A cultivation method suitable for mechanical harvesting of Dendrobium officinale and its harvesting machine

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cultivation method suitable for mechanical harvesting of Dendrobium officinale and its harvesting machine, which includes three parts: the setting of planting pots, the preparation of substrates, and the management of plants; among them, the setting of planting pots includes setting the bottom of the pot as a grid structure, placing substrates in the pot, and an internal fixing frame in the pot, and support columns are arranged in the internal fixing frame of the pot; the substrate preparation includes green manure cultivation, mixing crushed materials, and stacking; the plant management includes transplanting, branch selection, and pruning; the harvesting machine is equipped with a harvesting system, and a cutting blade is arranged in the harvesting system. Through the cultivation method suitable for mechanical harvesting provided by this application, it provides growth conditions for potted Dendrobium officinale, meets the growth requirements of the plants, and also meets the operation requirements of the Dendrobium officinale harvesting machine provided by this application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of horticulture, in particular to a cultivation method suitable for mechanical harvesting of Dendrobium officinale and a harvesting machine therefor. Background Art

[0002] Dendrobium officinale is a precious Chinese medicinal material, with a relatively high price in the market and is welcomed by consumers. Its aliases include Black Knuckle Grass, Yunnan Dendrobium, Dendrobium officinale, etc., and it is known as the top of the "Nine Great Immortality Herbs". In traditional Chinese medicine theory, it has the effects of benefiting the stomach and promoting fluid production, nourishing yin and clearing heat, etc. Modern pharmacological research shows that Dendrobium officinale contains polysaccharides, alkaloids, amino acids and other components, and has the effects of anti-tumor, anti-aging, enhancing the body's immunity, dilating blood vessels and anti-platelet aggregation. Therefore, it is widely used in clinical practice, traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations and health products.

[0003] In recent years, with the continuous heating up of the Dendrobium officinale market, more and more growers have started to cultivate Dendrobium officinale artificially. At present, in the production process of Dendrobium officinale, agricultural machinery is less used. The existing planting agronomy of Dendrobium officinale, such as bionic cultivation, field cultivation, etc., cannot be matched with mechanical harvesting. At present, the harvesting link of Dendrobium officinale must rely on manual labor, with low production efficiency and high production cost. When simply optimizing the application of wheat harvesters, rice harvesters, etc. to the harvesting of Dendrobium officinale, the harvesting method does not match the planting mode, and problems such as inability to harvest in batches and serious branch fragmentation are likely to occur, and the organic integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy cannot be achieved, which restricts the development of the Dendrobium officinale industry. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a cultivation method suitable for mechanical harvesting of Dendrobium officinale and a harvesting machine therefor, which simulates the growth environment of Dendrobium officinale in the wild, provides growth conditions for potted Dendrobium officinale, provides operating conditions for realizing mechanical harvesting, meets the growth needs of plants, is beneficial to the growth of Dendrobium officinale, and improves the yield of Dendrobium officinale.

[0005] The present invention is realized by the following scheme: A cultivation method suitable for mechanical harvesting of Dendrobium officinale includes the following steps: (1) Setting of the planting pot: The bottom of the planting pot is a grid structure, a fixing frame is placed in the pot, and support columns for fixing the stems of Dendrobium officinale are arranged inside the fixing frame;

[0006] (2) Green manure cultivation: By weight, after mixing in the ratio of cow dung: corn straw: mushroom residue: fermentation bacteria agent: urea: water = 100:200:100:2:3:200, ferment for 140 - 160 days, dry the fermented product until the moisture content is 35% - 45%, and mix it with sawdust in a weight ratio of 2:3 to obtain green manure;

[0007] (3)Mixing crushed materials: Pass river sand through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain fine sand. Mix the fine sand and vermiculite in a ratio of 1:1 to get the first-layer mixed material; Crush bark into pieces as the second-layer mixed material; Crush wild grass or straw leaves into pieces with a diameter less than 1 cm, add an appropriate amount of fermentation inoculant and ferment for 5 days, take out the fermented product and dry it until the moisture content is lower than 30% as the surface-layer mixed material.

