Cooling device for supercapacitors and use thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a cooling device for supercapacitors and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of supercapacitor cooling, which can avoid leakage and meet the requirement of rapid heat transfer. The cooling device for supercapacitors comprises a body, porous material and phase change material arranged in the body; the body is provided with an inner cavity for placing supercapacitors in the center; the body further comprises an outer cavity arranged around the inner cavity, and the porous material and the phase change material are arranged in the outer cavity; the gasification temperature of the phase change material is less than or equal to 85 DEG C, and the melting point is less than or equal to -40 DEG C; and the mass ratio of the porous material to the phase change material is greater than or equal to 1:1.5.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of supercapacitor cooling technology, specifically relating to a cooling device for supercapacitors and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, heat dissipation systems for energy storage devices include air cooling, liquid cooling, and phase change cooling. Air cooling utilizes airflow to remove heat; however, air has a low heat transfer coefficient and transfers heat slowly. Compared to air cooling, liquid cooling has a high heat transfer coefficient and fast heat transfer, but liquid systems cannot completely prevent liquid leakage, which can easily cause power leakage and short circuits. Phase change cooling utilizes the latent heat of phase change to absorb a large amount of heat from the energy storage device, thereby dissipating heat and cooling the device to maintain it within a suitable operating temperature range.

[0003] Existing phase change cooling methods are ineffective at dissipating heat and controlling temperature in supercapacitors under high-frequency, high-power charging and discharging conditions. Therefore, developing an efficient cooling method for supercapacitors based on the unique thermal properties of phase change materials is a core issue in the thermal management of supercapacitors in current power systems. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, the present invention provides a cooling device for supercapacitors and its application therein, which can avoid leakage and meet the requirements of rapid heat transfer.

[0005] To this end, the present invention provides the following technical solution.

[0006] A cooling device for a supercapacitor includes a body and a porous material and a phase change material disposed within the body;

[0007] The main body has an inner cavity at its center for placing a supercapacitor;

[0008] The body also includes an outer cavity surrounding the inner cavity, and the porous material and phase change material are disposed in the outer cavity; the vaporization temperature of the phase change material is ≤85℃ and the melting point is ≤-40℃.

[0009] The mass ratio of the porous material to the phase change material is greater than 1:1.5.

[0010] Preferably, the boiling point of the phase change material is 30–55°C.

[0011] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the porous material to the phase change material is 1:(0.5~1.5).

[0012] Furthermore, the diameter of the inner cavity is equal to the outer diameter of the supercapacitor.

[0013] Furthermore, the specific surface area of ​​the porous material is 1000–2100 m².2 / g, pore volume of 0.2~1.5cm 3 / g, average pore size is 1.5-5nm, D50 is 3-10μm.

[0014] Furthermore, the material of the body is metal; optionally, the material of the body is at least one of aluminum, copper, or iron.

[0015] Furthermore, the porous material is porous carbon;

[0016] Optionally, the porous carbon is activated carbon, carbon aerogel, graphene, or carbon nanotubes.

[0017] Furthermore, the phase change material is at least one of acetonitrile, acetone, ethanol, and diethyl ether.

[0018] Furthermore, the distance between the outer wall and the inner wall of the body is 3 to 10 mm.

[0019] Application of cooling devices in supercapacitors.

[0020] Furthermore, the supercapacitor is a double-layer capacitor, a hybrid capacitor, a lithium-ion capacitor, or a battery capacitor.

[0021] The technical solution of this invention has the following advantages:

[0022] 1. The cooling device for a supercapacitor provided by the present invention includes a body and a porous material and a phase change material disposed within the body; the body has an inner cavity at its center for placing the supercapacitor; the body also includes an outer cavity surrounding the inner cavity, and the porous material and the phase change material are disposed within the outer cavity; the vaporization temperature of the phase change material is ≤85℃, and the melting point is ≤-40℃; the mass ratio of the porous material to the phase change material is greater than 1:1.5.

[0023] This invention combines a phase change material with a porous material, storing the liquid phase within the pores of the porous material. This helps prevent liquid phase leakage and addresses volume changes during the phase change process. While supercapacitors can operate at temperatures as low as -40°C, the phase change material of this invention exhibits good fluidity, remaining liquid at low temperatures and gaseous at high temperatures. Even with the high charging and discharging power and rapid heat transfer rate of supercapacitors, the cooling device of this invention can still ensure temperature uniformity across all parts of the supercapacitor.

[0024] The mass ratio of the porous material to the phase change material is greater than or equal to 1:1.5. Excessive phase change material can lead to vapor pressure, causing the cooling device to expand and deform, and also worsening heat dissipation. Therefore, this invention limits the ratio to 1:1.5 or greater.

