3409results about "Non-contaminated water treatment" patented technology

A thermoelectric material comprises two or more components, at least one of which is a thermoelectric material. The first component is nanostructured, for example as an electrically conducting nanostructured network, and can include nanowires, nanoparticles, or other nanostructures of the first component. The second component may comprise an electrical insulator, such as an inorganic oxide, other electrical insulator, other low thermal conductivity material, voids, air-filled gaps, and the like. Additional components may be included, for example to improve mechanical properties. Quantum size effects within the nanostructured first component can advantageously modify the thermoelectric properties of the first component. In other examples, the second component may be a thermoelectric material, and additional components may be included.

The present invention relates to carbon-carbon composite material comprising a carbonaceous carrier and nanosize carbon structures (e.g. CNT or CNF), wherein the nanosize carbon structures are grown on the carbonaceous carrier. The carrier may be porous, as in activated carbon or consists of carbon black particles. In accordance with the invention, nanocarbon growth in the pores of porous carriers can be realized. The process for the manufacture of a this carbon-carbon-composite material comprises the steps of treating a carbonaceous carrier material with a metal-containing catalyst material, said metal being capable of forming nanosize carbon structures, and growing nanosize carbon structures by means of a CVD (chemical vapour deposition) method on the treated carrier in a gas atmosphere comprising a carbon-containing gas, followed by an optional surface modification step. This process allows optimising porosity, hydrodynamical properties and surface chemistry independently from each other, which is particularly beneficial in respect of the use of the composite for water purification. Carbon black-based composites are particularly useful for filler applications.

An apparatus and methods are disclosed for purifying fluid, such as potable water, to quality levels suitable for medical application, particularly to applications involving injection of the fluid into a human body. The apparatus comprises a portable purification pack constructed for a single use. The pack houses depth filtration, activated carbon, mixed bed ion exchange resins and terminal filtration stages in series. The terminal filter comprises a fine (microfiltration or ultrafiltration), permeable membrane, treated with an endotoxin-binding chemistry. In contrast with semi-permeable osmotic membranes, the permeable membrane produces high flow rates at relatively low pressures, while still safely purifying fluid to injection quality.

The invention discloses a method and device for utilizing sewage containing ammonia and sodium. The method comprises the steps of deamination reaction, denitrification reaction, gas-liquid separation, triple-effect multistage evaporation, evaprative crystallization and freezing crystallization, electrodialysis and sodium filteration membrane, and concentration of reverse osmosis membrane, so that distilled water and membrane deion pure water are recovered, and the resource utilization of sole sodium chloride and sodium sulfate is realized.

A thermoelectric material comprises two or more components, at least one of which is a thermoelectric material. The first component is nanostructured, for example as an electrically conducting nanostructured network, and can include nanowires, nanoparticles, or other nanostructures of the first component. The second component may comprise an electrical insulator, such as an inorganic oxide, other electrical insulator, other low thermal conductivity material, voids, air-filled gaps, and the like. Additional components may be included, for example to improve mechanical properties. Quantum size effects within the nanostructured first component can advantageously modify the thermoelectric properties of the first component. In other examples, the second component may be a thermoelectric material, and additional components may be included.

A zero liquid discharge (ZLD) power plant (20) includes an advanced oxidation system (72) for reducing contaminants in source water (70) to form feed water (40) for a boiler (24). The system (72) includes an ozonation module (86) for applying high concentration ozone to the source water (70) to form a mixed stream (104), an ozone reactor (92) in which the mixed stream is retained (104) under pressure, an ultraviolet reactor (98) downstream from the ozone reactor (92) for enhanced contaminant reduction, and a retention tank (103) downstream from the reactor (98). In one configuration, the source water (70) is evaporator distillate from an evaporator (52) that recycles cooling tower blowdown 30. The system (72) achieves organic contaminant reduction at total organic carbon (TOC) levels of less than three hundred parts per billion.

The invention relates to a rapid efficient ammonia nitrogen remover and a preparation method and application thereof. The rapid efficient ammonia nitrogen remover is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 5-35% of an oxidant, 5-50% of an inorganic coagulant, 2-40% of an adsorption material, 1-15% of a calcium salt and 1-20% of an effervescent disintegrant. The rapid efficient ammonia nitrogen remover can be dissolved in water, and is free of a residue, free of secondary pollution, the operation is simple and convenient, the time required for purifying the water is short, ammonia nitrogen can be quickly and efficiently removed, and the rapid efficient ammonia nitrogen remover has a certain removal effect on COD, total phosphorus and suspended matters at the same time. The rapid efficient ammonia nitrogen remover integrates oxidation, breakpoint chlorination, coagulating sedimentation, adsorption, pH value control and rapid collapse body dissolution, and the ammonia nitrogen can be quickly and efficiently removed.

