position scenarios is performed.

[0011] An integrated beam-slab structure is proposed for use in the design and construction of a basement. This integrated beam-slab is symmetrically arranged around a central axis and includes a load-bearing section and a stress-bearing section. The load-bearing section is installed on the beams and columns, and the stress-bearing section has a variable cross-section. It should be noted that traditional construction methods involve the construction unit purchasing building materials according to structural drawings. After the materials arrive on site, operations such as tying reinforcing bars, setting up formwork, and pouring concrete are performed. There are no clear limitations on the integrated beam-slab structure, which is not only unfavorable for standardized industrial design but also fails to effectively utilize the internal bending reinforcement. Based on the above, an integrated beam-slab structure for use in the design and construction of a basement is proposed. Specifically, it includes a load-bearing section and a stress-bearing section. The load-bearing section is installed on the beams and columns by hoisting or other methods, and the stress-bearing section has a variable cross-section to meet the requirements for applying prestress.

[0012] Furthermore, a through hole is provided on the stress-bearing section. It should be noted that providing a through hole on the stress-bearing section not only allows for the arrangement of pipelines, but also saves some material without affecting the load-bearing capacity.

[0013] Furthermore, the length of the integrated beam-slab is L, and the starting point of the variable cross-section is located at 1 / 6L to 1 / 4L. It should be noted that, in order to meet the stress requirements, the starting point of the variable cross-section is set at 1 / 6L to 1 / 4L.

[0014] Furthermore, the width of one side of the integrated beam-slab is B1, and the width of the variable cross-section is B2. The integrated beam-slab satisfies B1 = (1.5~5)B2. It should be noted that under the same load conditions, the integrated beam-slab satisfying B1 = (1.5~5)B2 can meet the stress requirements and has high economic efficiency.

[0015] Furthermore, the height of the integrated beam-slab with variable cross-section is H1, and the height of the load-bearing part is H2. The integrated beam-slab satisfies H1 = (1.5~2.5)H2. It should be noted that under the same load conditions, the integrated beam-slab satisfying H1 = (1.5~2.5)H2 can meet the stress requirements and has high economic efficiency.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. This invention fully utilizes the high degree of standardization of basement, completing the design and construction of the same parts of each project's basement in one go and making full use of them multiple times, thus greatly improving efficiency. For example, after the structural design work is arranged, the standardized parts do not need to be designed again, as the factory has ready-made products that can be directly installed on site, which can effectively reduce the degree of serialization of work procedures.

[0018] 2. Traditional design and construction methods rely heavily on human resources, including designers and construction workers, resulting in high labor costs. This invention reduces reliance on designers and construction workers, thereby lowering costs. For example, it eliminates the need to draw up drawings for every slab and every beam, and standardized work is streamlined, reducing repetitive and uncreative workload.

[0019] 3. This invention adopts an industrialized construction method, eliminating the need for formwork, saving construction costs, and increasing construction efficiency. For example, it significantly reduces the number of non-standard structural components, reduces the need for steel bar processing, formwork, and pouring, and lowers the construction difficulty. Attached Figure Description

[0020] The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of embodiments of the invention and form part of this application, do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 This is a top view of the integrated beam-slab of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 This is a front view of the integrated beam-slab of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram showing the load conditions at the location of the fire truck.

[0025] The attached diagram shows the markings and corresponding component names:

[0026] 1-Bearing part, 2-Stress part, 3-Through hole. Detailed Implementation

[0027] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of this invention are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the invention. It should be noted that this invention is already in the actual research and development stage.

[0028] Example:

[0029] As attached Figure 1 As shown, a design and construction method for an underground parking garage includes the following steps: Step 1, selecting the driveway direction in the parking garage design as the layout direction, and determining the fixed dimensions of the integrated beam slab based on the layout direction; Step 2, after determining the fixed dimensions, classifying the integrated beam slab and designing the components, and handing them over to the factory for production after the design is completed; Step 3, dividing the parking garage design into a customized range and a standard range according to the parking garage layout, wherein the integrated beam slab and its installation and use are the standard range, and the structural design work is completed after selecting the integrated beam slab during design and construction; Step 4, after completing Step 3, modeling and calculating the customized range and drawing drawings respectively; Step 5, according to the drawings drawn in Step 4, performing reinforcement binding, formwork erection, and pouring operations in the customized range in sequence. Before the reinforcement binding operation, the integrated beam slab needs to be transported to the site, and after the beams and columns are installed, the integrated beam slab is installed on the beams and columns. It should be noted that the existing basement design process completely fails to take advantage of the high degree of standardization inherent in basements. This results in each project's basement design and construction being a customized process, leading to extremely low efficiency. For example, structural design work can only begin after the architectural drawings have reached a certain stage, while the construction site must wait for the structural drawings before purchasing building materials, and construction can only begin once the materials arrive. This sequential workflow makes the schedule constrained by previous milestones. Furthermore, for each project's basement, the structure must draw up drawings for every single slab and beam, resulting in a massive workload that cannot be consolidated. Additionally, with such a large number of non-standard structural components, on-site reinforcement processing, formwork erection, and pouring of all non-standard components are required, making construction very difficult.

