Rock breaking and escape device after shield machine is stuck in hard rock excavation and machine jam treatment method

Abstract

The present invention discloses a rock-breaking and escaping device after a shield machine is stuck in hard rock excavation and a method for handling the stuck machine, and belongs to the technical field of shield construction. The rock-breaking and escaping device after a shield machine is stuck in hard rock excavation comprises a rock-breaking cutter box mounting seat, an expanding and digging rock-breaking cutter, and a notch telescopic distance-adjusting ring A. The rock-breaking cutter box mounting seat is fixedly connected to the inner side of the cutter head of the shield machine, the expanding and digging rock-breaking cutter is detachably fixed to the rock-breaking cutter box mounting seat by bolts, and the expanding and digging rock-breaking cutter is correspondingly located at the front shield notch position of the shield machine, the inclination angle of the expanding and digging rock-breaking cutter is consistent with the inclination angle of the gauge cutter on the cutter head, and the notch telescopic distance-adjusting ring A comprises a notch ring and a telescopic distance-adjusting ring B, and the notch ring is detachably connected to the front end of the front shield of the shield machine through the telescopic distance-adjusting ring B. The present invention can expose the necked convex rock after entering the notch to a processable working surface position by changing the notch structure, and break it by the installed expanding and digging rock-breaking cutter, thereby saving the time and cost of handling the stuck machine.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a rock-breaking and escaping device for shield machine stuck in hard rock excavation, belonging to the technical field of shield construction. The present invention also relates to a method for handling a shield machine stuck in hard rock strata excavation using the rock-breaking and escaping device. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the domestic economy, public transportation construction has flourished in various places, and the demand for subways in various cities has become more and more urgent. With the increase in the amount of urban subway construction, the difficulties encountered in subway construction have gradually increased, especially in areas with complex geological conditions, and the requirements for equipment have become higher and higher. In order to take into account a variety of different strata, equipment manufacturers have manufactured multi-mode shield machines, but with the increase in functions, the equipment can only have a good adaptability to conventional strata. In extreme strata, such as TBM / EPB dual-mode shield machines encountering extremely hard rock strata in soft and hard strata, it will lead to low equipment excavation efficiency, excessive wear of cutters, and increased probability of abnormal wear of cutters. In extreme cases, serious events such as eccentric wear of cutters will occur, leading to machine jams and abnormal damage to key parts of the equipment.

[0003] As attached Figure 1 As shown in the figure, in the TBM / EPB dual-mode shield machine, the shield machine is generally designed to protect the main drive with a front shield cut wear ring slightly larger than the cutter head outer circle protection cutter. Although the diameter of the gauge cutter excavation is larger than the cut diameter, the excavation contour line of the gauge cutter is a certain distance (60cm) from the cut. If the gauge cutter is worn eccentrically, the excavation diameter of the equipment will gradually decrease, and the diameter of the cutter head outer circle protection cutter is smaller than the cut diameter. The insufficient excavation diameter cannot be reflected in time, and the relative relationship between the excavation contour and the shield body cannot be reflected in time. If the excavation diameter is between the diameter of the cutter head outer circle protection cutter and the shield body diameter, the under-excavated rock layer will be stuck at the front shield cut position after passing through the outer circle protection cutter. The under-excavated rock layer is difficult to handle outside the ring. If the shield machine is constructed for a long time, the front shield cut position will be deformed so that part of the under-excavated position enters the rear of the front shield and gets stuck in the shield body. Conventional methods cannot handle it and can only be blasted at the front end of the cutter head to break the rock layer and get out of trouble. The machine jam processing time is often more than one month, which seriously affects the construction progress and increases the construction cost. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned defects existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a rock breaking and escaping device after a shield machine gets stuck during hard rock excavation, which has a simple structure and can shorten the processing time of the stuck machine and reduce the construction cost of the stuck machine.

