A fertilization method for rice to save fertilizer and increase yield and efficiency
By soaking the roots of monoammonium phosphate solution and fertilizing seedlings in batches, the problem of high fertilizer usage in the southern rice areas was solved, and the double improvement of fertilizer reduction and rice yield was achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202211497399.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2022-11-28
- Publication Date
- 2025-07-04
- Estimated Expiration
- 2042-11-28
AI Technical Summary
The consumption of fertilizers in the southern rice areas remains high, and the proportion of base fertilizer is too high, resulting in low fertilizer utilization and limited increase in rice yield.
The seedlings are soaked in the monoammonium phosphate solution, and combined with the appropriate soaking time and dipping amount of roots, the amount of base fertilizer is reduced, and the tiller fertilizer application method of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer is combined to improve field management.
The fertilizer reduction was achieved by more than 20%, and the rice yield increased by 1.12% to 47.90%, which increased fertilizer utilization and rice yield.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of scientific fertilization production for southern rice, and particularly relates to a fertilization method for reducing fertilizer consumption, increasing yield and efficiency of rice. Background Technique
[0002] Chemical fertilizers are important agricultural production materials and are the "grain" of food. Chemical fertilizers play an irreplaceable role in promoting the development of food and agricultural production. Rice is the largest food crop in China, accounting for about 40% of the total grain output. The paddy field area in the south accounts for about 82% of the country. Therefore, reducing fertilizer consumption and increasing efficiency of chemical fertilizers in the southern rice region is of great significance for realizing the efficient utilization of chemical fertilizers and the green development of agriculture in China.
[0003] The amount of chemical fertilizers used in rice remains high. One important reason is that the proportion of basal fertilizer is too high. Under conventional fertilization, the amount of basal nitrogen fertilizer accounts for about 50% of the total applied amount. The fertilizers not absorbed and utilized by rice seedlings at the seedling stage are lost through various channels such as volatilization, runoff and leaching, resulting in low fertilizer utilization rate in paddy fields. Taking the replacement of chemical fertilizer basal fertilizer as the breakthrough point, achieving the goals of reducing fertilizer consumption and increasing yield and efficiency is an urgent problem to be solved in current rice fertilization. Summary of the Invention
[0004] The present invention aims at the above problems and provides a fertilization method for reducing fertilizer consumption, increasing yield and efficiency of rice to achieve the dual goals of reducing fertilizer consumption and increasing yield and efficiency.
[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
[0006] A fertilization method for reducing fertilizer consumption, increasing yield and efficiency of rice, comprising the following steps:
[0007] 1) Seedling raising, fertilizer root dipping and transplanting: Raise seedlings in seedling trays, with the seed amount per tray controlled at 80 - 100 g. Use a monoammonium phosphate solution with a mass concentration of 10 - 20% to dip the roots of seedlings with a seedling age of 18 - 25 d. The liquid dipping amount per seedling tray is controlled at 0.4 - 0.6 kg, and the root dipping time is 40 - 60 s. After the root dipping is completed, take out and transplant within 2 h. The water evaporation amount of the seedling tray with root dipping treatment shall not exceed 0.2 kg;
[0008] 2) Fertilization: Except for the root dipping fertilizer, the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied during the growth period is 5.6 - 11.2 kg / mu, and the total amount of phosphate fertilizer applied is 0.75 - 4.8 kg / mu;
[0009] 3) Field management: For water management, adopt the intermittent irrigation method of shallow, wet and dry, and pay attention to preventing and controlling diseases and pests.
[0010] Among them, the monoammonium phosphate solution in step 1) contains 1% - 3% of humic acid by mass concentration.
[0011] Among them, the nitrogen fertilizer in step 2) is selected from urea and nitrogen-containing compound fertilizers.
[0012] Among them, the phosphate fertilizer described in step 2) is selected from superphosphate and phosphorus-containing compound fertilizer.
