Filter assembly with luer seal interface

Abstract

A filter assembly of a fluid filtration system includes a filter housing and a filter element. The filter housing includes an engagement member. The filter element includes a media pack and a seal member. The media pack includes a filter media configured to filter a fluid passing through the filter media. The seal member is coupled to the media pack and is engageable with the engagement member. The seal member is formed in a toroid shape.

Description

[0001] Cross Reference to Related Patent Applications

[0002] This application claims the benefit of and priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 056,857, filed July 27, 2020, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to filtration products. More particularly, the present disclosure relates to sealing interface geometry for filtration products.

[0004] BACKGROUND

[0005] In various applications, it is generally desirable to minimize the amount of particulate contamination in a fluid used to drive and lubricate an internal combustion engine. The amount of particulate contamination can be reduced by passing the fluid through a filter element or cartridge that traps solid particles entrained in the fluid.

[0006] SUMMARY

[0007] One embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a filter assembly. The filter assembly includes a filter housing and a filter element. The filter housing includes an engagement member. The filter element includes a media pack and a sealing member. The media pack includes a filter media configured to filter a fluid passing through the filter media. The sealing member is coupled to the media pack and is engageable with the engagement member. The sealing member is formed as a Reuleaux shape.

[0008] In some embodiments, the sealing member has an odd number of edges having substantially equal radii.

[0009] In some embodiments, a distance between two parallel lines positioned on opposite sides of the sealing member and engaging a perimeter of the sealing member is substantially equal at any location along the perimeter of the sealing member.

[0010] In some embodiments, the sealing member includes a curved edge at each vertex of the Reuleaux shape and a side edge between each curved edge, and wherein a ratio between a radius of at least one of the curved edges and a radius of at least one of the side edges is in a range of about 0 to 0.5.

[0011] In some embodiments, the sealing member defines a central opening, and wherein a cross-section through the sealing member along a radial reference plane that is substantially parallel to and extends through a central axis of the central opening is formed as the Reuleaux shape.

[0012] In some embodiments, the sealing member defines a central opening, and wherein an overall shape of the sealing member along a plane extending through the sealing member and oriented perpendicular to a central axis of the central opening is formed into the lemniscate shape.

[0013] In some embodiments, the sealing member is angled relative to a first reference plane oriented perpendicular to a central axis of the filter element.

[0014] In some embodiments, the sealing member includes a truncation along an outer perimeter of the sealing member.

[0015] In some embodiments, the filter element further includes an end cap coupled to an axial end of the media pack, the end cap including a base and an extension extending axially away from the base, the sealing member being coupled to the extension.

[0016] In some embodiments, the extension is formed into the lemniscate shape.

[0017] In some embodiments, the lemniscate shape has a substantially constant cross-sectional width.

[0018] Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a filter element. The filter element includes a media pack and a sealing member. The media pack includes a filter media configured to filter a fluid passing through the filter media. The sealing member is coupled to the media pack. The sealing member is engageable with a filter housing to substantially prevent fluid flow through an interface between the sealing member and the filter housing. The sealing member is formed into a lemniscate shape.

[0019] In some embodiments, the sealing member has an odd number of edges having substantially equal radii.

[0020] In some embodiments, the sealing member includes a curved edge at each vertex of the lemniscate shape and a side edge between each curved edge, and wherein a ratio between a radius of at least one of the curved edges and a radius of at least one of the side edges is in a range of about 0 to 0.5.

[0021] In some embodiments, the sealing member defines a central opening, and wherein a cross-section of the sealing member along a radial reference plane extending through the sealing member is formed into the lemniscate shape, the radial reference plane being substantially parallel to and extending through a central axis of the central opening.

[0022] In some embodiments, the sealing member is angled relative to a first reference plane oriented perpendicular to a central axis of the filter element.

[0023] In some embodiments, the lero shape has a substantially constant cross-sectional width.

[0024] Another embodiment of the present disclosure relates to a filter housing. The filter housing includes a sidewall, an end wall, and an engagement member. The sidewall and the end wall together define an internal cavity. The end wall is disposed at a first end of the sidewall. The engagement member is coupled to the end wall. The engagement member is configured to sealingly engage a sealing member of a filter element. The engagement member is formed in a lero shape.

[0025] In some embodiments, the engagement member includes a flange extending axially away from the end wall and toward the internal cavity.

[0026] In some embodiments, the sidewall defines an access opening and a first opening, and the end wall defines a second opening.

[0027] In some embodiments, the lero shape has an odd number of sides, and wherein each side of the lero shape has a substantially equal radius.

[0028] In some embodiments, the engagement member includes a curved edge at each vertex of the lero shape and a side edge between each curved edge, and wherein a ratio between a radius of at least one of the curved edges and a radius of at least one of the side edges is in a range of about 0 to 0.5.

[0029] In some embodiments, the lero shape has a substantially constant cross-sectional width. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0031] The details of one or more implementations are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the disclosure will become apparent from the description, the drawings, and the claims, in which:

[0032] Figure 1A is a perspective view of an example air filter element having an inward-facing sealing member;

[0033] Figure 1B is a cross-sectional view of an example air cleaner housing for use with Figure 1A the air filter element of

[0034] Figure 2 is a construction line diagram for a first example shape having a constant width;

[0035] Figure 3 is a second example shape having a constant width;

[0036] Figure 4 is a third example shape having a constant width;

[0037] Figure 5A is a construction line map for a three-dimensional shape having a constant width;

[0038] Figure 5B is a variety of example three-dimensional shapes having a constant width;

[0039] Figure 5C is a construction line map for a fourth example shape having a constant width;

[0040] Figure 6 is a perspective view of another example air filter element having an inward-facing sealing member;

[0041] Figure 7 is a perspective view of an example air filter element having an outward-facing sealing member;

[0042] Figure 8 is a perspective view of an example air filter element having an axially-facing sealing member;

[0043] Figure 9 is a top perspective view of an example axial flow filter element;

[0044] Figure 10 is a bottom perspective view of an axial flow filter element of Figure 9

[0045] Figure 11 is a perspective view of an example filter element cartridge including a sealing gasket;

[0046] Figure 12 is a perspective view of another example filter element cartridge including a sealing gasket that is integrally formed with an end cap;

[0047] Figure 13 is a perspective view of another example filter element cartridge including an inward-facing sealing member;

[0048] Figure 14 is a perspective view of an example spin-on filter element cartridge;

[0049] Figure 15 is a perspective view of another example filter element having a filter media pack in the shape of a racetrack;

[0050] Figure 16 is a perspective view of another example filter element having a filter media pack in the shape of a rectangle;

[0051] Figure 17 is a perspective view of a square cut gasket formed in a constant width Luer-Lock shape;

[0052] Figure 18 ​is a perspective view of a gasket having a toroid cross-section formed in a circular shape;

[0053] Figure 19 is Figure 18 a cross-sectional view of the gasket of the filter element;

[0054] Figure 20 is a perspective view of another filter element having an axially facing sealing member;

[0055] Figure 21 is Figure 20 a cross-sectional view of the gasket of the filter element;

[0056] Figure 22 is a perspective view of another filter element having an end cap with a non-circular shape of constant width;

[0057] Figure 23 is Figure 22 a top view of the end cap of

[0058] Figure 24 is a perspective view of another example filter element including an angled sealing gasket;

[0059] Figure 25 is Figure 24 a side view of the filter element of

[0060] Figure 26 is a top view of another example filter element including a truncated sealing gasket;