[0005] The present invention is realized through the following technical scheme: a rock breaking and escaping device after a shield machine is stuck during hard rock excavation, characterized in that it includes a rock breaker box mounting seat, an expanding and digging rock breaking tool, and a notch telescopic distance adjusting ring A, wherein the rock breaker box mounting seat is fixedly connected to the inner side of the cutter head of the shield machine, the expanding and digging rock breaking tool is detachably fixed to the rock breaker box mounting seat by bolts, and the expanding and digging rock breaking tool is located corresponding to the front shield notch position of the shield machine, the inclination angle of the expanding and digging rock breaking tool is consistent with the inclination angle of the gauge knife on the cutter head, and the notch telescopic distance adjusting ring A includes a notch ring and a telescopic distance adjusting ring B, and the notch ring is detachably connected to the front end of the front shield of the shield machine through the telescopic distance adjusting ring B.

[0006] In the present invention, the incision structure is changed by designing the incision telescopic distance adjustment ring A. During normal excavation construction, the incision telescopic distance adjustment ring A is in the longest state. When the machine is stuck, the telescopic distance adjustment ring B can be removed to expose the necked convex rock after entering the incision to the processable working surface position. When the machine is stuck, after installing the expansion and excavation rock breaking tool, the expansion and excavation rock breaking tool can be driven by the rotation of the cutter head to break the necked convex rock and expand the excavation by using the power of the equipment itself, so as to help the equipment get out of trouble. During normal excavation construction, the expansion and excavation rock breaking tool is removed, and the incision telescopic distance adjustment ring A is in the longest state. When the dual-mode shield equipment is excavating hard rock strata with good integrity, due to the low penetration rate and slow excavation speed, the excavated rock blocks are often ground into powder in the soil bin and deposited at the bottom of the soil bin, wrapping the screw machine head, accelerating the wear of the screw machine, and also making it difficult for the equipment to discharge slag. The rock breaker box mounting seat provided in the present invention plays the role of an active stirring rod during the normal excavation process of the equipment, which can stir the slag in front of the screw machine, reduce the wear of the screw machine, and is more conducive to the discharge of slag by the screw machine.

[0007] Furthermore, in order to improve the stirring effect of the rock breaker box mounting seat on the debris during the normal excavation process of the equipment, the rock breaker box mounting seat is extended into the soil bin.

[0008] Furthermore, the tool used for the expansion and rock breaking tool is an 18-inch narrow-blade tool with an R9 arc blade.

[0009] Furthermore, the rear end of the cutout ring and both ends of the telescopic distance-adjusting ring B are provided with a plug-in structure, and the front end of the front shield of the shield machine is also provided with a plug-in structure, and the cutout ring and the telescopic distance-adjusting ring B can be plugged into the plug-in structure of the front end of the front shield of the shield machine through the plug-in structure at their ends and fixedly connected together by bolts. By providing the plug-in structure, the cutout ring, the telescopic distance-adjusting ring B and the front end of the front shield can be quickly installed and disassembled.

[0010] Furthermore, to facilitate the installation of the excavation and rock breaking tool, the distance between the two bolt holes of the telescopic distance adjusting ring B is 9 cm.

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for processing a machine stuck in a hard rock formation by using the rock breaking and escaping device mentioned above; when the shield machine is in normal construction, only the rock breaking cutter box mounting seat and the cutout telescopic distance adjusting ring A are installed, and when the machine is stuck, the excavation and rock breaking cutter is installed, which includes the following processing steps:

[0012] a) If the machine is stuck, stop the machine in time when it is confirmed that the stratum is stable and there is no geological risk. Use the screw machine and manual labor to empty the slag in the soil bin of the shield machine to provide a working surface for the adjustment of the cutting telescopic distance adjustment ring A and the installation of the excavation and rock breaking cutter;

[0013] b) After the soil bin is emptied, the bolt holes of the rock breaker box mounting seat and the mounting bolts of the cutout telescopic adjustable distance ring A are cleaned, and the ring seam seal of the cutout telescopic adjustable distance ring A is removed;