[0025] Furthermore, the cooling device of this invention has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture. It facilitates heat transfer from supercapacitors and has high cooling efficiency.

[0026] 2. In the cooling device for the supercapacitor provided by the present invention, the mass ratio of the porous material to the phase change material is 1:(0.5~1.5). Excessive porous material will cause the phase change material to be completely absorbed by the porous material, thus binding it and preventing phase change. This results in poor heat exchange in the cooling device and reduced cooling effect.

[0027] 3. The cooling device for the supercapacitor provided by the present invention, wherein the specific surface area of ​​the porous material is 1000-2100 m². 2 / g, pore volume of 0.2~1.5cm 3 The activated carbon has a per-g, average pore size of 1.5–5 nm, and a D50 diameter of 3–10 μm. This type of activated carbon exhibits the best absorption capacity for phase change materials, absorbing the most phase change materials per unit volume.

[0028] 4. In the cooling device for the supercapacitor provided by the present invention, the distance between the outer wall and the inner wall of the main body is 3 to 10 mm. If the gap is too small, the amount of phase change cooling material stored will be too small, and the temperature control effect will be poor. If the gap exceeds 10 mm, the temperature control effect will be uniform, and the cost performance will be low. Attached Figure Description

[0029] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the cooling device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cooling device of the present invention during testing.

[0032] Figure label:

[0033] 1-Body; 2-Inner cavity; 3-Outer cavity; 4-Porous material containing phase change material; 5-Distance between the outer wall of the body and the inner cavity wall; 6-Supercapacitor; 601-Positive electrode; 602-Negative electrode; 7-Positive electrode sensor; 8-Negative electrode sensor; 9-Central sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The following embodiments are provided to better understand the present invention and are not limited to the preferred embodiments described. They do not constitute a limitation on the content and scope of protection of the present invention. Any product that is the same as or similar to the present invention, derived by any person under the guidance of the present invention or by combining the features of the present invention with other prior art, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0035] For experiments not specifically described in the examples, the procedures or conditions should be followed according to the conventional experimental procedures described in the literature in this field. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all commercially available conventional reagent products.

[0036] Example 1

[0037] This embodiment provides a cooling device for supercapacitors, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a body 1 and a porous material and a phase change material disposed within the body 1; the body 1 has an inner cavity 2 at its center for placing a supercapacitor 6; the body 1 also includes an outer cavity 3 surrounding the inner cavity 2, and a porous material 4 containing the phase change material is disposed within the outer cavity 3.

[0038] The porous material in this embodiment has a specific surface area of ​​1700 m². 2 / g, pore volume 0.73cm 3 A carbon aerogel material with an average pore size of 2.1 nm and a D50 of 5 μm, using acetone as the phase change material, and a mass ratio of carbon aerogel to acetone of 1:1.2.

[0039] The distance between the outer wall and the inner cavity wall of the body is 4mm. The body is made of copper.

[0040] First, carbon aerogel material is filled into the outer cavity, and then acetone is injected into the outer cavity to allow the carbon aerogel to completely absorb the acetone.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] This embodiment provides a cooling device for supercapacitors, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a body 1 and a porous material and a phase change material disposed within the body 1; the body 1 has an inner cavity 2 at its center for placing a supercapacitor 6; the body 1 also includes an outer cavity 3 surrounding the inner cavity 2, and a porous material 4 containing the phase change material is disposed within the outer cavity 3.

[0043] In this embodiment, the porous material has a specific surface area of ​​1940 m². 2 / g, pore volume 1.35cm 3 The graphene has a per-g, average pore size of 4nm, and a D50 of 5μm. The phase change material is ethanol, and the mass ratio of graphene to ethanol is 1:1.5.

[0044] The distance between the outer wall and the inner cavity wall of the body is 3mm. The body is made of copper.

[0045] First, graphene is filled into the outer cavity, and then ethanol is injected into the outer cavity so that the graphene can completely adsorb the ethanol.

[0046] Example 3

[0047] This embodiment provides a cooling device for supercapacitors, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a body 1 and a porous material and a phase change material disposed within the body 1; the body 1 has an inner cavity 2 at its center for placing a supercapacitor 6; the body 1 also includes an outer cavity 3 surrounding the inner cavity 2, and a porous material 4 containing the phase change material is disposed within the outer cavity 3.

[0048] The porous material in this embodiment has a specific surface area of ​​1500 m². 2 / g, pore volume 0.86cm 3 The activated carbon has an average pore size of 1.8 nm and a D50 of 5 μm, with acetonitrile as the phase change material and a mass ratio of activated carbon to acetonitrile of 1:0.5.

[0049] The distance between the outer wall and the inner wall of the body is 5mm. The body is made of copper.