[0061] Figure 27 is a perspective view of another example filter element including a truncated and angled sealing gasket;

[0062] Figure 28 is a perspective view of another example filter element cartridge including an angled sealing gasket;

[0063] Figure 29 is a side view of another example filter element cartridge including a plurality of angled sealing gaskets;

[0064] Figure 30 is a partial perspective view of an example air cleaner assembly;

[0065] Figure 31 is Figure 30 a partial front view of the air cleaner assembly of

[0066] Figure 32 is Figure 30 a side cross-sectional view of the air cleaner assembly of

[0067] Figure 33 is Figure 30perspective view of a primary filter element of an air cleaner assembly of

[0068] Figure 34 is Figure 33 top view of a primary filter element of

[0069] Figure 35 is Figure 30 perspective view of a secondary filter element of an air cleaner assembly of

[0070] Figure 36 is Figure 35 front view of a secondary filter element of

[0071] Figure 37 is Figure 30 perspective view of a housing of an air cleaner assembly of

[0072] Figure 38 is Figure 37 front view of a housing of

[0073] Figure 39 is a perspective view of another secondary filter element.

[0074] It is recognized that some or all of the drawings are schematic representations for purposes of illustration. The intent is to provide an understanding of one or more embodiments and not to provide a detailed description of the application.

[0075] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0076] The following is a more detailed description of various concepts related to and embodiments of methods, devices, and systems for sealing filter elements to fluid filtration systems. The various concepts introduced above and discussed in greater detail below can be implemented in any of a variety of ways, because the described concepts are not limited to any particular manner of implementation. The specific embodiments and examples introduced above and discussed in greater detail below are intended to illustrate the various concepts and are not intended to limit the scope of the application.

[0077] I. OVERVIEW

[0078] Internal combustion engine systems require clean fluids (e.g., fuel, air, oil, etc.) to drive and / or lubricate the engine. Unfiltered fluids can include dirt, metal particles, and other solid contaminants that can damage engine components (e.g., fuel injectors, cylinder rings, pistons, etc.). To protect engine components, many internal combustion engine systems include a filtration system that filters incoming and / or recirculating fluids to remove any solid matter before passing the fluids to the engine. The filtration system can include a housing, a filter head, and a filter element. In operation, the filtration system directs fluids through the filter element, which includes a media that traps any solid particles entrained in the fluids. The filtration system can also include a sealing element and / or interface to sealingly engage the filter element to the housing and / or filter head and substantially prevent solid matter from bypassing the filter element. It is generally desirable to remove as many contaminants from the fluids as possible without significantly affecting the pressure drop of the overall fluid flow system. The performance of the filtration system depends on, among other factors, the structure of the filter element and the materials used to construct the filter element (e.g., the material of the filter media used to produce the filter element), the specifications of the filter media pack (e.g., the flow area of the filter media pack, the pleat depth of the filter media pack), and other factors.

[0079] Over time, the accumulation of particles (e.g., carbon, dirt, metal particles, etc.) on the filter element can increase the pressure drop of the overall filter element (and, correspondingly, the pressure drop of the overall fluid delivery and / or recirculation system of the engine). To reduce the pressure drop, the filter element can be removed from the filtration system and replaced with a clean filter element. In some cases, a user can choose to replace the filter element with a non-genuine filter element; for example, to reduce maintenance costs. However, the filtration performance of non-genuine filter elements can be significantly lower than OEM filter elements. Over time, operation with non-genuine filter elements can cause damage to the injectors and / or other parts of the engine, resulting in decreased engine performance.

[0080] Embodiments herein relate to methods and systems that include unique seal element geometries and / or seal interface geometries between filter elements and other portions of a filtration system. In particular, embodiments herein relate to seal interface geometries that are formed into a Luer shape, which is a closed convex curve having a constant cross-sectional width between two parallel lines on opposite sides of the Luer shape. Among various benefits, use of a Luer shape can help prevent use of non-OEM filter elements, which can cause damage to various engine components that further result in increased warranty costs. The Luer shape can be applied to various filtration products (e.g., air filtration, fuel filtration, lube oil filtration, crankcase ventilation, etc.) across different product lines without significantly altering the design of the filtration products. Moreover, the size of the Luer shape can be scaled infinitely to accommodate different applications and / or filtration products across a product line without requiring extensive changes to existing components. Because the number of Luer shapes is also infinite, the number of unique seal interface variations that can be applied to different filtration products is also unlimited.

[0081] In some embodiments, the Luer geometry can be applied to a seal element and / or seal interface that at least partially defines an inlet opening and / or an outlet opening of a filter element. Because the Luer shape has a constant cross-sectional width between the parallel lines on opposite sides of the Luer shape, use of a Luer shape can minimize flow restriction relative to other non-circular cross-sectional shapes for an equivalent flow area (e.g., the hydraulic diameter and / or the ratio of flow area to perimeter of the Luer shape is greater than other non-circular shapes). Circular tubes can also be more easily adapted to transition to a Luer shape (e.g., a tube that transitions from a circular shape to a Luer shape) without significantly impacting the pressure drop across the tube as compared to other non-circular shapes. Moreover, the Luer shape facilitates “clocking” (e.g., rotational alignment) between the filter element and the filter housing, which can be important in some embodiments and cannot be achieved by a circular shaped seal interface by itself.

[0082] In some embodiments, the seal element is a gasket that is formed into a Luer shape (e.g., a closed convex curve having a central opening, where the closed curve forms the Luer shape). The cross-section of the gasket (e.g., a cross-section taken through the gasket along a plane that is substantially parallel to and extends through a central axis of the central opening) can also be formed into a Luer shape. Forming a gasket with a Luer-shaped cross-section ensures a constant cross-sectional thickness of the gasket (subject to standard manufacturing tolerances), which promotes uniform contact between the gasket and a sealing surface. The constant cross-sectional thickness also ensures a consistent spacing between the filter element and the housing when different shapes (e.g., different Luer shapes having the same thickness) are used.

[0083] II. Example filter element

[0084] Figure 1A is a perspective view of a first example filter element 100 of a filtration system. The filter element 100 is an air filter element for filtering air entering an internal combustion engine to prevent dust particles, insects, dirt, and other contaminants from entering the internal combustion engine. In other embodiments, the filter element can be another type of filter for cleaning incoming and / or recirculating fluid. For example, the filter element can be a fuel filter for removing contaminants (e.g., water and / or solid particles) from fuel (e.g., diesel fuel, gasoline, etc.) used to power the engine, an oil filter for filtering lubricating oil that is partially recirculated through the internal combustion engine system, a crankcase ventilation filter for removing oil (e.g., aerosol vapor and oil droplets) and other contaminants from crankcase blow-by gas, or other filter types. In some embodiments, the filter element can be part of a filtration system for a non-engine application, such as a hydraulic system or any other application that uses fluid that must be cleared of contaminants and debris.