[0030] To address the above situation, a design and construction method for basements is proposed. Specifically, the direction of the driveway is selected as the layout direction for the integrated beam slabs, and a fixed dimension for each integrated beam slab is determined based on this direction. After the fixed dimension is determined, the integrated beam slabs are classified and designed as components, and then manufactured in a factory. It should be noted that due to the high degree of standardization in basement design, many parts can be directly used throughout the design process, and there is no need to consider site conditions; only the basement's floor plan is required for design work. Therefore, the produced integrated beam slabs can be used as standard components in different design processes, avoiding iterative design. In a specific design task, the design process is divided into a customized scope and a standard scope based on the basement's floor plan. The standard scope refers to the standardized prefabricated integrated beam slabs, while the customized scope refers to the customized design scope, i.e., the traditional cast-in-place portion. After installing the beams and columns, the integrated beam slabs are installed onto the beams and columns, followed by reinforcement binding, formwork erection, and pouring operations for the customized scope.

[0031] It should be noted that in step 2, the classification criteria for integrated beams and slabs are as follows: for dead loads, classification is based on the thickness of the soil cover; for live loads, classification is based on the presence or absence of fire trucks. The soil cover thickness ranges from 1.2m to 2m. It should also be noted that in the industrialized design of basements, the factors that need to be considered vary depending on the specific situation, including the soil cover thickness and the presence or absence of fire trucks. For soil cover thickness, the range is 1.2m to 2m, and classification is based on increments of 0.1m. Regarding the presence or absence of fire trucks, there are only two scenarios: with fire trucks and without fire trucks. For example, for the basement roof slab, a project has a soil cover of 1.2 meters (equivalent to a dead load of 21.6kN / m²). With fire trucks present, the load is taken as 24kN / m², and without fire trucks, the load is taken as 5kN / m². Another example is the basement floors below the roof slab, considering a dead load of 2kN / m² and a live load of 4kN / m².

[0032] It should be noted that step 2, the component design of the integrated beam-slab includes determining the dimensions and reinforcement of the integrated beam-slab. It should also be noted that, since the integrated beam-slab can be used as a standard component in the basement project design, its dimensions, structure, and reinforcement need to be relatively fixed; that is, the component design of the beam-slab should include its dimensions and reinforcement details.

[0033] It should be noted that in step 2, when a fire truck is present as a live load, the beam slab is divided into four areas, and an exhaustive list of possible fire truck positions is conducted. It should also be noted that, for fire trucks present as a live load, since their positions can change, the integrated beam slab is divided into four areas, and the situation of the fire truck within each of these four areas is discussed separately, i.e., an exhaustive list of possible fire truck positions is conducted.

[0034] An integrated beam-slab structure is proposed for use in the design and construction of a basement. This integrated beam-slab is symmetrically arranged around a central axis and includes a load-bearing portion 1 and a stress-bearing portion 2. The load-bearing portion 1 is installed on the beam-column structure, and the stress-bearing portion 2 has a variable cross-section. It should be noted that traditional construction methods involve the construction unit purchasing building materials according to structural drawings. After the materials arrive on site, operations such as tying reinforcing bars, setting up formwork, and pouring concrete are performed. There are no clear limitations on the integrated beam-slab structure, which is not only unfavorable for standardized industrial design, but also fails to effectively utilize the internal bending-resistant reinforcing bars. Based on the above, an integrated beam-slab structure for use in the design and construction of a basement is proposed. Specifically, it includes a load-bearing portion 1 and a stress-bearing portion 2. The load-bearing portion 1 is installed on the beam-column structure by hoisting or other methods. The stress-bearing portion 2 has a variable cross-section, which can meet the requirements for applying prestress. Furthermore, in addition to ensuring reasonable stress distribution, the stress-bearing portion 2 can also accommodate the routing of basement pipelines, resulting in a more compact basement height and preventing the addition of height sections from affecting or increasing the basement height.

[0035] It should be noted that the stress-bearing section 2 has through holes 3. It should also be noted that having through holes 3 in the stress-bearing section 2 not only allows for the arrangement of pipelines, but also saves some material without affecting its load-bearing capacity.

[0036] It should be noted that the length of the integrated beam-slab is L, and the starting point of the variable cross-section is located at 1 / 6L to 1 / 4L. It should also be noted that the starting point of the variable cross-section is set at 1 / 6L to 1 / 4L to meet the stress requirements.