[0014] c) Remove the telescopic distance ring B of the cut telescopic distance ring A, and then move the cut ring of the cut telescopic distance ring A backwards to be directly connected to the front shield, so as to provide working space for the installation of the excavation and rock breaking tool;

[0015] d) rotating the cutter head to move the rock breaking cutter box mounting seat to a position convenient for manual operation, and manually breaking the protruding rock layer corresponding to the position where the excavation and rock breaking cutter is installed to provide installation space for the excavation and rock breaking cutter;

[0016] e) Fix the cutter box of the excavation and rock breaking cutter on the rock breaking cutter box mounting seat by means of bolts, install the cutter and replace the gauge cutter;

[0017] f) After installing the cutter, run the cutter head idle to expand the under-excavated position of the gauge cutter and the front shield;

[0018] g) After the cutter disc idles until the torque decreases, increase the thrust appropriately and control the propulsion speed within 5mm / min;

[0019] h) After the rock breaking and excavation is completed, the excavation and rock breaking cutters are removed, the incision telescopic distance adjustment ring A is restored to its original state, the cutters are inspected and replaced, and then normal excavation is resumed.

[0020] Furthermore, the slag in the soil bin should be emptied during the rock breaking and excavation process.

[0021] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention has a simple structure, and by changing the incision structure design, the size of the incision can be adjusted, so that the necked convex rock after entering the incision can be exposed to the position of the processable working surface, and can be broken by the installed expansion and rock breaking tool, which greatly saves the time and labor of the machine jam processing, and can shorten the conventional convex rock processing time from 5 days to 1 day. The method of the present invention avoids the risk of blasting back after the convex rock enters the incision ring, shortens the serious machine jam processing time from 1 month of construction time to 2 days, greatly reduces the risk of machine jam processing, and saves machine jam processing time and processing costs. In addition, when the dual-mode shield equipment is excavating hard rock formations with good integrity, due to the low penetration and slow excavation speed, the excavated rock blocks are often ground into powder in the soil bin and deposited at the bottom of the soil bin, wrapping the spiral machine head and accelerating the wear of the spiral machine, and also causing the equipment to be difficult to discharge slag. The rock breaker box mounting seat in the present invention can play the role of an active stirring rod during the normal excavation process of the equipment, which can stir the slag in front of the spiral machine, reduce the wear of the spiral machine, and is more conducive to the discharge of the spiral machine. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the relative position of the gauge cutter and the incision in the existing shield machine;

[0023] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the installation of the rock breaking and escaping device in a specific implementation manner;

[0024] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 An enlarged schematic diagram of the rock breaking and escape device part;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a front view of the rock breaker box mounting seat of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 is a top view of the rock breaker box mounting seat of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 is a side view of the rock breaker box mounting seat of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the installation position of the rock breaker box mounting seat and the cutout telescopic distance adjusting ring A in the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 It is a connection cross-sectional view of the notched telescopic distance adjusting ring A in the present invention;

[0030] In the figure, 1. rock breaker box mounting seat, 2. excavation rock breaker tool, 3. incision telescopic distance adjusting ring A, 3-1. incision ring, 3-2. telescopic distance adjusting ring B, 3-3. fixing bolt, 4. diameter protection knife, 5. cutter disc outer circle protection knife, 6. front shield incision, 7. front shield, 8. cutter disc, 9. excavation contour line, 10. screw machine, 11. soil bin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be further described below by way of non-limiting embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0032] Taking the TBM / EPB dual-mode shield as an example, in order to protect the main drive, the shield machine is generally designed with the wear-resistant ring of the front shield cutout 6 slightly larger than the outer circle protection cutter 5 of the cutter head, as shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown, although the excavation diameter of the gauge cutter 4 is larger than the incision, the excavation contour line of the gauge cutter 4 is a certain distance away from the incision (the distance of the equipment is 60cm). Once the gauge cutter is worn eccentrically, the excavation diameter of the equipment will gradually decrease, and the diameter of the cutter disc outer circle protection knife 5 is smaller than the incision diameter. The insufficient excavation diameter cannot be reflected in time, and it will be very difficult to handle when the necking position reaches the rear of the cutter disc. If the necking position is after the incision, conventional methods cannot handle it and it can only be blasted at the front end of the cutter disc to break the necking rock layer.