[0085] The filter element 100 Figure 1A is sized and shaped to be received within (e.g., within the hollow portion 202 of) a filter housing 200 Figure 1B and is detachably coupled to the filter housing 200. As shown, the filter element 100 is a replaceable filter cartridge that is periodically replaced as the filter element 100 becomes loaded with dirt and other contaminants. The filter element 100 includes a media pack 102, a first end cap 104 disposed at a first end 106 of the media pack 102, and a second end cap 108 disposed at a second end 110 of the media pack 102 opposite the first end 106. Figure 1A

[0086] Figure 1A ​The filter element 100 is a cylindrical filter cartridge having a cylindrical media pack (shown as media pack 102). In other embodiments, the filter element 100 and / or the media pack 102 can have a different cross-sectional shape. The media pack 102 includes filter media 112 configured to filter particulate matter and / or other contaminants from a fluid flowing therethrough, thereby producing a filtered fluid (e.g., a clean fluid). The filter media 112 can include a porous material having a predetermined pore size. The filter media 112 can include a paper-based filter media, a fiber-based filter media, a foam-based filter media, or the like. The filter media 112 can be pleated or formed into another desired shape to increase the flow through the media pack 102 or otherwise alter the particulate removal efficiency of the filter element 100. The filter element 100 can be arranged as an outside-in flow filter element having an outer dirty side and an inner clean side. In an alternative arrangement, the filter element 100 is an inside-out filter element having an inner dirty side and an outer clean side. Fluid to be filtered flows from the dirty side of the filter element 100 to the clean side of the filter element 100. In Figure 1A In embodiments, the filter element 100 is a radial flow filter element in which flow passes through the media pack 102 in a substantially radial direction. In other embodiments, the media pack 102 can be arranged such that flow passes through the media pack 102 in an axial direction (e.g., a longitudinal direction parallel to the central axis 116) or at least partially in an axial direction.

[0087] In some embodiments, the media pack 102 is formed of a plurality of filter media in a cross-tetrahedron form. The media pack extends axially (e.g., along an axial direction) between an upstream inlet and a downstream outlet along a plurality of curved lines. The curved lines taper in a transverse direction. In one embodiment, the curved lines include a first set of curved lines extending axially from the upstream inlet toward the downstream outlet, and a second set of curved lines extending axially from the downstream outlet toward the upstream inlet. The media pack can have a plurality of wall segments extending in a serpentine manner between the curved lines that extend axially and define a common volume therebetween. The common volume can have a height along a transverse direction (e.g., a direction perpendicular to the axial direction) and a lateral width along a lateral direction (e.g., a direction perpendicular to both the axial direction and the transverse direction). At least some of the curved lines can taper in the transverse direction as the curved lines extend axially in the axial direction. The wall segments extending in the serpentine manner can define a laterally extending serpentine span including a first wall segment laterally adjacent a second wall segment and joined to the second wall segment by a first curved line. The wall segments can continue in the serpentine manner along the serpentine span to a third wall segment laterally adjacent the second wall segment and joined to the second wall segment by a second curved line, and so on along the serpentine span. The serpentine span can extend along the lateral direction such that the taper of the curved lines tapering in the transverse direction is perpendicular to the serpentine span along the lateral direction. The wall segments can include a first set of wall segments alternatingly sealed to one another at the upstream inlet to define a first set of forms having open upstream ends, and a second set of forms intersecting the first set of forms and having closed upstream ends. The wall segments can include a second set of wall segments alternatingly sealed to one another at the downstream outlet to define a third set of forms having closed downstream ends, and a fourth set of forms intersecting the third set of forms and having open downstream ends. The first set of curved lines can include a first subset of curved lines defining the first set of forms, and a second subset of curved lines defining the second set of forms. The second subset of curved lines can taper in the transverse direction as the second subset of curved lines extends axially from the upstream inlet toward the downstream outlet. The second set of curved lines can include a third subset of curved lines defining the third set of forms, and a fourth subset of curved lines defining the fourth set of forms. The fourth subset of curved lines can taper in the transverse direction as the fourth subset of curved lines extends axially from the downstream outlet toward the upstream inlet. Such a tetrahedron media pack geometry is described in detail in U.S. Patent No. 8,397,920, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein.

[0088] The filter element 100 defines a central opening 114 extending along a central axis 116 (e.g., a longitudinal axis, etc.) of the filter element 100. In some embodiments, the central opening 114 is sized to receive a central support tube therein. The support tube is configured to improve the strength of the filter element 100 under compressive loading (e.g., due to air pressure differentials across the media pack 102). In other embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1, the filter element 100 does not include a support tube, but rather includes a spiral bead of hot melt (e.g., glue or another adhesive product) extending across both the clean and dirty sides of the filter element 100 (e.g., the inner and outer surfaces of the media pack 102) in a longitudinal direction (e.g., an axial direction parallel to the central axis 116) between the first and second end portions 106, 110. Figure 1A

[0089] As shown in FIG. 1, the first end cap 104 defines a seal member 118 having a toroidal geometry. The first end cap 104 can be molded onto or otherwise formed to the first end portion 106 of the media pack 102 and can seal the first end portion 106 of the media pack 102 (e.g., seal the clean side of the media pack from the dirty side of the media pack at the first end portion 106). In other embodiments, the first end cap 104 is overmolded onto an existing end cap 120 at the first end portion 106. In yet other embodiments, the first end cap 104 is a separate piece that is press fit over the existing end cap 120. As shown in FIG. 1, the first end cap 104 includes an extension 122 (e.g., a tab, a tang, etc.) that engages an opening 124 in the existing end cap 120 along an inner peripheral portion 121 of the opening 124 to facilitate alignment between the seal member 118 in the first end cap 104 and the opening 124 (e.g., so that a central axis 119 of the seal member 118 is substantially collinear with the central axis 116 of the filter element 100). The extension 122 extends away from a lower surface (not shown) of the first end cap 104 in a longitudinal direction parallel to the central axis 116 of the filter element 100 toward the central opening 114. In some embodiments, the first end cap 104 includes multiple extensions that engage different portions of the opening 124. For example, the first end cap 104 can include multiple extensions that are spaced apart at approximately equal intervals in a circumferential direction along the lower surface. In other embodiments, the arrangement of the extensions can be different. In yet other embodiments, the first end cap 104 does not include the extension 122. Figure 1A Figure 1A The seal member 118 is a radial seal element that faces radially inwardly toward the central axis 116 of the filter element 100. As shown in FIG. 1, the seal member 118 is a toroidal ring that extends around the central axis 116 of the filter element 100. In other embodiments, the seal member 118 can have a different shape. In some embodiments, the seal member 118 is a separate piece that is press fit over the existing end cap 120. In other embodiments, the seal member 118 is molded onto or otherwise formed to the first end cap 104.

[0090] The seal member 118 is a radial seal element that faces radially inwardly toward the central axis 116 of the filter element 100. As shown in FIG. 1, the seal member 118 is a toroidal ring that extends around the central axis 116 of the filter element 100. In other embodiments, the seal member 118 can have a different shape. In some embodiments, the seal member 118 is a separate piece that is press fit over the existing end cap 120. In other embodiments, the seal member 118 is molded onto or otherwise formed to the first end cap 104. Figure 1A ​​As shown, the sealing member 118 is formed by a through-hole opening 126 that extends through the first end cap 104. The through-hole opening 126 forms a Lohrh shape along a cross-section that is perpendicular to the plane of the central axis 116. In Figure 1A embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the through-hole opening 126 is a Lohrh triangle having three outer edges and three vertices. In other embodiments, the cross-sectional shape of the through-hole opening 126 can form different Lohrh shapes. The through-hole opening 126 in the first end cap 104 and the opening 124 in the existing end cap 120 together define an inlet and / or an outlet of the filter element 100. The Lohrh shape provides the greatest ratio of flow area to perimeter compared to other non-circular shapes, which reduces pressure drop and reduces the overall footprint of the sealing interface between the filter element 100 and the filter housing. As Figure 1A shown, each edge (e.g., side, etc.) of the Lohrh triangle extends along and is tangent to at least a portion of the perimeter edge of the opening 124 in the existing end cap 120. In some embodiments, the width of the through-hole opening 126 in the first end cap 104 is approximately equal to or greater than the width of the opening 124 in the existing end cap 120, which advantageously maximizes the flow area into or out of the filter element 100 (and minimizes flow restriction).