[0050] First, fill the outer cavity with activated carbon, and then inject acetonitrile into the outer cavity so that the activated carbon can completely adsorb the acetonitrile.

[0051] Example 4

[0052] This embodiment provides a cooling device for supercapacitors, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a body 1 and a porous material and a phase change material disposed within the body 1; the body 1 has an inner cavity 2 at its center for placing a supercapacitor 6; the body 1 also includes an outer cavity 3 surrounding the inner cavity 2, and a porous material 4 containing the phase change material is disposed within the outer cavity 3.

[0053] The porous material in this embodiment has a specific surface area of ​​1200 m². 2 / g, pore volume 0.5cm 3 / g of carbon nanotubes with an average pore size of 4nm and a D50 of 3μm, the phase change material being acetonitrile, with a mass ratio of carbon nanotubes to acetonitrile of 1:1.

[0054] The distance between the outer wall and the inner cavity wall of the body is 3mm. The body is made of copper.

[0055] First, carbon nanotubes are filled into the outer cavity, and then acetonitrile is injected into the outer cavity so that the carbon nanotubes completely adsorb the acetonitrile.

[0056] Example 5

[0057] This embodiment provides a cooling device for supercapacitors, such as... Figure 1 As shown, it includes a body and a porous material and a phase change material disposed within the body; the body has an inner cavity at its center for placing a supercapacitor; the body also includes an outer cavity surrounding the inner cavity, and the porous material and the phase change material are disposed within the outer cavity.

[0058] The porous material in this embodiment has a specific surface area of ​​1600 m². 2 / g, pore volume 0.72cm 3 / g of activated carbon with an average pore size of 2nm and a D50 of 8μm, the phase change material being diethyl ether, and the mass ratio of activated carbon to diethyl ether being 1:1.5.

[0059] The distance between the outer wall and the inner cavity wall of the body is 3mm. The body is made of copper.

[0060] First, fill the outer cavity with activated carbon, and then inject ether into the outer cavity so that the activated carbon can completely adsorb the ether.

[0061] Example 6

[0062] This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that in this embodiment, the mass ratio of carbon aerogel to acetone is 1:0.1.

[0063] Comparative Example 1

[0064] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that the phase change material in this comparative example is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate with a melting point of 17°C.

[0065] Comparative Example 2

[0066] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that the mass ratio of carbon aerogel to acetone in this comparative example is 1:2.

[0067] Test case

[0068] like Figure 2 As shown, the supercapacitor 6 is inserted into the inner cavity 2 of the cooling device in the embodiment and the comparative example. Figure 2 The upper middle section is the positive electrode 601 of the supercapacitor, and the lower end is the negative electrode 602. A positive electrode sensor 7, a middle section sensor 9, and a negative electrode sensor 8 are installed between the cooling device and the supercapacitor 6. High-rate charge-discharge cycle tests are performed on the supercapacitor 6, and the temperature changes of the positive, middle, and negative electrodes are recorded. The high-rate test ranges from 20°C to 200°C.

[0069] (1) The supercapacitors in Examples 1, 6, and Comparative Examples 1-2 were subjected to a 200C high-rate charge-discharge cycle test, and the temperature changes of the positive electrode, the middle part, and the negative electrode were recorded.

[0070] Without a cooling device, after 100 charge-discharge cycles at 200°C, the temperatures of the positive electrode, the middle electrode, and the negative electrode of the supercapacitor are 75.7°C, 74.3°C, and 75.4°C, respectively.

[0071] Under the condition of having the cooling device of Example 1, the temperatures of the positive electrode, the middle part, and the negative electrode after the first charge and discharge were 57.3°C, 56.5°C, and 57.1°C, respectively, with an average decrease of 18.1°C. After 100 cycles, the temperatures of the positive electrode, the middle part, and the negative electrode were 51.7°C, 50.1°C, and 51.5°C, respectively, with an average decrease of 24°C. The cooling effect was good, and the device was not damaged or leaked.

[0072] Under the condition of having the cooling device of Comparative Example 1, the temperatures of the positive electrode, the middle part, and the negative electrode after the first charge and discharge were 62.7℃, 67.2℃, and 70.2℃, respectively, with an average decrease of 8.4℃. After 100 cycles, the temperatures of the positive electrode, the middle part, and the negative electrode were 59.3℃, 63.5℃, and 67.1℃, respectively, with an average decrease of 11.8℃. The initial cooling effect was poor and the temperature was uneven.