[0037] It should be noted that the width of one side of the integrated beam-slab is B1, and the width of the variable cross-section is B2. The integrated beam-slab satisfies B1 = (1.5~5)B2. It should also be noted that under the same load conditions, the integrated beam-slab satisfying B1 = (1.5~5)B2 can meet the stress requirements and has high economic efficiency.

[0038] It should be noted that the height of the integrated beam-slab with variable cross-section is H1, and the height of the bearing part 1 is H2. The integrated beam-slab satisfies H1 = (1.5~2.5)H2. It should also be noted that under the same load conditions, the integrated beam-slab satisfying H1 = (1.5~2.5)H2 can meet the stress requirements and has high economic efficiency. Furthermore, since the integrated beam-slab in this application is simply supported, with the maximum bending moment at mid-span and zero at the supports, increasing the beam height in areas with large bending moments can effectively improve the utilization efficiency of the bending reinforcement. Simultaneously, the shear force is small at locations with large bending moments, so the beam width can be reduced in these areas. Considering locations with large loads, such as fire trucks or areas with thick soil cover, prestressing can be used to strengthen the bearing capacity, eliminating the need to further increase the height of the components, thereby improving the reusability of the formwork and reducing the amount of reinforced concrete.

[0039] like Figure 4 The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the load conditions at the location of the fire truck. This indicates that when there is a fire truck as a live load, the integrated beam and slab is divided into four areas, which are represented from left to right as Area 1, Area 2, Area 3 and Area 4. This indicates that when there is a fire truck as a live load, the situation of the fire truck's live load in Area 1 should be considered. This indicates that when there is a fire truck as a live load, the situation of the fire truck live load in Zone 2 should be considered. This indicates that when there is a fire truck as a live load, the situation of the fire truck's live load in Zone 1 and Zone 2 should be considered. This indicates that when there is a fire truck live load, the situation of the fire truck live load in Zones 1 and 3 should be considered. This indicates that when there is a fire truck live load, the situation of the fire truck live load in Zones 1 and 4 should be considered. This indicates that when there is a fire truck live load, the situation of the fire truck live load in Zones 1, 3, and 4 should be considered. This indicates that when there is a fire truck live load, the situation of the fire truck live load in Zones 1, 2, and 4 should be considered. This indicates that when there is a fire truck as a live load, the fire truck live load is considered in areas one, two, three, and four. This indicates that when there is a fire truck as a live load, the situation of the fire truck's live load in Zones 2 and 3 should be considered.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] This embodiment only describes the parts that differ from Embodiment 1, specifically: In line with the nationally advocated concept of smart construction, the basement design and construction method of this application can be carried out through a basement design and construction system, which includes:

[0042] The data entry unit is used to input the theoretical building area of ​​the garage, construction requirements, and fixed dimensions of the integrated beam and slab.

[0043] The determination unit, which is signal-connected to the input unit, is used to determine the customized range and the standard range, and select a matching integrated beam plate according to the customized range, wherein the matching includes the fixed size matching of the integrated beam plate;

[0044] The analysis unit is signal-connected to the determination unit and is used to carry the load-structure model and perform scheme determination analysis through the load-structure model;

[0045] The output unit is signal-connected to the analysis unit and is used to receive and display the scheme determination analysis results of the analysis unit.

[0046] It should be noted that the criteria for determining the scope of customization and the standard scope of the judgment unit include economic indicators. Among them, the factors that determine the level of economic indicators include at least: parking efficiency, number of parking spaces, concrete content per cubic meter, and steel content per cubic meter. By analyzing the parking efficiency, number of parking spaces, concrete content per cubic meter, and steel content per cubic meter of each design scheme in the design scheme set, the level of economic indicators of each design scheme in the design scheme set can be obtained. It should also be noted that concrete content per cubic meter = total basement concrete volume / total basement building area; steel content per cubic meter = total steel weight / total basement building area; number of parking spaces = number of households * parking ratio * underground parking ratio.

[0047] It should be noted that for the load-structure model, the side walls and the diaphragm wall are a composite wall structure. The soil parameters in the model are selected based on engineering geological data. To facilitate model calculation, the soil layers are simplified, with the top slab covered by miscellaneous fill and the surrounding structure consisting of silty clay. A two-dimensional XZ plane model of the prefabricated underground parking garage structure is established using Midas Gen finite element software, with unit width taken along the longitudinal direction of the structure. The boundary conditions of the load-structure model are as follows: using the elastic foundation beam calculation theory, the interaction between the bottom slab and the retaining structure under the bottom slab and the soil layers is simulated by forming elastic connection elements at the beam element nodes. The stiffness of the elastic connection elements is determined by the elastic resistance coefficient in the geological survey report. The elastic connection elements under the bottom slab have three degrees of freedom. General support conditions are applied to the Dx, Dz, and Ry degrees of freedom of the soil under the bottom slab, and a Dz direction constraint is applied to the bottom end of the diaphragm wall. Due to the presence of nonlinear springs in the boundary conditions, nonlinear analysis control needs to be defined.