An apparatus and method for the photocatalytic conversion of contaminants in a fluid stream. Fluid is directed through a semitransparent packed bed or an open cell, three dimensionally reticulated, fluid permeable, semiconductor unit. Within the unit, a semiconductor, when exposed to a photoactivating light source, converts the contaminants through a photocatalytic reaction. Both the substrate and the semiconductor photocatalyst are semitransparent to the activating light to allow penetration of light into the unit, thereby distributing the light, increasing the active specific surface area, and improving the net conversion performance of the unit.

A fluid is filtered by first preparing a filter which includes a base filter and solid substances provided on the base filter, such that the solid substances differ from objects within the fluid to be filtered that are removed by the filter. The objects of filtration are filtered by supplying the fluid to the filter. During filtration, a force is applied to the filter to move the solid substances and objects deposited on the filter. The application of such force thus allows continuous filtration through the filter. The force can take the form of application of rising bubbles, a mechanical vibration or sonic waves to the filter. The filtration method is useful in processing fluid waste from mechanical processes, such as CMP steps.

Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for point of use location treatment of potable water supplies on demand on board passenger vehicles, such as aircraft. The systems described generally provide increased safety features, alternate ultraviolet light sources, and reduced power consumption.

The present invention relates to carbon-carbon composite material comprising a carbonaceous carrier and nanosize carbon structures (e.g. CNT or CNF), wherein the nanosize carbon structures are grown on the carbonaceous carrier. The carrier may be porous, as in activated carbon or consists of carbon black particles. In accordance with the invention, nanocarbon growth in the pores of porous carriers can be realized. The process for the manufacture of a this carbon-carbon- composite material comprises the steps of treating a carbonaceous carrier material with a metal -containing catalyst material, said metal being capable of forming nanosize carbon structures, and growing nanosize carbon structures by means of a CVD (chemical vapour deposition) method on the treated carrier in a gas atmosphere comprising a carbon-containing gas, followed by an optional surface modification step. This process allows optimising porosity, hydrodynamical properties and surface chemistry independently from each other, which is particularly beneficial in respect of the use of the composite for water purification. Carbon black-based composites are particularly useful for filler applications.

A deionized water producing apparatus includes a pretreatment apparatus having a reverse osmosis apparatus, and an electrodeionization apparatus having a diluting compartment filled with an ion exchanger. In order to disinfect the deionized water producing apparatus, hot water of higher than 80° C. is flown through the pretreatment apparatus, and hot water of higher than 60° C. is flown through the electrodeionization apparatus. Hot water flowing thorough the electrodeionization apparatus is gradually heated at a rate of 0.1-10° C. / min.

In addition to health implications, trihalomethanes (THMs) poses a challenge to the electronic industry where such impurities cannot be tolerated. A process is provided for removing THMs from high-purity water used in the electronic industry. The method of the invention comprises contacting the high-purity water with a membrane degassifier, preferably operating at a temperature exceeding 45° C.

The present invention discloses a process and an apparatus for removing deep sub-micron particles from water. The invented process includes adjusting pH value and conductivity, adding an oxidation agent, performing an electro coagulation reaction / an electro-oxidation reaction, and performing a flocculation sedimentation, etc. The invented apparatus includes a front adjustment tank for adjusting the properties of waste water, wherein the adjustment includes a pH adjustment, an electrolyte adjustment, or an oxidant addition, etc.; an electrocoagulation reaction tank receiving water from the front adjustment tank and having pairs of separated electrodes, one of the electrodes being made of iron; a rear adjustment tank for adjusting pH value of the effluent of the electrocoagulation reaction tank; and a sedimentation reservoir for providing the resulting pH-adjusted, sedimentary floccule-containing water from the rear adjustment tank with a sufficient residence time in said sedimentation reservoir, so that floccules and sedimentation are formed therein.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a load type metal compound catalyst used for water treatment, in particular to a catalyst comprising a metal oxide and metal salt. The method comprises the following steps: a porous inorganic material carrier, metal salt, a dispersant, a stabilizing agent and a accelerant which are treated are added into an organic solvent and stirred to form a load type catalyst before-preparation body mixture, the load type catalyst before-preparation body mixture stands for 1 to 9 days under a sealed condition until the load of the catalyst is completed, a steady load type catalyst before-preparation body is prepared, put in a baking oven for baking, moved into a muffle furnace and heated to 300 DEG C to 600 DEG C under air atmosphere at the speed of 2 DEG C / min to 6 DEG C / min, the temperature is kept for 1 to 8 hours, and finally, the load type metal compound catalyst used for water treatment, which forms a fixed catalyst layer with the layer thickness of 15nm to 28mum on the surface of the carrier, is prepared. The method has lower cost, little loss of raw materials in the preparation technology process and simple preparation technology, and is suitable for industrial mass production.

