An integrated positioning device and positioning method for the processing of balance elbows

Abstract

The present invention provides an integrated balance elbow machining positioning device and a positioning method, which utilize the flexible positioning method of the positioning device to realize real-time monitoring of whether displacement occurs and the displacement amount during the rough machining process of the integrated balance elbow. When a large deviation occurs in the workpiece, it is convenient to correct the deviation in a timely manner to ensure the machining accuracy; through experiments, the maximum machining parameters corresponding to the displacement critical value can be obtained, and the machining efficiency can be improved on the premise of ensuring the machining accuracy; two positioning devices are used to position the two ends of the workpiece respectively, and the best pose that can evenly distribute the error to both ends can be quickly found, and the shape error of the blank itself is evenly distributed to both ends, avoiding all the errors being concentrated at one end, resulting in out-of-tolerance, and ensuring that both ends are within the qualified range to the greatest extent during machining and forming. The present invention only needs to align the first workpiece, which can avoid repeated alignment of all workpieces during batch machining, effectively shorten the machining preparation time, and improve the machining accuracy and clamping efficiency of the workpieces.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to a positioning device and a positioning method for machining an integral balance elbow. Background Art

[0002] The balance elbow is an important component of the chassis of a tracked special vehicle, connecting the vehicle body and the road wheel. It can transfer a large amount of impact energy generated by the movement of the road wheel to the torsion shaft to reduce the impact force on the vehicle body and convert the rigid impact into a flexible impact. The integral balance elbow is an improved product with structural innovation to meet the use performance of a new generation of special vehicles. It has the characteristics of high reliability and light weight and has been widely used in the action system of modern special vehicles.

[0003] Since the integral balance elbow is processed from a casting blank, there are phenomena such as irregular outer circles of the large-end shaft and the small-end shaft of the blank and non-perpendicularity of the two axes and the axis of the middle seat, and the degree of irregularity and non-perpendicularity of each blank is different. Due to the irregular outer circle of the blank, when machining and clamping, the outer circle and the supporting V-block are in point contact and cannot be closely attached. When drilling holes at the end face of the workpiece, the cutting force is large, which easily causes radial micro-displacement of the workpiece, resulting in the offset of the inner hole axis and out-of-tolerance runout, and the product is scrapped; when the axes of the large-end shaft and the small-end shaft of the blank and the axis of the middle seat are not perpendicular, it is necessary to align both ends simultaneously and find the best position and posture that can make both ends within the qualified range after machining for clamping. Usually, the alignment time for each workpiece is up to 3 hours. During batch processing, the production efficiency is severely restricted. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (1) Technical Problems to be Solved

[0005] The present invention provides a positioning device and a positioning method for machining an integral balance elbow to solve the technical problems of out-of-tolerance position degree of the inner hole of the product after machining, long alignment time, and low production efficiency caused by irregular outer circles, non-perpendicularity of the large-end axis and the small-end axis and the axis of the middle seat of the casting blank of the integral balance elbow.

[0006] (2) Technical Solutions

[0007] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention proposes an integrated balance elbow machining positioning device, which includes a bushing, a positioning core, a top spring, and a control rod; wherein, an installation hole is machined at the rear end of the bushing, a blind hole structure is machined at the front end, and an H-shaped control rod limiting groove is machined on the side wall of the blind hole to limit the effective measurement stroke of the positioning core by restricting the movement of the control rod. The long groove in the limiting groove is the control rod moving groove, and the short groove is the control rod self-locking groove; the rear section of the positioning core is located inside the blind hole of the bushing, and a threaded hole for installing the control rod is machined on the outer circle of the rear section; the front section of the positioning core is located outside the bushing and is engraved with several scale lines for detecting the displacement of the workpiece during the machining process; the top spring is installed inside the blind hole of the bushing, and the front and rear ends of the top spring are respectively abutted against the bottom end of the positioning core and the bottom of the blind hole of the bushing, so that the positioning core can freely expand and contract within the limited stroke; the bottom end of the control rod is installed in the outer circle threaded hole of the positioning core through an external thread; the control rod can switch positions between the moving groove and the self-locking groove.

[0008] Further, the top end of the control rod has a spherical part as an operation handle.

[0009] In addition, the present invention also proposes an integrated balance elbow machining positioning method, which uses the above machining positioning device, and specifically includes the following steps:

[0010] S1. Among the batch of workpieces, select an integrated balance elbow casting blank with the axes of the large shaft and the small shaft parallel and relatively perpendicular to the central axis of the middle seat as the first workpiece. Place the blank horizontally on the workbench through two V-shaped blocks, and align the axes of both ends of the workpiece blank through equipment and tools. After determining the appropriate clamping position and posture, fix it.

[0011] S2. Respectively set two positioning devices at the end positions of the large shaft and the small shaft of the first workpiece. The positioning cores of the two positioning devices are respectively in contact with the outer circles of the large shaft and the small shaft, and are pre-fixed on the workbench through V-shaped blocks and pressing plates. Fine-tune the two positioning devices so that the positioning cores of the two positioning devices are both aligned with the 0 scale line, and then fix the two positioning devices.

