A shock absorber with adjustable stiffness

Abstract

The present invention discloses a shock absorber with adjustable stiffness, which comprises an upper cover, a base, a main shock-absorbing mechanism and a side limiting mechanism. The side limiting mechanism is arranged outside the main shock-absorbing mechanism, connected to the upper cover at the upper end and to the base at the lower end. The main shock-absorbing mechanism includes a central rod, an upper pressing plate and a lower pressing plate sleeved on the central rod, and a pre-compressed shock-absorbing rubber arranged between the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate. The side limiting mechanism includes a side main body metal rubber, the inner side of the side main body metal rubber is connected to the shock-absorbing rubber, and an adjusting component for vertically movably supporting the side main body metal rubber is arranged on the outer side. By adjusting the position of the fulcrum of the side main body metal rubber through the adjusting component and rotating the central rod to adjust the gap between the screw pressing plate and the rubber gasket, two stiffness adjustment methods are used to perform high-degree-of-freedom stiffness adjustment, approaching any stiffness characteristic curve within a certain range, offsetting the stiffness influence brought by temperature to the rubber while realizing the quickness and reliability of stiffness adjustment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a shock absorber, and particularly to a shock absorber with adjustable stiffness. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous progress of science and technology, energy equipment is developing towards the direction of precision, and problems have also arisen. The vibration problem of large machinery affects the reliability of mechanical operation, and the impact that may occur under special working conditions further affects the safety of the overall system, causing irreversible impacts on the circuits, transmissions, and even the safety of the staff of the overall system. Chinese Patent CN201820731445.0 discloses a composite elastic and damping shock absorber for a gas turbine device, which is used to achieve the anti-underwater explosion shock and shock absorption effects of the gas turbine device. Within a limited elastic deformation range, it absorbs shock load energy step by step while reducing vibration, meeting the shock absorption and vertical, horizontal, and longitudinal shock strength requirements of the gas turbine. However, in this patent, the rubber shock absorber is fixedly connected to the metal through vulcanization, and the vulcanization strength decreases with the increase in temperature. When the temperature is higher than about sixty degrees Celsius, the connection strength is greatly reduced. Therefore, the traditional vulcanized rubber shock absorber cannot adapt to the impact at high temperatures.

[0003] Traditional high-temperature resistant shock absorbers mostly use metal rubber as the main vibration isolation element. However, due to the characteristics of metal rubber, the metal rubber shock absorber is only suitable for environments with relatively small impact deformations. After experiencing a large impact, it is difficult to recover the deformation, does not have the characteristic of rubber returning to its original shape, and it is difficult to achieve adjustable stiffness. Moreover, after experiencing a large impact once, the internal voids decrease, and its stiffness characteristics will increase significantly, resulting in a significant increase in the unknownness of the stiffness characteristics of the shock absorber and affecting the working effect of the shock absorber. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Object of the Invention: The present invention aims to provide a shock absorber that can achieve reliable stiffness adjustment and is resistant to high temperatures.

[0005] Technical Solution: A shock absorber with adjustable stiffness according to the present invention includes an upper cover, a base, a main shock absorption mechanism, and a side limit mechanism. The side limit mechanism is arranged outside the main shock absorption mechanism, connected to the upper cover at the upper end and to the base at the lower end. The main shock absorption mechanism includes a central rod, an upper pressing plate and a lower pressing plate sleeved on the central rod, and a pre-pressed shock-absorbing rubber arranged between the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate. The side limit mechanism includes a side main body metal rubber, the inner side of the side main body metal rubber is in contact with the shock-absorbing rubber, and an adjusting component for supporting the side main body metal rubber to move up and down is arranged on the outer side.

[0006] Preferably, the adjusting assembly includes a limiting ring, a supporting structure, and an adjusting screw. The supporting structure is arranged outside the shock absorber, and the adjusting screw is provided on the supporting structure. The limiting ring is sleeved on the outer periphery of the side main body metal rubber, perpendicular to the adjusting screw, and the outer side of the limiting ring is movably connected to the adjusting screw.

[0007] Preferably, the supporting structure is a supporting ring arranged on the outer periphery of the shock absorber. A groove is provided on the outer side of the supporting ring, and the nut structure on the adjusting screw is embedded in the groove and movably connected to the supporting ring.

[0008] Preferably, the limiting ring is movably connected to the adjusting screw through a nut connector, and the up-and-down movement of the limiting ring is controlled by rotating the adjusting nut on the adjusting screw.

[0009] Preferably, two groups of limiting rings are provided, which are respectively located above and below the supporting structure.

[0010] Preferably, the upper pressing plate contacts the upper cover through the upper limiting metal rubber, and the lower pressing plate contacts the base through the lower limiting metal rubber. Heat insulation pads are respectively provided between the damping rubber and the upper pressing plate and the lower pressing plate.

