A 3D display device and a design method

Abstract

An embodiment of the present invention discloses a 3D display device and a design method. The design method of a specific embodiment includes determining physical parameters of the pixel unit based on the target size and target resolution of the display panel; determining the spacing distance between the surface of the lens layer facing away from the light-emitting side of the display panel and the surface of the pixel unit facing the light-emitting side based on the physical parameters of the pixel unit and the target main lobe angle; and determining physical parameters of the lens layer based on the physical parameters of the pixel unit, the spacing distance, and the target viewing distance. The design method of the embodiment of the present invention can achieve an optimized performance design, which can not only meet large design requirements, but also achieve low crosstalk, and the designed 3D display device has a compact structure and broad application prospects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of display technologies. More specifically, it relates to a 3D display device and a design method thereof. Background Art

[0002] A 3D (three dimensional) display panel is a display system that can utilize the characteristic of binocular parallax of human eyes to obtain a realistic three-dimensional image with space and depth without the need for any auxiliary devices (such as 3D glasses, 3D helmets, etc.). Due to the advantages of the naked-eye stereoscopic image, such as real and vivid expressiveness, elegant environmental infectivity, and strong visual impact, the application scenarios of 3D display panels are becoming more and more extensive.

[0003] The 3D display panel can adopt the lenticular grating technology to refract the light emitted by different sub-pixels to the left eye and the right eye respectively, so that the left eye and the right eye can observe different left parallax images and right parallax images respectively. However, in the prior art, the 3D viewing angle of the 3D display panel is small, and users can only view the 3D effect at a specific position in the front, resulting in the inability to meet the scene requirements of multiple people watching simultaneously and the problem of increased 3D crosstalk. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a 3D display device and a design method thereof to solve at least one of the problems existing in the prior art.

[0005] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] The first aspect of the present invention provides a design method of a 3D display device, including:

[0007] The 3D display device includes a display panel and a lens layer arranged on the light-emitting side of the display panel, wherein the lens layer includes a plurality of lenticular lenses arranged along a first direction, the display panel includes pixel units arranged corresponding to the plurality of lenticular lenses, and each pixel unit includes a plurality of pixel islands arranged along a second direction, and each pixel island includes at least one row of sub-pixels of the same color arranged along the first direction;

[0008] The method includes:

[0009] Based on the target size and target resolution of the display panel, determine the physical parameters of the pixel units;

[0010] Based on the physical parameters of the pixel units and the target main lobe angle, determine the distance between the surface of the lens layer facing away from the light-emitting side of the display panel and the surface of the pixel unit facing the light-emitting side;

[0011] Determine the physical parameters of the lens layer based on the physical parameters of the pixel unit, the interval distance, and the target viewing distance.

[0012] Further, the determining the physical parameters of the pixel unit based on the target size and target resolution of the display panel includes:

[0013] According to Determine the cell pitch between adjacent pixel units, where the target resolution is m×n, A is the target size, and the unit of the target size A is inches;

[0014] According to Determine the maximum number of sub-pixels N included in each pixel island, where ω is the target main lobe angle, Lmax is the desired farthest viewing distance, and d is the pupil distance of the human eye;

[0015] According to Determine the sub-pixel pitch P between adjacent sub-pixels in each pixel island sub .

[0016] Further, it further includes:

[0017] Arrange the N sub-pixels included in each pixel island in multiple rows along the second direction, where the projections of the multiple rows of sub-pixels in the second direction do not overlap.

[0018] Further, the method further includes:

[0019] Arrange the multiple rows of sub-pixels whose projections in the second direction do not overlap so that their projections in the first direction form visually continuous light emission.

[0020] Further, the determining the interval distance between the surface of the light-emitting side of the lens layer facing away from the display panel and the surface of the pixel unit facing the light-emitting side based on the physical parameters of the pixel unit and the target main lobe angle includes:

[0021] According to Determine the interval distance H between the lens layer and the pixel unit, where n is the refractive index of the transparent spacer between the lens layer and the display device.

[0022] Further, the determining the physical parameters of the lens layer based on the physical parameters of the pixel unit, the interval distance, and the optimal target viewing distance includes:

[0023] According to Determine the cylindrical lens pitch D between adjacent cylindrical lenses, where L b is the optimal target viewing distance;

[0024] According to Determine the theoretical radius of curvature r of the cylindrical lens, where f satisfies when the sub-pixels are disposed on the focal plane of the cylindrical lens and where n1 is the refractive index of the cylindrical lens, n2 is the refractive index of the non-cylindrical lens region in the lens layer, and k is the defocus amount constant.

[0025] Furthermore, the method further includes:

[0026] Based on the theoretical radius of curvature r, optimize the radius of curvature of the cylindrical lens, and determine the optimal radius of curvature of the optimized cylindrical lens when the crosstalk distribution among viewpoints is minimized.

[0027] Furthermore, the step of optimizing the radius of curvature of the cylindrical lens based on the theoretical radius of curvature r and determining the optimal radius of curvature of the optimized cylindrical lens when the crosstalk distribution among viewpoints is minimized includes:

[0028] Set a preset range of the radius of curvature;

[0029] Calculate the illuminance distribution of each sub-pixel passing through the cylindrical lens within the target main lobe angle for the radii of curvature within the preset range;

[0030] Calculate the crosstalk distribution among viewpoints based on the illuminance distribution;

[0031] Select the radius of curvature corresponding to the minimum crosstalk distribution in the crosstalk distribution as the optimal radius of curvature r of the cylindrical lens opt 。

[0032] Furthermore, each of the cylindrical lenses is arranged to include a first cylindrical lens portion and a second cylindrical lens portion arranged along the light-emitting direction, and the first cylindrical lens portion and the second cylindrical lens portion are symmetrically arranged with respect to a plane parallel to the display panel.

