Operably coupled data and power transfer devices for medical guidewires and catheters having sensors

Abstract

A power and data coupling device for a medical sensor includes a first conductive surface integrated into a medical device and configured to couple with a second conductive surface via an electric field. The second conductive surface is translatable relative to the first conductive surface. Additionally, the first conductive surface is connected to a power source to provide power to the second conductive surface through the electric field. The first conductive surface also radiates a time-varying electric field configured to deliver power to the second conductive surface. Furthermore, the first conductive surface is connected to a pick-up configured to receive a signal from the second conductive surface.

Description

[0001] Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 992,695, filed March 20, 2020, entitled "CATHETER SYSTEM, DEVICE, AND METHODTHEREOF"; U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 044,960, filed June 26, 2020, entitled "CATHETER AND GUIDEWIRE SYSTEMS WITH ENHANCED LOCATION AND CHARACTERIZATION FEATURES"; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 044,960, filed March 18, 2021, entitled "OPERATIVELY COUPLED DATA AND POWER TRANSFER DEVICE FOR MEDICAL GUIDEWIRES AND CATHETERS WITH Priority is given to U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 17 / 205,754, entitled “SENSORS (A data and power transmission device for operatively coupled medical guidewires and catheters with sensors)”. The entire contents of each of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

[0003] Additionally, this application relates to U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 17 / 205,614, filed March 18, 2021, entitled “SIGNAL CONDUCTING DEVICE FOR CONCURRENT POWER AND DATA TRANSFER TO AND FROM UN-WIRED SENSORS ATTACHED TO AMEDICAL DEVICE”; U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 17 / 205,854, filed March 18, 2021, entitled “CATHETER FOR IMAGING AND MEASUREMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS”; and U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 17 / 205,854, filed March 18, 2021, entitled “GUIDEWIRE FOR IMAGING AND MEASUREMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS”. U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 17 / 205,964, entitled "Parametroscopy Guidewires for Imaging and Measurement of Physiological Parameters". The entire contents of each of the above applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Background Technology

[0004] The present invention generally relates to medical devices comprising endoluminal devices (such as guidewires and catheters) including various sensors for simultaneous and / or continuous measurement of one or more physiological parameters.

[0005] Guidewire devices are commonly used to introduce or guide catheters or other interventional devices to target anatomical locations within a patient's body. Typically, the guidewire enters and traverses the patient's vascular system to reach the target location, which may be, for example, the patient's heart or brain, or near the heart or brain. Radiographic imaging is often used to assist in guiding the guidewire to the target location. Guidewires can be available in a variety of outer diameter sizes. For example, widely used sizes include diameters of 0.010, 0.014, 0.016, 0.018, 0.024, and 0.035 inches, although guidewires may also be smaller or larger in diameter.

[0006] In many cases, guidewires are placed inside the body during interventional procedures. During these procedures, guidewires can be used to guide multiple catheters or other interventional devices to the target anatomical location. Once in place, the catheters can be used to aspirate clots or other occlusions, or to deliver medications, stents, embolization devices, radiopaque dyes, or other devices or substances for the treatment of the patient.

[0007] These types of interventional devices may include sensors located at the distal portion to provide additional functionality to the device. For example, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is an imaging technique that utilizes a catheter with ultrasound imaging sensors attached to the distal portion. Ultrasound is used to image within a target vascular system (typically the coronary arteries).

[0008] The use of this sensor introduces several challenges. In particular, the interventional device involved has a very limited working space due to the stringent size constraints. Furthermore, integrating the sensor with the interventional device in a way that maintains effective functionality can be challenging.

[0009] Another common problem in this field is the proper localization and positioning of the distal portion of the device at the target location. Various risks can arise if the device tip is improperly positioned during insertion, or if it migrates away from the desired location after insertion. For example, in catheter implementations, improper positioning can lead to fluid infusion, which may result in patient pain or injury, increased thrombosis rates, treatment delays, device breakage or malfunction, delays due to device replacement, and the additional costs associated with device replacement, as well as the additional time required by the attending physician and medical center.

[0010] Furthermore, conventional methods for internal imaging and catheter localization require the injection of dyes and / or the use of X-rays. Each of these can be harmful to the subject. Additionally, this imaging radiation can be harmful to physicians and staff exposed to it.

[0011] Managing such interventional devices is challenging due to the need to handle several long wires and other components (including guidewires, power cables, data cables, etc.). Care must be taken regarding what is permissible in a sterile area and when it can be removed. Additional personnel are typically required to manage these wires and cables.

[0012] Therefore, there is a continuous need for improved interventional devices that effectively integrate sensors, effectively manage power and data communication with sensors, effectively transmit data from the device for additional processing, and enable more effective positioning of medical devices in desired locations within the vascular system or other target anatomical structures. Summary of the Invention

[0013] The disclosed embodiments include a power and data coupling device for a medical sensor. The power and data coupling device may include a first conductive surface integrated into the medical device and configured to couple with a second conductive surface via an electric field. The second conductive surface may be translational relative to the first conductive surface. Additionally, the first conductive surface may be connected to a power source to provide power to the second conductive surface via the electric field. The first conductive surface may also radiate a time-varying electric field configured to deliver power to the second conductive surface. Furthermore, the first conductive surface may be connected to a pickup configured to receive signals from the second conductive surface.

[0014] Another disclosed embodiment includes a method for providing power and data coupling to a medical sensor. The method may include coupling a second conductive surface to a first conductive surface integrated into a medical device via a time-varying electric field. The first conductive surface may be connected to a power source to provide power to the second conductive surface. The first conductive surface may radiate the time-varying electric field, which is configured to deliver power to the second conductive surface. Additionally, the first conductive surface may be configured to receive signals from the second conductive surface. The method may further include translating the second conductive surface relative to the first conductive surface. Furthermore, the method may include isolating the signals using a signal processor. Moreover, the method may include transmitting the isolated signals to a computing device using a transmitter.

[0015] The Summary section is provided to present a simplified version of the selected concepts, which will be further described in the Detailed Description section below. This Summary section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to help determine the scope of the claimed subject matter.

[0016] Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practice of the teachings herein. The features and advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of the tools and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. The features of the invention will become more apparent from the following description and the appended claims, or may be learned by practice of the invention as described below. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Various objects, features, characteristics, and advantages of the invention will become apparent and more readily understood from the following description of embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and appended claims, all of which form part of this specification. In the drawings, the same reference numerals may be used to denote corresponding or similar portions in various figures, and the various elements depicted are not necessarily drawn to scale, wherein:

[0018] Figure 1A schematic overview of a guidewire system configured to provide one or more features described herein is shown;

[0019] Figure 2 A conduit system configured to provide one or more features described herein is shown, components of power and data transmission devices are shown, and coupling transmission devices are shown to be communicatively coupled to external devices;

[0020] Figure 3A It shows Figure 1 A more detailed view of the guidewire system shows the components of the power and data coupling device, and illustrates that the coupling transmission device can communicatively couple to an external device;

[0021] Figure 3B This is an unfolded view of the distal segment of the guidewire to better illustrate the exemplary sensor arrangement on the guidewire;

[0022] Figure 3C This is a schematic diagram of the distal segment of the guidewire to show the additional distal components and features of the device;

[0023] Figures 4A-4D This illustrates an exemplary use of a guidewire system to effectively guide the positioning and deployment of a stent in a target stenosis.

[0024] Figure 5 An extension line added to the line is shown;

[0025] Figure 6A An electrical schematic diagram of the medical device is shown;

[0026] Figure 6B Another electrical schematic diagram of the medical device is shown;

[0027] Figure 7 The channel configured for use by the medical device is shown;

[0028] Figures 8A-8E Various embodiments of the power and data coupling device are described;

[0029] Figure 9 Another embodiment of the power and data coupling device is described;

[0030] Figures 10A-10C An embodiment of a conductive surface within a power and data coupling device is depicted;

[0031] Figures 11A-11C Various electrical schematic diagrams of medical devices are depicted; and

[0032] Figure 12 A flowchart is shown for a method of concurrently transmitting power and data in a medical device. Detailed Implementation

[0033] Overview of intraluminal systems

[0034] Figure 1 A schematic overview of a wire system 100, which may be incorporated into one or more features described herein, is shown. The wire system 100 includes a wire 102 that can be routed through a proximal device 104. The wire system 100 may sometimes be referred to herein alternatively as a “wire device.” As used herein, the wire 102 may also be referred to as a type of elongated conductive member.

[0035] As used herein, an elongated conductive member includes any conductive component whose length is greater than its width. For example, an elongated conductive member includes a line 102. For purposes of illustration and explanation, an elongated conductive member may also be referred to as a line 102; however, it should be understood that line 102 is a subset of possible elongated conductive members. For example, an elongated conductive member may also include a conduit.

[0036] The term "wire" in guidewire system 100 refers to a solid wire element that forms the backbone of guidewire system 100. Therefore, when used in the context of guidewire system 100, the term "wire" is intended to refer to a structure with sufficient torsion, maneuverability, and stiffness / flexibility to be navigable within the body (e.g., capable of being positioned within an intraluminal space such as a vascular system). Such a "wire" element is sometimes referred to in the art as a "core," "core wire," etc. Thus, this type of "wire" is intended to be distinguished from smaller, less structured elements (such as traces or leads) capable of carrying electrical signals but lacking sufficient structure to effectively navigate and position within the body to reach target anatomical structures. As an example, a "wire" suitable for use as part of guidewire system 100 may have an average outer diameter of at least about 0.003 inches, or about 0.005 inches, or about 0.008 inches, or about 0.010 inches. In another example, the “wire” suitable for use as part of the guidewire system 100 may have a yield strength greater than 10 ksi, or more preferably greater than 30 ksi, or more preferably greater than 50 ksi, or more preferably greater than 100 ksi, or more preferably greater than 150 ksi, or more preferably greater than 200 ksi, or more preferably greater than 250 ksi (such as 300 ksi). Additionally or alternatively, the “wire” suitable for use as part of the guidewire system 100 may have a shear modulus greater than 6.7 Msi, or more preferably greater than 8 Msi, or more preferably greater than 10 Msi (such as about 12 Msi). Additionally or alternatively, the “wire” suitable for use as part of the guidewire system 100 may have an elastic modulus greater than 16 Msi, or more preferably greater than 20 Msi, or more preferably greater than 25 Msi (such as about 30 Msi).