[0011] Preferably, a secondary damping mechanism is further included. The secondary damping mechanism includes a screw pressing plate connected to the bottom end of the central rod and a bottom damping unit arranged on the base. A gap is provided between the bottom damping unit and the screw pressing plate.

[0012] Preferably, the bottom damping unit includes a rubber round pad, a metal rubber pad, and a bottom sealing plate connected in sequence from top to bottom. The bottom sealing plate is connected to the base.

[0013] Preferably, a lower isolation rubber ring is provided on the outer periphery of the secondary damping mechanism. The upper end of the lower isolation rubber ring is connected to the lower pressing plate, and the lower end is connected to the bottom sealing plate. The lower isolation rubber ring is clamped with the base to limit the radial rotation of the lower isolation rubber ring, and the screw pressing plate is clamped with the lower isolation rubber ring to limit the radial rotation of the screw pressing plate.

[0014] Preferably, the bottom of the screw pressing plate is in an inverted conical shape.

[0015] Beneficial effects: Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following remarkable advantages: 1. High-degree-of-freedom stiffness adjustment is carried out by two stiffness adjustment methods, namely, adjusting the position of the side main body metal rubber fulcrum through the adjustment component and rotating the central rod to adjust the gap between the screw pressing disc and the rubber gasket. It can approximate any stiffness characteristic curve within a certain range, quickly and reliably realizing stiffness adjustment while offsetting the stiffness influence of temperature on the rubber; 2. Through the combination of the upper and lower pressing discs, rubber rings and metal rubber rings, the overall stiffness of the rubber non-vulcanized connection is improved, meeting the stiffness requirements of the impact working condition; 3. Without using the vulcanization process, there is no need to consider the connection strength between rubber and metal, so it can be applied to environments with higher temperatures; 4. Since the damping rubber does not use the vulcanization process and is only tightened by a locking nut, it is relatively convenient to replace the damping rubber. At the same time, the forming die of the damping rubber is relatively simple, saving a large amount of manufacturing, maintenance and debugging costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is the overall structure diagram of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 is the cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 is Figure 2 the enlarged structure diagram of part A in

[0019] Among them, 1 is the upper cover; 2 is the base; 3 is the central rod; 4 is the upper pressing disc; 5 is the lower pressing disc; 6 is the damping rubber; 7 is the locking nut; 8 is the heat insulation pad; 9 is the side main body metal rubber; 10 is the limit ring; 11 is the support ring; 12 is the adjusting screw; 13 is the limit rubber block; 14 is the upper nut connecting piece; 15 is the lower nut connecting piece; 16 is the screw pressing disc; 17 is the rubber gasket; 18 is the bottom sealing plate; 19 is the upper isolation rubber ring; 20 is the lower isolation rubber ring; 21 is the upper limit metal rubber; 22 is the lower limit metal rubber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0021] Such as Figure 1 and 2As shown in the figure, a shock absorber with adjustable stiffness according to the present invention includes an upper cover 1, a base 2, and a main shock absorption mechanism, a secondary shock absorption mechanism, and a side limit mechanism located between the upper cover and the base. Among them, the main shock absorption mechanism includes a central rod 3, an upper pressure plate 4, and a lower pressure plate 5. The upper pressure plate 4 and the lower pressure plate 5 are sleeved on the central rod and cooperate with the central rod to move freely up and down. A shock absorption rubber 6 is provided between the upper pressure plate 4 and the lower pressure plate 5, and a certain amount of rubber preloading is applied to the shock absorption rubber through a locking nut 7. The locking nut 7 is located on the upper pressure plate 4. An upper isolation rubber ring 19 is provided on the outer side of the upper part of the upper pressure plate 4. The inner side of the upper isolation rubber ring 19 abuts against the upper pressure plate, and the outer side is connected to the upper cover. The lower pressure plate 5 is located on the bottom disc of the central rod, and a metal rubber pad is provided between the lower pressure plate 5 and the bottom disc of the central rod. Heat insulation pads 8 are provided between the shock absorption rubber 6 and the upper pressure plate 4 and the lower pressure plate 5 respectively. The heat insulation pads 8 can be heat insulation nylon. The upper pressure plate 4 contacts the upper cover 1 through an upper limit metal rubber 21, and the lower pressure plate 4 contacts the base 2 through a lower limit metal rubber 22.