[0033] Furthermore, the method further includes: arranging a black matrix between the cylindrical lenses.

[0034] A 3D display device using the design method according to the first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in the second aspect of the present invention. The 3D display device includes a display panel and a lens layer disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel. The lens layer includes a plurality of cylindrical lenses arranged along a first direction, and the display panel includes pixel units arranged corresponding to the plurality of cylindrical lenses. Each pixel unit includes a plurality of pixel islands arranged along a second direction, and each pixel island includes at least one row of sub-pixels of the same color arranged along the first direction.

[0035] Furthermore, the pixel island includes a plurality of sub-pixels, and the sub-pixels are arranged in multiple rows along the second direction, and the projections of the multiple rows of sub-pixels in the second direction do not overlap.

[0036] Further, the projections of multiple rows of sub-pixels that do not overlap in the second direction form visually continuous light emission in the first direction.

[0037] Further, each of the cylindrical lenses includes a first cylindrical lens portion and a second cylindrical lens portion arranged along the light-emitting direction, and the first cylindrical lens portion and the second cylindrical lens portion are symmetrically arranged with respect to the plane parallel to the display panel.

[0038] Further, the device further includes: a black matrix disposed between the cylindrical lenses.

[0039] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0040] The design method of the 3D display device according to the embodiment of the present invention first designs the relevant parameters of the pixel unit according to a plurality of target design parameters, further designs the spacing distance between the lens layer and the pixel unit, and finally designs the lens layer. The whole process is fast and efficient, realizing the optimal performance design. The 3D display device obtained by this design method can not only meet the large design requirements, but also achieve low crosstalk, and has a compact structure and broad application prospects. Description of the Drawings

[0041] The following further describes in detail the specific embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0042] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a 3D display device showing an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the light emission of the 3D display device showing an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 3 A relationship curve diagram showing the main lobe viewing angle, the slope angle of the cylindrical lens, and the aperture ratio of the cylindrical lens of the 3D display device showing an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 4 Shows the method flowchart for the structural design of the 3D display device shown in Figure 1 Another embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 5 A method flowchart showing an embodiment of step S1 of the present invention, "Based on the target size A and the target resolution of the display panel, determine the physical parameters of the pixel unit";

[0047] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the pixel unit arrangement of the 3D display device showing an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 7A method flowchart showing an embodiment of step S3 of the embodiment of the present invention, "determine the physical parameters of the lens layer based on the physical parameters of the pixel unit, the spacing distance, and the target viewing distance";

[0049] Figure 8 A schematic diagram showing the crosstalk distribution generated when the theoretical radius of curvature of the embodiment of the present invention is 222 μm;

[0050] Figure 9 A schematic diagram showing the crosstalk distribution generated when the optimal radius of curvature of the embodiment of the present invention is 266 μm;

[0051] Figure 10 A schematic structural diagram of a 3D display device showing another embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 11 Show Figure 10 A schematic diagram showing the crosstalk distribution generated when the optimal radius of curvature of the shown 3D display device is 266 μm. Detailed implementation manners

[0053] To more clearly illustrate the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Similar components in the drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals. Those skilled in the art should understand that the content specifically described below is illustrative rather than restrictive, and should not be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

[0054] An embodiment of the present invention provides a 3D display device and a design method to solve the above problems.

[0055] As Figure 1 shown, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a 3D display device and conducts a structural design based on this 3D display device. In an optional embodiment, the 3D display device includes a display panel 11 and a lens layer 12 provided on the light-emitting side of the display panel. The lens layer includes a plurality of cylindrical lenses 121 arranged along the first direction X, and the display panel includes pixel units 111 arranged corresponding to the plurality of cylindrical lenses. Each pixel unit includes a plurality of pixel islands arranged along the second direction, and each pixel island includes at least one row of sub-pixels of the same color arranged along the first direction.

[0056] For the 3D display device with the structure of the embodiment of the present invention, the light-emitting schematic diagram of the light after the equivalent air layer on its cross-section is as Figure 2 shown. From the geometric relationships shown in the figure, the following relational expressions can be obtained:

[0057]

[0058] In the formula, ω is the main lobe viewing angle; P is the cell pitch between pixel units 111, such as Figure 1 the length of a pixel unit defined by the pixel defining layer in the X direction as shown; H is the placement height of the lens layer 12, that is, the distance between the surface of the lens layer facing away from the light-emitting side of the display panel and the surface of the pixel unit facing the light-emitting side; n is the refractive index of the transparent spacer 13 between the lens layer 12 and the display panel 11.

[0059] In a specific example, such as Figure 1 shown, the first direction of the embodiment of the present invention is the X direction shown in the figure. A pixel unit 111 is defined by a pixel defining layer 112. In the embodiment of the present invention, the cell pitch P of the pixel unit is the distance between the centers of adjacent pixel defining layers. H in the embodiment of the present invention is the placement height of the lens layer 12, that is, the distance between the surface of the lens layer facing away from the light-emitting side of the display panel and the surface of the pixel unit facing the light-emitting side, that is, the distance between the light-emitting surface of the pixel unit and the surface of the lens layer facing away from the light-emitting side of the display panel. In an optional embodiment, such as Figure 1 shown, a black matrix 131 corresponding to the pixel defining layer 112 is provided between adjacent cylindrical lenses 121.

