Borehole plugging device

Abstract

The present invention discloses a blast hole plugging device, comprising: a plugging body which is arranged in the blast hole and used for plugging the blast hole, a cavity is arranged in the plugging body, and a plurality of through holes communicating with the cavity are arranged along the circumferential direction of the plugging body; a plurality of supporting devices which are respectively inserted into the plurality of through holes correspondingly, one end of the supporting device extends into the cavity, and the end sides of the plurality of supporting devices form a supporting ring in the cavity; a plurality of elastic limiting devices which are arranged along the circumferential direction on the side wall of the cavity; and a counterweight body, an annular clamping groove is arranged along the circumferential direction on the outer side wall thereof, one end of the counterweight body is limited on the supporting ring, and the counterweight body is also clamped by the plurality of elastic limiting devices so that the counterweight body is limited in the cavity. The present invention can effectively reduce the acting force of the explosive on the blocking object, thereby greatly reducing the occurrence of phenomena such as punching holes, enhancing the blasting effect and improving the utilization rate of the explosive energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of rock blasting excavation, and particularly relates to a blast hole plugging device. Background Art

[0002] As an economical and efficient excavation method, drilling and blasting is still widely used in the deep rock mass excavation of domestic hydropower, mining, transportation and other projects. In blasting operations, there are many factors affecting the blasting effect, and blast hole plugging is one of the important factors. The influence of blast hole plugging and non-plugging on the peak value of the explosion shock wave is not obvious, but the subsequent pressure reduction, especially the reduction of the pressure of the explosion-generated gas and the time of its action on the rock to produce fracture, is related to whether it is plugged or not. The resistance of the plugging material prolongs the maintenance time of the high-temperature and high-pressure state in the blast hole, increases the degree of completion of the chemical reaction of the explosive, and can obtain more sufficient explosion energy. At the same time, the resistance of the plugging material prolongs the action time of the high-pressure gas in the hole, so that the cracks previously generated by the action of the stress wave are accelerated under the action of the gas wedge of the high-pressure gas. The high-pressure gas wedges into the cracks, which not only improves the rock-breaking effect, but also reduces the throwing distance of the rock and reduces the intensity of the air shock wave. All in all, improving the quality of blast hole plugging plays a very important role in enhancing the blasting effect and controlling blasting flyrock.

[0003] However, on-site blast hole plugging mostly relies on past construction experience, and the plugging materials are also locally sourced, resulting in a large deviation between the final plugging effect and the expected one, which leads to the following two problems: (1) The plugging length is too short, which is likely to cause punching, resulting in the leakage of blasting energy, reducing the blasting effect and increasing the danger of blasting construction; (2) The plugging length is too long, resulting in a reduction in the charging section, reducing the utilization rate of the blast hole and increasing the drilling cost, and at the same time increasing the large block rate of the rock in the plugging section. In addition, if the plugging material has poor performance when using the same plugging scheme, the probability of punching will also increase greatly. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a plugging device with high performance in engineering practice. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a blast hole plugging device for the deficiencies of the prior art, which can effectively reduce the acting force of the explosive on the plugging object, thereby greatly reducing the occurrence of phenomena such as punching, enhancing the blasting effect and improving the utilization rate of the explosive energy.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A blast hole plugging device, comprising:

[0007] A plugging body, which is arranged in the blast hole and used for plugging the blast hole. A cavity is arranged in the plugging body, and a plurality of through holes communicating with the cavity are arranged along the circumferential direction of the plugging body;

[0008] A plurality of supporting devices are respectively inserted into a plurality of through holes correspondingly. One end of the supporting device extends into the cavity, and the end sides of the plurality of supporting devices form a supporting ring in the cavity;

[0009] A plurality of elastic limiting devices are arranged on the side wall of the cavity along the circumferential direction. Among them, the elastic limiting devices are arranged at intervals with the supporting devices; and

[0010] A counterweight body is provided with an annular clamping groove along the circumferential direction on its outer side wall. One end of the counterweight body is limited on the supporting ring, and the counterweight body is also clamped by a plurality of elastic limiting devices so that the counterweight body is limited in the cavity;

[0011] During blasting, under the action of the detonation wave, the plug body generates an acceleration along the direction of the detonation wave transmission, so that the plug body and the counterweight body have a relative displacement. The counterweight body moves in the opposite direction and pushes the plurality of supporting devices to move out of the plug body in the plurality of through holes to generate a mechanical biting force with the hole wall of the blast hole. At the same time, during the movement of the counterweight body, the plurality of elastic limiting devices clamping the counterweight body move along the surface of the counterweight body to be respectively clamped in the clamping grooves, so as to fix the counterweight body.