[0073] Under the condition of having the cooling device of Example 6, the temperatures of the positive electrode, the middle part, and the negative electrode after the first charge and discharge were 61.3°C, 62.5°C, and 61.1°C, respectively, with an average decrease of 13.5°C. After 100 cycles, the temperatures of the positive electrode, the middle part, and the negative electrode were 55.7°C, 54.1°C, and 55.5°C, respectively, with an average decrease of 20°C. The cooling effect was worse than that of Example 1.

[0074] Under the condition of having the cooling device of Comparative Example 2, the temperatures of the positive electrode, the middle part, and the negative electrode after the first charge and discharge were 58.3℃, 57.5℃, and 58.1℃, respectively, with an average decrease of 17.2℃. After 100 cycles, the temperatures of the positive electrode, the middle part, and the negative electrode were 52.4℃, 53.2℃, and 51.3℃, respectively, with an average decrease of 22.8℃. The cooling effect was good and slightly lower than that of Example 1, but the cooling device showed expansion.

[0075] (2) The supercapacitors in Examples 2-5 were subjected to a 100C high-rate charge-discharge cycle test, and the temperature changes of the positive electrode, the middle part, and the negative electrode were recorded.

[0076] Without a cooling device, after 100 charge-discharge cycles at 100°C, the temperatures of the positive electrode, the middle electrode, and the negative electrode of the supercapacitor are 63.5°C, 62.1°C, and 64.2°C, respectively.

[0077] Under the condition of having the cooling device of Example 2, the temperatures of the positive electrode, the middle part, and the negative electrode after the first charge and discharge were 51.3°C, 52.1°C, and 52.2°C, respectively, with an average decrease of 11.4°C. After 100 cycles, the temperatures of the positive electrode, the middle part, and the negative electrode were 44.6°C, 43.9°C, and 45°C, respectively, with an average decrease of 18.8°C. The cooling effect was good, and the device was not damaged or leaked.

[0078] Under the condition of having the cooling device of Example 3, the temperatures of the positive electrode, the middle part, and the negative electrode after the first charge and discharge were 50.2°C, 50.4°C, and 51.4°C, respectively, with an average decrease of 12.6°C. After 100 cycles, the temperatures of the positive electrode, the middle part, and the negative electrode were 45.1°C, 44.3°C, and 45.2°C, respectively, with an average decrease of 18.4°C. The cooling effect was good, and the device was not damaged or leaked.

[0079] Under the condition of having the cooling device of Example 4, the temperatures of the positive electrode, the middle part, and the negative electrode after the first charge and discharge were 51.5℃, 50.9℃, and 52.1℃, respectively, with an average decrease of 11.8℃. After 100 cycles, the temperatures of the positive electrode, the middle part, and the negative electrode were 43.2℃, 42.8℃, and 44.2℃, respectively, with an average decrease of 19.9℃. The cooling effect was good, and the device was not damaged or leaked.

[0080] Under the condition of having the cooling device of Example 5, the temperatures of the positive electrode, the middle part, and the negative electrode after the first charge and discharge were 45.2°C, 44.3°C, and 46.1°C, respectively, with an average decrease of 18.1°C. After 100 cycles, the temperatures of the positive electrode, the middle part, and the negative electrode were 40.1°C, 39.8°C, and 39.9°C, respectively, with an average decrease of 23.3°C. The cooling effect was good, and the device was not damaged or leaked.

[0081] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A cooling device for a supercapacitor, characterized in that, Includes the main body and porous materials and phase change materials disposed within the main body; The main body has an inner cavity at its center for placing a supercapacitor; The body also includes an outer cavity surrounding the inner cavity, and the porous material and phase change material are disposed in the outer cavity; the vaporization temperature of the phase change material is ≤85℃ and the melting point is ≤-40℃. The mass ratio of the porous material to the phase change material is 1:(0.5~1.5); The distance between the outer wall and the inner wall of the body is 3 to 10 mm; The porous material is activated carbon, carbon aerogel, graphene, or carbon nanotubes; The phase change material is at least one of acetonitrile, acetone, ethanol, and diethyl ether; The specific surface area of ​​the porous material is 1000–2100 m². 2 / g, pore volume of 0.2~1.5cm 3 / g, average pore size is 1.5-5nm, D50 is 3-10μm.

2. The cooling device for a supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The diameter of the inner cavity is equal to the outer diameter of the supercapacitor.

3. The cooling device for a supercapacitor according to claim 2, characterized in that, The main body is made of metal.

4. The cooling device for a supercapacitor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The material of the body is at least one of aluminum, copper or iron.

5. The cooling device for a supercapacitor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The porous material is porous carbon.

6. The application of the cooling device according to any one of claims 1-5 in a supercapacitor.

7. In the application according to claim 6, the supercapacitor is a double-layer capacitor, a hybrid capacitor, a lithium-ion capacitor, or a battery capacitor.

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