[0037] The wire 102 of the guidewire system 100 is configured for insertion into the body of a subject. The subject is typically a human, but in other implementations may be a non-human mammal or even a non-mammal. Any suitable route of administration may be used depending on specific preferences and / or application requirements. Common routes include the femoral artery, radial artery, and jugular vein, but the guidewire system 100 may utilize other access routes as needed.

[0038] Although many of the examples described herein relate to guidewire systems 100 or catheter systems 200 associated with endovascular procedures (e.g., cardiovascular or neurovascular) (see [link to article]), Figure 2 While the system described herein is intended for use, it should be understood that it can also be used in other medical applications. Other medical applications that may utilize the system described herein include, for example, applications involving access to the lymphatic, urinary / renal, gastrointestinal, reproductive, hepatic, or respiratory systems.

[0039] The proximal device 104 is shown herein as a hemostatic valve, but in other embodiments, the proximal device 104 may include additional or alternative forms. The proximal device 104 may also be referred to herein as "power and data coupling device 104" or simply "coupling device 104".

[0040] The wire 102 has a proximal portion 106 and a distal portion 108. The length of the wire 102 can vary depending on the specific application requirements and the target anatomical region. As an example, depending on the specific application requirements and / or the specific anatomical target, the wire 102 can have a total length of about 50 cm to about 350 cm, more commonly about 200 cm, from the proximal portion 106 to the distal portion 108. The wire 102 can have a size such that the outer diameter (e.g., after the application of other external members) is about 0.008 inches to about 0.040 inches, but larger or smaller sizes can also be used depending on the specific application requirements. For example, certain embodiments can have an outer diameter size corresponding to standard guidewire sizes, such as 0.010 inches, 0.014 inches, 0.016 inches, 0.018 inches, 0.024 inches, 0.035 inches, 0.038 inches, or other such sizes common to guidewire devices. The wire 102 can be formed of stainless steel or other metals or alloys with suitable mechanical properties. Alternatively or additionally, line 102 may be formed of a conductive material with suitable mechanical properties.

[0041] The coupling device 104 may also include or be associated with a transmitter to enable wireless communication between the guidewire system 100 and the external device 110 (or a plurality of such external devices). In an alternative embodiment, the guidewire system 100 and the external device 110 may be connected via a wired connection.

[0042] External device 110 may be a handheld device, such as a mobile phone, tablet, or laptop computer. Although exemplary embodiments are described herein as using a handheld or mobile device as external device 110, it should be understood that this is not necessary, and other embodiments may include other “non-mobile” devices, such as desktop computers, monitors, projectors, etc. In some embodiments, external device 110 includes a mobile / handheld device and additionally includes a desktop device or other non-mobile device. For example, a mobile device may be configured to receive transmitted data from a transmitter and act as a bridge by also transmitting data to a non-mobile computer system. This may be useful in situations where a physician wants the option to view data on a mobile device but may need to additionally or alternatively transmit or mirror the data on a larger monitor (such as when hands are pre-occupied (e.g., when handling guidewire system 100)).

[0043] The external device 110 of the guidewire system 100 can assist the physician in determining the position of the distal tip of the guidewire 102 within a blood vessel or other target anatomical structure in the body. In this way, the physician can properly position the guidewire 102 while also obtaining data on various parameters at the target anatomical structure, enabling the physician to better understand the relevant environment and make appropriate decisions while treating the patient.

[0044] One or more wireless systems may include, for example, a personal area network (PAN) (e.g., ultra-high frequency radio wave communication, such as...) Wireless data transmission may include the use of optical signals (infrared, visible radio, with or without fiber optic lines), local area networks (LANs) (e.g., WiFi), or wide area networks (WANs) (e.g., cellular networks such as 3G, LTE, 5G). Additionally or alternatively, wireless data transmission may include the use of optical signals (infrared, visible radio, with or without fiber optic lines), such as radio frequency (RF) sensors, infrared signaling, or other means of wireless data transmission.

[0045] As used herein, both "electrical signal" and "signal" generally refer to any signal within the disclosed system, apparatus, or method. "Sensor data signal," "sensor signal," or "data signal" refers to any signal carrying commands or information generated by a medical device (such as a medical sensor). Conversely, "power signal" or "energy signal" refers to any signal that provides power to a medical device (such as a sensor). In some cases, "signal" may include both data signals and power signals.

[0046] The processing of sensor data signals can be performed entirely or primarily at external device 110, or alternatively, it can be performed at least partially at one or more other external devices (such as at a remote server or distributed network) communicatively connected to external device 110. Additionally or alternatively, the processing of sensor data signals can be performed at coupling device 104, on line 102, or at a combination of devices within guidewire system 100. For example, sensor data signals may include image data, position data, and / or various types of sensor data (related to fluid flow rate, fluid pressure, presence / level of various gaseous or biological components, temperature, other physical parameters, etc.).

[0047] As explained in more detail below, one or more sensors may be coupled to line 102, and one or more sensors may be operable to transmit data signals through line 102 to coupling device 104. Additionally or alternatively, coupling device 104 may be operable to transmit power or signals to one or more sensors.

[0048] Figure 2 This is an overview of the catheter system 200, which may incorporate one or more features described herein. The catheter system 200 may be similar to the guidewire system 100 in many respects, and the above description relating to the guidewire system 100 also applies thereto, except where differences are specifically pointed out.

[0049] The catheter system 200 includes a catheter 202 and a proximal device 204 (which may also be referred to herein as "power and data coupling device 204" or simply "coupling device 204"). The coupling device 204 includes a control unit 212 (shown as an enlarged schematic diagram), which includes a power supply 214, a data signal processor 216, and an optional transmitter 218. The transmitter 218 enables wireless communication with external devices 110 (or more such devices), as described above. Figure 1 As described herein, conduit 202 may also be referred to as a type of elongated conductive member.

[0050] Data signal processor 216 is configured to receive sensor data signals transmitted through catheter 202 from one or more sensors 220 associated with catheter 202. Power supply 214 is configured to transmit power through catheter 202 to power one or more sensors 220 and / or other components of catheter 202. Power supply 214 may include an on-board power source (such as a battery or battery pack) and / or may include a wired connection to an external power source. One or more sensors 220 may be located at any suitable location on catheter 202, but will typically be positioned at the distal segment of catheter 202 where it is expected to reach the target anatomical structure. For example, sensors 220 may be coupled to catheter 202 using adhesive, molding, co-extrusion, welding, and / or gluing techniques.

[0051] Power lines and / or data lines 201 extend along the length of conduit 202 to one or more sensors 220. As used herein, "power line" and / or "data line" refers to any conductive path (e.g., trace) within the medical device. While multiple power lines and / or data lines 201 may be used, preferred embodiments are configured to transmit both power and data on a single line and / or manage sensor data signals from multiple sensors on a single line. This reduces the number of lines that must be wired through the structure of conduit 202, makes more efficient use of the limited space of the device, and reduces the complexity of the device and the associated risk of device failure.

[0052] The proximal device 204 may include one or more ports to facilitate the introduction of fluids (e.g., medications, nutrients) into the catheter 202. The catheter 202 is sized and configured for temporary insertion, permanent implantation, or delivery of an implant within the body. In one embodiment, the catheter 202 is a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line, typically placed in the arm or leg of the body to access the body's vascular system. The catheter 202 may also be a central venous catheter, IV catheter, coronary artery catheter, stent delivery catheter, balloon catheter, atherosclerotic resection catheter, IVUS catheter, or other imaging catheter. The catheter 202 may be a single-lumen or multi-lumen catheter.

[0053] Figure 3A Provided Figure 1Another view of the guidewire system 100. The guidewire system 100 shares certain features with the catheter system 200, therefore the description of common components also applies to the guidewire system 100. As shown, the guidewire system 100 includes a control unit 112 (shown in enlarged schematic form), which includes a power supply 114, a data signal processor 116, and an optional transmitter 118. As described above, the transmitter 118 enables wireless communication with external devices 110 (or more such devices).

[0054] Data signal processor 116 is configured to receive sensor data signals transmitted via line 102 from one or more sensors 121 associated with line 102. Power supply 114 is configured to transmit power via line 102 to power one or more sensors 121 and / or other components of line 102. Power supply 114 may include onboard power (such as a battery or battery pack) and / or may include a wired connection to an external power source. One or more sensors 121 may be located at any suitable location on line 102, but will typically be positioned at the distal segment intended to reach the target anatomical structure. As used herein, “distal segment” or “distal portion” means the farthest 30 cm, 20 cm, 15 cm, or 10 cm of the device, or a range using any two of the foregoing values ​​as endpoints. In some embodiments, “middle segment” may be considered to be approximately the middle third of the device, and “proximal segment” or “proximal portion” may be considered to be approximately the proximal third of the device.

[0055] Unlike the catheter system 200, the guidewire system 100 is configured to transmit these power and data signals via the actual wire 102 itself. In some embodiments, multiple power and / or data signals (e.g., data signals from multiple sensors 121) can be transmitted simultaneously via the wire 102. Power and / or data signals can also be transmitted in a “continuous” manner. That is, the power and / or data signals can have a sufficiently high sampling rate so that information is provided to the user within a practically “real-time” time frame. For most applications, this would include sampling rates of approximately 5 seconds or less, 3 seconds or less, 1 second or less, or sub-second sampling rates.