[0060] It can be seen from formula (1) that when the cell pitch P between pixel units remains unchanged, reducing the spacing distance H can increase the main lobe viewing angle ω. However, when H is reduced, the relevant parameters of the lens layer also need to be adjusted synchronously. However, due to existing processes and lens layer structure limitations, the spacing distance cannot be continuously reduced.

[0061] The inventor further obtained the influence relationship of the lens layer on the main lobe viewing angle based on the foregoing formula of the main lobe viewing angle ω as:

[0062]

[0063] where formula (2) is obtained by multiplying both the numerator and denominator of formula (1) by the focal length f and aperture D of the cylindrical lens in the lens layer k ;

[0064] Furthermore, substituting the determinant formula of the focal length f of the cylindrical lens in the lens layer into formula (2) can obtain:

[0065]

[0066] From Figure 1 and Figure 2 it can be known that Substituting into formula (3) can obtain:

[0067]

[0068] In the formula, n1 is the refractive index of the cylindrical lens 121, and n2 is the refractive index of the non-cylindrical lens region 122 in the lens layer; is the defocus amount; is the aperture ratio of the cylindrical lens 121; θ is the slope angle of the cylindrical lens 121.

[0069] Therefore, based on Equation (4) obtained by the inventor, the inventor further proposes that there are mainly the following four methods to increase the main lobe viewing angle ω:

[0070] ① Increase the defocus amount k. Different defocus amounts can be determined according to the user's requirements for the viewing angle. For example, if the viewing angle requirement is large, the defocus amount is large. On the contrary, if the viewing angle requirement is small, the defocus amount is small. When the defocus amount is in the optimal state, it can ensure that the crosstalk distribution within the visible angle in the 3D display device is relatively small. In a specific example, if the viewing angle requirement is 100°, the defocus amount k can be a constant 1.6.

[0071] ② Increase the refractive index difference between n1 and n2. For the refractive index difference, high-refractive-index materials and low-refractive-index materials can be used in combination to form a relatively large refractive index difference between the refractive index n1 of the cylindrical lens and the refractive index n2 of the non-cylindrical lens region.

[0072] ③ Decrease the aperture ratio O of the cylindrical lens (lens).

[0073] ④ Increase the slope angle θ of the cylindrical lens array in the lens layer. In a specific example, taking the defocus amount k = 1.2, the refractive index n1 of the cylindrical lens = 1.61, and the refractive index n2 of the non-cylindrical lens region = 1.0 as an example, the relationship curves between the main lobe viewing angle ω, the slope angle θ of the cylindrical lens, and the aperture ratio O of the cylindrical lens are as Figure 3 shown.

[0074] In a specific example, the stamping process limit range of the slope angle is 40° - 80°. From Figure 3 it can be seen that

[0075] In the case where the limit angle for forming the slope angle is 40°:

[0076] If the aperture ratio of the cylindrical lens = 100%, a main lobe viewing angle of 50.4° can be achieved;

[0077] If the aperture ratio of the cylindrical lens = 50%, a main lobe viewing angle of 86.5° can be achieved;

[0078] If the aperture ratio of the cylindrical lens = 25%, a main lobe viewing angle of 124° can be achieved.

[0079] In the case where the limit angle for forming the slope angle is 80°:

[0080] If the cylindrical lens aperture ratio = 100%, a main lobe viewing angle of 71.6° can be achieved;

[0081] If the cylindrical lens aperture ratio = 50%, a main lobe viewing angle of 110.5° can be achieved;

[0082] If the cylindrical lens aperture ratio = 25%, a main lobe viewing angle of 141.7° can be achieved.

[0083] However, the lower the cylindrical lens aperture ratio, the lower its light extraction efficiency, and the overall performance of the 3D display device may be poor; the larger the cylindrical lens slope angle, the greater the crosstalk between 3D views; the larger the 3D main lobe viewing angle, the lower the viewpoint density, and in order to ensure that both eyes are not covered by the single view area, the more sub-pixels are required. Therefore, the main lobe viewing angle ω is not the larger the better, and the methods of increasing the defocus amount k, reducing the cylindrical lens aperture ratio O, and increasing the cylindrical lens slope angle θ to increase the main lobe viewing angle ω are not the best solutions for the overall performance of the 3D display device, that is, the lower the cylindrical lens aperture ratio, the better, the larger the cylindrical lens slope angle, and the larger the 3D main lobe viewing angle, the better. How to achieve the expansion of the main lobe viewing angle of the 3D display device while ensuring that the 3D display device has a better view density and a smaller crosstalk distribution, this problem still needs to be solved.

[0084] Therefore, the second embodiment of the present invention further proposes a Figure 1 The method for structural design of the 3D display device shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown, the method includes:

[0085] S1. Determine physical parameters of the pixel unit based on a target size and a target resolution of a display panel;

[0086] S2. Based on the physical parameters of the pixel unit and the target main lobe angle, determine the spacing distance between the surface of the lens layer facing away from the light-emitting side of the display panel and the surface of the pixel unit facing the light-emitting side;

[0087] S3. Determine physical parameters of the lens layer based on the physical parameters of the pixel unit, the spacing distance, and the target viewing distance.