[0022] When the central rod 3 moves downward, the upper pressure plate 4 is driven by the locking nut 7 to compress the shock absorption rubber 6. Since the lower pressure plate 5 contacts the base 2 through the lower limit metal rubber 22, it has a large rigidity and a small deformation, and the compression of the shock absorption rubber 6 is completed. When the central rod 3 moves upward, since the bottom disc of the central rod drives the lower pressure plate 5 to compress the shock absorption rubber 6, and the upper pressure plate 4 contacts the upper cover 1 through the upper limit metal rubber 21, it has a large rigidity and a small deformation, and the compression of the shock absorption rubber 6 is completed. The metal rubber pad provided between the lower pressure plate 5 and the bottom disc of the central rod not only avoids the direct collision between the bottom disc of the central rod and the lower pressure plate 5 when the central rod 3 moves upward, but also avoids the collision when the shock absorber rebounds after the compression is completed.

[0023] A groove gap is provided at the bottom of the surface of the upper pressure plate 4 in contact with the central rod 3, and a protrusion matching the groove gap is provided on the surface of the lower pressure plate 5 in contact with the central rod 3. When the shock absorption rubber is compressed, the protrusion fits into the groove gap between the upper pressure plate and the central rod, so that the shock absorption rubber 6 will not cause large frictional displacement to the central rod 3, and the service life of the shock absorption rubber is increased.

[0024] To limit the large lateral deformation of the shock absorption rubber 6 after being compressed, a side limit mechanism is provided on the outer side of the shock absorption rubber. The side limit mechanism includes a side main body metal rubber 9. The upper and lower ends of the side main body metal rubber 9 are respectively abutted against the upper cover 1 and the base 2 through adjustment rubber pads, so as to adapt to the possible gaps generated after changing the preloading amount of the shock absorption rubber 6. The upper cover 1 and the base 2 are connected by bolts, and an adjustment metal gasket is provided at the connection. An adjustment assembly for supporting the side main body metal rubber 9 to move up and down is provided on the outer side of the side main body metal rubber.

[0025] As Figure 3As shown in the figure, the adjusting assembly includes a limit ring 10, a support structure, an adjusting screw 12 and a limit rubber block 13. The limit rubber block 13 is arranged outside the side main body metal rubber 9 to prevent excessive radial deformation of the side main body metal rubber 9. The support structure is a support ring 11 arranged on the outer shell of the shock absorber base 2. The inner side of the support ring 11 abuts against the side main body metal rubber 9, and the adjusting screw 12 is arranged on the outer side. The adjusting screw 12 includes a screw rod and an adjusting nut. The screw rod is perpendicular to the support ring, and the adjusting nut is horizontally embedded in the groove on the outer side of the support ring 11. The adjusting nut is a hexagonal nut, and the whole adjusting screw is driven to rotate by rotating the hexagonal nut. There are two limit rings 10, which are respectively arranged on the upper and lower sides of the support ring 11 and surround the side main body metal rubber 9 for one week to serve as the fulcrum of its radial bending deformation, and the vertical positions of the limit rings 10 are adjustable. The limit ring 10 is movably connected with the adjusting screw 12 through a nut connecting piece. Specifically, the limit ring 10 is hinged with the nut connecting piece, and the nut connecting piece is threadedly connected with the screw rod of the adjusting screw 12. The nut connecting piece includes an upper nut connecting piece 14 and a lower nut connecting piece 15. The thread rotation directions of the upper nut connecting piece 14 and the lower nut connecting piece 15 are opposite. By rotating the hexagonal nut on the adjusting screw 12, the upward or downward movement of the upper nut connecting piece that is screwed together up and down can be controlled. At the same time, the lower nut connecting piece moves downward or upward, so as to drive the upper and lower limit rings to move away from each other or towards each other vertically, change the positions of the two support points of the side main body metal rubber 9, and thus change its stiffness. The side main body rubber is supported by the upper and lower limit rings to adjust its radial bending stiffness, and is limited by the limit rubber block to prevent excessive bending deformation.

[0026] Rotate the nut structure on the adjusting screw 12, and the upper and lower nut connecting pieces 14 / 15 movably connected with it move towards or away from each other, driving the upper and lower limit rings 10 to move towards or away from each other, and adjusting the position of the support point

[0027] The auxiliary shock absorption mechanism includes a screw pressing disc 16 threadedly connected to the bottom end of the central rod 3 and a bottom shock absorption unit arranged on the base. The screw pressing disc is inverted conical, and a first protrusion is arranged on the outer side. There is a gap between the bottom shock absorption unit and the screw pressing disc 16. The bottom shock absorption unit includes a rubber round pad 17, a metal rubber pad and a bottom sealing plate 18 connected in sequence from top to bottom. The bottom sealing plate is clamped with the base 2. A rubber round pad 10, a metal rubber pad 11 and a bottom sealing plate are arranged in sequence below the screw pressing disc. A lower isolation rubber ring 20 is arranged on the outer periphery of the auxiliary shock absorption mechanism. The upper end of the lower isolation rubber ring 20 is connected with the lower pressing disc 5, and the lower end is connected with the bottom sealing plate 18. An axial groove is arranged on the inner ring of the lower isolation rubber ring, and a second protrusion is arranged on the outer ring. The second protrusion is engaged and clamped with the groove of the base 2 to limit the radial rotation of the lower isolation rubber ring 20. The axial groove is engaged and clamped with the first protrusion on the outer side of the screw pressing disc to limit the radial rotation of the screw pressing disc.

