Space-multiplexed multi-frequency antenna element and space-multiplexed multi-frequency antenna array

Abstract

This disclosure provides a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna element and a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna array. The spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna element includes a first ring structure, a second ring structure, and gate circuits. The first ring structure and the second ring structure are concentrically arranged, and the gate circuits are used to control the opening and closing of the first ring structure and the second ring structure, respectively. When the gate circuits control the first ring structure to be closed and the second ring structure to be open, the spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna element operates in the low-frequency band. When the gate circuits control the first ring structure to be open and the second ring structure to be closed, the spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna element operates in the high-frequency band. This spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna element can improve space utilization, reduce antenna power consumption, and reduce antenna weight; it enables selective signal transmission of different frequency bands within the same physical space.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna element and a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna array. Background Technology

[0002] To adapt to the high bandwidth and high capacity characteristics of communication, 5G (5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology) base stations generally use massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) antennas. At the same time, because 5G networks operate in multiple discontinuous frequency bands such as 700-800M, SUB6G, and millimeter waves, the wireless propagation characteristics vary greatly. Conventional designs require setting up antennas dedicated to different frequency bands. Multi-band antenna design distributes antenna array elements of different frequency bands in different positions within an antenna housing. Each frequency band antenna array needs to set up its own frequency-dedicated splitter / combiner unit, filter unit, and beamforming unit, resulting in a bulky antenna shape, difficulty in reducing weight and power consumption, and inability to install in many scenarios. This is an important reason hindering the rapid construction of 5G networks.

[0003] It should be noted that the information disclosed in the background section above is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of this disclosure, and therefore may include information that does not constitute prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna element and a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna array, which can improve space utilization, reduce antenna power consumption, and reduce antenna weight; and achieve selective signal transmission of different frequency bands in the same physical space.

[0005] Other features and advantages of this disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description, or may be learned in part from practice of this disclosure.

[0006] This disclosure provides a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna unit, including: a first ring structure, a second ring structure, and a gate circuit; wherein, the first ring structure and the second ring structure are concentrically arranged, and the gate circuit is used to control the opening and closing of the first ring structure and the second ring structure respectively; when the gate circuit controls the first ring structure to be closed and the second ring structure to be open, the spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna unit operates in the low-frequency band; when the gate circuit controls the first ring structure to be open and the second ring structure to be closed, the spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna unit operates in the high-frequency band.

[0007] In some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the first ring structure includes a first ring outer ring and a first ring inner ring, and the second ring structure includes a second ring outer ring and a second ring inner ring, wherein the first ring outer ring, the first ring inner ring, the second ring outer ring, and the second ring inner ring are concentrically arranged.

[0008] In some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the gate circuit includes a first gate circuit, a second gate circuit, a third gate circuit, and a fourth gate circuit; wherein, the first gate circuit is used to control the opening and closing of the outer ring of the first ring structure; the second gate circuit is used to control the opening and closing of the inner ring of the first ring structure; the third gate circuit is used to control the opening and closing of the outer ring of the second ring structure; and the fourth gate circuit is used to control the opening and closing of the inner ring of the second ring structure.

[0009] In some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the first gate circuit is disposed on the outer ring of the first ring structure, the second gate circuit is disposed on the inner ring of the first ring structure, the third gate circuit is disposed on the outer ring of the second ring structure, and the fourth gate circuit is disposed on the inner ring of the second ring structure.

[0010] In some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the multi-frequency antenna unit further includes: a signal introduction and gate circuit control line; the signal introduction and gate circuit control line is used to introduce radio frequency signals and control gate circuits.

[0011] In some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the signal introduction and gate circuit control line includes a first signal introduction and gate circuit control line, a second signal introduction and gate circuit control line, a third signal introduction and gate circuit control line, and a fourth signal introduction and gate circuit control line; wherein, the first signal introduction and gate circuit control line is used to introduce a radio frequency signal into the first gate circuit and control the first gate circuit; the second signal introduction and gate circuit control line is used to introduce a radio frequency signal into the second gate circuit and control the second gate circuit; the third signal introduction and gate circuit control line is used to introduce a radio frequency signal into the third gate circuit and control the third gate circuit; and the fourth signal introduction and gate circuit control line is used to introduce a radio frequency signal into the fourth gate circuit and control the fourth gate circuit.