[0033] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a rock breaking and escaping device and a method for handling a shield machine jam after the shield machine gets stuck during hard rock excavation.

[0034] As attached Figures 2 - 8 As shown, a rock breaking and escaping device for a shield machine stuck in hard rock excavation comprises a rock breaker box mounting seat 1, an excavation rock breaker tool 2, and a cutter telescopic distance adjusting ring A3. The rock breaker box mounting seat 1 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the cutter head 8 of the shield machine, the excavation rock breaker tool 2 is detachably fixed to the rock breaker box mounting seat 1 by bolts, and the excavation rock breaker tool 2 is located at the front shield cutter 6 of the shield machine.

[0035] In this embodiment, the rock breaking cutter box mounting seat 1 is modified by cutting the passive stirring rod of the shield machine according to the cutter head structure style (as shown in the attached Figures 4 - 6 As shown in the figure, the rock breaker box mounting seat 1 is fixed on the cutter head 8 by welding and extends horizontally into the soil bin 11. The rock breaker box mounting seat 1 is provided with bolt holes for installing the excavation rock breaker tool 2. The rock breaker box mounting seat 1 extends into the soil bin and can play the role of an active stirring rod during the normal excavation process of the equipment, stirring the slag in front of the screw machine 11, reducing the wear of the screw machine, and facilitating the slag discharge of the screw machine.

[0036] The excavation and rock-breaking tool 2 includes a tool box and a rock-breaking tool. The excavation and rock-breaking tool 2 is installed on the rock-breaking tool box mounting seat 1 through its tool box by bolts. After the excavation and rock-breaking tool 2 is installed, the inclination angle of the tool should be consistent with the inclination angle of the diameter-keeping knife 4 on the cutter disc. After the tool is installed, it should be ensured that the tool is more than 10 centimeters away from the fully extended screw machine 10 to prevent the tool from colliding with the screw machine 10 when the cutter disc rotates during the rock breaking process. And it should be ensured that the excavation diameter of the excavation and rock-breaking tool 2 is consistent with the excavation diameter of the diameter-keeping knife 4 on the cutter disc to ensure that the excavation diameter can meet the smooth passage of the shield. In this embodiment, the tool used for the excavation and rock-breaking tool 2 is preferably an 18-inch narrow-blade tool with an R9 arc blade.

[0037] The notched telescopic distance adjusting ring A3 includes a notched ring 3-1 and a telescopic distance adjusting ring B3-2. Both the notched ring 3-1 and the telescopic distance adjusting ring B3-2 are annular structures consistent with the front diameter. The notched ring 3-1 is consistent with the front structure of the existing shield of the shield machine, and a wear-resistant ring is arranged at its front end. The notched ring 3-1 is detachably connected to the front end of the shield of the shield machine through the telescopic distance adjusting ring B3-2. In order to facilitate rapid installation and disassembly, in this embodiment, the rear end of the notched ring 3-1 and the two ends of the telescopic distance adjusting ring B3-2 are provided with plug-in structures, and the front end of the shield of the shield machine is also provided with a plug-in structure. Bolt holes are arranged on each plug-in structure. The notched ring 3-1 and the telescopic distance adjusting ring B3-2 can be plugged into the plug-in structure of the front end of the shield machine through the plug-in structure at their ends and fixedly connected together by bolts. In this embodiment, the distance between the two bolt holes on the plug-in structures at both ends of the telescopic distance adjusting ring B3-2 is preferably 9 cm. After removing the telescopic spacing ring B3-2, the incision can be retreated to a length of 9 cm. After the telescopic spacing ring B is removed, the incision ring is retreated and installed to the front shield, which not only provides space for the tool installation, but also the incision retreating 9 cm will expose the protruding rock layer stuck in the incision position within the working range of the expansion and rock breaking tool, which is beneficial to the construction of the rock breaking tool.