[0012] Further, the surface of the plug body is a convex arc surface.

[0013] Further, the plug body is an ellipsoid or a sphere.

[0014] Further, the supporting device is a rod body, and when the elastic limiting device is fixedly clamped into the clamping groove on the counterweight body, the sum of the radius of the contact point between the counterweight body and the rod body and the length of the rod body is not less than the radius of the blast hole.

[0015] Further, the elastic limiting device includes a groove provided on the side wall of the cavity, a spring with one end fixed to the bottom of the groove, and a limiting plate connected to the other end of the spring. In the initial state, the limiting rod extends out of the groove and presses against the outer surface of the counterweight body.

[0016] Further, the counterweight body includes a conical section and a cylindrical section connected to the conical section. The diameter of the conical section gradually increases as it moves away from the supporting device. The end side of the conical section close to the supporting device is an arc surface, and the clamping groove is provided on the outer wall of the conical section.

[0017] Further, the plug body is made of a material with a high wave impedance.

[0018] Further, the supporting device is made of a high-strength material.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: When blasting, the support device provided by the present invention is pushed out by the counterweight and mechanically engages with the hole wall of the blast hole. The elastic limiting device locks into the card slot to fix the counterweight during blasting. At the same time, since the surface of the plugging body facing the explosive is a convex arc, it can reflect the detonation wave. Thus, under the combined action of the mechanical biting force and the shock wave reflection, the counterweight can also release part of the energy, thereby effectively reducing the acting force of the explosive on the plugging object, greatly reducing the possibility of the occurrence of punching phenomenon, enhancing the blasting effect and improving the utilization rate of the explosive capacity. At the same time, the present invention is detachable, and damaged components can be replaced for reuse, effectively reducing the use cost. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is the longitudinal sectional view of the blast hole plugging device of the embodiment of the present invention in the normal state;

[0021] Figure 2 is the transverse sectional view of the blast hole plugging device of the embodiment of the present invention in the normal state;

[0022] Figure 3 is the longitudinal sectional view of the blast hole plugging device of the embodiment of the present invention under the impact action state;

[0023] Figure 4 is the transverse sectional view of the blast hole plugging device of the embodiment of the present invention under the impact action state. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0024] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments in the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0026] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments, but it is not limited to the present invention.

[0027] Such as Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a blast hole plugging device, which includes a plugging body 1, a plurality of support devices 2, a plurality of elastic limiting devices, and a counterweight body 4. A cavity 11 is axially arranged inside the plugging body 1, and a plurality of through holes 12 communicating with the cavity 11 are arranged on the plugging body 1 along its circumferential direction. In order to reduce the deformation of the plugging body 1 under the action of detonation waves, the plugging body 1 is made of a high-strength material with a high wave impedance. In addition, the outer surface of the plugging body 1 is a convex arc surface so that the plugging body can emit detonation waves. Specifically, the plugging body 1 can be an ellipsoid or a sphere. The support device 2 is a rod made of a high-strength material. A plurality of support devices 2 are correspondingly inserted into a plurality of through holes 12, and one end of the support device 2 extends into the cavity 11. The end sides of the plurality of support devices 2 extending into the cavity 11 form a circular support ring in the cavity. In order to enable the support device 2 to form a mechanical bite with the blast hole wall during blasting, and when the elastic limiting device is fixedly clamped into the card slot on the counterweight body, the sum of the radius of the contact point between the counterweight body and the rod and the length of the rod is not less than the radius of the blast hole in the direction of the rod. A plurality of elastic limiting devices are arranged on the side wall of the cavity 11 along the circumferential direction, and the elastic limiting devices and the support device 2 are arranged at intervals. The elastic limiting device includes a groove 31 arranged on the inner wall of the cavity 11, a spring 32 with one end fixed to the bottom of the groove 31, and a limiting rod 33 connected to the other end of the spring 32. In the initial state, the limiting rod 33 extends out of the groove 31 and presses against the outer surface of the counterweight body 4. The limiting rod 33 is also made of a high-strength material.