[0056] Using line 102 itself to transmit power and / or data signals through the device offers several benefits. For example, using line 102 to transmit these signals reduces or eliminates the need to run additional connecting lines along line 102 to connect sensor 121 to the proximal portion and / or deliver power to the sensor. Given the inherently stringent dimensional and performance limitations (e.g., torsion, flexibility, maneuverability, stiffness, etc.) and limited workspace of guidewires, the ability to reduce or eliminate external components frees up limited space and allows for greater design flexibility. Reducing or eliminating the use of additional connecting lines also reduces the overall complexity of the device, thereby reducing the risk of component failure and resulting in a more robust functional device.

[0057] Additional sensor details

[0058] One or more sensors 121 of the guidewire system 100 and / or one or more sensors 121 of the catheter system 200 may include, for example, pressure sensors, flow sensors, imaging sensors, or component detection sensors. Pressure sensors (or multiple pressure sensors) may be sized and configured to sense pressure changes in the environment. Flow sensors (or multiple flow sensors) may be sized and configured to sense fluid flow rates, such as velocity or other flow characteristics. Detection sensors (or multiple detection sensors) may detect the proximity or distance of one or more detection nodes located externally relative to the body. Imaging sensors may collect various forms of imaging data.

[0059] Additionally or alternatively, one or more sensors may be configured to sense the presence of a substrate or measure physiological parameters in a target anatomical location (e.g., in blood). Exemplary biological components that can be detected / measured include glucose levels, pH levels, CO2 levels (CO2 partial pressure, bicarbonate levels), oxygen levels (oxygen partial pressure, oxygen saturation), temperature, and other such substrates and physiological parameters. For example, one or more sensors may be configured to sense the presence, absence, or level of biological components such as immune system-related molecules (e.g., macrophages, lymphocytes, T cells, natural killer cells, monocytes, other leukocytes, etc.), inflammatory markers (e.g., C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, amyloid A, cytokines, α-1-acid glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, hepcidin, haptoglobin, etc.), platelets, hemoglobin, ammonia, creatinine, bilirubin, homocysteine, albumin, lactate, pyruvate, ketone bodies, ion and / or nutrient levels (e.g., glucose, urine). The substances include: phytoestrogens, chlorides, sodium, potassium, calcium, iron / ferritin, copper, zinc, magnesium, vitamins, etc.; hormones (e.g., estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone, aldosterone, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, thyroxine, thyroid-stimulating hormone, parathyroid hormone, insulin, glucagon, cortisol, prolactin, etc.); enzymes (e.g., amylase, lactate dehydrogenase, lipase, creatine kinase); lipids (e.g., triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol); tumor markers (e.g., alpha-fetoprotein, beta-human chorionic gonadotropin, carcinoembryonic antigen, prostate-specific antigen, calcitonin); and / or toxins (e.g., lead, ethanol).

[0060] Unless otherwise stated, when referring to sensors (generally or of a particular type), it should be understood that supporting electronics are also included. Supporting electronics may include, for example, power regulators, converters, signal amplifiers, processing components such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Preferably, the supporting electronics for one or more sensors 121 are located near the one or more sensors 121 themselves (e.g., at the distal end on the substrate). It has been advantageously found that this reduces signal drift compared to placing the supporting electronics at the proximal end of the device. Placing the supporting electronics (e.g., an ASIC) at the distal end near the sensor 121 and using the line 102 itself as the means of transmitting data signals to the proximal end provides efficient signal transmission without the significant drift problems of other methods.

[0061] Guidewire sensor arrangement and distal features

[0062] Figure 3B It shows Figure 3AA developed view of the distal segment of the guidewire system 100 shows various sensors arranged thereon. In this embodiment, one or more sensors 121, 220 include a plurality of pressure sensors 120 and an ultrasonic sensor 122. These sensors are positioned on a substrate 124, and the substrate 124 is positioned on the line 102 in such a manner that the sensors are placed at their respective desired locations. The substrate 124 may be made of a slightly flexible material (e.g., a suitable medical-grade polymer) that allows the substrate 124 to be wrapped, wound, or otherwise positioned onto the line 102. The substrate 124 also includes flexible circuitry (such as trace lines and / or one or more conductive contacts) to couple the sensors to the underlying line 102. The substrate 124 may form a frictional engagement with the line 102 and may additionally or alternatively be mechanically coupled to the line 102.

[0063] Coupled sensors to substrate 124 and then placed substrate 124 on line 102 offers several advantages. For example, substrate 124 can be laid out in a substantially two-dimensional layout, which makes proper positioning of the sensors easier. It is then easier to place the two-dimensional substrate 124 with the coupled sensors on the three-dimensional cylindrical line 102 than to place each sensor individually on the line 102. In particular, it is easier to ensure that the various sensors are properly positioned relative to each other on substrate 124 and then to position substrate 124 on line 102 than to attempt to control the relative spacing of each sensor on the three-dimensional cylindrical line 102. However, it should be understood that in at least one embodiment, the various sensors can be placed directly on the three-dimensional line 102 without the advantages of the two-dimensional substrate 124. Alternatively, the various sensors can be placed on the substrate after it has been applied to the three-dimensional line 102.

[0064] The illustrated embodiment also includes an outer member 126 (shown here in dashed lines) that can be positioned above the sensor-containing portion of line 102. The outer member 126 can be formed from a suitable medical-grade polymer (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate (PET) or polyether block amide (PEBA)). The outer member 126 can be used to further constrain and hold the sensor in place and / or to smooth the outer surface for a more uniform outer diameter. The outer member 126 can be applied by shrink-fitting the tube into place, by dip coating, and / or by other manufacturing methods known in the art. A hydrophilic coating may also be added to the outer surface of the device.

[0065] Figure 3C It shows Figure 3AAnother schematic diagram of the distal segment of the guidewire system 100 shown illustrates a plurality of pressure sensors 120 and a plurality of ultrasonic sensors 122 disposed on a substrate 124 positioned on the wire 102. As shown, the distal segment of the device may further include a coil 128 and / or a damage-resistant tip 130. The coil 128 may be a single coil or a plurality of connected or intertwined coils. Additionally or alternatively, polymeric material may be positioned on or applied to the distal segment of the wire 102. The damage-resistant tip 130 is formed in a spherical or other curved shape to prevent damage that may be caused by the distal portion of the wire 102. For example, the damage-resistant tip 130 may be formed of a polymeric adhesive material or solder.

[0066] As shown in the figure, wire 102 may include a ground profile, such that the more distal segment of wire 102 develops to a smaller diameter. For typical guidewire sizes (e.g., 0.014 inches, 0.018 inches, 0.024 inches), wire 102 may develop to a diameter of approximately 0.002 inches at its distal end. The distal end of wire 102 may also be flattened to form a standard “ribbon” shape.

[0067] The illustrated embodiment also includes an energy harvester 132. The energy harvester is configured to convert a power signal traveling within line 102 into a regulated DC voltage suitable for the sensor. In at least one embodiment, the power signal traveling through line 102 includes an AC power signal delivered to line 102 from power and data coupling device 104. For example, the energy harvester 132 may also provide other electrical regulation functions, such as cutting off power to the sensor during faults or voltage brownouts. Additionally, as used herein and unless otherwise stated, the energy harvester 132 is considered a sub-component of one or more sensors 121. Therefore, unless otherwise stated, references to one or more sensors 121 also refer to associated circuitry, such as the energy harvester 132.

[0068] Additionally, in at least one embodiment, the energy harvester is configured to provide control functionality for one or more sensors 121. For example, a specific signal may be transmitted from the power and data coupling device 104 to the energy harvester. This specific signal may include a chirp, a pulse function, or a signal at a specific frequency channel. The energy harvester maps the specific signal to a predetermined command and then acts according to that predetermined command. For example, the specific signal may be mapped to a command to cut off DC power to one or more tracks powering one or more sensors. Therefore, upon receiving the specific signal, the energy harvester stops supplying power to one or more sensors, thereby turning off one or more sensors. Any number of different signals may be mapped to any number of different commands. Furthermore, in at least one embodiment, circuitry other than the energy harvester receives, interprets, and / or acts according to the signals.

[0069] The length of the line 102, including the substrate 124 (and therefore the sensor), can be from about 3 cm to about 30 cm, or more typically from about 5 cm to about 15 cm, but these lengths can vary depending on the specific application requirements. See below for details. Figures 4A to 4D As illustrated in the examples, in the preferred embodiment, the length of the sensor arrangement substantially spans the expected length of the lesion / stenosis or other target anatomy. Pressure mapping at the target anatomy can be provided using the linear arrangement of pressure sensors 120 without requiring moving line 102. Multiple measurements from multiple sensors can be performed simultaneously and / or continuously. The arrangement of pressure sensors 120 can also be used to measure pulse wave velocity (PWV) (e.g., by identifying a series of peaks and measuring the time between peaks) and / or provide spatial tracking of the pulse waveform.

[0070] Methods of locating within the target anatomical structure

[0071] Figures 4A to 4D The sequence of actions for effectively guiding the positioning and deployment of a medical device at a target anatomical location using a guidewire system 100 is illustrated. In this particular example, the guidewire system 100 is used to properly position a stent 406 at a target stenosis 404.

[0072] Figure 4AA line 102 with pressure sensors 120 (other components have been removed for better visibility) is shown positioned within a blood vessel 402. The line 102 is routed through the blood vessel 402 to a location where the pressure sensors 120 cross a stenosis 404 or at least substantially coincide with a location coinciding with a stenosis 404. The linear arrangement of the pressure sensors 120 allows the line 102 to be effectively positioned to coincide with the stenosis 404, as the stenosis 404 will induce a pressure differential at that portion of the blood vessel 402, and the user can advance the line 102 until the sensors 120 read these pressure differentials. For example, in the case where the blood vessel 402 is a coronary artery, the pressure distal to the stenosis 404 will be slightly lower than the pressure proximal to the stenosis 404. The line 102 can be advanced until one or more of the most distal pressure sensors reach an area with a different pressure (e.g., the slightly lower pressure in a coronary stenosis).