[0012] In some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the physical dimensions of the first ring structure correspond to its operating frequency band range, and the physical dimensions of the second ring structure correspond to its operating frequency band range.

[0013] In some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the first ring structure is an open-ended resonant ring or a complementary open-ended resonant ring, and the second ring structure is an open-ended resonant ring or a complementary open-ended resonant ring.

[0014] In some exemplary embodiments of this disclosure, the first ring structure is a circular ring structure or a rectangular ring structure, and the second ring structure is a circular ring structure or a rectangular ring structure.

[0015] This disclosure provides a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna array, which includes multiple spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna elements as described above.

[0016] The spatial multiplexing antenna unit provided in this disclosure can improve space utilization and reduce antenna size by setting one or more sets of ring structures of different sizes in the same physical unit space; setting one or more sets of ring structures of different sizes in a concentric manner can share beamforming units, reduce antenna power consumption, and reduce antenna weight; the physical size of the ring structure corresponds to the operating frequency band range, which can match the multi-frequency band operation characteristics of 5G networks; by controlling the opening and closing of different ring structures through gate circuits, the ring structure corresponding to the non-operating frequency band is opened, and the ring structure corresponding to the operating frequency band is closed, forming a radio frequency signal path, realizing selective signal transmission of different frequency bands in the same physical space.

[0017] It should be understood that the above general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only, and are not intended to limit this disclosure. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this disclosure and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this disclosure. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an open-loop resonator according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a complementary open-loop resonator according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna unit operating in the low-frequency band according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna unit operating in the high-frequency band according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna array operating in the low-frequency band, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna array operating in the high-frequency band according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna array coupling method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0028] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna array operating in a different frequency mode according to an exemplary embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0029] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, these exemplary embodiments can be implemented in many forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, they are provided so that this disclosure will be more comprehensive and complete, and will fully convey the concept of the exemplary embodiments to those skilled in the art. The described features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.

[0030] Furthermore, the accompanying drawings are merely illustrative of this disclosure and are not necessarily drawn to scale. The same reference numerals in the drawings denote the same or similar parts, and therefore repeated descriptions of them will be omitted. Some block diagrams shown in the drawings are functional entities and do not necessarily correspond to physically or logically independent entities. These functional entities may be implemented in software, in one or more hardware modules or integrated circuits, or in different network and / or processor devices and / or microcontroller devices.

[0031] The exemplary embodiments of this disclosure will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0033] refer to Figure 1 In this embodiment of the disclosure, the spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna unit 10 may include a first ring structure 101, a second ring structure 102, and a gate circuit 103.

[0034] The first ring structure 101 and the second ring structure 102 are arranged concentrically.

[0035] The first ring structure 101 and the second ring structure 102 can be a set of ring structures. The spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna unit in the embodiments of this disclosure can include one or more sets of ring structures. In the following examples, a set of ring structures is used as an example, but this disclosure is not limited to this.

[0036] Gate circuit 103 is used to control the opening and closing of the first ring structure 101 and the second ring structure 102 respectively; when gate circuit 103 controls the first ring structure 101 to close and the second ring structure 102 to open, the spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna unit 10 operates in the low frequency band; when gate circuit 103 controls the first ring structure 101 to open and the second ring structure 102 to close, the spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna unit 10 operates in the high frequency band.

[0037] In an exemplary embodiment, the physical dimensions of the first ring structure correspond to its operating frequency band range, and the physical dimensions of the second ring structure correspond to its operating frequency band range.

[0038] The physical dimensions of the first ring structure can be larger than those of the second ring structure. The first ring structure can be placed outside the second ring structure. The outer ring structure (i.e., the first ring structure) corresponds to a low frequency and a large operating wavelength; the inner ring structure (i.e., the second ring structure) corresponds to a high frequency and a small operating wavelength.

[0039] In this embodiment, the physical dimensions of the first ring structure and the second ring structure correspond to the operating frequency band range, which can match the characteristics of multi-band operation of 5G networks.

[0040] In an exemplary embodiment, the first ring structure is a split-ring resonator (SRR) or a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR), and the second ring structure is a split-ring resonator or a complementary split-ring resonator.