[0088] The embodiment of the present invention first determines the physical parameters of the pixel unit according to the relevant target parameters, and determines the physical parameters of the lens layer according to the physical parameters of the pixel unit and the relevant target parameters. The design method is convenient and efficient according to the interrelated physical parameters of the 3D display device obtained according to the design process, and the 3D display device obtained by using the design method has a compact structure, which can not only increase the main lobe viewing angle, but also ensure a low crosstalk amount. The method has broad application prospects.

[0089] The specific steps of this method will be described below with a specific example. Among them, taking the structural parameters of the 3D display device shown in Figure 1 as an example:

[0090] S1. Based on the target size A and target resolution of the display panel 11, determine the physical parameters of the pixel unit 111.

[0091] In an optional embodiment, as shown in Figure 5 , step S1 includes:

[0092] S11. According to , determine the unit pitch between adjacent pixel units 111; where the target resolution is m×n, A is the target size, and the unit of the target size A is inches.

[0093] In the embodiment of the present invention, each pixel unit 111 is correspondingly arranged with a lenticular lens 121, and the pixel units 111 are arranged along the first direction X. As shown in Figure 1 , the first direction in the embodiment of the present invention is the X direction shown in the figure. A pixel unit 111 is defined by a pixel defining layer 112. In the embodiment of the present invention, the unit pitch P of the pixel unit is the distance between the centers of adjacent pixel defining layers. In an optional embodiment, as shown in Figure 1 , a black matrix 131 for blocking light is arranged between adjacent lenticular lenses 121. In a specific example, the black matrix is correspondingly arranged with the pixel defining layer.

[0094] According to the unit pitch of the pixel unit obtained in this step, the overall number of pixel units under the current target size and the number of lenticular lenses correspondingly arranged with the pixel units can be determined, realizing the parameter matching between the resolution and the pixel units emitting light. And the lenticular lenses in the embodiment of the present invention adopt a straight arrangement in the second direction Y, that is, each lenticular lens extends along the Figure 1 shown Y direction, for realizing the division of the 3D view area with low crosstalk, corresponding to the matching pixel units, so that the horizontal and vertical resolutions of the final 3D and 2D displays are not unbalanced, forming a standard resolution. In a specific example, when all sub-pixels in all pixel units display the same grayscale information, it is a 2D display.

[0095] In a specific example, taking the target size A of the 3D display device as 110 inches, the resolution m×n as 7680×4320, the expected viewing distance as 4 - 6 m, and the target main lobe angle ω as 50° as an example, the unit pitch of the pixel unit is obtained according to the relational formula between the target size, target resolution and the unit pitch P of the pixel unit, as shown in the following formula:

[0096]

[0097] It is calculated that the cell pitch P of the pixel unit is 317.1 μm.

[0098] S12. According to determine the maximum number of sub-pixels N included in each pixel island; where ω is the target main lobe angle, L max is the expected farthest viewing distance, and d is the pupil distance of the human eye.

[0099] In an embodiment of the present invention, as Figure 1 and the corresponding Figure 1 schematic layout of the pixel units Figure 6 shown, each pixel unit 111 includes a plurality of pixel islands 1110 arranged along the second direction. Each pixel island 1110 has at least one row of sub-pixels 111 arranged along the X direction, that is, the number of sub-pixels in a pixel island is obtained by multiplying the number of rows by the number of sub-pixels in a single row. Each pixel island is used to emit light of the same color. For example, 1110R is used to emit red light, which is composed of red sub-pixels, 1110G is used to emit green light, which is composed of green sub-pixels, and 1110B is used to emit blue light, which is composed of blue sub-pixels. The pixel unit realizes the light emission of the pixel unit through a plurality of pixel islands arranged along the second direction. Different sub-pixels enter the user's binoculars after being refracted by the cylindrical lens, enabling the user to observe different parallax images, thereby realizing 3D display. Therefore, to achieve 3D display, it is necessary to ensure that the user's binoculars are not covered by a single viewing point at the farthest viewing distance, that is, it is necessary to further set the layout of the pixel islands in the pixel unit and the layout of the sub-pixels in the pixel islands.

[0100] Exemplarily, according to the main lobe angle ω = 50° and the farthest viewing distance L in the expected viewing distance (4 - 6 m) max = 6000 mm, and combined with the 65 mm pupil distance of the human eye, according to the following formula (6), the maximum number of sub-pixels N included in a pixel island can be obtained as N = 80.

[0101]

[0102] S13. According to determine the sub-pixel pitch P between adjacent sub-pixels in each pixel island sub .

[0103] In a specific example, according to the maximum number of sub-pixels N and the cell pitch P of the pixel unit, the sub-pixel pitch P between adjacent sub-pixels in each pixel island can be determined sub . For example, the aforementioned maximum number of sub-pixels N = 80 and the pixel unit pitch P = 317.1 μm, then the sub-pixel pitch P sub = 3.964 μm. This sub-pixel pitch is the optimal layout to meet various target performance requirements.

[0104] Figure 6 The arrangement structure of pixel islands (1110R, 1110G, 1110B) in a pixel unit 111 and the sub-pixel arrangement structure in each pixel island are shown. In an embodiment of the present invention, the sub-pixel pitch P sub is the distance between the centers of adjacent sub-pixels in the X direction. In a specific example, even though sub-pixel 111d and sub-pixel 111e are distributed in different sub-pixel rows, but the two are adjacent in the X direction, so the distance between their centers is still defined as the sub-pixel pitch P sub .