[0008] (4)Stacking the substrates: First, place the first-layer mixed material in the planting pot, level it and then place the second-layer mixed material, level it and then place green manure, level it and then place the surface-layer mixed material.

[0009] (5)Transplanting: Select seedlings with a height of more than 5 cm and transplant them into the planting pot, making the root system layer of the seedlings below the surface-layer mixed material.

[0010] (6)Branch selection: After the plant height exceeds 12 cm, select old branches and tie them with the first bunch of branch loops on the surface of the support column, and separate the new branches from the support column.

[0011] (7)Pruning: Regularly remove old leaves. Every 30 days, measure the branch length, and repeat the operation in step (6) for old branches and new branches. For branches with a length exceeding 18 cm, tie them with the second bunch of branch loops at a height of 18 cm; After a period of time, for branches with a length exceeding 26 cm, tie them with the third bunch of branch loops at a height of 26 cm.

[0012] Further, in step (1), the planting pot has a height of 15 cm, a top diameter of 12 cm, and a bottom diameter of 8 cm, and the mesh diameter of the grid structure at the bottom of the planting pot is less than 1.5 cm.

[0013] Further, in steps (6) and (7), the height of the first bunch of branch loops from the top of the planting pot is 10 cm, the height of the second bunch of branch loops from the first bunch of branch loops is 8 cm, and the height of the third bunch of branch loops from the second bunch of branch loops is 6 - 8 cm; The branch loops are made by kneading and drying rice straw.

[0014] Further, in step (4), the height of the first-layer mixed material is 4 cm, the height of the second-layer mixed material is 5 cm, the height of the green manure is 4 cm, and the height of the surface-layer mixed material is 2 cm.

[0015] Another technical solution of the present invention: A Dendrobium officinale harvesting machine, including a chassis with wheels, a harvesting system is provided above the front part of the chassis, the harvesting system includes a harvesting housing, a storage box is provided at the rear part of the chassis, an entrance for Dendrobium officinale to enter is provided at the front end of the harvesting housing, a harvesting mechanism is provided inside the harvesting housing, a temporary storage cavity is arranged behind the harvesting mechanism, the entrance end face of the harvesting housing is an inclined plane and the included angle with the horizontal plane is 65 - 80°, and a number of flexible baffle plates are respectively provided on both sides of the entrance of the harvesting housing; the harvesting mechanism includes a pair of feeding shafts located on both sides inside the harvesting housing, the feeding shafts are inclined and parallel to the entrance end face, a number of feeding claws are distributed at intervals on the feeding shafts, and a cutting knife is provided at the lower end of the feeding shaft.

[0016] Further, the harvesting housing and the storage box are connected by a conveying device, the conveying device is located below the temporary storage cavity of the harvesting housing, and the discharging end of the conveying device is located in the storage box; a pair of parallel rolling columns are provided on both sides of the temporary storage cavity, the rolling columns are inclined and parallel to the feeding shafts, and convex points are distributed on the rolling columns.

[0017] Further, the height of the harvesting line of the harvesting system from the surface of the planting pot is 8 cm.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] (1) Optimize the cultivation mode. By setting the cultivation pots, the internal structure of the pots and the matrix distribution with unified specifications, the longer stems of Dendrobium officinale are bound to the surface of the support rods, providing operating conditions for the subsequent harvesting machine to quickly cut Dendrobium officinale, facilitating the realization of mechanized harvesting, and being able to greatly reduce production costs and improve production efficiency;

[0020] (2) By cultivating green manure, mixing crushed materials and stacking them, the growth environment of Dendrobium officinale in the wild is simulated, providing growth conditions for potted Dendrobium officinale, meeting the growth needs of the plants, being beneficial to the growth of Dendrobium officinale, and increasing the yield of Dendrobium officinale;

[0021] (3) The harvesting of Dendrobium officinale is achieved one by one in sequence through the harvesting system, which is not easy to damage the tissue on the surface of the plant stems, being beneficial to improving the commercial quality, realizing batch harvesting, achieving multiple harvests from one planting, promoting the growth of Dendrobium officinale, ensuring the yield of Dendrobium officinale, and realizing the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy in the cultivation and harvesting process of Dendrobium officinale, meeting the overall requirements of the country for the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy.