[0073] The support 406 is then conveyed toward the narrow passage 404 along line 102. The position of the support 406 relative to line 102 can be determined based on readings from pressure sensor 120. For example, as the support 406 moves toward the distal end, it will begin to pass sequentially past pressure sensor 120, causing changes in the sensor's pressure readings, thereby allowing the user to determine the position of the support 406 relative to line 102.

[0074] Figure 4B A stent 406 positioned further within blood vessel 402 to its target location is shown. A delivery catheter 408 is also shown. For stent delivery applications as illustrated herein, the delivery catheter 408 may be a balloon catheter, or the stent 406 may be a self-expanding stent. Other stent types and stent delivery devices known in the art may be used. Because the position of line 102 relative to stenosis 404 is known based on readings received from pressure sensor 120, proper positioning of stent 406 is possible. Furthermore, determining where stent 406 is positioned relative to line 102 allows for determining the position of stent 406 relative to stenosis 404.

[0075] Once it is determined that the stent 406 is in the proper position relative to the target stenosis 404, it can be... Figure 4C The stent 406 is deployed as shown. After deployment, the suture 102 can remain in place for a period of time during post-stent evaluation. The suture 102 can then be withdrawn from the vessel 402, thereby leaving the stent 406 in place, as shown. Figure 4D As shown.

[0076] Because the sensor is positioned along the length of line 102, the guidewire system 100 can provide a local reference frame (i.e., a reference frame within the local anatomy of the target) for guiding the positioning of the medical device. This is advantageous because the target anatomy is not always static. For example, in vascular system applications, the heartbeat causes the blood vessels to move continuously. The local reference frame defined by the distal segment of the guidewire system 100 moves substantially with the target anatomy to which it is placed, eliminating much of the positioning complexity and thus improving the ability to position stents and / or other medical devices.

[0077] Because no moving line 102 is required for sequential measurements, the local reference frame is also relatively stable. Furthermore, the sensors 120 are capable of providing sensor data signals continuously and simultaneously during the placement of a stent or other medical device. This allows medical practitioners to guide the stent or other medical device to the desired location within the body in real time. That is, the linear arrangement of the sensors 120 allows for multiple measurements without requiring "pulling back" the line 102 to perform measurements at other locations. Moreover, as described above, the system can be configured to provide multiple measurements from multiple sensors simultaneously, even without the need for a "virtual pullback" of sequential measurements along the length of the sensors.

[0078] Figures 4A to 4D The procedure shown is an example of using the guidewire system 100 for positioning within a target anatomical structure. The guidewire system 100 and / or catheter system 200 can be used for other applications where the system's positioning features would be beneficial. For example, the positioning features described herein can be used to assist in the proper placement of a PICC catheter or central venous catheter at a target site, such as the cavoural junction of the superior vena cava and the superior wall of the right atrium.

[0079] Slender conductive components as power and data conduction paths

[0080] Figure 5 An extension line 500 added to line 102 is shown. In various use cases, it may be necessary to extend line 102 for better positioning and / or manipulation within the patient. The depicted extension line 500 can be coupled to line 102 by any number of different physical couplings, including but not limited to threaded connections, magnetic connections, press-fit connections, snap-fit ​​connections, or adhesive connections.

[0081] In at least one embodiment, the resulting physical coupling forms a continuous conductive path from extension line 500 to line 102. Therefore, both extension line 500 and line 102 can be collectively referred to as "line 102," at least due to both physical and electrical coupling; more specifically, an electrical signal applied to extension line 500 will propagate from extension line 500 to line 102. Therefore, unless otherwise stated, all descriptions of line 102 provided herein also apply when extension line 500 is attached to line 102. Furthermore, it should be understood that any elongated conductive member disclosed herein may include multiple extensions detachably attached to each other.

[0082] In at least one embodiment, the guidewire system 100 includes a medical device system for concurrently transmitting power and data. Specifically, the guidewire system 100 may include an elongated conductive member of a certain type. As used herein, the elongated conductive member includes a proximal portion and a distal portion. At least a portion of the elongated conductive member is configured for insertion into an intraluminal space. Furthermore, both the proximal and distal portions of the elongated conductive member may be conductive.

[0083] In at least one embodiment, the elongated conductive member includes a single conductive path extending from a proximal portion to a distal portion. For example, the single conductive path may include a stainless steel wire 102 within the guidewire system 100. Additionally or alternatively, the elongated conductive member includes multiple conductive paths extending from a proximal portion to a distal portion. For example, the conduit system 200 may include multiple wires integrated within the structure of the conduit 202. Furthermore, in at least one embodiment, the elongated conductive member includes a first conductive path serving as a power channel and a second conductive path serving as a signal channel, both extending from the proximal portion to the distal portion.

[0084] As used herein, an elongated conductive member includes any conductive component whose length is greater than its width. For example, an elongated conductive member includes a line 102. For purposes of illustration and explanation, an elongated conductive member may also be referred to as a line 102; however, it should be understood that line 102 is a subset of possible elongated conductive members. For example, an elongated conductive member may also include a conduit 202.

[0085] As described above, one or more sensors 121 may be electrically connected to an elongated conductive member. Additionally, the medical device including the elongated conductive member may also include one or more electrical components physically configured such that, when activated, the one or more electrical components cause the medical device system to perform various actions. As used herein, the one or more electrical components may include discrete circuit components, digital circuit components, analog circuit components, one or more processors, or any combination thereof. The one or more electrical components may be integrated within the control unit 112 or 212, within the external device 110, and / or on the elongated conductive member. Activating the one or more electrical components may include providing power to the one or more electrical components.

[0086] In at least one embodiment, one or more electrical components enable the medical device system to allocate a signal space into multiple distinct, consecutive segments. Each segment within the signal space includes a portion of the signal space that can be used for the purpose of conveying data, power, or other information. The signal space may include a frequency domain space, a time domain space, or any other space capable of carrying a signal. Additionally, allocating the signal space may include dynamically identifying signal channels of interest. Alternatively, allocating the signal space may include providing electrical components configured to statically define the signal space.

[0087] For example, Figure 6A and Figure 6B Different embodiments of the electrical schematic diagram of the medical device are shown. Figure 7 Channels configured for use by a medical device are illustrated. In at least one embodiment, one or more electrical components uniquely assign each of a plurality of unique consecutive segments to (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels. In at least one embodiment, unique assignment means that each consecutive segment is assigned as either a power channel or a signal channel. In some embodiments, multiple power channels and multiple signal channels may exist.

[0088] Figure 6A A schematic diagram of a frequency-based medical device system is depicted. Specifically, one or more electrical components enable the medical device system to allocate a signal space into multiple unique consecutive segments by specifying multiple unique consecutive frequency regions (e.g., 710(ae)). The one or more electrical components also enable the medical device system to uniquely assign each of the multiple unique consecutive frequency regions to (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels.

[0089] Figure 6BA schematic diagram of a time-based medical device system is depicted. Specifically, one or more electrical components enable the medical device system to allocate a signal space into multiple unique consecutive segments by specifying multiple unique consecutive time slots (e.g., 710(ae)). The one or more electrical components also enable the medical device system to uniquely assign each of the multiple unique consecutive time slots to (i) one or more power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels.

[0090] Figure 7 The signal space 700 is shown to include multiple distinct, consecutive segments in the form of multiple frequency channels 710(ae). Each frequency channel may be assigned as a power channel for providing power to an electronic device located on an elongated conductive member, or as a signal channel for receiving data from an electronic device on an elongated conductive member. In at least one embodiment, the electronic device includes a sensor 121.

[0091] Additionally or alternatively, the signal space 700 may include multiple distinct, consecutive segments in the form of time slots 710(ae). Each time slot may be defined based on a clock. Furthermore, each time slot may be allocated as a power channel for providing power to electronic devices located on the elongated conductive member, or as a signal channel for receiving data from electronic devices on the elongated conductive member.

[0092] For example, Figure 6A and Figure 6B An elongated conductive member 600 coupled to a power source 610 is depicted. The power source 610 can be configured to transmit electrical signals via the elongated conductive member 600 to one or more sensors 121(ac), which are electrically connected to the elongated conductive member 600. Specifically, the power source 610 can transmit AC electrical signals within a specific, distinct continuous segment (such as frequency channel 710a). In at least one embodiment, the elongated conductive member 600 is capacitively coupled to the power source 610 such that there is no direct physical contact between the elongated conductive member 600 and the power source 610. Alternatively, in at least one embodiment, there may be direct physical contact between the elongated conductive member 600 and the power source 610.

[0093] Now return to Figure 3C An elongated conductive member in the form of line 102 is shown as including an energy harvester 132. As used herein, energy harvester 132 refers to electronic circuitry configured to harvest energy from an assigned power channel. In particular, energy harvester 132 may include electronic circuitry to harvest energy from an electrical signal within at least one of one or more power channels (frequency channel 710a in this example). The harvested energy is then provided to at least one of one or more sensors 121.

[0094] In at least one embodiment, the power supply 610 transmits energy within at least one of one or more power channels and supplies power to all sensors in one or more sensors 121 via at least one of one or more power channels. Thus, each of the one or more sensors harvests energy from a specific and unique continuous segment of the signal space, represented by at least one of the one or more power channels.

[0095] Additionally or alternatively, in at least one embodiment, power supply 610 transmits energy within a first power channel (e.g., 710a) of one or more power channels, wherein the first power channel comprises a first unique continuous segment of the signal space. Additionally, power supply 610 transmits energy within a second power channel (e.g., 710b) of one or more power channels, wherein the second power channel comprises a second unique continuous segment of the signal space. The elongated conductive member 600 then provides energy to a first subset of one or more sensors via the first power channel of the one or more power channels. Each sensor in the first subset of one or more sensors is configured to harvest energy from the first unique continuous segment of the signal space. Similarly, the elongated conductive member 600 provides energy to a second subset of one or more sensors via the second power channel of the one or more power channels. Each sensor in the second subset of one or more sensors is configured to harvest energy from the second unique continuous segment of the signal space.