[0105] In another specific example, the unit pitch of the pixel unit in the Y direction is the sum of the sub-pixel pitches arranged in this direction. Those skilled in the art should be able to determine the corresponding relationship between the unit pitch of the pixel unit in the Y direction and the number of sub-pixel rows arranged in the pixel island according to the actual application, which will not be elaborated here.

[0106] The sum of the sub-pixel pitches of all pixel islands in the Y direction

[0107] In an alternative embodiment, the N sub-pixels 1111 included in each pixel island 1110 are arranged in multiple rows along the second direction Y, and the projections of the sub-pixels arranged in multiple rows on the display panel do not overlap. In an embodiment of the present invention, through the special arrangement design of the N sub-pixels in the pixel island to match the straight arrangement structure of the lenticular lenses in the lens layer, a good visual effect of the 3D display device is achieved. Specifically, as Figure 6 shown, the sub-pixels 1111 arranged in the X direction in the same row are arranged in a staggered manner, and there are multiple rows of sub-pixels arranged in the X direction in the Y direction, and the projections of all the sub-pixels in the pixel island in the Y direction do not overlap or cover each other.

[0108] More specifically, referring to Figure 6 the arrangement structure of the exemplary row shown, the colors of the sub-pixels 1111 in the pixel island 1110R are all red, and the number of sub-pixels in a pixel island 1110R is the aforementioned maximum number of sub-pixels 80. The 80 sub-pixels 1111 can be arranged in a structure of 4 rows * 20 sub-pixels per row, that is, in the Y direction, a pixel island 1110R includes 4 rows of sub-pixel rows arranged in the X direction, and each sub-pixel row includes 20 sub-pixels 1111 arranged in a staggered manner in the X direction. Further, as Figure 6 shown, taking the sub-pixels adjacent in the 4 rows as an example, the projections of these 4 sub-pixels on the display panel do not have an overlapping area, that is, in the X direction, there is no overlapping area between the sub-pixels in adjacent rows, and in the Y direction, there is also no overlapping area between the sub-pixels in adjacent rows, so as to achieve the maximized number of pixel arrangements that meet the target resolution and the viewing point requirements.

[0109] Further, in an optional embodiment, multiple rows of sub-pixels whose projections in the second direction do not overlap are arranged such that their projections in the first direction form visually continuous light emission. Considering the aforementioned arrangement, i.e., the projections of the sub-pixels do not overlap. When the adjacent sub-pixel intervals between adjacent rows are too large, visual black spots will occur, that is, there are black spots in the middle of the parallax image entering the human eye. Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention further arranges the sub-pixel arrangement structure to form a continuous light-emitting band.

[0110] Specifically, as Figure 6 shown, the first row of sub-pixels 1111a, the second row of sub-pixels 1111b, the third row of sub-pixels 1111c, and the fourth row of sub-pixels 1111d are closely adjacent in the X direction and in the Y direction. More specifically, the straight line where the bottom edge of the first row of sub-pixels 1111a is located coincides with the straight line where the top edge of the second row of sub-pixels 1111b is located, the straight line where the bottom edge of the second row of sub-pixels 1111b is located coincides with the straight line where the top edge of the third row of sub-pixels 1111c is located, and the straight line where the bottom edge of the third row of sub-pixels 1111c is located coincides with the straight line where the top edge of the fourth row of sub-pixels 1111d is located. Also, the straight line where the right side edge of the first row of sub-pixels 1111a is located coincides with the straight line where the left side edge of the second row of sub-pixels 1111b is located; the straight line where the right side edge of the second row of sub-pixels 1111b is located coincides with the straight line where the left side edge of the third row of sub-pixels 1111c is located; the straight line where the right side edge of the third row of sub-pixels 1111c is located coincides with the straight line where the left side edge of the fourth row of sub-pixels 1111d is located. Therefore, through this arrangement, the parallax image falling into the user's eyes is a continuous image, enabling the 3D display device to have good imaging performance.

[0111] S2. Based on the physical parameters of the pixel unit and the target main lobe angle, determine the distance between the surface of the lens layer facing away from the light-emitting side of the display panel and the surface of the pixel unit facing the light-emitting side.

[0112] In an optional embodiment, step S2 includes:

[0113] S21. According to determine the distance H between the lens layer and the pixel unit;

[0114] where n is the refractive index of the transparent spacer between the lens layer and the display device.

[0115] Exemplarily, the unit pitch P of the pixel unit is 317.1 μm, the target main lobe viewing angle ω is 50°, and the refractive index n of the transparent spacer between the lens layer and the display device is 1.5. The distance H = 546 μm can be obtained by calculation using Equation (1).

[0116] In a specific example, such as Figure 1 and as Figure 2 shown, the lens layer includes a cylindrical lens 121 and a non-cylindrical lens region 122. By selecting different materials for the cylindrical lens and the non-cylindrical lens region, a large refractive index difference can be achieved, thereby increasing the main lobe viewing angle. Exemplarily, the material of the cylindrical lens 121 can be a resin material with a high refractive index, and the non-cylindrical lens region 122 can be combined with a low-refractive-index material or gas with a smaller refractive index, such as air or nitrogen with a refractive index of 1.

[0117] S3. Determine the physical parameters of the lens layer based on the physical parameters of the pixel unit, the spacing distance, and the target viewing distance.

[0118] In the embodiment of the present invention, on the basis of designing the pixel unit and the spacing distance in the foregoing steps, the physical parameters of the lens layer are further designed, so that the pixel unit can not only meet the design requirements to achieve a large main lobe viewing angle design, but also reduce the crosstalk amount between different viewing angles.