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following will further elaborate on the present invention through specific embodiments and related drawings. Description of the Drawings

[0023] Figure 1 It is a cultivation mode diagram of Dendrobium officinale plants in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 Internal structure diagram of the planting pot in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 Schematic structural diagram of the Dendrobium officinale harvesting machine in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the harvesting housing mechanism of the Dendrobium officinale harvesting machine in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 is Figure 4 K-direction view of;

[0028] Explanation of the reference numerals in the figure: 1 - harvesting system, 2 - temporary storage cavity, 3 - conveying device, 4 - shockproof buffer pad, 5 - chassis, 6 - storage box, 7 - transmission system, 8 - wheels, 9 - seat, 10 - direction control system, 11 - harvesting housing, 12 - flexible baffle, 13 - blade, 14 - first motor, 15 - material dialing shaft, 16 - material dialing claw, 17 - rolling column. Detailed implementation manners

[0029] It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present application belongs.

[0030] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only for describing specific implementation manners and are not intended to limit the exemplary implementation manners according to the present application. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0031] Embodiment 1:

[0032] As Figures 1 - 2 shown, a cultivation method suitable for machine harvesting of Dendrobium officinale includes the following steps:

[0033] (1) Planting pot setting: The bottom of the planting pot is a grid structure. A fixing frame is placed in the pot, and support columns for fixing the stems of Dendrobium officinale are arranged inside the fixing frame. The support columns are fixed in the fixing frame inside the planting pot and do not affect the growth of the seedlings.

[0034] (2) Green manure cultivation: After mixing according to the ratio of cow dung: corn straw: mushroom residue: fermentation inoculant: urea: water = 100:200:100:2:3:200 by weight, ferment for 150 days, dry the fermented material until the moisture content is 40%, and mix it with sawdust at a ratio of 2:3 (by weight) to obtain green manure;

[0035] (3) Mixed crushed materials: Pass river sand through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain fine sand, and mix the fine sand with vermiculite at a ratio of 1:1 to obtain the first layer of mixed materials; Crush the bark into fragments with a diameter of about 2 cm as the second layer of mixed materials; Crush wild grass or straw leaves into fragments with a diameter less than 1 cm, add an appropriate amount of fermentation inoculant and ferment for 5 days, take out the fermented material and dry it until the moisture content is less than 30% as the surface layer of mixed materials;

[0036] (4) Substrate stacking: First, place the first layer of mixed materials in the planting pot, level it and then place the second layer of mixed materials, level it and then place the green manure, level it and then place the surface layer of mixed materials;

[0037] (5) Transplanting: Select seedlings with a height of more than 5 cm and transplant them into the planting pot, so that the root system layer of the seedlings is below the surface layer of mixed materials (i.e., more than 2 cm below the substrate surface);

[0038] (6) Branch selection: After the plant height exceeds 12 cm, select old branches (length more than 10 cm) and bundle them on the surface of the support column with the first branch loop, but the branch loop cannot affect the growth of the branches and cannot damage the branches; Peel the new branches (length less than 10 cm) from the support column;

[0039] (7) Pruning: Regularly remove the old leaves. After an interval of 30 days, measure the branch length, and repeat the operation in step (6) for the old branches and new branches (i.e., select old branches (length more than 10 cm) and bundle them on the surface of the support column with the first branch loop, peel the new branches (length less than 10 cm) from the support column), and bundle the branches with a length more than 18 cm at a height of 18 cm with the second branch loop; After an interval of a period of time, bundle the branches with a length more than 26 cm at a height of 26 cm with the third branch loop.

[0040] In this embodiment, in step (1), the height of the planting pot is 15 cm, the top diameter is 12 cm, the bottom diameter is 8 cm, and the diameter of the mesh holes of the grid structure at the bottom of the planting pot is less than 1.5 cm.