[0041] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an open-loop resonator according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0042] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a complementary open-loop resonator according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0043] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The open-loop resonator 20 or the complementary open-loop resonator 30 can achieve resonance and exhibit good bandpass characteristics under the condition that the physical size is much smaller than the operating wavelength. The embodiments of this disclosure use open-loop resonators or complementary open-loop resonators to construct miniaturized antennas.

[0044] In this embodiment, taking into account the hollow structure of the open-loop resonant ring or complementary open-loop resonant ring, and the significant wavelength differences resulting from the large frequency band variations in 5G, an antenna element with multiple concentrically etched ring structures can be designed. The outer ring structure corresponds to a lower frequency and a larger operating wavelength, while the inner ring structure corresponds to a higher frequency and a smaller operating wavelength. To control the orderly operation of the ring structures corresponding to multiple frequency bands, gate circuits can be reserved on the ring structures. These gate circuits can be controlled via microstrip lines, and radio frequency signals can be introduced through the microstrip lines.

[0045] In an exemplary embodiment, the first ring structure is a circular ring structure or a rectangular ring structure, and the second ring structure is a circular ring structure or a rectangular ring structure.

[0046] Among them, the circular ring structure can be a circular ring structure formed by an outer circular structure and an inner circular structure, and the rectangular ring structure can be a rectangular ring structure formed by an outer rectangular structure and an inner rectangular structure.

[0047] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the disclosure, a circular ring structure is used as an example for illustration, but the disclosure is not limited to this.

[0048] The spatial multiplexing antenna unit provided in this disclosure can improve space utilization and reduce antenna size by setting one or more sets of ring structures of different sizes in the same physical unit space; setting one or more sets of ring structures of different sizes in a concentric manner can share beamforming units, reduce antenna power consumption, and reduce antenna weight; the physical size of the ring structure corresponds to the operating frequency band range, which can match the multi-frequency band operation characteristics of 5G networks; by controlling the opening and closing of different ring structures through gate circuits, the ring structure corresponding to the non-operating frequency band is opened, and the ring structure corresponding to the operating frequency band is closed, forming a radio frequency signal path, realizing selective signal transmission of different frequency bands in the same physical space.

[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of another spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna unit according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0050] refer to Figure 4 The spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna element 40 may include a first ring structure, a second ring structure, and gate circuits.

[0051] The first ring structure may include an outer ring 1011 and an inner ring 1012, and the second ring structure may include an outer ring 1021 and an inner ring 1022. The outer ring 1011, the inner ring 1012, the outer ring 1021, and the inner ring 1022 are arranged concentrically.

[0052] In an exemplary embodiment, the gate circuit includes a first gate circuit 1031, a second gate circuit 1032, a third gate circuit 1033, and a fourth gate circuit 1034; wherein, the first gate circuit 1031 is used to control the opening and closing of the outer ring 1011 of the first ring structure; the second gate circuit 1032 is used to control the opening and closing of the inner ring 1012 of the first ring structure; the third gate circuit 1033 is used to control the opening and closing of the outer ring 1021 of the second ring structure; and the fourth gate circuit 1034 is used to control the opening and closing of the inner ring 1022 of the second ring structure.

[0053] In an exemplary embodiment, a first gate circuit 1031 is disposed on the outer ring 1011 of the first ring structure, a second gate circuit 1032 is disposed on the inner ring 1012 of the first ring structure, a third gate circuit 1033 is disposed on the outer ring 1021 of the second ring structure, and a fourth gate circuit 1034 is disposed on the inner ring 1022 of the second ring structure.

[0054] For example, the first gate circuit 1031 can be set on the outer ring 1011 of the first ring structure at the position corresponding to the gap in the inner ring 1012 of the first ring structure; the second gate circuit 1032 can be set on the inner ring 1012 of the first ring structure at the position corresponding to the gap in the outer ring 1011 of the first ring structure; the third gate circuit 1033 can be set on the outer ring 1021 of the second ring structure at the position corresponding to the gap in the inner ring 1022 of the second ring structure; and the fourth gate circuit 1034 can be set on the inner ring 1022 of the second ring structure at the position corresponding to the gap in the inner ring 1021 of the second ring structure.

[0055] In an exemplary embodiment, the spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna unit 40 may further include: a signal introduction and gate circuit control line; wherein the signal introduction and gate circuit control line is used to introduce radio frequency signals and control gate circuits.