[0119] In an alternative embodiment, such as Figure 7 shown, this step S3 includes:

[0120] S31. Determine the pitch D between adjacent cylindrical lenses according to where L b is the optimal target viewing distance.

[0121] Exemplarily, from Figure 3 it can be seen that when the target main lobe viewing angle is 50°, and considering the light utilization rate at the same time, it is preferably that the aperture ratio of the cylindrical lenses in the lens layer is 100%. Then, according to the 3D design shrinkage relationship as shown in Equation (7), where the optimal viewing distance L b = 5000 mm. Specifically, the optimal viewing distance in the embodiment of the present invention is the average value of the maximum expected distance of 6000 mm and the minimum expected distance of 4000 mm. Substituting it into Equation (7), the pitch D of the cylindrical lens array is calculated to be 317.077 μm.

[0122]

[0123] S32. Determine the theoretical radius of curvature r of the cylindrical lens according to where f satisfies

[0124] where n1 is the refractive index of the cylindrical lens, n2 is the refractive index of the non-cylindrical lens region in the lens layer, and k is the defocus constant.

[0125] In a specific example, by setting each sub-pixel on the focal plane of the cylindrical lens, a light beam with the smallest light-emitting divergence angle can be obtained, thereby reducing the crosstalk between 3D views. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, when each sub-pixel is located on the focal plane of the cylindrical lens, according to the relational formula between the defocus amount constant and the focal length, the focal length f of the cylindrical lens is calculated to be 364 μm. Further, according to the determinant formula of the focal length of the cylindrical lens, for example, the cylindrical lens uses a resin material with a relatively high refractive index, and its refractive index n1 = 1.61, and the non-cylindrical lens area uses a material with a relatively low refractive index n2 = 1.0, so as to obtain the theoretical curvature radius r of the cylindrical lens to be 222 μm.

[0126] Therefore, the various parameters of the 3D display device obtained based on the above steps include: the target size A is 110 inches, the resolution is 7680×4320, the expected viewing distance is 4 - 6 m, the target main lobe angle ω is 50°, the unit pitch P of the pixel unit is 317.1 μm, the maximum number of sub-pixels N in the pixel island is 80, the sub-pixel pitch P sub in the pixel island is 3.964 μm, the spacing distance H is 546 μm, the cylindrical lens pitch D is 317.077 μm, the focal length f of the cylindrical lens is 364 μm, and the theoretical curvature radius r is 222 μm. Based on these parameters, it can not only meet the design requirements of a large main lobe viewing angle, but also achieve a structural design that highly matches the design requirements.

[0127] Furthermore, according to the relevant parameters obtained above (N = 80, P sub = 3.964 μm, H = 546 μm, D = 317.077 μm, r = 222 μm), modeling and simulation are carried out to obtain the light-emitting angle spectrum after refraction of each sub-pixel in the main lobe viewing angle as shown in Figure 8 . From the crosstalk amount schematic diagram corresponding to the theoretical curvature radius r shown in Figure 8 with r = 222 μm, it can be seen that for the 3D display device under this structure, the light beam at the edge viewing angle is gradually collimated, and the light beam at the central viewing angle is gradually divergent, resulting in an increase in the 3D crosstalk amount at the central viewing angle. By calculating from the light-emitting angle spectrum data and calculating the crosstalk according to the ratio of the incorrect view brightness to the correct view brightness integrated according to the pupil size, the crosstalk distribution between each viewing point is obtained as 90.6% - 94.5%.

[0128] In an alternative embodiment, the method further includes:

[0129] S33. Based on the theoretical curvature radius r, optimize the curvature radius of the cylindrical lens, and determine the optimal curvature radius of the optimized cylindrical lens when the crosstalk distribution between each viewing point is the smallest.

[0130] In an embodiment of the present invention, the theoretical radius of curvature is further optimized to further achieve a low crosstalk design of the 3D display device on the basis of realizing a large main lobe viewing angle design. In an alternative embodiment, step S33 includes:

[0131] S331 Set a preset range of the radius of curvature.

[0132] In a specific example, the preset range of the radius of curvature may use the theoretical radius of curvature as the center point to set a threshold of the radius of curvature. For example, it is searched whether there is an optimal radius of curvature within the range of 222 ± 100 μm. In another specific example, the preset range of the radius of curvature may also be from small to large, for example, the preset range is (0, +∞).

[0133] Those skilled in the art can select the corresponding preset range according to the actual application to search for the optimal radius, which will not be elaborated here.

[0134] S332 Calculate the illuminance distribution of each sub-pixel after passing through the cylindrical lens within the target main lobe angle for the radius of curvature within the preset range.

[0135] In a specific example, the illuminance distribution at different radii of curvature can be obtained through simulation design using the optical product design and simulation software of Zemax.

[0136] S333 Calculate the crosstalk distribution between viewpoints according to the illuminance distribution.

[0137] S334 Select the radius of curvature corresponding to the minimum crosstalk distribution in the crosstalk distribution as the optimal radius of curvature r of the cylindrical lens opt .

[0138] In a specific example, after scanning the radius of curvature from small to large and calculating the crosstalk distribution, considering the crosstalk amount within the entire viewing angle, the optimal radius of curvature r opt is 266 μm when the overall crosstalk distribution of the visible space is the smallest. Specifically, the crosstalk distribution diagram at this optimal radius of curvature is as Figure 9 shown. Its crosstalk distribution is 20.4% - 64.2%, which has a significant improvement compared to the crosstalk distribution (90.6% - 94.5%) under the aforementioned theoretical radius. The 3D display device under this structure can not only meet the design requirements of a large main lobe viewing angle but also reduce the 3D distribution crosstalk, and has broad application prospects.