[0091] The sealing member 118 (e.g., the first end cap 104) can be made from a metal or plastic material by molding (e.g., urethane or another curable plastic), injection molding, extrusion, overmolding, additive manufacturing, machining, stamping, pressing, or another suitable manufacturing method. The sealing member 118 can be formed from a soft urethane material or another suitable plastic and / or rubber material.

[0092] As Figure 1B shown, the hollow portion 202 of the filter housing 200 is sized to receive the filter element 100 therein and direct fluid flow through the filter element 100. The filter housing 200 includes an engagement member that is configured to sealingly engage the sealing member 118. In Figure 1B embodiments, the engagement member is an internal flange 204 that is sized to sealingly engage the sealing member 118 in the first end cap 104. The internal flange 204 is a protrusion that extends away from an end of the filter housing 200 in an axial direction (e.g., parallel to the central axis of the filter housing 200, in a direction substantially perpendicular to the end of the filter housing 200). The cross-sectional shape of the internal flange 204 is complementary to the cross-sectional shape of the sealing member 118 in the first end cap 104 Figure 1AThe cross-sectional shape of the through-hole opening 126 in the first end cap 104 is the same (e.g., complementary). In other words, the cross-sectional shape of the inner flange 204 is also a Reuleaux triangle. The outer width of the Reuleaux triangle formed by the inner flange 204 is approximately the same as the inner width of the Reuleaux triangle formed by the through-hole opening 126 in the first end cap 104, such that when the filter element 100 is engaged with the filter housing 200, the inner flange 204 presses against and seals against the sealing member 118 in the first end cap 104. In other embodiments, and for different filtration products, the design of the engagement member of the filter housing may differ.

[0093] Figure 2 The construction lines used for the Reuleaux shape are shown, illustrated as Reuleaux triangle 300. (As shown) Figure 2 As shown, the width 302 of the Reuleaux shape corresponds to the distance between two parallel lines located on opposite sides of the Reuleaux shape, each of which touches the boundary of the Reuleaux shape. The Reuleaux shape is created starting from an equilateral polygon with an odd number of edges, which in this case is an equilateral triangle 304. Draw the first arc 306 connecting two adjacent vertices of the equilateral triangle 304. Figure 3 As shown, the first arc 306 is part of a circle 307 centered on the vertex of the equilateral triangle 304 opposite to the first arc 306. The radius 309 of the first arc 306 corresponds to the straight-line distance between adjacent vertices of the equilateral triangle 304. This arc construction operation is repeated for the second arc 308 and the third arc 310 on the remaining sides of the equilateral triangle 304 to form a closed convex curved profile of the Reuleaux triangle 300. Figures 3-4 As shown, similar construction operations can be performed using other odd-sided equilateral polygons that have a greater number of edges than triangles, for example... Figure 3 The five edges of the five-sided Reuleaux shape 350 shown are... Figure 4 The seven sides of the Reuleaux shape 370 shown are either the seven edges or more, as provided by equation (1) below:

[0094] N = 3, 5, 7…(infinity-1) (1)

[0095] The construction methods described above can also be extended to three-dimensional shapes that share similar properties with their two-dimensional counterparts (e.g., a constant width across the volume of the Regulated body relative to its center point, etc.). For example... Figure 5A and Figure 5B Various three-dimensional Reuleaux shapes are shown, including the four-sided Reuleaux tetrahedron 380 (…). Figure 5A ) and other three-dimensional Reuleaux shapes with a greater number of side surfaces ( Figure 5B ).

[0096] In some embodiments, the lozenge shape can include rounded corners (e.g., rounded and / or curved edges, bumps, etc.) instead of sharp corners at each vertex. For example, Figure 5C A lozenge triangle 400 is shown that includes side edges 402 and rounded edges 404 that connect the side edges 402 at the location of each vertex 406. As shown, Figure 5C The radius Rl of each of the rounded edges 404 is less than the radius R2 of each of the side edges 402. In one embodiment, the radius Rl of each rounded edge 404 is selected such that the rounded edges 404 are approximately tangent to the side edges 402 where they meet the side edges 402. In Figure 5C In embodiments, the radius Rl of each rounded edge 404 is determined such that the ratio of the radius Rl to the radius R2 is in the range of approximately 0 to 0.5 (e.g., 0 < Rl / R2 < 0.5), although the relationship between the radius Rl and the radius R2 can be different in other embodiments. Among other advantages, the use of rounded corners at each vertex improves the fit between the filter element and the filter housing and / or other components of the filtration system (e.g., secondary filter, etc.) and provides additional lozenge shape variants.

[0097] Figure 1A The design and dimensions of the lozenge geometry are shown for illustrative purposes only. Many alternatives and combinations are possible without departing from the inventive principles disclosed herein. For example, Figure 6 is a perspective view of a second example filter element 500 that includes a sealing member 518 that forms a five-sided lozenge shape having five curved edges and five vertices. The width 520 of the five-sided lozenge shape is greater than the width 522 (e.g., diameter) of an inlet / outlet opening 524 in an existing end cap 526, which advantageously reduces the pressure drop associated with the sealing member 518 spanning the inlet / outlet opening 524.

[0098] Lozenge sealing members can also be used in other sealing configurations, including but not limited to radially outwardly facing sealing members, axially facing sealing members, and others. For example, Figure 7 A secondary filter element 600 (e.g., an inner filter element) for a filtration system is shown that includes a first end cap 604 that defines a radially outwardly facing sealing member (shown as sealing member 618) in the shape of a lozenge triangle. In other embodiments, the lozenge shape formed by the sealing member 618 can be different. The secondary filter element 600 is sized to be received in a central opening (e.g., Figure 1AInside the central opening 114). Figure 7 In one embodiment, a first end cap 604 is coupled to a first end 606 of a secondary filter element 600 (e.g., media package 602) and seals the clean side of the media package 602 from the dirty side at the first end 606. A sealing member 618 is integrally formed with the first end cap 604 as a single unit. The sealing member 618 is formed along the outer periphery of the first end cap 604 and is configured to be disposed within and sealably engage with a complementary sealing member on the primary filter element.

[0099] Figure 8 A third example filter element 700 is shown, including an axially oriented sealing member 718. The filter element 700 includes a media package 702, a first end cap 704 disposed at a first end 706 of the media package 702, and a second end cap 708 disposed at a second end 710 of the media package 702 opposite to the first end 706. Figure 8 As shown, the first end cap 704 defines a substantially circular inlet / outlet opening for the filter element 700, shown as inlet / outlet opening 724. Figure 8 As shown, the axially facing sealing member 718 is a square-cut washer, shown as washer 720 (e.g., a washer having a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape). Washer 720 engages the outward-facing axially facing surface of the first end cap 704 and surrounds the inlet / outlet opening 724. In one embodiment, washer 720 is a separate material piece (e.g., a soft urethane material) that is glued or otherwise bonded to the first end cap 704 (e.g., a hard urethane material).