[0012] S3. Use a tool to machine the first workpiece. During the machining process, check at any time whether the scale of the positioning core of the two positioning devices changes to judge whether the workpiece has a radial displacement; when the position of the workpiece shifts during the machining process, the scale of the positioning core of the two positioning devices changes accordingly, and correct the position and posture of the workpiece; at the same time, select multiple groups of machining parameters for testing, and obtain the cutting parameters corresponding to the first workpiece without displacement, and use this cutting parameter as the fixed parameter for batch machining.

[0013] After the first workpiece is processed, unload the workpiece and directly place the second workpiece between the two positioning devices. Fine-tune the workpiece pose to make the positioning core scales of the two positioning devices consistent, and then fix the workpiece to start processing.

[0014] (III) Beneficial effects

[0015] The present invention provides an integrated balance elbow processing positioning device and a positioning method. The positioning device includes a bushing, a positioning core, a top spring, and a control rod. The present invention uses the flexible positioning method of the positioning device to realize the real-time monitoring of whether displacement occurs and the displacement amount during the rough machining process of the integrated balance elbow. When the workpiece has a large deviation, it is convenient to correct the deviation in time to ensure the machining accuracy; through experiments, the maximum machining parameters corresponding to the displacement critical value can be obtained, and the machining efficiency can be improved on the premise of ensuring the machining accuracy; the two positioning devices are used to position the two ends of the workpiece respectively, and the best pose that can evenly distribute the error to both ends is quickly found, and the shape error of the blank itself is evenly distributed to both ends, avoiding all the errors concentrating on one end, resulting in out-of-tolerance, and ensuring that both ends are within the qualified range to the greatest extent during machining. The present invention only needs to align the first workpiece, which can avoid repeated alignment of all workpieces during batch processing, effectively shorten the machining preparation time, and improve the machining accuracy and clamping efficiency of the workpiece. Description of the drawings

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic structural diagram of the integrated balance elbow processing positioning device according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 It is the alignment and fixing method of the first workpiece in the integrated balance elbow processing positioning method according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the state when the position of the workpiece deviates during the machining process in the integrated balance elbow processing positioning method according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the state when the large shaft and small shaft of the workpiece deviate inward in the integrated balance elbow processing positioning method according to the embodiment of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the state when the large shaft and small shaft of the workpiece deviate outward in the integrated balance elbow processing positioning method according to the embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0021] To make the purpose, content, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following further describes the detailed implementation manners of the present invention in conjunction with the drawings and embodiments.

[0022] This embodiment provides an integrated balance elbow processing positioning device and a positioning method. As Figure 1As shown in the figure, the positioning device mainly includes a bushing 1, a positioning core 2, a compression spring 3, and a control lever 4.

[0023] The rear end of the bushing 1 is machined with a mounting hole, and the front end is machined with a blind hole structure. An H-shaped control lever limiting groove is machined on the side wall of the blind hole, which is used to limit the effective measurement stroke of the positioning core 2 by restricting the movement of the control lever 4. The long groove in the limiting groove is the control lever moving groove, and the short groove is the control lever self-locking groove.

[0024] The rear section of the positioning core 2 is located inside the blind hole of the bushing 1, and a threaded hole for installing the control lever 4 is machined on the outer circle of the rear section. The front section of the positioning core 2 is located outside the bushing 1 and is engraved with a number of scale lines for detecting the displacement of the workpiece during the machining process.

[0025] The compression spring 3 is installed inside the blind hole of the bushing 1. The front and rear ends of the compression spring 3 are respectively abutted against the bottom end of the positioning core 2 and the bottom of the blind hole of the bushing 1, so that the positioning core 2 can freely expand and contract within the limited stroke.

[0026] The bottom end of the control lever 4 is installed in the outer circle threaded hole of the positioning core 2 through an external thread, and the top end has a spherical part as an operating handle. During the machining of the workpiece, the control lever 4 is placed in the moving groove on the bushing 1. When disassembling after the workpiece machining is completed, the operating lever 4 is placed in the self-locking groove on the bushing 1.

[0027] The positioning method for integral balance elbow machining using the above positioning device is as follows:

[0028] S1. Among the batch of workpieces, select the integral balance elbow casting blank 5 with the axes of the large shaft and the small shaft parallel and relatively perpendicular to the central axis of the middle seat as the first workpiece. Place the blank 5 horizontally on the workbench 6 through two V-shaped blocks 7, and align the axes at both ends of the workpiece blank 5 through the equipment and the cutter 10. After determining the appropriate clamping position and posture, fix it.

[0029] S2. Respectively set two positioning devices 8 and 9 at the end positions of the large shaft and the small shaft of the first workpiece. The positioning cores 2 of the two positioning devices 8 and 9 are respectively in contact with the outer circles of the large shaft and the small shaft, and are pre-fixed on the workbench 6 through the V-shaped blocks 7 and the pressing plates. Fine-tune the two positioning devices 8 and 9 so that the positioning cores 2 of the two positioning devices 8 and 9 are both aligned with the 0 scale line, and then fix the two positioning devices 8 and 9, as Figure 2 shown.