[0028] Since the screw pressure plate 16 does not rotate circumferentially, the center rod 3 can adjust the up-and-down movement of the screw pressure plate 16 to change the clearance between the screw pressure plate 16 and the rubber circular pad 17. The rubber circular pad 17, the metal rubber pad and the lower isolation rubber ring 20 together ensure that when the displacement of the center rod 3 is too large, sufficient additional stiffness is generated to further limit the displacement of the shock absorber. The lowermost bottom sealing plate 18 is connected to the base 2 by screws, which is convenient for disassembly and facilitates the replacement of the internal rubber circular pad 17 and the metal rubber pad. The present invention can be applied to the field of marine shock absorption, the field of shock absorption of transportation vehicles, and the field of shock absorption of large-scale high-temperature equipment in factories, and has the characteristics of strong adaptability, high degree of freedom, and strong reliability.

Claims

1. A shock absorber with adjustable stiffness, characterized in that, It includes an upper cover (1), a base (2), a main damping mechanism and a side limiting mechanism. The side limiting mechanism is arranged outside the main damping mechanism, with its upper end connected to the upper cover and its lower end connected to the base. The main damping mechanism includes a central rod (3), an upper pressing plate (4) and a lower pressing plate (5) sleeved on the central rod, and a pre-compressed damping rubber (6) arranged between the upper pressing plate (4) and the lower pressing plate (5); The side limiting mechanism includes a side main body metal rubber (9). The inner side of the side main body metal rubber (9) contacts the damping rubber (6), and an adjusting assembly for vertically and movably supporting the side main body metal rubber (9) is arranged on the outer side; The adjusting assembly includes a limiting ring (10), a supporting structure (11) and an adjusting screw (12). The supporting structure (11) is arranged outside the shock absorber, and an adjusting screw (12) is arranged on the supporting structure. The limiting ring (10) is sleeved on the outer periphery of the side main body metal rubber (9) and is perpendicular to the adjusting screw (12). The outer side of the limiting ring (10) is movably connected to the adjusting screw; The supporting structure (11) is a supporting ring arranged on the outer periphery of the shock absorber. A groove is arranged on the outer side of the supporting ring, and an adjusting nut fixed on the adjusting screw (12) is embedded in the groove and is movably connected to the supporting ring.

2. The shock absorber with adjustable stiffness according to claim 1, characterized in that, The limiting ring (10) is movably connected to the adjusting screw (12) through a nut connecting piece, and the up and down movement of the limiting ring is controlled by rotating the adjusting nut on the adjusting screw (12).

3. The shock absorber with adjustable stiffness according to claim 1, characterized in that, Two groups of the limiting rings (10) are arranged, respectively above and below the supporting structure (11).

4. The shock absorber with adjustable stiffness according to claim 1, characterized in that, The upper pressing plate (4) contacts the upper cover (1) through an upper limiting metal rubber (21), and the lower pressing plate (5) contacts the base (2) through a lower limiting metal rubber (22). Heat insulation pads (8) are respectively arranged between the damping rubber (6) and the upper and lower pressing plates.

5. The shock absorber with adjustable stiffness according to claim 1, characterized in that, It further includes a secondary damping mechanism. The secondary damping mechanism includes a screw pressing plate (16) connected to the bottom end of the central rod (3) and a bottom damping unit arranged on the base. A gap is provided between the bottom damping unit and the screw pressing plate (16).

6. The shock absorber with adjustable stiffness according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom damping unit includes a rubber round pad (17), a metal rubber pad and a bottom sealing plate (18) connected in sequence from top to bottom. The bottom sealing plate (18) is connected to the base (2).

7. The shock absorber with adjustable stiffness according to claim 5, characterized in that, A lower isolation rubber ring (20) is arranged on the outer periphery of the secondary damping mechanism. The upper end of the lower isolation rubber ring is connected to the lower pressing plate, and the lower end is connected to the bottom sealing plate. The lower isolation rubber ring (20) is clamped with the base (2) to limit the radial rotation of the lower isolation rubber ring (20), and the screw pressing plate (16) is clamped with the lower isolation rubber ring (20) to limit the radial rotation of the screw pressing plate (16).

8. The shock absorber with adjustable stiffness according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom of the screw pressing plate (16) is in an inverted conical shape.

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