[0100] like Figure 8 As shown, the gasket 720 is formed in a seven-sided Reuleaux shape with seven edges and seven vertices. The width of the gasket 720 is greater than the width of the inlet / outlet opening 724 to ensure a complete seal against the filter housing at the first end 706. Figure 8 In one embodiment, the gasket 720 sealably engages a sealing surface within the filter housing, which also has a five-sided Reuleaux shape, preventing counterfeit filter elements from being installed in place of filter element 700.

[0101] Figures 9-10An axial flow filter element is shown, shown as filter element 800, in which flow passes through media pack 802 in a substantially axial direction (e.g., a longitudinal direction parallel to central axis 816 of filter element 800). Media pack 802 can be formed of corrugated media or another non-pleated filtration media. Filter element 800 includes flange 804 extending in a substantially radial direction away from media pack 802 such that at least a portion of flange 804 is disposed at a greater radial position than media pack 802. As shown, Figure 9 flange 804 is disposed at an intermediate longitudinal position between opposing end portions of media pack 802. Flange 804 is disposed proximate a first end portion of media pack 802, but can be disposed at a central position or another intermediate position in other embodiments. In one embodiment, flange 804 is“sandwiched” or otherwise disposed between two separate portions of media pack 802 (e.g., a first media pack and a second media pack separate from the first media pack).

[0102] As shown, Figure 10 flange 804 includes sealing member 818 disposed on a lower surface of flange 804 and axially facing a second end portion 810 of filter element 800. Sealing member 818 extends along an outer perimeter of flange 804. In Figure 10 embodiments, sealing member 818 is a square-cut gasket having a substantially rectangular cross-section. Sealing member 818 can be bonded or otherwise coupled to flange 804. In other embodiments, sealing member 818 can be integrally formed with flange 804 as a single unitary body. As shown, Figure 10 flange 804 and sealing member 818 both form a heptagonal Lohrhann shape having seven edges and seven vertices. Among other advantages, the use of the same shape for both flange 804 and sealing member 818 minimizes the amount of material required for flange 804. In some embodiments, flange 804 can be received within a recessed region and / or internal flange of a filter housing that is shaped to accommodate flange 804 to prevent assembly between a non-genuine filter element and housing (e.g., to prevent a filter element from being fully inserted into a housing, etc.). In other embodiments, the shape formed by the outer perimeter edges of flange 804 can differ from the shape of sealing member 818 (e.g., flange 804 can be substantially circular, etc.).

[0103] In some embodiments, the sealing member is a gasket formed separately from an end cap of the filter element that can be inserted onto the filter element prior to installing the filter element into a filter housing. For example, Figure 11An example filter element 900 is shown, which includes a Reuleaux-shaped washer, shown as washer 918, that engages with an extension 920 of an end cap 904. The extension 920 is integrally formed with the end cap 904 and extends axially away from the end cap 904 (e.g., as shown). Figure 11 As shown, parallel to the central axis of the end cap 904, vertically upward from the end cap 904, etc. An extension 920 is positioned centrally along the side of the end cap 904 opposite to the media package 902 (e.g., upper side, outer side, etc.), such that the extension 920 extends axially away from the media package 902. The extension 920 defines an inlet / outlet opening (e.g., the perimeter of the inlet / outlet opening) through which fluid can enter or exit the filter element 900, depending on the configuration of the filter element 900. When viewed from above (e.g., a top view of the extension 920 at the inlet / outlet opening), the extension 920 forms a Reuleaux shape. The cross-sectional shape of the extension 920 along a plane oriented perpendicular to the central axis of the filter element 900 is a Reuleaux triangle. A gasket 918 is disposed on and surrounds the extension 920. When fully installed onto end cap 904, the lower surface of washer 918 engages end cap 904 (e.g., the upper side). The axial height 919 of washer 918 is less than the height 921 of extension 920, such that extension 920 protrudes upward from washer 918 when the washer engages with end cap 904. In other embodiments, washer 918 may be positioned midway between the upper and lower ends of extension 920, or near the upper end of extension 920. In some embodiments, the height of washer 918 is approximately the same as the height of extension 920. Figure 11 As shown, gasket 918 is also formed in a Reuleaux shape (e.g., a Reuleaux triangle), the same shape as extension 920. Gasket 918 is rotated to align with extension 920 such that the shape of gasket 918 is not distorted when it is mounted onto extension 920. A sealing member is defined radially outward and away from media package 902 along the surface of the outer periphery of gasket 918. Figure 11 In one embodiment, the medium package 902 may be a coalescer of a crankcase ventilation system.

[0104] Figure 12 It shows a shape similar to Figure 11 The filter element 900 and the filter element 1000, but Figure 12The sealing member 1018 is defined by one or a combination of the following: (i) a surface extending along the outer periphery of the extension 1020 (e.g., a radially outward sealing member defined by the outer surface 1022 of the extension 1020); (ii) a surface extending along the inner periphery of the extension 1020 (e.g., a radially inward sealing member defined by the inner surface 1024 of the extension 1020); and (iii) a surface 1026 along the upper axial end of the extension 1020 (e.g., an axially facing sealing member). The extension 1020 is integrally formed with the end cap 1004 as a single unit, and the extension 1020 extends axially away from the end cap 1004 (e.g., as shown in the image). Figure 12 As shown, parallel to the central axis of the end cap 1004, vertically upward from the end cap 1004, etc., the extension 1020 is positioned centrally along the side of the end cap 1004 opposite to the media package 1002 (e.g., upper side, outer side, etc.), such that the extension 1020 extends axially away from the media package 1002. The extension 1020 defines an inlet / outlet opening (e.g., the perimeter of the inlet / outlet opening) through which fluid can enter or exit the filter element 1000, depending on the configuration of the filter element 1000. When viewed from above (e.g., a top view of the extension 1020 at the inlet / outlet opening), the extension 1020 forms a Reuleaux shape. The cross-sectional shape of the extension 1020 along a plane oriented perpendicular to the central axis of the filter element 1000 is a Reuleaux triangle. The extension 1020 (and end cap 1004) may be formed of a soft urethane material such as polyurethane, or another suitable flexible and fluid-impermeable material, to sealably engage the filter housing.

[0105] Figure 13 A filter element 1100 is shown, which includes an inwardly facing sealing member, shown as sealing member 1118, integrally formed with an end cap 1104 of the filter element 1100. Sealing member 1118 defines an inlet / outlet opening of the filter element 1100. Sealing member 1118 is defined by a Reuleaux-shaped opening extending from a first side / outer side of the end cap 1104 through the end cap 1104 to a second side / inner side of the end cap 1104. Figure 13 In one embodiment, the opening is shaped as a Reuleaux triangle, but different Reuleaux shapes can be used in other embodiments. Figure 13 In one embodiment, the material used for the end cap 1104 also forms the sealing member 1118.