[0038] During normal construction of the shield machine, only the rock breaker box mounting seat 1 and the cut telescopic distance adjusting ring A3 are installed, and the cut telescopic distance adjusting ring A3 is in the longest state. When the machine is stuck, the excavation rock breaker tool 2 is installed. During normal construction, the rock breaker box mounting seat 1 acts as an active stirring rod to ensure that the slag in the soil bin is discharged smoothly. The above-mentioned rock breaking and escape device is used to deal with the jam of the shield equipment during excavation in hard rock formations, including the following processing steps:

[0039] a) If the machine is stuck, the machine should be stopped in time when it is confirmed that the stratum is stable and there is no geological risk. The slag in the soil bin 11 of the shield machine should be emptied by the screw machine and manual labor to provide a working surface for the adjustment of the incision telescopic distance adjustment ring A3 and the installation of the excavation rock breaking tool 2;

[0040] b) After the soil bin 11 is emptied, clean the bolt holes of the rock-breaking cutter box mounting seat 1 and the mounting bolts of the incision telescopic distance-adjusting ring A3, and remove the annular seam seal of the incision telescopic distance-adjusting ring A.

[0041] c) Remove the telescopic distance-adjusting ring B3-2 of the incision telescopic distance-adjusting ring A3, and then move the incision ring 3-1 of the incision telescopic distance-adjusting ring A3 backward to be directly connected to the front shield installation, providing a working space for the installation of the rock-breaking cutter 2 for excavation expansion.

[0042] d) Rotate the cutter head to turn the rock-breaking cutter box mounting seat 1 to a position convenient for manual operation, and manually break the protruding rock layer at the position corresponding to the installation of the rock-breaking cutter 2 for excavation expansion to provide an installation space for the rock-breaking cutter 2 for excavation expansion.

[0043] e) Fix the cutter box of the rock-breaking cutter 2 for excavation expansion on the rock-breaking cutter box mounting seat 1 through bolts, install the cutter and replace the gauge cutter 4.

[0044] f) After installing the cutter, idle the cutter head. The cutter head drives the rock-breaking cutter 2 for excavation expansion to rotate, and expands the gauge cutter 4 and the under-excavated position of the front shield incision to the proper position.

[0045] g) After the cutter head idles until the cutter head torque decreases, appropriately increase the thrust, control the propulsion speed within 5 mm / min, and check the cutters in the bin every about 10 cm during tunneling (if the parameters fluctuate abnormally during tunneling, stop tunneling immediately and check the cutters in the bin).

[0046] h) During the rock-breaking excavation and tunneling process, try to empty the muck in the soil bin 11 as much as possible. After the rock-breaking excavation and expansion are completed, remove the rock-breaking cutter 2 for excavation expansion, restore the incision telescopic distance-adjusting ring A3 to its original state, check and replace the cutters, and then resume normal tunneling.

[0047] By changing the incision structure design, the present invention enables the incision size to be adjustable, exposes the necking convex rock after entering the incision to the treatable working surface position, and uses the equipment's own power source through the added rock-breaking cutter for excavation expansion to break the necking rock layer and help the equipment get out of trouble, greatly saving the equipment jamming treatment time and treatment costs, and avoiding the risk of reverse excavation by blasting after the convex rock enters the incision ring.

[0048] Other parts in this embodiment are all prior arts and will not be elaborated here.