[0013] Among them, the fertilization described in step 2) is specifically: except for the root-dipping fertilizer, 100% of the total nitrogen fertilizer application rate and 100% of the total phosphate fertilizer application rate are applied as tillering fertilizers 10 - 15 days after transplanting.
[0014] Among them, the fertilization described in step 2) can also be: except for the root-dipping fertilizer, 60% of the total nitrogen fertilizer application rate and 100% of the total phosphate fertilizer application rate are applied as tillering fertilizers 10 - 15 days after transplanting; 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer application rate is applied as ear fertilizers 45 - 60 days after transplanting.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the significant advantages of the present invention are as follows:
[0016] First, it is beneficial to mechanized operation, realizes the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, and greatly improves the fertilization efficiency; second, it is beneficial to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers for rice, and the nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers can be reduced by more than 20%, achieving the dual goals of fertilizer saving and high-yield and efficiency increase; third, it changes the traditional fertilization method, replaces the whole-layer fertilization of the plough layer with the root-dipping method and root-zone fertilization, and effectively improves the utilization rate of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Specific embodiments
[0017] Next, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0018] Example 1
[0019] Test materials: This test was carried out in a rice planting test field in Xiamao Town, Shaxian District, Sanming City, Fujian Province. The soil type is grey mud field, and the available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter contents are 164.8 mg / kg, 10.6 mg / kg, 109.0 mg / kg, and 29.9 g / kg respectively, and the pH value is 5.07. The tested variety is "Yongyou 1540", which is suitable for cultivating ratooning rice in the Sanming rice area.
[0020] Test methods: A total of 2 treatment groups were designed in this test, and different fertilization methods were used for treatment, namely conventional fertilization (whole-layer fertilization of the plough layer) and root-zone fertilization by the root-dipping method. Each group was repeated 1 time.
[0021] (1) Conventional fertilization (whole-layer fertilization of the plough layer)
[0022] ① Seedling raising and transplanting: Raise seedlings in seedling trays. Each seedling tray measures 60 cm * 30 cm, and the seeding rate per tray is controlled at about 90 g. After harrowing the field, use a Kubota riding high-speed transplanter (2ZGQ-6B (NSPU-68CM)) for transplanting. Plant 5 seedlings per hill, with a row spacing of 30 cm × 18 cm, and the seedling age at transplanting is 25 days.
[0023] ② Fertilization: The total amount of fertilizer applied is 11 kg / acre of nitrogen fertilizer (urea, N) and 4.4 kg / acre of phosphate fertilizer (superphosphate, P2O5). The basal fertilizer is 60% of the total nitrogen fertilizer application rate and 100% of the total phosphate fertilizer application rate applied before the last harrowing; 15 days after transplanting, 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer application rate is applied as tillering fertilizer.
[0024] ③ Field management: For water management, adopt the intermittent irrigation method of shallow, wet, and dry, and pay attention to preventing and controlling pests and diseases.
[0025] (2) Root zone fertilization by root soaking method
[0026] ① Seedling raising, fertilizer root soaking, and transplanting: Raise seedlings in seedling trays. Each seedling tray measures 60 cm * 30 cm, and the seeding rate per tray is controlled at about 90 g. After harrowing the field, soak the roots of the seedlings with a 10% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution (containing 1% humic acid by mass concentration). The liquid dipping amount per seedling tray is controlled at 0.4 - 0.6 kg, and the root soaking time is 40 s. After soaking, take out the seedlings and use a Kubota riding high-speed transplanter (2ZGQ-6B (NSPU-68CM)) for transplanting within 2 hours (to ensure that the water evaporation amount of the root-dipped seedling trays does not exceed 0.2 kg). Plant 5 seedlings per hill, with a row spacing of 30 cm × 18 cm, and the seedling age at transplanting is 25 days.