[0106] Figure 14A spin-on cartridge filter element is shown, shown as filter element 1200, which can be used as, for example, a lubricating oil filter. Filter element 1200 includes a toroid-shaped gasket, shown as gasket 1218, disposed on an axial end of filter element 1200 (e.g., on an upper surface of retainer 1220 (e.g., a nut plate, etc.) at an open end of filter housing 1222 (e.g., a shell, etc.). Gasket 1218 is disposed on an upper side 1219 (e.g., an outer side, etc.) of retainer 1220 and substantially encloses a plurality of inlet and / or outlet openings of retainer 1220. Gasket 1218 extends upward in the axial direction away from upper side 1219 distal to the media pack. Gasket 1218 forms an axial sealing member for filter element 1200. When filter element 1200 is fully installed onto a filter head, gasket 1218 engages a sealing surface of the filter head that is the same shape as gasket 1218. During installation, a user can threadably engage filter element 1200 with the filter head and tighten filter element 1200 to compress gasket 1218 between the retainer and the sealing surface. The user continues to rotate gasket 1218 to align gasket 1218 with the sealing surface. In some embodiments, filter element 1200 and / or the filter head includes an alignment indicator (e.g., a tab, a marker, etc.) or another synchronizing feature that engages with filter element 1200 and / or can be referenced by the user to ensure that gasket 1218 is fully aligned with the sealing surface on the filter head (e.g., to ensure that filter element 1200 is installed in the correct rotational position relative to the filter head).

[0107] Toroid-shaped sealing member geometries can also be used on non-cylindrical filter element designs. For example, Figure 15 A filter element 1300 is shown having a media pack 1302 arranged in an oval or racetrack shape. Media pack 1302 can be made of pleated (e.g., flat media sheets formed into an accordion shape, having “V”-shaped pleats, etc.) or non-pleated (e.g., corrugated) filter media. In Figure 15 In embodiments, filter element 1300 is an axial flow filter element, in which fluid is directed through media pack 1302 in a substantially axial direction (e.g., parallel to a central axis of filter element 1300). Filter element 1300 includes an outer sealing flange, shown as flange 1304, that extends radially away from and encloses media pack 1302. Flange 1304 is disposed at an intermediate longitudinal position between opposite ends of filter element 1300. In Figure 15In some embodiments, the flange 1304 is disposed proximate to the first end 1306 of the filter element 1300. In other embodiments, the flange 1304 is disposed proximate to the second end 1310 of the filter element 1300, or a central location between the opposite ends of the filter element 1300.

[0108] As shown, the flange 1304 is formed in a pentalobe shape having five edges and five vertices. Depending on the desired configuration and design of the filter housing, the flange 1304 can form an axial sealing member and / or a radially outwardly facing sealing member. Figure 15 As shown, the flange 1304 is formed in a pentalobe shape having five edges and five vertices. Depending on the desired configuration and design of the filter housing, the flange 1304 can form an axial sealing member and / or a radially outwardly facing sealing member. Figure 16 A filter element 1400 is shown having a media pack 1402 arranged in a rectangular / square block (e.g., a panel-style filter element formed using pleated media). Similar to the filter element 1300, Figure 15 the filter element 1400 includes an outer sealing flange, shown as a flange 1404, that substantially encloses the media pack 1402 and is formed in a pentalobe shape. In other embodiments, the sealing member (e.g., the flange 1404) can be formed in another lozenge shape having more or fewer edges. In one embodiment, the flange 1404 is a curable urethane that encapsulates the media pack 1402, but in other embodiments the flange 1404 can be formed using different manufacturing methods and materials. Figure 16

[0109] Figures 17-19 Various example gaskets are shown that can be used as a sealing member for a filter element. Figure 17 A square cut gasket, shown as a gasket 1500 (e.g., a gasket having a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape, a flat gasket, etc.), is shown that can be punched or otherwise formed from a planar sheet of gasket material (e.g., soft urethane, neoprene, or other suitable material). The gasket 1500 is a closed convex profile that defines a central opening 1501. From above the gasket 1500, or along a plane 1503 oriented through the gasket 1500 and perpendicular to a central axis 1505 of the central opening 1501, the overall shape of the gasket 1500 is a lozenge shape. In particular, the overall shape of the gasket 1500 is a pentalobe shape having five edges and five vertices that together form a perimeter of the central opening 1501.

[0110] Figures 18-19 ​A gasket 1550 having a Luer cross-section (e.g., a seven-sided Luer shape) is shown. The gasket 1550 can be an O-ring style sealing element formed by an extrusion operation using an extrusion die having the same cross-sectional shape as the gasket 1550. The cross-section of the gasket 1550 is formed as a seven-sided Luer shape taken through the gasket 1550 along a radial reference plane 1553 that is substantially parallel to and extends through a central axis 1555 of the central opening 1551. The thickness of the material of the gasket 1550 is approximately constant between any two opposing sides of the cross-section (e.g., between two parallel lines placed on the opposing sides of the cross-section). Among other advantages, forming the gasket 1550 having a Luer cross-section ensures a constant cross-sectional thickness of the gasket 1550 (subject to standard manufacturing tolerances), which promotes uniform contact between the gasket 1550 and a sealing surface. The constant cross-sectional thickness also ensures a consistent spacing between the filter element and the housing when different shapes are used (e.g., different Luer shapes having the same thickness). As shown, the overall shape of the gasket 1550 (formed by the gasket 1550 along the perimeter of the central opening) is a circular shape. In other embodiments, the overall shape / geometry of the gasket 1550 can be a Luer shape to form a multi-Luer sealing member. For example, Figure 18 As shown, the overall shape of the gasket 1550 (formed by the gasket 1550 along the perimeter of the central opening) is a circular shape. In other embodiments, the overall shape / geometry of the gasket 1550 can be a Luer shape to form a multi-Luer sealing member. For example, Figures 20-21 A filter element 1600 is shown that includes a multi-Luer sealing member 1618 on an axial end of the filter element 1600. As shown, Figure 20 The multi-Luer sealing member 1618 is a gasket disposed on an end cap 1606 of the filter element 1600 and is configured to seal against a filter housing (e.g., a sealing surface in the filter housing) in an axial direction (e.g., parallel to a central axis of the filter element 1600). The overall geometry of the gasket is a five-sided Luer shape. As shown, Figure 21 The cross-sectional geometry of the gasket is a Luer triangle (e.g., a three-sided Luer shape) having a different number of sides / edges than the overall shape of the gasket. In other embodiments, both the overall shape of the gasket and the cross-sectional shape of the gasket can be the same Luer shape.

[0111] Other components of the filter element can also be formed as Luer-shaped members to minimize pressure drop across the filter element and / or to promote "synchronization" (e.g., rotational alignment) between the filter element and the filter housing. For example, Figures 22-23A filter element 1700 is shown, which includes a Reuleaux-shaped member located on a closed end 1710 opposite to an open end (e.g., an inlet / outlet end). Specifically, the end cap 1708 of the filter element 1700 is molded, stamped, or otherwise formed into a Reuleaux shape. Figure 23 As shown, the side edges 1712 of the Reuleaux shape form the outer perimeter of the end cap 1708. In Figures 22-23 In one embodiment, the end cap 1708 is formed into a nine-sided Reuleaux shape having nine edges connected by nine vertices. In other embodiments, the end cap 1708 may be formed into different Reuleaux shapes with more or fewer side edges. In one embodiment, the end cap 1708 is shaped to engage with a flange of a complementary shape in the filter housing to rotate the filter element 1700 to the filter housing and / or prevent assembly between the filter housing and counterfeit filter elements.

[0112] Figures 24-25 A filter element 1800 is shown, including a sealing member 1818, which is angled relative to a first reference plane 1820 perpendicular to the central axis of the filter element 1800. Figure 25 As shown, the sealing member 1818 is an external sealing flange extending along and coplanar with the second reference plane 1822. The second reference plane 1822 forms a single chamfer 1824 relative to the first reference plane 1820. In other embodiments, the sealing member 1818 (e.g., the flange) is multi-plane angled or inclined relative to the first reference plane 1820, such that the sealing member 1818 does not extend along a single reference plane.