[0056] In an exemplary embodiment, the signal input gate control line includes a first signal input gate control line 1041, a second signal input gate control line 1042, a third signal input gate control line 1043, and a fourth signal input gate control line 1044.

[0057] Specifically, the first signal input / gate control line 1041 is used to input the radio frequency signal to the first gate circuit 1031 and control the first gate circuit 1031; the second signal input / gate control line 1042 is used to input the radio frequency signal to the second gate circuit 1032 and control the second gate circuit 1032; the third signal input / gate control line 1043 is used to input the radio frequency signal to the third gate circuit 1033 and control the third gate circuit 1033; and the fourth signal input / gate control line 1044 is used to input the radio frequency signal to the fourth gate circuit 1034 and control the fourth gate circuit 1034.

[0058] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna unit operating in the low-frequency band according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0059] refer to Figure 5 When the space-reused multi-frequency antenna unit operates in the low-frequency band, the first signal input and gate circuit control line 1041 controls the first gate circuit 1031 to close, and the second signal input and gate circuit control line 1042 controls the second gate circuit 1032 to close. The inner ring 1012 and the outer ring 1011 of the first ring structure are closed, and the first ring structure enters the low-frequency band resonant operating state. Meanwhile, the inner ring 1022 and the outer ring 1021 of the second ring structure remain open (or open), and do not enter the resonant state.

[0060] The aforementioned signal introduction and gate circuit control line can be a microstrip.

[0061] In this embodiment, when the low-frequency circuit is operating, the two gate circuits on the inner and outer rings of the first ring structure are closed under microstrip control, and the originally independent four semicircular arcs form a complete ring structure. At the same time, the microstrip introduces radio frequency signals, and the first ring structure enters the low-frequency resonant operating state, while the two gate circuits on the second ring structure remain open and do not enter the resonant state. The overall function of the multi-frequency antenna unit is that of a low-frequency operating unit.

[0062] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna unit operating in the high-frequency band according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0063] refer to Figure 6 When the space multiplexing multi-frequency antenna unit operates in the high-frequency band, the third signal input and gate circuit control line 1043 controls the third gate circuit 1033 to close, and the fourth signal input and gate circuit control line 1044 controls the fourth gate circuit 1034 to close. The inner ring 1022 and the outer ring 1021 of the second ring structure are closed, and the second ring structure enters the high-frequency resonant operating state. Meanwhile, the inner ring 1012 and the outer ring 1011 of the first ring structure remain open (or open), and do not enter the resonant state.

[0064] In this embodiment, when the high-frequency circuit is operating, the two gate circuits on the inner and outer rings of the second ring structure are closed under microstrip control, and the originally independent four semicircular arcs form a complete ring structure. At the same time, the microstrip introduces radio frequency signals, and the second ring structure enters the high-frequency resonant operating state, while the two gate circuits on the first ring structure remain open and do not enter the resonant state. The overall function of the multi-frequency antenna unit is that of a high-frequency operating unit.

[0065] In this embodiment of the disclosure, the spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna element can be configured with one or more ring structures, and each ring structure can select its operating frequency band in the manner described above.

[0066] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna array operating in the low-frequency band, according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0067] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna array operating in the high-frequency band according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0068] The spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna array of the present disclosure embodiments may include multiple spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna elements as described above, and the multiple spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna elements may be arranged into an array.

[0069] refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 The spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna array may include multiple spatial multiplexing antenna elements 10 or multiple spatial multiplexing antenna elements 40 (not shown in the figure).

[0070] All spatial multiplexed multi-frequency antenna elements in a spatial multiplexed multi-frequency antenna array can operate simultaneously in the low-frequency band or simultaneously in the high-frequency band; alternatively, some can operate in the low-frequency band and others in the high-frequency band.

[0071] 5G communication commonly uses massive MIMO antennas to achieve high bandwidth and large capacity characteristics. Using the multi-frequency antenna array composed of the above-mentioned multi-frequency antenna elements can proportionally reduce antenna weight and power consumption.

[0072] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna array coupling method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0073] refer to Figure 9 The upper dielectric substrate / multi-frequency antenna array 901 can be located on top, and the lower dielectric substrate / signal microstrip 902 can be located below.