[0048] For the selection of load-structure model elements, a cross-sectional structure of unit length is taken along the longitudinal direction of the garage. The side walls, bottom slab, middle slab, and top slab are simulated using beam elements, and the frame columns are converted into thickness per unit length based on their area. The interaction between the enclosing structure above the bottom slab and the surrounding soil layers is directly calculated using the lateral soil pressure, determined according to the soil pressure coefficient and the geological survey report. The groundwater level is located 2m below the ground surface, and the lateral water pressure acts directly on the side walls of the garage structure.

[0049] For composite walls, the contact between the diaphragm wall and the inner lining wall is simulated by hinged connecting rods, which are implemented through high-stiffness compression spring units. The springs only transmit pressure, not bending moment or shear force, and lateral water pressure acts on the precast side walls of the structure. Due to the frequent heavy rains in the area where the underground parking garage is located, to address the buoyancy issue during operation, the capping beam at the top of the diaphragm wall is rigidly connected to the end of the roof slab.

[0050] For the joints of integrated beams and slabs, a beam-spring model is used to simulate the joints. The structure is broken at the joint, and the beam end constraints are released at both ends of the broken component, releasing the bending moment My at the beam end. Since it is in the two-dimensional XZ plane, the spring has three degrees of freedom: the normal stiffness, tangential stiffness, and bending stiffness of the joint. In prefabricated structures, the reduction in the normal and tangential stiffness of the joint is very small, while the bending capacity of the joint is weak. Therefore, in the modeling process, the stiffness values ​​in the SDx and SDZ directions are relatively large. The value of the spring bending stiffness is determined by referring to the empirical formula for the bending stiffness of prefabricated structure joints. The bending stiffness of the joints in prefabricated concrete structures under eccentric compression changes with the bending moment and axial force.

[0051] It should be noted that the analysis unit is also connected to a database. Based on the aforementioned load-structure model, the analysis process of the unit involves: analyzing the axial force, shear force, and bending moment of the integrated beam-slab under different schemes (fixed dimensions), comparing it with existing structures loaded into the database, and comparing and analyzing the internal force distribution of the integrated beam-slab to select the optimal integrated beam-slab. Based on the above system, a design scheme with high economic indicators can be obtained, eliminating the need for manual design of underground parking garages and giving designers more options in the design layout of underground parking garages.

[0052] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for designing and constructing an underground parking garage, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step 1: Select the direction of the driveway in the underground parking design as the layout direction, and determine the fixed dimensions of the integrated beam slab based on the layout direction; Step 2: After the fixed dimensions are determined, the integrated beams and slabs are classified and the components are designed. After the design is completed, they are handed over to the factory for production. Step 3: Based on the layout of the basement, the basement design is divided into a customized range and a standard range. The integrated beams and slabs and their installation and use are within the standard range. When designing and constructing, the structural design work is completed once the integrated beams and slabs are selected. Step 4: After completing Step 3, perform modeling calculations on the customized range and draw the drawings accordingly; Step 5: According to the drawings drawn in Step 4, the customized area is tied with reinforcement, formwork is erected and pouring is carried out in sequence. Before the reinforcement is tied, the integrated beam and slab need to be transported to the site and installed on the beam and column after the beam and column are installed. In step 2, the classification criteria for integrated beams and slabs are as follows: for dead loads, the classification is based on the thickness of the soil cover; for live loads, the classification is based on whether or not a fire truck is present, wherein the soil cover thickness ranges from 1.2m to 2m. The integrated beam and slab are symmetrically arranged with the central axis as the reference, and include a load-bearing part (1) and a stress part (2). The load-bearing part (1) is installed on the beam and column, and the stress part (2) is provided with a variable cross section. The stress section (2) is provided with a through hole (3); the length of the integrated beam plate is L, and the starting point of the variable cross section is located at 1 / 6L~1 / 4L; the width of one side of the integrated beam plate is B1, the width of the variable cross section is B2, and the integrated beam plate satisfies B1=(1.5~5)B2. The height of the integrated beam-slab with variable cross-section is H1, the height of the bearing part (1) is H2, and the integrated beam-slab satisfies H1 = (1.5~2.5)H2.

2. The design and construction method for an underground parking garage according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 2 involves designing the integrated beam and slab components, including determining the dimensions and reinforcement of the integrated beam and slab.

3. The design and construction method for an underground parking garage according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2, when there is a fire truck in the live load, the integrated beam slab is divided into four areas, and the location of the fire truck is exhaustively listed.

4. A basement, characterized in that: It is constructed using the design and construction method of any one of claims 1 to 3.

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