[0113] Further modifications can be made to the Reuleaux-shaped filter element components to further increase variability and complexity. For example, the overall Reuleaux shape formed by the sealing components of the filter element can be truncated or include multiple truncated sections. Figures 26-27 Another example filter element 1900 is shown, which includes a truncated Reuleaux-shaped sealing member, shown as sealing member 1918. Figure 26 As shown, the outer flange 1904 of the filter element 1900 is truncated near the apex of the Reuleaux shape (e.g., including a cut-off portion 1920), which adds an additional edge 1922 and apex 1924 to the geometry of the sealing member 1918. In some embodiments, the member includes only a single cut-off portion. In other embodiments, the member may include multiple cut-off portions. In one embodiment, the member includes multiple cut-off portions symmetrical to each other to form parallel edges on opposite sides of the member. In other embodiments, the cut-off portions may be randomly positioned along the member. Figure 27As shown, the sealing member 1918 is also at an angle relative to the filter element 1900.

[0114] Figure 28 Another example filter element 2000 is shown, wherein the sealing member 2018 is a radially outwardly facing gasket disposed on the end cap 2004 of the filter element. (Refer to reference...) Figures 24-25 The embodiments described are the same. Figure 28 The sealing member 2018 is configured at an angle relative to the filter element 2000 (e.g., a reference plane oriented perpendicular to the central axis 2016 of the filter element 2000). The sealing member 2018 is disposed on the extension 2020, which is integrally formed with the end cap 2004 and extends substantially axially away from the end cap 2004.

[0115] In some embodiments, the filter element includes a plurality of Reuleaux members that engage with different (or identical) members in the filter housing to further prevent the use of counterfeit filter elements / cartridges. For example, the filter element may include a Reuleaux-shaped sealing member that engages with a complementary (e.g., Reuleaux-shaped) sealing surface in the filter housing, and a Reuleaux-shaped end cap that engages with a complementary (e.g., Reuleaux-shaped) flange in the filter housing.

[0116] Figure 29 A filter element 2100 is shown comprising a plurality of Reuleaux-shaped sealing members, including a first Reuleaux-shaped sealing member (shown as first sealing member 2118) disposed on a first end cap 2104 of the filter element 2100 and a second Reuleaux-shaped sealing member (shown as second sealing member 2120) disposed on a second end cap 2110 of the filter element 2100. Figure 29 In one embodiment, both the first sealing member 2118 and the second sealing member 2120 are outward-facing radial sealing elements, each shaped as a Reuleaux triangle. In other embodiments, the shape of each sealing member may be different (e.g., the first sealing member may be a Reuleaux triangle, while the second sealing member may be a five-sided Reuleaux shape, etc.). Figure 29 As shown, each sealing member may also be angled relative to the filter element 2100. The angle of the first sealing member may be the same as or different from that of the second sealing member. In other embodiments, at least one sealing member is arranged in an orientation substantially perpendicular to the central axis of the filter element 2100.

[0117] Figures 30-32 A filter assembly 2200 including a Reuleaux-sealed interface is shown according to an illustrative embodiment. (See also...) Figures 30-32As shown, filter assembly 2200 includes a filter housing 2202 and a filter assembly including a primary filter element 2204 (e.g., an outer filter element, etc.) and a secondary filter element 2206 (e.g., an inner filter element, a safety filter, etc.). As shown, primary filter element 2204 is configured to be received within filter housing 2202. As shown, secondary filter element 2206 is configured to be received within primary filter element 2204. Figures 30-31 As shown, filter housing 2202 includes an engagement member 2208 that is "sandwiched" or otherwise disposed between and sealingly engages a seal member of primary filter element 2204 and a seal member of secondary filter element 2206. Secondary filter element 2206 is nestably engaged with primary filter element 2204 and is at least partially disposed within a central opening defined by primary filter element 2204. More specifically, a seal member 2210 of secondary filter element 2206 is sized to nestably engage at least one of engagement member 2208 and / or a seal member 2212 of primary filter element 2204.

[0118] Primary filter element 2204 is a primary filter configured to remove contaminants from fluid entering an intake system. Secondary filter element 2206 is a backup and / or safety filter that is disposed within primary filter element 2204 and is configured to act as a backup filter to protect an engine in the event that primary filter element 2204 is damaged, or in the event that the integrity of the seal between primary filter element 2204 and filter housing 2202 is compromised. Figures 33-34 A perspective view and an end view of primary filter element 2204 are shown, respectively. As shown, primary filter element 2204 includes a media pack 2214 formed in a cylindrical shape. Media pack 2214 defines a central opening 2216 that extends along a central axis of primary filter element 2204 to form a hollow cylindrical cavity sized to receive at least a portion of secondary filter element 2206 therein (see also Figures 30-32 Primary filter element 2204 also includes a seal member 2212 formed in a toroid shape. Seal member 2212 of primary filter element 2204 is configured to sealingly engage filter housing along an inner radial surface of seal member 2210. Primary filter element 2204 has a similar construction to filter element 100 described with reference to Figure 1A As shown, filter assembly 2200 includes a filter housing 2202 and a filter assembly including a primary filter element 2204 (e.g., an outer filter element, etc.) and a secondary filter element 2206 (e.g., an inner filter element, a safety filter, etc.). As shown, primary filter element 2204 is configured to be received within filter housing 2202. As shown, secondary filter element 2206 is configured to be received within primary filter element 2204. Figure 34As shown, the width 2218 of the torus shape formed by the sealing member 2212 is greater than the width 2220 (e.g., diameter) of the inlet / outlet opening 2222 of the end cap 2224. The change in width between the sealing member 2212 and the end cap 2224 forms a step (e.g., ledge, etc.) that is configured to engage the sealing member 2210 of the secondary filter element 2206 and prevent axial movement of the secondary filter element 2206.

[0119] Figures 35-36 A perspective view and an end view of the secondary filter element 2206 are shown, respectively. The secondary filter element 2206 includes a sealing member 2210 having a torus shape that corresponds to and is complementary to the torus shape formed by the primary filter element 2204 (see Figures 33-34 ) and the engagement member of the filter housing. The sealing member 2210 of the secondary filter element 2206 is configured to sealingly engage the filter housing along an outer radial surface of the sealing member 2210.

[0120] Figures 37-38 A perspective view and an end view of the filter housing 2202 are shown, respectively. The filter housing 2202 includes a body 2226 that includes a cylindrical sidewall (shown as sidewall 2228) and an end wall 2230 disposed proximate a first end 2232 of the sidewall 2228. Together, the sidewall 2228 and the end wall 2230 define a hollow interior cavity 2229 that is sized to receive the primary filter element and the secondary filter element therein. The body 2226 also defines a service opening 2233 in a second end of the body 2226 opposite the first end 2232, a first port 2234 (e.g., inlet port, inlet opening, etc.) defined by the sidewall 2228, and a second port 2236 (e.g., outlet port, outlet opening, etc.) defined by the end wall 2230. The body 2226 also includes fluid connections (e.g., conduits, etc.) at the first port 2234 and the second port 2236 to facilitate coupling with other portions of the filtration system. The filter housing 2202 can also include a cover configured to engage the body 2226 at the service opening 2233.