[0096] Therefore, in at least one embodiment, the elongated conductive member 600 provides power to different sensor sets through independent power channels. This provides the user with the ability to selectively activate all sensors simultaneously or only a subset of sensors at different times. Additionally, one or more sensors may include at least a first sensor of a first type and a second sensor of a second different type. Thus, in at least one embodiment, the user can activate sensors based on sensor type. As disclosed herein, this selective control of the sensors, as well as communication with the sensors, can be performed on a single conductive path (such as line 102).

[0097] Once at least one sensor from one or more sensors 121 begins to receive the collected energy, at least one sensor will begin to generate a data signal based on the readings received by at least one sensor. Figure 6AAn assembly of sensors 121(ac) is depicted, each transmitting data at a specific frequency along an elongated conductive member 600. For example, sensor 121a is added to frequency f0 and then summed with any other data signal at its own frequency. It should be understood that this system allows multiple data signals to be transmitted simultaneously and in parallel via the elongated conductive member 600.

[0098] in addition, Figure 6A One or more electrical components are shown that isolate a medical device system from data signals transmitted from at least one of one or more signal channels. As described above, the data signals are transmitted via an elongated conductive member 600 and generated by one or more sensors 121(ac). The elongated conductive member 600 is also coupled to a power and data coupling device 630 (also referred to as...). Figure 2 The elongated conductive member 600 is coupled to the power and data coupling device 630 (proximal device 204). In at least one embodiment, the elongated conductive member 600 is capacitively coupled to the power and data coupling device 630 such that there is no physical connection between the elongated conductive member 600 and the power and data coupling device 630. Alternatively, in at least one embodiment, a physical connection may exist between the elongated conductive member 600 and the power and data coupling device 630.

[0099] The power and data coupling device 630 includes a plurality of frequency filters 632(ac) that allow the power and data coupling device 630 to isolate corresponding data signals transmitted along the elongated conductive member 600. Each of the plurality of frequency filters 632(ac) can also be used as an amplifier configured to amplify the data signals. Additionally or alternatively, in at least one embodiment, the power and data coupling device 630 isolates multiple transmitted data signals in parallel. Each data signal from the plurality of data signals is associated with a different distinct continuous frequency region selected from a plurality of distinct continuous frequency regions. The power and data coupling device 630 also includes a transmitter 640 configured to transmit the isolated data signals to an external device 110 for display and / or processing.

[0100] Figure 6B An assembly of sensors 121(ac) is depicted, each transmitting data along an elongated conductive member 600 within a time slot. For example, each sensor 121(ac) transmits a data signal via the elongated conductive member 600 at a specific time slot, which is determined by a clock signal 650a. Furthermore, Figure 6BAn elongated conductive member 600 is shown coupled to a power and data coupling device 630. The power and data coupling device 630 includes a filter 660 that communicates with a clock 650b synchronized with a clock 650a. The combination of synchronized clocks 650a and 650b and the filter 660 allows the power and data coupling device 630 to isolate data signals within each respective time slot. The power and data coupling device 630 also includes a transmitter 640 configured to transmit the isolated data signals to an external device 110 for display and / or processing.

[0101] Power and data coupling devices

[0102] Figures 8A-8D Various embodiments of the power and data coupling device 104 are depicted. In these specifically depicted embodiments, the power and data coupling device includes a hemostatic valve. However, given the disclosure provided herein, it should be understood that standard valves or other in-line components (which do not necessarily include valves) can provide similar functionality and structure. As used herein, the power and data coupling device includes means for transmitting power and data from a first conductive surface to a second conductive surface via an electric field. Additionally, the power and data coupling device 104 can provide power and receive data signals from sensors disposed on a medical device.

[0103] For example, the power and data coupling device can be capacitively coupled to a medical device (such as line 102). Capacitive coupling allows the power and data coupling device to provide power to the medical device and receive and / or transmit data signals to the medical device. In particular, in at least one embodiment, the first conductive surface is not in physical contact with the second conductive surface. However, it should be understood that in at least one embodiment, the first conductive surface may be in physical contact with the second conductive surface.

[0104] As described above, the absence of direct physical contact between the first and second conductive surfaces allows medical practitioners to translate the second elongated conductive member (such as a stent) on or near the second conductive surface (such as wire 102 in the guidewire system 100). Furthermore, the capacitive coupling between the first and second conductive surfaces allows the external device 110 to continue receiving signals when the second elongated conductive member (e.g., a stent) is positioned between the first and second conductive surfaces (e.g., wire 102).

[0105] For example, Figure 8BA cross-sectional view of a power and data coupling device 104 is depicted. The depicted power and data coupling device 104 may include a first conductive surface 800a integrated into the power and data coupling device 104 and configured to couple with a second conductive surface via an electric field. Coupling via an electric field may include capacitive coupling.

[0106] For example, Figure 8C A second conductive surface 830 in the form of a wire 102 is depicted. As described above, the wire system 100 may include a conductive wire 102. Similarly, Figure 8D A second conductive surface 840 in the form of a catheter 202 is depicted. As described above, the catheter system 200 may include a catheter 202 having conductive components (such as wires embedded within the catheter itself), thereby allowing capacitive coupling between the first conductive surface 800a and the catheter 202. In the depicted example, at least a portion of the second conductive surfaces 834, 840 is surrounded by the first conductive surface 800a; however, it should be understood that this configuration is not necessary for the operation of the medical devices disclosed herein. For example, the first conductive surface 800 may surround a portion of the second conductive surfaces 830, 840, may be adjacent to the second conductive surfaces 830, 840, may be surrounded by the second conductive surfaces 830, 840, or may be otherwise positioned relative to the second conductive surfaces 830, 840 such that capacitive coupling occurs between the first conductive surface 800 and the second conductive surfaces 830, 840. Furthermore, it should be understood that the wire 102 and the catheter 202 are provided only as examples of the second conductive surface, and other medical devices may also be used as the second conductive surface.

[0107] In at least one embodiment, the second conductive surfaces 830, 840 are translatable relative to the first conductive surface 800a. For example, the line 102 may be translatable relative to both the first conductive surface 800a and the entire power and data coupling device 104, such that the power and data coupling device 104 can provide power and data coupling with the line 102 while the line 102 is being translated. It should be understood that this feature allows the line 102 to be positioned and moved within the human body while the power and data coupling device continues to supply power to and receive data signals from one or more sensors 121 on the line 102.

[0108] As described above, the first conductive surface 800a can be connected to a power source to provide power to the second conductive surface via an electric field. For example, Figure 8BA battery 810 integrated within a power and data coupling device 104 is depicted. In additional or alternative embodiments, the power and data coupling device 104 may be physically connected to a wired power source, such as a socket. However, it should be understood that integrating the battery 810 within the power and data coupling device 104 provides significantly better mobility and ease of use when used during medical procedures.

[0109] The first conductive surface 800a can be configured to radiate a time-varying electric field, which is configured to deliver power to the second conductive surfaces 830 and 840. For example, the first conductive surface 800a can be capacitively coupled to the second conductive surfaces 830 and 840, such that the first conductive surface 800a induces charges on the second conductive surfaces 830 and 840. The resulting capacitive coupling can deliver power or energy to one or more sensors 121 disposed on the line 102.

[0110] Additionally, the first conductive surface 800a can be connected to a pickup configured to receive signals from the second conductive surfaces 830 and 840. For example, Figure 8B A transmitter 820 is depicted communicating with a first conductive surface 800a via a pickup. The transmitter 820 is capable of receiving data signals from the first conductive surface via the pickup and transmitting these data signals to an external device 110. In at least one embodiment, the transmitter 820 further includes a signal collector configured to isolate signals (also referred to as data signals) using the methods described above. Additionally or alternatively, the signal collector may be located at least partially within the external device 110. Similarly, in at least one embodiment, the transmitter 820 also includes one or more processors configured to process signals. This processing may include various signal processing and signal analysis. Additionally or alternatively, the one or more processors may be located at least partially within the external device 110.

[0111] The disclosed embodiments provide a highly versatile and innovative solution for providing power to and receiving data signals from a medical device. For example, a first conductive surface 800a can be configured to simultaneously (i) provide power signals to second conductive surfaces 830, 840 and (ii) receive data signals from the second conductive surfaces 830, 840. Furthermore, the first conductive surface 800a can be configured to simultaneously (i) provide multiple different power signals to the second conductive surface and (ii) receive multiple different data signals from the second conductive surface. Each of the multiple different power signals can be configured to provide power to a different set of medical sensors, and each of the multiple different data signals can provide data from a different set of medical sensors.

[0112] As mentioned above Figure 6A and Figure 6B As explained, multiple distinct segments within the signal space can be assigned as power channels or signal channels. The power and data coupling device 104 is capable of selectively providing power to specific power channels to power a specific set of sensors. Similarly, the power and data coupling device 104 is capable of receiving real-time data signals in parallel from one or more sensors 121, which are powered via power channels.

[0113] Figures 8B-8D It is also shown that the first conductive surface may include a plurality of physically separated conductive surfaces 800a, 800b, 800c. It should be understood that any physically separated conductive surface 800a, 800b, 800c may include a conductive surface in a capacitor and may therefore be referred to as the "first conductive surface". In at least one embodiment, each conductive surface 800a, 800b, 800c selected from the plurality of physically separated conductive surfaces may be configured to receive data signals from a specific and different set of the medical sensor 121. For example, in some cases, using a particular conductive surface 800a, 800b, 800c for a particular data signal may allow for a lower signal-to-noise ratio.