[0074] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram illustrating a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna array operating in a different frequency mode according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0075] refer to Figure 10 In a spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna array, some spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna elements operate in the low-frequency band, with long coverage distance, strong penetration, and a large coverage area (1001); while other spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna elements operate in the high-frequency band, with short coverage distance, a small coverage area (1002), large bandwidth, and high load.

[0076] In 5G network operation, MIMO technology can be used to direct the beam to mobile phone users, improve signal quality and increase bandwidth. However, low-frequency electromagnetic waves have strong penetration but low bandwidth, while high-frequency waves have weak penetration but high bandwidth. Single-band MIMO antennas are difficult to meet the complex and ever-changing wireless environment. Traditional multi-band MIMO antennas are difficult to compress in terms of size, weight and power consumption, which affects their application range.

[0077] The multi-frequency antenna array of this disclosure can set some units to operate in the low-frequency band, and combine them with beamforming units to cover a large number of users with low bandwidth requirements over a long distance and a large area. At the same time, some units can be set to operate in the high-frequency band, and combine them with beamforming units to cover users with high bandwidth requirements over a short distance and a small area. This achieves antenna miniaturization, lightweighting, and low power consumption while meeting various coverage scenarios.

[0078] Exemplary embodiments of this disclosure have been specifically illustrated and described above. It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the detailed structures, arrangements, or implementation methods described herein; rather, this disclosure is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent arrangements contained within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna element, characterized in that, include: The structure consists of a first ring, a second ring, and gate circuits; among which... The first ring structure and the second ring structure are arranged concentrically, and the gate circuit is used to control the opening and closing of the first ring structure and the second ring structure respectively; When the gate circuit controls the first ring structure to close and the second ring structure to open, the spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna unit operates in the low-frequency band. When the gate circuit controls the first ring structure to open and the second ring structure to close, the spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna unit operates in the high-frequency band. The first ring structure includes an outer ring and an inner ring, and the second ring structure includes an outer ring and an inner ring, wherein the outer ring, the inner ring, the outer ring, and the inner ring are concentrically arranged. The gate circuit includes a first gate circuit, a second gate circuit, a third gate circuit, and a fourth gate circuit; wherein, the first gate circuit is used to control the opening and closing of the outer ring of the first ring structure; the second gate circuit is used to control the opening and closing of the inner ring of the first ring structure; the third gate circuit is used to control the opening and closing of the outer ring of the second ring structure; and the fourth gate circuit is used to control the opening and closing of the inner ring of the second ring structure.

2. The multi-frequency antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first gate circuit is disposed on the outer ring of the first ring structure, the second gate circuit is disposed on the inner ring of the first ring structure, the third gate circuit is disposed on the outer ring of the second ring structure, and the fourth gate circuit is disposed on the inner ring of the second ring structure.

3. The multi-frequency antenna unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Also includes: The signal input and gate circuit control line is used to input radio frequency signals and control gate circuits.

4. The multi-frequency antenna unit according to claim 3, characterized in that, The signal input gate circuit control line includes a first signal input gate circuit control line, a second signal input gate circuit control line, a third signal input gate circuit control line, and a fourth signal input gate circuit control line. Wherein, the first signal input / gate circuit control line is used to input the radio frequency signal into the first gate circuit and control the first gate circuit; the second signal input / gate circuit control line is used to input the radio frequency signal into the second gate circuit and control the second gate circuit; the third signal input / gate circuit control line is used to input the radio frequency signal into the third gate circuit and control the third gate circuit; and the fourth signal input / gate circuit control line is used to input the radio frequency signal into the fourth gate circuit and control the fourth gate circuit.

5. The multi-frequency antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The physical dimensions of the first ring structure correspond to its operating frequency band range, and the physical dimensions of the second ring structure correspond to its operating frequency band range.

6. The multi-frequency antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first ring structure is an open-ended resonant ring or a complementary open-ended resonant ring, and the second ring structure is an open-ended resonant ring or a complementary open-ended resonant ring.

7. The multi-frequency antenna unit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first ring structure is a circular ring structure or a rectangular ring structure, and the second ring structure is a circular ring structure or a rectangular ring structure.

8. A spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna array, characterized in that, The spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna array includes a plurality of spatial multiplexing multi-frequency antenna elements as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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