A method and apparatus for producing super-oxygenated water for human consumption including forcing atmospheric air through a filter to remove impurities, exposing the filtered air to ultra violet light to cleanse the air, and to form ozone and oxygen in the air, forcing the filtered air, ozone, and oxygen into a stream of flowing water to dissolve said air, ozone, and oxygen in said water, and spraying the stream of water having air, ozone, and oxygen dissolved therein into a vessel under superatmospheric pressure.

A composition for disinfecting contaminated drinking water. The composition can include a disinfecting agent for disinfecting or sanitizing the water and a masking agent for masking or minimizing undesired characteristics of the disinfecting agent, such as taste and odor. The disinfecting agent can be a halogen-based disinfecting agent, such as a chlorine-based disinfecting agent. The masking agent can be a chlorine-compatible masking agent or flavorant, such as a citrus fruit derived flavor. The composition can also include a substrate. The substrate can be a clay, zeolite, water-soluble carrier, water-insoluble carrier, or mixtures thereof. The flavorant can be loaded onto the substrate. The composition can include other components, such as a primary coagulant, a coagulant aid, a bridging flocculant, a polymeric material, an alkali agent, an autocatalytic oxidant, and mixtures thereof.

A method that can be used in a portable system and apparatus to effectively and efficiently treat aqueous fluids by quickly and reliably adjusting and controlling the free residual level of disinfectants, contaminants or additives through the addition of one or more treating agents such as oxidizing chemicals and / or other special-purpose additives, and that can continuously store, log, retrieve and report the related fluid composition data and other operating parameters on a real-time basis at either the use site or a remote location. A preferred use for the subject method is managing the chemistry of disinfectant, contaminant and / or additive levels in aqueous fluids used in hydraulic fracturing operations, and controlling the free residual levels of the disinfectant or contaminants within the fluids, including fluids maintained in frac tanks during temporary cessation of a hydraulic fracturing operation.

Metal oxide modified or impregnated activated carbon as a sorbent to reduce multiple contaminants, such as arsenic and pesticide residues from a fluid.

An electrolytic cell for generating a mixed oxidant that is rich in ozone is disclosed. The cell disassociates a brine solution to generate ozone and chlorine based oxidants. The improved cell design allows the ratio of ozone to the other oxidants to be optimized, thereby providing a more efficient sterilization solution. The ozone production is adjusted by adjusting the residence time of the brine solution in the cell and the orientation of the cell.

In or near real-time monitoring of fluids can take place using an opticoanalytical device that is configured for monitoring the fluid. Fluids can be monitored prior to or during their introduction into a subterranean formation using the opticoanalytical devices. Produced fluids from a subterranean formation can be monitored in a like manner. The methods can comprise providing at least one acid; combining the at least one acid with a base fluid to form an acidizing fluid; and monitoring a characteristic of the acidizing fluid using a first opticoanalytical device that is in optical communication with a flow pathway for transporting the acidizing fluid.

Systems and methods for removing hydrogen peroxide from water purification systems are provided. In a general embodiment, the present disclosure provides a water purification system including a water treatment unit, an electrodeionization unit and a hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyst in fluid connection with the electrodeionization unit. The water purification system can be fluidly connected to a renal treatment system.