[0028] The counterweight body 4 includes a conical section 41 and a cylindrical section 42 connected to the conical section 41. The diameter of the conical section 41 gradually increases as it moves away from the support device 2, and the end side of the conical section 41 close to the support device 2 is an arc end face 43. One end of the conical section 41 of the counterweight body 4 is limited by the support ring, and the other end of the conical section of the counterweight body 42 is clamped by a plurality of elastic limiting devices so that the counterweight body 4 is limited in the cavity 11 in the initial state. In addition, an annular card slot 44 cooperating with the limiting rod is arranged on the outer wall of the end side of the conical section of the counterweight body 4 away from the support device, so that during blasting, the limiting rod 33 moves into the annular card slot 44 to fix the counterweight body 4.

[0029] During operation, the blast hole plugging device is installed in the blast hole, and the arc-shaped end face 43 of the conical section 41 of the counterweight 4 faces the explosive. During blasting, under the action of the detonation wave, the plug 1 will generate a large acceleration along the direction of the detonation wave propagation, causing a relative displacement between the plug 1 and the counterweight 4. The counterweight 4 will move axially in the opposite direction and push the plurality of support devices 2 to move in the plurality of through holes 12, so that the plurality of support devices 2 extend out of the plug and generate a mechanical biting force with the blast hole wall, thereby effectively reducing the force of the explosive on the plugging material, and further greatly reducing the possibility of punching phenomenon; at the same time, during the process of the counterweight 4 moving in the opposite direction of the detonation wave propagation, the limiting rods 33 clamping the counterweight move along the surface of the conical section 41 until each limiting rod 33 is clamped in the annular groove 44, thus fixing the counterweight 4, see Figure 3 and Figure 4 , further reducing the force of the detonation wave on the plug 1. At the same time, since the surface of the plug 1 facing the explosive is elliptical or circular, the surface of the plug 1 facing the explosive can reflect the detonation wave propagating along the axis, effectively reducing the effect of the detonation on the plug 1 again.

[0030] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the implementation manners and protection scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it should be realized that all equivalent replacements and obvious changes made by using the content of the specification of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A blast hole plugging device, characterized in that, Comprising: A plugging body, which is arranged in the blast hole and used for plugging the blast hole. A cavity is arranged in the plugging body, and a plurality of through holes communicating with the cavity are arranged along the circumferential direction of the plugging body; A plurality of support devices, which are respectively inserted into the plurality of through holes correspondingly. One end of the support device extends into the cavity, and the end sides of the plurality of support devices form a support ring in the cavity; A plurality of elastic limiting devices, which are arranged along the circumferential direction on the side wall of the cavity. Among them, the elastic limiting devices are arranged at intervals with the support devices; and A weight body, on the outer side wall of which an annular clamping groove is arranged along the circumferential direction. One end of the weight body is limited on the support ring, and the weight body is also clamped by the plurality of elastic limiting devices so that the weight body is limited in the cavity; During blasting, under the action of the detonation wave, the plugging body generates an acceleration along the direction of the detonation wave transmission, so that the plugging body and the weight body have a relative displacement. The weight body moves in the opposite direction and pushes the plurality of support devices to move out of the plugging body in the plurality of through holes to generate a mechanical biting force with the blast hole wall. At the same time, during the movement of the weight body, the plurality of elastic limiting devices clamping the weight body move along the surface of the weight body to be respectively clamped in the clamping grooves, so as to fix the weight body.

2. The stemming device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The surface of the plugging body is a convex arc surface.

3. The stemming device according to claim 2, wherein The plugging body is an ellipsoid or a sphere.

4. The stemming device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support device is a rod body, and when the elastic limiting device is clamped into the clamping groove on the weight body, the sum of the radius of the contact point between the weight body and the rod body and the length of the rod body is not less than the radius of the blast hole.

5. The stemming device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The elastic limiting device includes a groove arranged on the side wall of the cavity, a spring with one end fixed at the bottom of the groove, and a limiting plate connected to the other end of the spring. In the initial state, the limiting rod extends out of the groove and presses against the outer surface of the weight body.

6. The stemming device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weight body includes a conical section and a cylindrical section connected to the conical section. The diameter of the conical section gradually increases as it moves away from the support device. The end side of the conical section close to the support device is an arc surface, and the clamping groove is arranged on the outer wall of the conical section.

7. The stemming device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plugging body is made of a material with high wave impedance.

8. The stemming device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support device is made of a high-strength material.

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