[0121] As Figures 37-38As shown, the filter housing 2202 also includes a joining member 2238, which is coupled to the end wall 2230 and configured to sealably engage both the primary filter element and the secondary filter element. The joining member 2238 includes a flange 2240 (e.g., an inner flange) extending axially away from the end wall 2230 and toward the hollow cavity 2229. The flange 2240 is centrally located along the end wall 2230 and circumscribes the second port 2236. The width of the flange 2240 is greater than the width of the second port 2236 and is radially spaced from both the second port 2236 and the side wall 2228. The flange 2240 is formed in a Reuleaux shape with an odd number of sides having approximately equal radii. In various illustrative embodiments, the number and location of the flange 2240 along the body 2226 and / or the end wall 2230 may vary.

[0122] Figure 39 Another example of a secondary filter element 2300 is shown. The secondary filter element 2300 is substantially similar to the reference element. Figures 35-36 The secondary filter element 2206 is described, but also includes a plurality of openings 2302 that extend from the underside of the sealing member 2310 through the sealing member 2310 to the upper side of the sealing member 2310 opposite to the underside. Figure 39 In the embodiments described, each opening 2302 is sized to accommodate fasteners (e.g., bolts, screws, or other suitable fasteners) to facilitate securing the secondary filter element to the filter housing and / or the primary filter element. Among other advantages, using additional fasteners to secure the secondary filter element to the filter housing increases the structural integrity of the filter assembly and prevents the secondary filter element from detaching from the flange of the filter housing during replacement of the primary filter element. It should be understood that the size, location, and number of openings may vary in the various illustrative embodiments.

[0123] IV. Construction of Example Implementations

[0124] While this specification contains many specific implementation details, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the claims, but rather as descriptions of features specific to particular embodiments. Certain features described in this specification within the context of individual embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented individually or in any suitable sub-combination in multiple embodiments. Furthermore, although features may be described as functioning in certain combinations, and even initially claimed in this way, in some cases one or more features from the claimed combination may be removed from the combination, and the claimed combination may refer to a sub-combination or a variation of a sub-combination.

[0125] As used herein, the terms "approximately," "substantially," and similar terms are intended to have a broad meaning in harmony with the common and accepted usage of those terms by those skilled in the art to which the subject matter of this disclosure pertains. It is to be understood by those skilled in the art that such terms are intended to allow for a certain level of variation as is to be expected by those of ordinary skill in the art having had the benefit of the benefit of this disclosure. It is also to be understood by those skilled in the art that, where this disclosure includes "combinations," "consisting of," "consisting essentially of," and the like, such terms are intended to permit for indications of additional optional elements, and therefore should be interpreted to allow for the presence of additional elements. As used herein, the terms "coupled," "attached," and similar terms mean two components are joined to one another, either directly or indirectly, fixed- ly (e.g., permanently) or movably (e.g., removably or releasably). Such joining can be effected by one or both components being integrally formed as a single unit with one another, or by one or both components being attached to one another.

[0126] As used herein, the terms "coupled," "attached," and similar terms mean two components are joined to one another, either directly or indirectly, fixed- ly (e.g., permanently) or movably (e.g., removably or releasably). Such joining can be effected by one or both components being integrally formed as a single unit with one another, or by one or both components being attached to one another.

[0127] The term "or" is used in its inclusive sense (and not in its exclusive sense) so that when used, for example, in a list of two or more items, the term "or" means one, some, or all of the elements in the list. Conjunctive language such as the phrase "at least one of X, Y, and Z," unless specifically stated otherwise, is understood to allow for the presence of only one of X, Y, and Z, or the presence of any combination of X, Y, and Z. Thus, such conjunctive language is generally understood to allow that the item, term, or the like can be any one of X, Y, and Z, or any combination thereof. Unless specifically stated otherwise, conjunctive language, such as the phrase "at least one of X, Y, and Z," is thus generally understood to allow that the item, term, or the like can be any one of X, Y, and Z, or any combination thereof.

[0128] It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the systems shown in the various example implementations is illustrative only and does not restrict the scope of the disclosure to any particular style of implementation. All changes and modifications that come within the spirit and / or broad scope of the described implementations are intended to be embraced. It should be appreciated that some features can not be essential to implementing the scope of the disclosure and that implementations lacking such features can be contemplated within the scope of the disclosure defined by the appended claims. When the term "a portion" is used, unless specifically stated to the contrary, the item refers to both a portion and / or the whole of the item.

Claims

1. A filter element, comprising: A media package, the media package including a filter medium configured to filter fluid passing through the filter medium; as well as An end cap, formed on the medium package and sealing the end of the medium package, the end cap comprising: Base portion, the base portion being formed on the medium package; and An extension, extending axially from the base and the media package, defines a sealing member capable of engaging with a filter housing to substantially prevent fluid flow through the interface between the sealing member and the filter housing. The overall shape of the sealing member along a plane oriented perpendicular to the central axis of the filter element is formed in a Reuleaux shape. The sealing member defines an opening larger than the opening formed by the media package formed thereon from the base.

2. The filter element of claim 1, wherein the Reuleaux shape is an equilateral polygon with an odd number of sides having more edges than a triangle.

3. The filter element of claim 1, wherein the sealing member comprises a curved edge at each vertex of the Reuleaux shape and a side edge between each curved edge, and wherein the ratio between the radius of at least one of the curved edges and the radius of at least one of the side edges is in the range of 0 to 0.

5.

4. The filter element according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the sealing member defines a central opening, the central opening being formed in the Reuleaux shape.

5. The filter element according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the sealing member is angled relative to a first reference plane oriented perpendicular to the central axis of the filter element.

6. The filter element according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein the Reuleaux shape has a substantially constant cross-sectional width.

7. The filter element of claim 1, wherein the base and the extension are integrally formed from a single piece of material.

8. A filter assembly, comprising: Filter housing, the filter housing including a connecting member; as well as According to claim 1, the sealing member is capable of engaging with the engagement member.

9. The filter assembly of claim 8, wherein the sealing member has an odd number of edges, the edges having substantially equal radii.

10. The filter assembly of claim 8, wherein the distance between two parallel lines positioned on opposite sides of the sealing member and engaging the boundary of the sealing member is substantially equal at any location along the boundary of the sealing member.

11. The filter assembly of claim 8, wherein the sealing member comprises a curved edge at each vertex of the Reuleaux shape and a side edge between each curved edge, and wherein the ratio between the radius of at least one of the curved edges and the radius of at least one of the side edges is in the range of 0 to 0.

5.

12. The filter assembly according to any one of claims 8-11, wherein the sealing member defines a central opening, and wherein a cross-section of the sealing member is formed in the Reuleaux shape along a radial reference plane substantially parallel to and extending through the central axis of the central opening.

13. The filter assembly according to any one of claims 8-11, wherein the sealing member defines a central opening, the central opening being formed in the Reuleaux shape.

14. The filter assembly according to any one of claims 8-11, wherein the sealing member is angled relative to a first reference plane oriented perpendicular to the central axis of the filter element.

15. The filter assembly of claim 8, wherein the sealing member includes a cut-off portion along the outer periphery of the sealing member.

16. The filter assembly according to any one of claims 8-11 and 15, wherein a dimensional change between the opening formed by the sealing member and the opening defined by the media package forms a step, the step being configured to engage the sealing member of the secondary filter element and prevent axial movement of the secondary filter element relative to the media package.

17. The filter assembly of claim 8, wherein the extension is formed in the Reuleaux shape.

18. The filter assembly according to any one of claims 8-11 and 17, wherein the Reuleaux shape has a substantially constant cross-sectional width.

Images