[0030] S3. Use the cutter 10 to machine the first workpiece. During the machining process, check at any time whether the scale of the positioning core of the two positioning devices 8 and 9 changes, so as to judge whether the workpiece has a radial displacement. As Figure 3As shown, when the position of the workpiece shifts during the machining process from the solid line position to the dashed line position, the positioning core scales of the two positioning devices 8 and 9 change accordingly, and it is necessary to correct the position and pose of the workpiece. At the same time, multiple sets of machining parameters are selected for testing to obtain the cutting parameters corresponding to the situation where the first workpiece does not displace, and these cutting parameters are used as the fixed parameters for batch machining, while taking into account both machining accuracy and machining efficiency.

[0031] S4. After the first workpiece is machined, unload the workpiece, directly place the second workpiece between the two positioning devices 8 and 9, finely adjust the position and pose of the workpiece to make the positioning core scales of the two positioning devices 8 and 9 consistent, then fix the workpiece and start machining. This process does not require aligning the workpiece, and there is no need to move the fixed positions of the two positioning devices 8 and 9. All workpieces are based on the first workpiece. The consistent positioning core scales of the two positioning devices 8 and 9 mean that the shape error of the blank itself is evenly distributed at both ends of the workpiece, avoiding the phenomenon that when the axes of the two ends of the blank are not perpendicular to the axis of the middle seat, taking one end axis as the reference will increase the deviation of the other end axis, resulting in a serious out-of-tolerance of the coaxiality between the hole and the shaft when drilling on the end face and causing the product to be scrapped.

[0032] During batch machining, if it is found that most of the workpiece blanks are deformed, when the large shaft and the small shaft are respectively deflected inward by angles α and γ, finely adjust the installation position and pose of the workpiece to make the positioning core scales of the two positioning devices 8 and 9 consistent. If the two scale values are both "-1", then fix the workpiece and start machining, as Figure 4 shown; when the large shaft and the small shaft are respectively deflected outward by angles α and γ, finely adjust the installation position and pose of the workpiece to make the positioning core scales of the two positioning devices 8 and 9 consistent. If the two scale values are both "1", then fix the workpiece and start machining, as Figure 5 shown. This positioning method can evenly distribute the shape error of the blank itself to both ends.

[0033] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art in this technical field, without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, several improvements and deformations can still be made, and these improvements and deformations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An integrated processing and positioning method for a balance arm, characterized in that The machining positioning device used in the machining positioning method includes a bushing, a positioning core, a top spring, and a control lever. Among them, an installation hole is machined at the rear end of the bushing, and a blind hole structure is machined at the front end. An H-shaped control lever limiting groove is machined on the side wall of the blind hole, which is used to limit the effective measurement stroke of the positioning core by restricting the movement of the control lever. The long groove in the limiting groove is the control lever moving groove, and the short groove is the control lever self-locking groove. The rear section of the positioning core is located inside the blind hole of the bushing, and a threaded hole for installing the control lever is machined on the outer circle of the rear section. The front section of the positioning core is located outside the bushing and is engraved with several scale lines for detecting the displacement of the workpiece during machining. The top spring is installed inside the blind hole of the bushing, and the front and rear ends of the top spring are respectively abutted against the bottom end of the positioning core and the bottom of the blind hole of the bushing, so that the positioning core can freely expand and contract within the limited stroke. The bottom end of the control lever is installed in the outer circle threaded hole of the positioning core through an external thread. The control lever can switch positions between the moving groove and the self-locking groove. The machining positioning method specifically includes the following steps: S1. Among the batch of workpieces, select an integral balance elbow casting blank with the axes of the large shaft and the small shaft parallel and relatively perpendicular to the central axis of the intermediate seat as the first workpiece. Place the blank horizontally on the workbench through two V-shaped blocks, align the axes of both ends of the workpiece blank through the equipment and the tool, and fix it after determining the appropriate clamping position and posture. S2. Respectively set the two positioning devices at the end positions of the large shaft and the small shaft of the first workpiece. The positioning cores of the two positioning devices are respectively in contact with the outer circles of the large shaft and the small shaft, and are pre-fixed on the workbench through the V-shaped blocks and the pressing plates. Fine-tune the two positioning devices so that the positioning cores of the two positioning devices are both aligned with the 0 scale line, and then fix the two positioning devices. S3. Use the tool to machine the first workpiece. During the machining process, check at any time whether the scale of the positioning core of the two positioning devices changes to judge whether the workpiece has a radial displacement. When the position of the workpiece shifts during the machining process, the scale of the positioning core of the two positioning devices changes accordingly, and the position and posture of the workpiece are corrected. At the same time, select multiple sets of machining parameters for testing, and obtain the cutting parameters corresponding to the situation where the first workpiece does not have displacement. Use this cutting parameter as the solidified parameter for batch machining. S4. After the first workpiece is machined, unload the workpiece, directly place the second workpiece between the two positioning devices, fine-tune the position and posture of the workpiece so that the scale of the positioning cores of the two positioning devices is consistent, and then fix the workpiece and start machining.

2. The integrated balance elbow machining and positioning method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top end of the control lever has a spherical part as an operating handle.

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