[0114] Furthermore, individual conductive surfaces 800a, 800b, and 800c can be specifically designed for a particular function. For example, a first conductive surface 800a selected from a plurality of physically separate conductive surfaces can be configured to provide power to at least one medical sensor, and a second conductive surface 800b selected from a plurality of physically separate conductive surfaces can be configured to receive data signals from at least one medical sensor. Thus, the first conductive surface 800a can be specifically designed to provide power, while the second conductive surface 800b can be designed to receive data signals. This design specification may relate to the size of the individual surfaces, the material composition of the individual surfaces, and / or the shape of the individual surfaces.

[0115] Figure 8EEmbodiments of a power and data coupling device 104 surrounding one or more elongated conductive members are depicted. Specifically, the depicted embodiments show a wire 102 and a conduit 202 enclosed within the power and data coupling device 104. In the depicted embodiments, the wire 102 can be coupled to the conduit 202 via “fast-switch” coupling. Fast-switch coupling includes the conduit 202 surrounding a distal portion of the wire 102 and a proximal portion of the wire 102 extending adjacent to a proximal portion of the conduit 202. In alternative embodiments, the wire 102 can be coupled to the conduit 202 via over-the-wire (OTW) coupling, such that the conduit 202 surrounds the wire 102 at least from the power and data coupling device 104 to the distal portion of the conduit 202. In either case, the power and data coupling device 104 is configured to couple to one or more of conductive surfaces 830 in the wire 102 and / or conductive surfaces 840 in the conduit 202.

[0116] In at least one embodiment, the conduit 202 may not include the conductive surface 840, while the wire 102 includes a conductive surface. In this case, the wire 102 may be configured to provide energy to a sensor disposed on the distal portion of the conduit 202. Furthermore, in at least one embodiment, multiple power and data coupling devices 104 may be used during a single procedure, such that a given elongated conductive member travels through multiple power and data coupling devices 104, and / or multiple elongated conductive members travel through different power and data coupling devices 104.

[0117] Figure 9 Another embodiment of a power and data coupling device 104 in the form of a tube 900 is depicted. Specifically, Figure 9 A conductive tube 900 is depicted as serving as a first conductive surface 800. A signal input line 910 is connected to the conductive tube 900 and can provide power to and receive signals from the tube 900. Those skilled in the art will understand that the conductive tube is provided merely as an example of a power and data coupling device 104. In various additional or alternative embodiments, the power and data coupling device 104 may include any device having a first conductive surface configured to couple to a second conductive surface of the medical device to provide power to and / or receive data signals from the medical device.

[0118] Figures 10A-10C An embodiment of a conductive surface 800 within a power and data coupling device 104 is depicted. Similar to... Figures 8A-8D The power and data coupling device 104 includes a battery 810 and a transmitter 820. However, in Figure 10AIn this embodiment, the housing has been removed from the power and data coupling device 104. It should be understood that, for illustrative purposes, the depicted battery 810 and transmitter 820 are shown in a simplified form.

[0119] like Figure 10B As depicted, in at least one embodiment, the first conductive surface 800 includes a curled shape. A power input line 1000 is physically connected to a feed 1010 on the first conductive surface 800. The power input line 1000 can both supply energy to the conductive surface 800 and receive data signals from the first conductive surface 800.

[0120] In at least one embodiment, the dimensions of the power supply 1010 are determined such that it substantially matches the impedance of the coupling between the first conductive surface 800 and the second conductive surfaces 830, 840. It should be understood that the coupling between the first conductive surface 800 and the second conductive surfaces 830, 840 can be at least partially defined by the frequency of the signal applied by the power input line. For example, the power input line 1000 can provide a power signal to the power supply 1010 at a frequency of 40 MHz to 80 MHz. It has been observed that this frequency range provides technical benefits related to the efficiency of providing power to a sensor attached to an elongated conductive member (such as line 102 or conduit 202). In at least one embodiment, appropriately determining the dimensions of the power supply also provides significant benefits in terms of the efficiency with which the power input line 1000 can provide energy to a sensor attached to an elongated conductive member.

[0121] In additional or alternative embodiments, the first conductive surface 800 may include any number of different shapes, including a ring having a feed portion 1010 extending from the outer surface of the ring. Additionally, in at least one embodiment, the feed portion 1010 may include a non-planar surface; for example, the feed portion 1010 may include corrugations to provide a larger surface area to the feed portion 1010 while maintaining or reducing the total distance the feed portion 1010 extends away from the first conductive surface 800.

[0122] Figure 10C An embodiment is depicted including a first conductive surface 800 comprising a delta feed section 1020 connected to a power input line 1000. In at least one embodiment, the delta feed section 1020 can improve the efficiency of distributing energy from the power input line 1000 to the first conductive surface 800.

[0123] In at least one embodiment, the power and data coupling device 104 includes an indicator for indicating information related to the operation of the power and data coupling device 104 or an elongated conductive member. The indicator may include an audible alarm, a visual alarm (e.g., light), communication with an external device performing the alarm function, and / or any other type of alarm. For example, the transmitter 820 may include some processing capability that can detect interruptions in the power traveling through the power and data coupling device 104 and / or poor quality of the data signals received by the power and data coupling device 104. In this case, the power and data coupling device 104 may trigger an indication to issue an alarm in order to notify the user of the problem.

[0124] Figures 11A-11C Various signal schematics of the guidewire system 100 are depicted. However, it should be understood that similar circuitry can also be integrated into any elongated conductive component 600 (including the catheter 202). Figure 11A The schematic diagram depicts the circuitry used to collect and display arterial pressure. Specifically, arterial pressure 1102 is collected by a capacitive pressure sensor 1104; it should be understood that any number of different pressure sensor types can be used alternatively. The capacitive pressure sensor 1104 utilizes a capacitance-to-voltage converter 1106 to generate a specific voltage based on the specific capacitance measured by the capacitive pressure sensor 1104.

[0125] A specific voltage is processed by a voltage-controlled oscillator (“VCO”) 1108 to generate a specific waveform. The specific waveform is then transmitted via an elongated conductive member 600 from its distal portion to its proximal portion. In this example, the elongated conductive member 600 includes a wire 102 within a wire system 100. In at least one embodiment, the specific waveform is transmitted within a specific, distinct, continuous segment of the signal space, such as a signal channel defined by a specific frequency channel.

[0126] Once a specific waveform reaches the proximal portion of the elongated conductive member 600, the capacitive pickup 1110 detects the specific waveform within a specific, unique, continuous segment of the signal space. In at least one embodiment, the capacitive pickup 1110 is integrated within a power and data coupling device 630. In at least one embodiment, the power and data coupling device 630 can communicate capacitively with the elongated conductive member 600 by changing the electric field. The capacitive pickup 1110 transmits the detected waveform to a phase-locked loop (PLL) 1112, whereby the detected signal is converted into a voltage 1114. The resulting voltage 1114 can then be processed and displayed as a pressure reading 1116 to the end user.

[0127] Figure 11BCircuitry for collecting and displaying pulse echoes is depicted. Specifically, the pulse echoes are collected by an ultrasonic pulse echo sensor 1118. The ultrasonic pulse echo sensor 1118 generates an amplitude-modulated wave 1120. A voltage envelope 1122 relative to time is then generated. In at least one embodiment, a Hilbert transform circuit is used to generate the voltage envelope relative to time. The resulting signal is processed by a voltage-controlled oscillator (“VCO”) 1124 to generate a representative signal. The representative signal is then transmitted from the distal portion of the elongated conductive member 600 to the proximal portion of the elongated conductive member 600 via an elongated conductive member 600. Similar to the example described above, in which the elongated conductive member 600 includes a wire 102 within a guidewire system 100. In at least one embodiment, the representative signal is transmitted within a specific, unique, continuous segment of the signal space, such as a signal channel defined by a specific frequency channel.

[0128] Once a specific waveform reaches the proximal portion of the elongated conductive member 600, the capacitive pickup 1126 detects a representative signal within a specific, unique, continuous segment of the signal space. In at least one embodiment, the capacitive pickup 1126 is integrated within a power and data coupling device 630. Additionally, the power and data coupling device 630 can communicate capacitively with the elongated conductive member 600 by changing the electric field. The capacitive pickup 1126 transmits the detected signal to a phase-locked loop (PLL) 1128, where the detected signal is converted into a voltage 1130. The resulting voltage 1130 can then be processed and displayed as a pulse-echo reading 1132 to the end user.

[0129] Figure 11C A circuit for providing power to one or more sensors 121 is depicted. Therefore, with Figure 11A and Figure 11B compared to, Figure 11C The signal is transmitted from the proximal portion of the elongated conductive member 600 toward the distal portion. Specifically, the frequency generation circuit 1134 generates a power signal within a specific, distinct continuous segment of the signal space, which includes a specific power channel. The generated AC signal is transmitted to the power amplifier 1136 to generate a specific AC power signal within the specific power channel. The AC power signal is capacitively coupled 1138 to the elongated conductive member 600 and then transmitted via the elongated conductive member 600 to one or more sensors 121 at the distal portion of the elongated conductive member 600.

[0130] Once the AC power signal reaches the distal portion of the elongated conductive member 600, the AC power signal is rectified 1140 and processed by a qualification / smoothing circuit 1142. The resulting DC power signal 844 is then provided to one or more sensors 1146, 121, 220.

[0131] It should be understood that Figures 11A-11C Each of the circuits described above utilizes capacitive coupling between the elongated conductive member 600 and the power and data coupling device 630. Thus, the described sensor can be powered and can transmit data to the external device 110 without requiring a physical connection between the power and data coupling device 630 and the elongated conductive member 600. The absence of such a physical connection provides significant technical benefits to the user. For example, the user is no longer constrained by the physical cord connected to the elongated conductive member 600. Furthermore, in the case of a guidewire system, for example, the user can feed medical devices such as stents and catheters onto the line 102 without having to remove the line 102 or de-energize it. This capability allows the user to maintain uninterrupted sensor data from within the patient while the medical device is placed on the line 102 and while the medical device is placed inside the body.