There is provided a circulation type water purifier which maximally prevents production of bacteria and microbes by periodically circulating water in the water purifier, and improves lifetime and power saving of a pump by varying the number of circulation times depending on an amount of water used. The circulation type water purifier includes a clean water filter; a storage tank in which water purified through the clean water filter is stored; a cold / hot water supply tank cooling and heating the water supplied from the storage tank to drain the cooled and heated water to respective drain outlets; a drain pipe 351 connected to the cold / hot water supply tank to drain the water in the cold / hot water supply tank when cleansing the interior of the cold / hot water supply tank; a pump 400 periodically circulating water at every circulation time under a control of a microcomputer; a circulation pipe connecting the clean water filter, the cold / hot water supply tank, the drain pipe and the pump, the circulation pipe including a first circulation pipe connecting the clean water filter and the storage tank, a first auxiliary circulation pipe connecting the storage tank and the cold / hot water supply tank, a second circulation pipe connecting the storage tank and the clean water filter, and a second auxiliary circulation pipe connecting the cold / hot water supply tank and the second circulation pipe! and a sterilizer installed to the circulation pipe to sterilize water flowed into the circulation pipe.

Some embodiments provide a multi-stage water treatment and enrichment apparatus with an upper water reservoir, a lower water reservoir, a cartridge that is composed of a porous filter and multiple seep through chambers that treat and enrich water, a water dispensing tap valve, and a preservation cartridge. Collectively, these components function (1) to provide multiple levels of treatment including filtration and purification, (2) to provide enrichment of water via mineralization, magnetization, softening, and alkalinization, (3) to provide for customizability of the treatment and enrichment so that different consumers can adapt these processes to satisfy their own personal preferences, (4) to provide an apparatus that operates using gravitational forces and without the need for external power or pressure to perform the multi-stage treatment and enrichment of water, and (5) to provide an inexpensive apparatus that is suitable for primary usage in the home.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a super-hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing polytetrafluoroethylene resin, an extrusion aid, a super-hydrophobic fluorine-containing material and an optional solvent to form a paste; and then, extruding the paste to prepare the super-hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane. The invention further relates to a super-hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane prepared by the preparation method, wherein the super-hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane has excellent hydrophobicity and has a water contact angle of 140 degrees. The invention further relates to an application of the super-hydrophobic polytetrafluoroethylene microporous membrane in a contactor.

Subject matter of the invention is the procedure and plant for industrial wastewater and / or drinking water treatment by means of electrochemical methods and advanced oxidation processes. The preparatory phase of gravitational sedimentation is followed by main treatment consisting of electrocoagulation, electrooxidation and electroflotation through action of metal electrode sets made of inox, steel and aluminium respectively, with parallel disinfection / oxidation with ozone, UV irradiation and ultrasonic treatment, as well as recirculation in the electromagnetic field. At the end of the main treatment, the mixture of floccule and water is subject to coagulation / flocculation by electrochemically generated steel and aluminium floccule with slow infusion of ozone. The next phase is separation of sediment from clean water which is discharged through sand and activated charcoal filters for the purpose of removal of light floating floccule in the collection tank. If required, the water is subject to oxidation with simultaneous action of UV irradiation and ozone for the purpose of final destruction of organic matter and ammonia, and potential residues of microbiological contamination.

Provided is a biocidal composition comprising glutaraldehyde and an oxazolidine biocidal compound. The composition is useful for controlling microorganisms in aqueous or water containing systems such as found in oil and natural gas production.

An electrodeionization apparatus has an anolyte compartment 17 having an anode 11, a catholyte compartment 18 having a cathode 12, concentrating compartments 15, and desalting compartments 16. The concentrating compartments 15 and the desalting compartments 16 are alternately formed between the anolyte compartment 17 and the catholyte compartment 18 by alternately arranging a plurality of anion-exchange membranes 13 and a plurality of cation-exchange membranes 14. The desalting compartments 16 are filled with ion-exchanger and the concentrating compartments 15 are filled with ion-exchanger, activated carbon, or electric conductor. Electrode water flows into the anolyte compartment 17 and the catholyte compartment 18. Concentrated water is introduced into the concentrating compartments 15. Raw water is fed into the desalting compartment 16 to produce the deionized water from the desalting compartment 16. Water containing silica or boron at a lower concentration than the raw water is introduced into the concentrating compartments 15 as the concentrated water in a direction from a side near an outlet for the deionized water toward a side near an inlet for the raw water of the desalting compartments 16. At least a part of concentrated water flowing out of the concentrating compartments 15 is discharged out of a circulatory system.