[0139] In another specific example, from the formula relationship between the defocus amount k, the focal length f of the cylindrical lens, and the radius of curvature, for example and it can be known that:

[0140] When the radius of curvature changes from the theoretical radius of curvature to the optimal radius of curvature, the defocus constant k changes to the optimal defocus amount accordingly. Therefore, this step S44 further includes determining the optimal defocus amount k according to the optimal radius of curvature. opt , so as to further obtain a more accurate structural design.

[0141] Based on the various parameters of the 3D display device obtained in the above process of the embodiment of the present invention, first, the relevant parameters of the pixel unit are designed according to multiple target design parameters, then the design of the spacing distance between the lens layer and the pixel unit is further carried out, and finally the design of the lens layer is carried out. The whole process is fast and efficient. The obtained parameter sizes can not only meet the large design requirements, but also achieve low crosstalk. Moreover, the whole 3D display device has a compact structure, realizes the optimal performance design, and has a wide application prospect.

[0142] The design method of the embodiment of the present invention is not only applied to the 3D display device as Figure 1 shown. In an alternative embodiment, the design method of the embodiment of the present invention can also be applied to the Figure 10 structural design as shown. As Figure 10 shown, each of the cylindrical lenses is provided to include a first cylindrical lens portion 1211 and a second cylindrical lens portion 1212 arranged along the light-emitting direction. The first cylindrical lens portion 1211 and the second cylindrical lens portion 1212 are symmetrically arranged with respect to the plane parallel to the display panel. In an alternative embodiment, a black matrix is provided between adjacent cylindrical lenses in the 3D display device of the embodiment of the present invention. For example, black matrices 131 are provided between adjacent first cylindrical lens portions 1211 and between adjacent second cylindrical lens portions 1212 to prevent light leakage.

[0143] In the embodiment of the present invention, a symmetric cylindrical lens is adopted, which has a simple structure. The radius of curvature of the first cylindrical lens portion and the second cylindrical lens portion is the same, and the two are symmetrically arranged with respect to the plane parallel to the display panel. This structure can correct coma and improve the beam collimation.

[0144] In a specific example, after obtaining the theoretical radius of curvature r = 222 μm and performing the optimization of step S4, the radius of curvature corresponding to the minimum crosstalk distribution in the crosstalk distribution is selected as 266 μm, that is, the optimal radius of curvature r opt obtained by optimization under this structure is 266 μm. As Figure 11 shown, the overall crosstalk distribution of the visible space of the 3D display device under this structure is further reduced, and its crosstalk distribution is 3.2% - 32.5%. It can not only meet the large design requirements, but also achieve low crosstalk, and the performance realizes the optimal design.

[0145] In another specific example, the radius of curvature of the symmetrically arranged first cylindrical lens portion and second cylindrical lens portion in the embodiment of the present invention can be set to different radii of curvature, that is, the first cylindrical lens portion and the second cylindrical lens portion are still symmetric about a plane parallel to the display panel, and the radius of curvature of the cylindrical lens of the first cylindrical lens portion is r1, and the radius of curvature of the cylindrical lens of the second cylindrical lens portion is r2. The two radii of curvature are not the same, and the radius of curvature of each cylindrical lens can be optimized respectively to obtain the optimal radius of curvature.

[0146] Another embodiment of the present invention provides a 3D display device obtained by using the above design method, as Figure 1 shown, the 3D display device includes a display panel 11 and a lens layer 12 disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel 11. The lens layer 12 includes a plurality of cylindrical lenses 121 arranged in a first direction. The display panel 11 includes pixel units 111 arranged corresponding to the plurality of cylindrical lenses. Each pixel unit includes a plurality of pixel islands arranged in the second direction, and each pixel island includes at least one row of sub-pixels of the same color arranged in the first direction.

[0147] For the 3D display device obtained by using the design method of the present invention, each structure matches with each other, and the interval distance between the pixel units, between the pixel units and the lens layer, and the parameter structure of the lens layer can all meet the requirements of the target design parameters. It can not only achieve the design requirements of a large main lobe viewing angle, but also achieve low crosstalk performance under this design requirement, and has broad application prospects.

[0148] In an alternative embodiment, as Figure 6 shown, each pixel island (1110R, 1110G, 1110B) includes a plurality of sub-pixels 1111. The sub-pixels are arranged in multiple rows in the second direction, and the projections of the sub-pixels arranged in multiple rows on the display panel do not overlap, so as to achieve the maximum quantization of pixel arrangement under the resolution requirement.

[0149] In an alternative embodiment, as Figure 6 shown, the projections of the sub-pixels arranged in multiple rows in the first direction form visually continuous light emission to display a continuous image and eliminate visual black spots.

[0150] In an alternative embodiment, as Figure 1 shown, the device further includes: a black matrix 131 disposed between adjacent cylindrical lenses 121. The black matrix is correspondingly disposed with a pixel defining layer 112 that defines the pixel unit 111 for preventing light leakage.

[0151] In an alternative embodiment, as Figure 10As shown, each of the cylindrical lenses includes a first cylindrical lens portion 1211 and a second cylindrical lens portion 1212 arranged along the light-emitting direction, and the first cylindrical lens portion 1211 and the second cylindrical lens portion 1212 are symmetrically arranged parallel to the surface of the display panel.