[0027] ② Fertilization: The total amount of fertilizer applied in this invention is 8.25 kg / acre of nitrogen fertilizer (urea, N) and 3.3 kg / acre of phosphate fertilizer (superphosphate, P2O5). 15 days after transplanting, 100% of the total nitrogen fertilizer application rate and 100% of the total phosphate fertilizer application rate are applied as tillering fertilizer.
[0028] ③ Field management: The same as conventional fertilization.
[0029] Test results: Under the condition of conventional fertilization, the first crop yield of ratoon rice is 527 kg / acre. Under the condition of root zone fertilization by root soaking method, the first crop yield of ratoon rice is 532.9 kg / acre. Compared with conventional fertilization, the first crop yield of ratoon rice under the condition of root zone fertilization by root soaking method has increased by 1.12%. The above results show that through root soaking with 10% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, on the basis of reducing nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers by 20%, this invention can achieve stable and high yields of the first crop of ratoon rice.
[0030] Example 2
[0031] Test materials: This test was carried out in a rice planting test field in Baisha, Minhou County, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province. The soil type is yellow mud field, and the contents of total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter are 1.23 g / kg, 171.6 mg / kg, 13.5 mg / kg, 83.4 mg / kg, and 24.4 g / kg respectively, and the pH value is 4.78. The tested variety is "Zhongzheyou 8", which is suitable for single-season rice cultivation in the Fuzhou rice area.
[0032] Test methods: A total of 2 treatment groups were designed in this test, and different fertilization methods were used for treatment, namely conventional fertilization (plowing layer full-layer fertilization) and root zone fertilization by root dipping method. Each group was replicated 3 times.
[0033] (1)Conventional fertilization (plowing layer full-layer fertilization)
[0034] ① Seedling raising and transplanting: Seedling raising in seedling trays, each seedling tray with a specification of 60 cm * 30 cm, and the seed amount per tray was controlled at about 90 g. After harrowing the field, use a Lane rice transplanter (2ZG-6Q) for transplanting, with 5 plants inserted per hole, and the row spacing of 30 cm × 18 cm. The seedling age was 20 d at the time of transplanting.
[0035] ② Fertilization: The total amount of fertilizer applied was 9 kg / acre of nitrogen fertilizer (urea, N) and 3.6 kg / acre of phosphate fertilizer (superphosphate, P2O5). The base fertilizer was 60% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and 100% of the total amount of phosphate fertilizer applied before the last harrowing; 15 days after transplanting, 40% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer was applied as tillering fertilizer.
[0036] ③ Field management: The same as the conventional fertilization in Example 1.
[0037] (2)Root zone fertilization by root dipping method
[0038] ① Seedling raising, fertilizer root dipping and transplanting: Seedling raising in seedling trays, each seedling tray with a specification of 60 cm * 30 cm, and the seed amount per tray was controlled at about 90 g. After harrowing the field, use a 20% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution (containing 3% humic acid by mass concentration) to dip the roots of the seedlings. The liquid dipping amount per seedling tray was controlled at 0.4 - 0.6 kg, and the root dipping time was 50 s. After the root dipping, take out and use a Lane rice transplanter (2ZG-6Q) for transplanting within 2 hours (to ensure that the water evaporation amount of the seedling trays with dipped roots does not exceed 0.2 kg), with 5 plants inserted per hole, and the row spacing of 30 cm × 18 cm. The seedling age was 20 d at the time of transplanting.
[0039] ② Fertilization: Except for the dipping liquid fertilizer amount, the total amount of fertilizer applied in this invention was 7.2 kg / acre of nitrogen fertilizer (urea, N) and 1 kg / acre of phosphate fertilizer (superphosphate, P2O5). 15 days after transplanting, 100% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and 100% of the total amount of phosphate fertilizer were applied as tillering fertilizer.
[0040] ③ Field management: The same as the conventional fertilization in Example 1.