Claims

1. A rock-breaking and escaping device for a shield machine stuck in hard rock excavation, characterized by: The invention comprises a rock breaker box mounting seat (1), an excavation rock breaker tool (2), and a notch telescopic distance adjusting ring A (3), wherein the rock breaker box mounting seat (1) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the cutter head of a shield machine, the excavation rock breaker tool (2) is detachably fixed to the rock breaker box mounting seat (1) by means of bolts, and the excavation rock breaker tool (2) is located corresponding to the front shield notch (6) of the shield machine, the inclination angle of the excavation rock breaker tool (2) is consistent with the inclination angle of the gauge cutter (4) on the cutter head, and the notch telescopic distance adjusting ring A (3) comprises a notch ring (3-1) and a telescopic distance adjusting ring B (3-2), and the notch ring (3-1) is detachably connected to the front end of the front shield of the shield machine by means of the telescopic distance adjusting ring B (3-2).

2. The rock-breaking and escaping device for a shield machine stuck in hard rock excavation according to claim 1 is characterized by: The rock breaker box mounting seat (1) extends into the soil bin.

3. The rock breaking and escaping device for a shield machine stuck in hard rock excavation according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The rear end of the notch ring (3-1) and both ends of the telescopic spacing ring B (3-2) are provided with a plug-in structure, and the front end of the front shield of the shield machine is also provided with a plug-in structure. The notch ring (3-1) and the telescopic spacing ring B (3-2) can be plugged into the plug-in structure at the front end of the front shield of the shield machine through the plug-in structure at their ends and fixedly connected together by bolts.

4. The rock-breaking and escaping device for a shield machine stuck in hard rock excavation according to claim 3 is characterized by: The distance between the two bolt holes of the telescopic spacing ring B (3-2) is 9 cm.

5. A method for dealing with the jamming of a shield equipment during tunneling in hard rock strata, characterized in that: The rock breaking and escaping device according to any one of claims 1 to 4 is used for processing; when the shield machine is in normal construction, only the rock breaking tool box mounting seat (1) and the cutter telescopic distance adjusting ring A (3) are installed, and when the machine is stuck, the excavation and rock breaking tool (2) is installed, comprising the following processing steps: a) If the machine is stuck, the machine is stopped immediately after confirming that the stratum is stable and there is no geological risk. The soil in the soil bin of the shield machine is emptied by means of a screw machine and manual labor, so as to provide a working surface for adjusting the telescopic distance adjustment ring A (3) and installing the rock-breaking cutter (2); b) After the soil bin is emptied, the bolt holes of the rock breaker box mounting seat (1) and the mounting bolts of the cutout telescopic spacing ring A (3) are cleaned, and the ring seam seal of the cutout telescopic spacing ring A is removed; c) removing the telescopic spacing ring B (3-2) of the telescopic spacing ring A (3), and then moving the cut ring (3-1) of the telescopic spacing ring A (3) backwards to be directly connected to the front shield, thereby providing a working space for the installation of the excavation and rock breaking tool (2); d) rotating the cutter head to turn the rock breaking cutter box mounting seat (1) to a position convenient for manual operation, and manually breaking the protruding rock layer corresponding to the position where the excavation and rock breaking cutter (2) is to be installed, thereby providing installation space for the excavation and rock breaking cutter (2); e) fixing the cutter box of the rock-breaking cutter (2) to the rock-breaking cutter box mounting seat (1) by means of bolts, installing the cutter and replacing the gauge cutter (4); f) After installing the cutter, rotate the cutter head idly to expand the under-excavated position of the gauge cutter (4) and the front shield cutter; g) After the cutter disc idles until the torque decreases, increase the thrust appropriately and control the propulsion speed within 5mm / min; h) After the rock breaking and excavation is completed, the excavation and rock breaking cutter (2) is removed, the cutter telescopic distance adjusting ring A (3) is restored to its original state, the cutter is inspected and replaced, and then normal excavation is resumed.

6. The method for dealing with the jamming of the shield equipment during tunneling in hard rock strata according to claim 5, characterized in that: During the process of rock breaking and excavation, the muck in the soil bin should be emptied.

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