[0152] Since the 3D display device provided by the embodiments of the present invention corresponds to the design methods provided by the above several embodiments, the previous embodiments are also applicable to the 3D display device provided by this embodiment, and will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0153] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly explaining the present invention, rather than limitations on the embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other different forms of changes or variations can be made based on the above description. It is impossible to list all the embodiments here. Any obvious changes or variations derived from the technical solutions of the present invention are still within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A design method for a 3D display device, characterized in that the 3D display device includes a display panel and a lens layer disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel, wherein the lens layer includes a plurality of cylindrical lenses arranged along a first direction, and the display panel includes pixel units arranged corresponding to the plurality of cylindrical lenses, and each pixel unit includes a plurality of pixel islands arranged along a second direction, and each pixel island includes at least one row of sub-pixels of the same color arranged along the first direction; the method includes: Based on the target size and target resolution of the display panel, determining physical parameters of the pixel unit; Based on the physical parameters of the pixel unit and the target main lobe angle, determining the spacing distance between the surface of the lens layer facing away from the light-emitting side of the display panel and the surface of the pixel unit facing the light-emitting side; Based on the physical parameters of the pixel unit, the spacing distance, and the target viewing distance, determining physical parameters of the lens layer; wherein, the determining the physical parameters of the pixel unit based on the target size and target resolution of the display panel includes: According to , determine the cell pitch P between adjacent pixel units, where the target resolution is m×n, A is the target size, and the unit of the target size A is inch; According to , determine the maximum number of sub-pixels included in each pixel island N , where ω is the target main lobe angle,[[]] L max is the expected farthest viewing distance, and d is the pupil distance of the human eye; According to , determine the sub-pixel pitch P between adjacent sub-pixels in each pixel island sub ; wherein, the determining the spacing distance between the surface of the lens layer facing away from the light-emitting side of the display panel and the surface of the pixel unit facing the light-emitting side based on the physical parameters of the pixel unit and the target main lobe angle includes: According to , determine the spacing distance between the lens layer and the pixel unit H , where the H / n in n is the refractive index of the transparent spacer between the lens layer and the display device; wherein, the determining the physical parameters of the lens layer based on the physical parameters of the pixel unit, the spacing distance, and the optimal target viewing distance includes: According to , determine the cylindrical lens pitch between adjacent cylindrical lenses D , where is the optimal target viewing distance; According to , determine the theoretical radius of curvature of the cylindrical lens r , where f is satisfied when the sub-pixel is disposed on the focal plane of the cylindrical lens , and where the is the refractive index of the cylindrical lens, is the refractive index of the non-cylindrical lens region in the lens layer, k is the defocus constant.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method further includes: Set the N sub-pixels included in each pixel island to be arranged in multiple rows along the second direction, and the projections of the sub-pixels arranged in multiple rows on the display panel do not overlap.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein The method further includes: Setting multiple rows of sub-pixels with non-overlapping projections on the display panel to form visually continuous light emission in the projection in the first direction.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein The determining the physical parameters of the lens layer based on the physical parameters of the pixel unit, the spacing distance, and the optimal target viewing distance further includes: Based on the theoretical radius of curvature r, optimizing the radius of curvature of the cylindrical lens, and determining the optimal radius of curvature of the optimized cylindrical lens when the crosstalk distribution between viewpoints is minimized.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein Based on the theoretical radius of curvature r , optimizing the radius of curvature of the cylindrical lens, and determining the optimal radius of curvature of the optimized cylindrical lens when the crosstalk distribution among each viewing point is minimized, including: Setting a preset range of the radius of curvature; Calculating the illuminance distribution of each sub-pixel after passing through the cylindrical lens within the target main lobe angle for the radius of curvature within the preset range; Calculating the crosstalk distribution between viewpoints according to the illuminance distribution; Select the radius of curvature corresponding to the minimum crosstalk distribution in the crosstalk distribution as the optimal radius of curvature r of the cylindrical lens opt .

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Each of the cylindrical lenses is provided to include a first cylindrical lens portion and a second cylindrical lens portion arranged along the light-emitting direction, and the first cylindrical lens portion and the second cylindrical lens portion are symmetrically arranged with respect to a plane parallel to the display panel.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein The method further includes: arranging a black matrix between the cylindrical lenses.

8. A 3D display device obtained by using the design method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The 3D display device includes a display panel and a lens layer disposed on the light-emitting side of the display panel, wherein the lens layer includes a plurality of cylindrical lenses arranged along a first direction, and the display panel includes pixel units arranged corresponding to the plurality of cylindrical lenses, and each pixel unit includes a plurality of pixel islands arranged along the second direction, and each pixel island includes at least one row of sub-pixels of the same color arranged along the first direction.

9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that Each pixel island includes a plurality of sub-pixels, and the plurality of sub-pixels are arranged in multiple rows along the second direction, wherein the projections of the sub-pixels arranged in multiple rows on the display panel do not overlap.

10. The device according to claim 9, wherein the projections of the sub-pixels arranged in multiple non-overlapping rows on the display panel are visually continuously illuminated in the first direction.

11. The device according to claim 10, characterized in that, Each of the cylindrical lenses includes a first cylindrical lens portion and a second cylindrical lens portion arranged along the light-emitting direction, and the first cylindrical lens portion and the second cylindrical lens portion are symmetrically arranged with respect to the plane parallel to the display panel.

12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that, The device further includes: a black matrix disposed between adjacent cylindrical lenses.

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