[0041] Test results: Under the condition of conventional fertilization, the yield of single-season rice was 297.3 kg / mu. Under the condition of root zone fertilization by the root dipping method, the yield of single-season rice was 439.7 kg / mu. Compared with conventional fertilization, the yield of single-season rice increased by 47.90% under the condition of root zone fertilization by the root dipping method. The above results show that by dipping the roots with 20% monoammonium phosphate, on the basis of reducing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers by 20%, the present invention can increase the yield of single-season rice.
[0042] Example 3
[0043] Test materials: This example carried out a pot experiment simulation. Each pot was filled with 5 kg of air-dried soil with a water content of less than 3%. The contents of total nitrogen, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter in the soil matrix were 1.26 g / kg, 151.3 mg / kg, 3.1 mg / kg, 137.1 mg / kg, and 25.2 g / kg respectively, and the pH value was 4.86. The tested variety was "Zhongzheyou 8".
[0044] Test method: A total of 5 treatment groups were designed in this test and treated with different fertilization methods, namely conventional fertilization, root dipping with 10% monoammonium phosphate + one-time application of nitrogen and phosphorus tillering fertilizers, root dipping with 10% monoammonium phosphate + two-time application of nitrogen and phosphorus tillering fertilizers and panicle fertilizers, root dipping with 20% monoammonium phosphate + one-time application of nitrogen and phosphorus tillering fertilizers, root dipping with 20% monoammonium phosphate + two-time application of nitrogen and phosphorus tillering fertilizers and panicle fertilizers. Each group was replicated 3 times. Water management was carried out according to the intermittent irrigation method of shallow, wet, and dry, and attention was paid to preventing and controlling pests and diseases.
[0045] (1) Conventional fertilization
[0046] ① Seedling raising and transplanting: Seedling raising in seedling trays, each seedling tray with a specification of 60 cm * 30 cm, and the seeding rate per tray was controlled at about 90 g. Sowing was carried out before May 1, 2021, and 2 seedlings were transplanted into each pot on May 21, and the seedling age was 20 d at the time of transplanting.
[0047] ② Fertilization: The total amount of fertilizer applied was 0.6 g / pot of nitrogen fertilizer (urea, N) and 0.24 g / pot of phosphorus fertilizer (superphosphate, P2O5). 60% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer and 100% of the total amount of phosphorus fertilizer were mixed evenly with the corresponding soil in the pot as the base fertilizer before filling the soil; 40% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer was applied as the tillering fertilizer 15 d after transplanting.
[0048] (2) Root dipping with 10% monoammonium phosphate + one-time application of nitrogen and phosphorus tillering fertilizers
[0049] ① Seedling raising, root dipping with fertilizer and transplanting: Raise seedlings in seedling trays. Each seedling tray is 60 cm * 30 cm in size, and the seeding rate per tray is controlled at about 90 g. Sow before May 1, 2021. On May 21, dip the roots of the seedlings with a 10% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution (containing 1% humic acid) by mass concentration. The dipping liquid amount per seedling tray is controlled at 0.4 - 0.6 kg, and the root dipping time is 40 s. After root dipping, take out the seedlings and transplant 2 seedlings per pot within 2 hours (to ensure that the water evaporation amount of the seedling tray treated by root dipping does not exceed 0.2 kg). The seedling age at the time of transplanting is 20 days.
[0050] ② Fertilization: Except for the dipping liquid fertilizer amount, the total fertilization amount is 0.45 g / pot of nitrogen fertilizer (urea, N) and 0.18 g / pot of phosphate fertilizer (superphosphate, P2O5). 12 days after transplanting, apply 100% of the total nitrogen fertilizer amount and 100% of the total phosphate fertilizer amount as tillering fertilizer.
[0051] (3)10% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate root dipping + nitrogen and phosphorus tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer secondary fertilization
[0052] ① Seedling raising, root dipping with fertilizer and transplanting: Raise seedlings in seedling trays. Each seedling tray is 60 cm * 30 cm in size, and the seeding rate per tray is controlled at about 90 g. Sow before May 1, 2021. On May 21, dip the roots of the seedlings with a 10% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution (containing 1% humic acid) by mass concentration. The dipping liquid amount per seedling tray is controlled at 0.4 - 0.6 kg, and the root dipping time is 40 s. After root dipping, take out the seedlings and transplant 2 seedlings per pot within 2 hours (to ensure that the water evaporation amount of the seedling tray treated by root dipping does not exceed 0.2 kg). The seedling age at the time of transplanting is 20 days.