[0132] Figure 12 A flowchart of a method 1200 for providing power and data coupling to a medical sensor is shown. Method 1200 includes an action 1210 of coupling a first conductive surface to a second conductive surface. Action 1210 includes coupling the second conductive surface to the first conductive surface integrated into a medical device via a time-varying electric field. The first conductive surface is connected to a power source to provide power to the second conductive surface, and the first conductive surface radiates the time-varying electric field, which is configured to deliver power to the second conductive surface. Additionally, the first conductive surface is configured to receive signals from the second conductive surface.

[0133] For example, such as regarding Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figures 8A-8D The depicted and described power and data coupling device 104 includes a first conductive surface 800a. The first conductive surface 800a is connected to a power source (e.g., a battery 810). The power source causes the first conductive surface 800a to radiate an electric field coupled to second conductive surfaces 830, 840, and provides power to one or more sensors 121 (“medical sensors”) coupled to the second conductive surfaces 830, 840. Additionally, as per [reference to...] Figure 6A and Figure 6B As shown and described, the first conductive surface 800a is configured to receive signals (i.e., data signals) from the second conductive surface.

[0134] Method 1200 further includes an action 1220 of translating the second conductive surface. Action 1220 includes translating the second conductive surface relative to the first conductive surface. For example, as per [reference to...] Figures 1-3A The elongated conductive member (i.e., the second conductive surface) (such as line 102 or conduit 202) depicted and described can be translated through the power and data coupling device 104. The ability to translate line 102, conduit 202, or some other medical device relative to the first conductive surface allows a user to position the medical device within a lumen space for medical procedures.

[0135] Additionally, method 1200 includes an action 1230 for isolating signals. Action 1230 includes isolating signals using a signal processor. For example, as per [reference to...] Figure 6A and Figure 6B The power and data coupling device 630 described and illustrated includes filters configured to isolate data signals from each other.

[0136] Furthermore, method 1200 includes an action 1240 of transmitting an isolated signal. Action 1240 includes transmitting the isolated signal to a computing device using a transmitter. For example, as per [reference to...] Figure 6A and Figure 6B As depicted and described, transmitter 640 can transmit signals to external device 110.

[0137] Aspects of the present invention

[0138] The invention is further described in detail in the following entries:

[0139] Item 1: A power and data coupling device for a medical sensor, comprising:

[0140] A first conductive surface, integrated into the medical device and configured to be coupled to a second conductive surface via an electric field, the second conductive surface being relative to the first conductive surface.

[0141] The electric surface is translational, wherein:

[0142] The first conductive surface is connected to a power source to provide power to the second conductive surface through the electric field.

[0143] The first conductive surface radiates a time-varying electric field, which is configured to deliver power to the second conductive surface.

[0144] The first conductive surface is connected to a pickup, which is configured to receive signals from the second conductive surface.

[0145] Item 2: The power and data coupling device according to any of the preceding items further includes: a signal acquisition unit configured to isolate the signal.

[0146] Item 3: The power and data coupling device according to any of the preceding items further includes: a transmitter configured to transmit isolated signals to a computing device.

[0147] Item 4: The power and data coupling device according to any of the preceding items further includes: one or more processors configured to process the signal.

[0148] Item 5: A power and data coupling device according to any of the preceding items, wherein at least a portion of the second conductive surface is surrounded by the first conductive surface.

[0149] Item 6: A power and data coupling device according to any of the preceding items, wherein the first conductive surface is not in physical contact with the second conductive surface.

[0150] Item 7: A power and data coupling device according to any of the preceding items, wherein the first conductive surface is in physical contact with the second conductive surface.

[0151] Item 8: The power and data coupling device according to any of the preceding items further includes an amplifier configured to amplify the signal.

[0152] Item 9: A power and data coupling device according to any of the preceding items, wherein the first conductive surface is configured to simultaneously (i) provide a power signal to the second conductive surface and (ii) receive a data signal from the second conductive surface.

[0153] Item 10: A power and data coupling device according to any of the preceding items, wherein the first conductive surface is configured to simultaneously: (i) provide a plurality of different power signals to the second conductive surface, each of the plurality of different power signals being configured to provide power to a different set of medical sensors; and (ii) receive a plurality of different data signals from the second conductive surface, each of the plurality of different data signals providing data from a different set of medical sensors.

[0154] Item 11: A power and data coupling device according to any of the preceding items, wherein the second conductive surface includes a single conductive line to which the medical sensor is electrically coupled.

[0155] Item 12: A power and data coupling device according to any of the preceding items, wherein the first conductive surface includes a portion of a catheter to which the medical sensor is physically attached.

[0156] Item 13: A power and data coupling device according to any of the preceding items, wherein the first conductive surface comprises a plurality of physically separated conductive surfaces.

[0157] Item 14: A power and data coupling device according to any of the preceding items, wherein each conductive surface selected from the plurality of physically separated conductive surfaces is configured to receive data signals from a specific and different set of medical sensors.

[0158] Item 15: A power and data coupling device according to any of the preceding items, wherein a first conductive surface selected from the plurality of physically separated conductive surfaces is configured to provide power to at least one medical sensor, and a second conductive surface selected from the plurality of physically separated conductive surfaces is configured to receive data signals from the at least one medical sensor.

[0159] Item 16: A power and data coupling device according to any of the preceding items, wherein a power input line is physically connected to a feed on the first conductive surface, the size of which is determined to substantially match the impedance of the coupling between the first conductive surface and the second conductive surface.

[0160] Item 17: A method for providing power and data coupling to a medical sensor, comprising:

[0161] The second conductive surface is coupled to the first conductive surface integrated into the medical device via a time-varying electric field, wherein:

[0162] The first conductive surface is connected to a power source to provide power to the second conductive surface.

[0163] The first conductive surface radiates a time-varying electric field, which is configured to deliver power to the second conductive surface.

[0164] The first conductive surface is configured to receive a signal from the second conductive surface;

[0165] The second conductive surface is translated relative to the first conductive surface;

[0166] The signal is isolated using a signal processor; and

[0167] The isolated signal is transmitted to the computing device using a transmitter.

[0168] Item 18: The method according to any of the preceding items, wherein at least a portion of the second conductive surface is surrounded by the first conductive surface.

[0169] Item 19: The method according to any of the preceding items, wherein the first conductive surface is not in physical contact with the second conductive surface.

[0170] Item 20: The method according to any of the preceding items further includes:

[0171] The second elongated conductive member is translated on or near the second conductive surface; and

[0172] While the second elongated conductive member is positioned between the first conductive surface and the second conductive surface, it continues to receive the signal.

[0173] Item 21: The method according to any of the preceding items, wherein the first conductive surface is in physical contact with the second conductive surface.

[0174] Item 22: The method according to any of the preceding items further includes amplifying the signal with an amplifier.

[0175] Item 23: The method according to any of the preceding items further includes simultaneously (i) providing a power signal to the second conductive surface and (ii) receiving a data signal from the second conductive surface.

[0176] Item 24: The method according to any of the preceding items further includes:

[0177] Simultaneously: (i) providing multiple different power signals to the second conductive surface, each of the multiple different power signals being configured to provide power to a different set of medical sensors; and (ii) receiving multiple different data signals from the second conductive surface, each of the multiple different data signals providing data from a different set of medical sensors.

[0178] Item 25: The method according to any of the preceding items, wherein the first conductive surface includes a single conductive line to which the medical sensor is electrically coupled.

[0179] Item 26: The method according to any of the preceding items, wherein the first conductive surface includes a portion of a catheter, and the medical sensor is physically attached to the catheter.

[0180] Item 27: The method according to any of the preceding items, wherein the first conductive surface comprises a plurality of physically separated conductive surfaces.

[0181] Item 28: The method according to any of the preceding items, further wherein a plurality of conductive surfaces selected from the plurality of physically separated conductive surfaces are configured to receive data signals from a specific set of different medical sensors.

[0182] Item 29: The method according to any of the preceding items, wherein a first conductive surface selected from the plurality of physically separated conductive surfaces is configured to provide power to at least one medical sensor, and a second conductive surface selected from the plurality of physically separated conductive surfaces is configured to receive a data signal from the at least one medical sensor.

[0183] Item 30: The method according to any of the preceding items, wherein the power input line is physically connected to a feed portion on the first conductive surface, the size of which is determined to substantially match the impedance of the coupling between the first conductive surface and the second conductive surface.

[0184] in conclusion

[0185] Although certain embodiments of this disclosure have been described in detail with reference to specific constructions, parameters, components, elements, etc., such descriptions are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claimed invention.

[0186] Furthermore, it should be understood that, for any given element or component of the described embodiments, unless otherwise implied or expressly stated, any possible alternatives listed for that element or component may generally be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0187] Furthermore, unless otherwise stated, figures used in the specification and claims to indicate quantities, components, distances, or other measurements should be understood to be optionally modified by the term "about" or its synonyms. When the terms "about," "approximately," "substantially," etc., are used in conjunction with the stated quantity, value, or condition, they can be considered to refer to a quantity, value, or condition that deviates from the stated quantity, value, or condition by less than 20%, less than 10%, less than 5%, or less than 1%. At least, and without attempting to limit the application of the doctrine of equivalence to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter should be interpreted according to the number of significant figures reported and by applying ordinary rounding techniques.

[0188] Any headings and subheadings used herein are for organizational purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the specification or claims.

[0189] It should also be noted that, as used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” do not exclude plural references unless the context clearly specifies otherwise. Thus, for example, an embodiment referring to a single reference (e.g., “part”) may also include two or more such references.