[0053] ② Fertilization: Except for the dipping liquid fertilizer amount, the total fertilization amount is 0.45 g / pot of nitrogen fertilizer (urea, N) and 0.18 g / pot of phosphate fertilizer (superphosphate, P2O5). 12 days after transplanting, apply 60% of the total nitrogen fertilizer amount and 100% of the total phosphate fertilizer amount as tillering fertilizer; 47 days after transplanting, apply 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer amount as panicle fertilizer.
[0054] (4)20% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate root dipping + nitrogen and phosphorus tillering fertilizer one - time fertilization
[0055] ① Seedling raising, root dipping with fertilizer and transplanting: Raise seedlings in seedling trays. Each seedling tray is 60 cm * 30 cm in size, and the seeding rate per tray is controlled at about 90 g. Sow before May 1, 2021. On May 21, dip the roots of the seedlings with a 20% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution (containing 3% humic acid) by mass concentration. The dipping liquid amount per seedling tray is controlled at 0.4 - 0.6 kg, and the root dipping time is 50 s. After root dipping, take out the seedlings and transplant 2 seedlings per pot within 2 hours (to ensure that the water evaporation amount of the seedling tray treated by root dipping does not exceed 0.2 kg). The seedling age at the time of transplanting is 20 days.
[0056] ② Fertilization: Except for the amount of liquid fertilizer for dipping, the total fertilization amount is 0.45 g / pot of nitrogen fertilizer (urea, N) and 0.18 g / pot of phosphorus fertilizer (superphosphate, P2O5). 12 days after transplanting, 100% of the total nitrogen fertilizer application rate and 100% of the total phosphorus fertilizer application rate are applied as tillering fertilizers.
[0057] (5)20% Monoammonium Phosphate Root Dipping + Nitrogen and Phosphorus Tillering Fertilizer and Panicle Fertilizer Secondary Fertilization
[0058] ① Seedling raising, fertilizer root dipping and transplanting: Seedling raising in seedling trays, each seedling tray with a specification of 60 cm * 30 cm, and the seed amount per tray is controlled at about 90 g. Before May 1, 2021, sowing is carried out. On May 21, the seedlings are treated by dipping the roots with a 20% monoammonium phosphate solution (containing 3% humic acid by mass concentration). The dipping liquid amount per seedling tray is controlled at 0.4 - 0.6 kg, the root dipping time is 50 s. After the root dipping is completed, take out the seedlings, and transplant 2 seedlings per pot within 2 hours (to ensure that the water evaporation amount of the seedling tray with root dipping treatment does not exceed 0.2 kg). The seedling age at the time of transplanting is 20 days.
[0059] ② Fertilization: Except for the amount of liquid fertilizer for dipping, the total fertilization amount is 0.45 g / pot of nitrogen fertilizer (urea, N) and 0.18 g / pot of phosphorus fertilizer (superphosphate, P2O5). 12 days after transplanting, 60% of the total nitrogen fertilizer application rate and 100% of the total phosphorus fertilizer application rate are applied as tillering fertilizers; 47 days after transplanting, 40% of the total nitrogen fertilizer application rate is applied as panicle fertilizer.
[0060] Test results: Under the condition of conventional fertilization, the rice yield is 7.03 g / pot. Under the condition of 10% monoammonium phosphate root dipping + nitrogen and phosphorus tillering fertilizer single fertilization, the rice yield is 10.24 g / pot. Under the condition of 10% monoammonium phosphate root dipping + nitrogen and phosphorus tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer secondary fertilization, the rice yield is 10.36 g / pot. Under the condition of 20% monoammonium phosphate root dipping + nitrogen and phosphorus tillering fertilizer single fertilization, the rice yield is 11.85 g / pot. Under the condition of 20% monoammonium phosphate root dipping + nitrogen and phosphorus tillering fertilizer and panicle fertilizer secondary fertilization, the rice yield is 9.9 g / pot. The above results show that by dipping the roots with 10% - 20% concentration of monoammonium phosphate and reducing the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers by 20%, the present invention can increase the rice yield by 40.8% - 68.6%, and the yield increase effect is significant.
Claims
1. A fertilization method for rice to save fertilizer, increase yield and improve efficiency, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: 1) Seedling raising, root dipping with fertilizer and transplanting: Raise seedlings in seedling trays, with the seeding rate per tray controlled at 80 - 100 g. Use a monoammonium phosphate solution with a mass concentration of 10% - 20% to dip the seedlings at the age of 18 - 25 days. The liquid dipping amount per seedling tray is controlled at 0.4 - 0.6 kg, and the dipping time is 40 - 60 s. After dipping, take out the seedlings and transplant them within 2 h. The water evaporation amount of the seedling trays after root dipping shall not exceed 0.2 kg. Among them, the monoammonium phosphate solution contains humic acid with a mass concentration of 1% - 3%. 2) Fertilization: Except for the root-dipping fertilizer, the total nitrogen application amount during the growth period is 5.6 - 11.2 kg / mu, and the total phosphorus application amount is 0.75 - 4.8 kg / mu. Among them, except for the root-dipping fertilizer, 100% of the total nitrogen application amount and 100% of the total phosphorus application amount are applied as tillering fertilizers 10 - 15 days after transplanting. 3) Field management: For water management, adopt the intermittent irrigation method of shallow, wet and dry, and pay attention to preventing and controlling diseases and pests.
2. The fertilization method for rice to save fertilizer, increase yield and enhance efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen fertilizer described in step 2) is selected from urea and nitrogen-containing compound fertilizers.
3. The fertilization method for rice to save fertilizer, increase yield and efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phosphorus fertilizer described in step 2) is selected from superphosphate and phosphorus-containing compound fertilizers.
4. A fertilization method for rice to save fertilizer, increase yield and efficiency, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: 1) Seedling raising, root dipping with fertilizer and transplanting: Raise seedlings in seedling trays, with the seeding rate per tray controlled at 80 - 100 g. Use a monoammonium phosphate solution with a mass concentration of 10% - 20% to dip the seedlings at the age of 18 - 25 days. The liquid dipping amount per seedling tray is controlled at 0.4 - 0.6 kg, and the dipping time is 40 - 60 s. After dipping, take out the seedlings and transplant them within 2 h. The water evaporation amount of the seedling trays after root dipping shall not exceed 0.2 kg. Among them, the monoammonium phosphate solution contains humic acid with a mass concentration of 1% - 3%. 2) Fertilization: Except for the root-dipping fertilizer, the total nitrogen application amount during the growth period is 5.6 - 11.2 kg / mu, and the total phosphorus application amount is 0.75 - 4.8 kg / mu. Among them, except for the root-dipping fertilizer, 60% of the total nitrogen application amount and 100% of the total phosphorus application amount are applied as tillering fertilizers 10 - 15 days after transplanting; 40% of the total nitrogen application amount is applied as panicle fertilizer 45 - 60 days after transplanting. 3) Field management: For water management, adopt the intermittent irrigation method of shallow, wet and dry, and pay attention to preventing and controlling diseases and pests.
5. A fertilization method for rice to save fertilizer and increase yield and efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nitrogen fertilizer described in step 2) is selected from urea and nitrogen-containing compound fertilizers.
6. A fertilization method for rice to save fertilizer, increase yield and improve efficiency according to claim 1, characterized in that: The phosphorus fertilizer described in step 2) is selected from superphosphate and phosphorus-containing compound fertilizers.