[0190] It should also be understood that the embodiments described herein may include properties and features (e.g., components, parts, elements, components, and / or portions) described in other embodiments described herein. Therefore, various features of a given embodiment may be combined and / or incorporated into other embodiments of this disclosure. Consequently, the disclosure of certain features relating to specific embodiments of this disclosure should not be construed as limiting the application or inclusion of said features to that particular embodiment. Rather, it should be understood that other embodiments may also include such features.

[0191] Furthermore, the method can be implemented by a computer system comprising one or more processors and a computer-readable medium such as computer memory. Specifically, the computer memory can store computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the performance of various functions, such as the actions exemplified in the embodiments.

[0192] The functionality of a computing system can be enhanced by its ability to interconnect with other computing systems via network connections. Network connections can include, but are not limited to, connections via wired or wireless Ethernet, cellular connections, or even computer-to-computer connections via serial, parallel, USB, or other means. These connections allow the computing system to access services on other computing systems and to receive application data from other computing systems quickly and efficiently.

[0193] The interconnection of computing systems has enabled distributed computing systems, such as so-called "cloud" computing systems. In this description, "cloud computing" can refer to a system or resource that enables ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, services, etc.), which can be provided and published in a manner that reduces management effort or interaction with service providers. Cloud models can consist of various characteristics (e.g., on-demand self-service, widespread network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity, measurable services, etc.), service models (e.g., Software as a Service ("SaaS"), Platform as a Service ("PaaS"), Infrastructure as a Service ("IaaS"), and deployment models (e.g., private cloud, community cloud, public cloud, hybrid cloud, etc.).

[0194] Cloud-based and remote service applications are popular. These applications are hosted on public and private remote systems (e.g., the cloud) and typically provide a set of web-based services for communicating back and forth with clients.

[0195] Many computers are designed to be used through direct user interaction. Therefore, computers have input hardware and software user interfaces to facilitate user interaction. For example, modern general-purpose computers may include a keyboard, mouse, touchpad, camera, etc., to allow users to input data into the computer. In addition, various software user interfaces can be used.

[0196] Examples of software user interfaces include graphical user interfaces, text-based command-line user interfaces, function key or hotkey user interfaces, etc.

[0197] The disclosed embodiments may include or utilize dedicated or general-purpose computers including computer hardware, as discussed in more detail below. The disclosed embodiments also include physical and other computer-readable media for carrying or storing computer-executable instructions and / or data structures. Such computer-readable media may be any available media accessible to general-purpose or dedicated computer systems. Computer-readable media storing computer-executable instructions are physical storage media. Computer-readable media carrying computer-executable instructions are transmission media. Thus, by way of example and not limitation, embodiments of the invention may include at least two distinctly different types of computer-readable media: physical computer-readable storage media and transmission computer-readable media.

[0198] Physical computer-readable storage media include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disc storage (e.g., CD, DVD, etc.), magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to store desired program code in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

[0199] A “network” is defined as one or more data links that enable the transmission of electronic data between computer systems and / or modules and / or other electronic devices. When information is transmitted or provided to a computer via a network or another communication connection (hardwired, wireless, or a combination of hardwired and wireless), the computer appropriately regards the connection as a transmission medium. Transmission media may include networks and / or data links, which may be used to carry program code in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures and may be accessible to general-purpose or special-purpose computers. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of computer-readable media.

[0200] Furthermore, upon arrival at various computer system components, program code in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures can be automatically transferred from the transmission computer-readable medium to the physical computer-readable storage medium (or vice versa). For example, computer-executable instructions or data structures received via a network or data link can be cached in the RAM within a network interface module (e.g., a "NIC") and then ultimately transferred to the computer system RAM and / or a less volatile computer-readable physical storage medium on the computer system. Thus, the computer-readable physical storage medium can be included in computer system components that also (or even primarily) utilize the transmission medium.

[0201] Computer-executable instructions, for example, include instructions and data that cause a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or special-purpose processing device to perform a specific function or set of functions. Computer-executable instructions can be, for example, binary, intermediate format instructions (e.g., assembly language), or even source code. Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and / or methodological actions, it should be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the features or actions described above. Rather, the described features and actions are disclosed as exemplary forms for implementing the claims.

[0202] Those skilled in the art will understand that this invention can be practiced in network computing environments with various types of computer system configurations, including personal computers, desktop computers, portable computers, message processors, handheld devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, mobile phones, PDAs, pagers, routers, switches, etc. This invention can also be practiced in distributed system environments, where both local and remote computer systems, connected via network links (through hardwired data links, wireless data links, or a combination of hardwired and wireless data links), perform tasks. In a distributed system environment, program modules can reside on both local and remote storage devices.

[0203] Alternatively or additionally, the functionality described herein may be performed at least in part by one or more hardware logic components. For example, but not limited to, illustrative types of hardware logic components that may be used include field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), system-on-a-chip (SoCs), complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs), etc.

[0204] The invention may be practiced in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or characteristics thereof. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects as exemplary rather than restrictive. Therefore, the scope of the invention is shown by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. All modifications within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the claims are included within the scope thereof.

Claims

1. A power and data coupling device for a medical sensor, comprising: A first conductive surface, integrated into a medical device and configured to be coupled to a conductive wire via an electric field, the medical device being configured to remain outside the human body, the conductive wire being configured to be translationally movable relative to the first conductive surface, wherein: The first conductive surface is connected to a power source to provide power to the conductive wire through the electric field. The first conductive surface is configured to radiate a time-varying electric field, which is configured to deliver power to the conductive wire. The first conductive surface is connected to a pickup, which is configured to receive data signals from the conductive wire while the conductive wire is translated relative to the first conductive surface.

2. The power and data coupling device according to claim 1, further comprising: A signal acquisition device configured to isolate the data signal.

3. The power and data coupling device according to claim 2, further comprising: A transmitter configured to transmit isolated data signals to a computing device.

4. The power and data coupling device according to claim 1, further comprising: One or more processors configured to process the data signal.

5. The power and data coupling device according to claim 1, wherein, At least a portion of the conductive wire is surrounded by the first conductive surface.

6. The power and data coupling device according to claim 1, wherein, The first conductive surface does not have physical contact with the conductive wire.

7. The power and data coupling device of claim 1, further comprising an amplifier configured to amplify the data signal.

8. The power and data coupling device according to claim 1, wherein, The first conductive surface is configured to simultaneously (i) provide a power signal to the conductive wire and (ii) receive a data signal from the conductive wire.

9. The power and data coupling device according to claim 8, wherein, The first conductive surface is configured to simultaneously: (i) provide a plurality of different power signals to the conductive wire, each of the plurality of different power signals being configured to provide power to a different set of medical sensors; and (ii) receive a plurality of different data signals from the conductive wire, each of the plurality of different data signals providing data from a different set of medical sensors.

10. The power and data coupling device according to claim 1, wherein, The conductive wire includes a single conductive line to which the medical sensor is electrically coupled.

11. The power and data coupling device according to claim 1, wherein, The first conductive surface comprises a plurality of physically separated conductive surfaces.

12. The power and data coupling device according to claim 11, wherein, Each conductive surface selected from the plurality of physically separate conductive surfaces is configured to receive data signals from a specific and different set of medical sensors.

13. The power and data coupling device according to claim 11, wherein, A first conductive surface selected from the plurality of physically separated conductive surfaces is configured to provide power to at least one medical sensor, while a conductive wire selected from the plurality of physically separated conductive surfaces is configured to receive data signals from the at least one medical sensor.

14. The power and data coupling device according to claim 1, wherein, The power input line is physically connected to a feed section on the first conductive surface, the size of which is determined to substantially match the impedance of the coupling between the first conductive surface and the conductive wire.

15. A method for providing power and data coupling to a medical sensor, comprising: A conductive wire is coupled to a first conductive surface integrated into a medical device via a time-varying electric field, the medical device being configured to remain outside the human body, wherein: The first conductive surface is connected to a power source to provide power to the conductive wire. The first conductive surface radiates a time-varying electric field, which is configured to deliver power to the conductive wire. The first conductive surface is configured to receive a data signal from the conductive wire while the conductive wire is translated relative to the first conductive surface; The conductive wire is translated relative to the first conductive surface; The data signal is isolated using a signal processor; and The isolated data signal is transmitted to the computing device using a transmitter.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein, At least a portion of the conductive wire is surrounded by the first conductive surface.

17. The method according to claim 15, wherein, The first conductive surface does not have physical contact with the conductive wire.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising: A second elongated conductive member is translated on or near the conductive wire; as well as While the second elongated conductive member is positioned between the first conductive surface and the conductive wire, it continues to receive the data signal and transmit power.

19. The method of claim 15, further comprising amplifying the data signal with an amplifier.

20. The method of claim 15, further comprising: Simultaneously (i) a power signal is provided to the conductive wire and (ii) a data signal is received from the conductive wire.

21. The method of claim 20, further comprising: Simultaneously: (i) providing multiple different power signals to the conductive wire, each of the multiple different power signals being configured to provide power to a different set of medical sensors; and (ii) receiving multiple different data signals from the conductive wire, each of the multiple different data signals providing data from a different set of medical sensors.

22. The method according to claim 15, wherein, The first conductive surface includes a single conductive line to which the medical sensor is electrically coupled.

23. The method according to claim 15, wherein, The first conductive surface comprises a plurality of physically separated conductive surfaces.

24. The method according to claim 23, wherein, Multiple conductive surfaces, selected from the plurality of physically separated conductive surfaces, are configured to receive the data signals from a specific set of different medical sensors.

25. The method according to claim 23, wherein, A first conductive surface selected from the plurality of physically separated conductive surfaces is configured to provide power to at least one medical sensor, while a conductive wire selected from the plurality of physically separated conductive surfaces is configured to receive the data signal from the at least one medical sensor.

26. The method according to claim 15, wherein, The power input line is physically connected to a feed section on the first conductive surface, the size of which is determined to substantially match the impedance of the coupling between the first conductive surface and the conductive wire.

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