[0041] In this embodiment, in steps (6) and (7), the height of the first branch loop from the top of the planting pot is 10 cm, the height of the second branch loop from the first branch loop is 8 cm, and the height of the third branch loop from the second branch loop is 8 cm; The branch loop is made by kneading and drying rice straw.

[0042] In this embodiment, in step (4), the height of the first - layer mixed material is 4 cm, the height of the second - layer mixed material is 5 cm, the height of the green manure is 4 cm, and the height of the surface - layer mixed material is 2 cm.

[0043] In this embodiment, the support column can be made by cutting wood or by compressing wood chips, and the hardness of the support column is less than 5 MPa.

[0044] In this embodiment, the bark is the bark of poplar, pine, yew, cypress, etc. It can be prepared from one of them or a mixture of several of them.

[0045] To illustrate the superiority of the cultivation method provided in Embodiment 1 by comparison, in the first experimental group, the cultivation method provided in this embodiment was selected, and in the second experimental group, the traditional cultivation method was selected (fertilization method: mix sheep manure and rapeseed cake in a mass ratio of 100:30 and ferment for one month, then fertilize at a standard of 500 catties per mu). In the same environment of a shaded greenhouse, the same kind of Dendrobium officinale was cultivated, and the irrigation method and pest and disease control method were kept consistent.

[0046] Table 1 Effects of cultivation methods on the fresh weight of Dendrobium officinale

[0047] 10 days after transplanting (g / plant) 20 days after transplanting (g / plant) 30 days after transplanting (g / plant) Test Group 1 4.4 7.6 9.3 Test Group 2 3.1 4.2 6.1

[0048] The test results show that the cultivation method provided by this method is more conducive to the growth of Dendrobium officinale.

[0049] The invention relates to a cultivation method suitable for mechanical harvesting of Dendrobium officinale, which includes three parts: setting of planting pots (step 1), preparation of substrates (steps 2 - 4), and plant management (steps 5 - 7). A standardized cultivation mode is set up. That is, by setting cultivation pots, internal structures of the pots and substrate distributions of unified specifications, the longer stems of Dendrobium officinale are bound to the surface of the support rods, providing operating conditions for the blades of the harvesting system of the subsequent harvester to quickly cut Dendrobium officinale. Through green manure cultivation, mixing of crushed materials and stacking, the growth environment of Dendrobium officinale in the wild is simulated, which is beneficial to the growth of Dendrobium officinale.

[0050] The invention adopts a cultivation mode suitable for mechanized operation and is equipped with a harvester for Dendrobium officinale, which can greatly reduce production costs, improve production efficiency, increase the production scale of Dendrobium officinale. At the same time, it can achieve batch harvesting. After one harvest, the plant roots are not damaged, and Dendrobium officinale can continue to grow. After continuing the above - mentioned plant management, it can be harvested again, realizing multiple harvests from one planting, promoting the growth of Dendrobium officinale, ensuring the yield of Dendrobium officinale, and being able to remove new branches to ensure the quality of Dendrobium officinale. It realizes the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy in the cultivation and harvesting process of Dendrobium officinale, meeting the overall requirements of the country for the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy.

[0051] Example 2:

[0052] As Figures 1 - 2 shown, a cultivation method for Dendrobium officinale suitable for mechanical harvesting includes the following steps:

[0053] (1) Setting of planting pots: The bottom of the planting pot is a grid structure. A fixing frame is placed in the pot, and support columns for fixing the stems of Dendrobium officinale are arranged inside the fixing frame. The support columns are fixed in the fixing frame of the planting pot and do not affect the growth of seedlings;

[0054] (2) Green manure cultivation: By weight, mix cow dung: corn straw: mushroom residue: fermentation inoculant: urea: water in a ratio of 100:200:100:2:3:200, ferment for 145 days, dry the fermented product to a moisture content of 42%, and mix it with sawdust in a ratio of 2:3 (by weight) to obtain green manure;

[0055] (3) Mixing crushed materials: Pass river sand through a 10-mesh sieve to obtain fine sand, and mix the fine sand with vermiculite at a ratio of 1:1 to obtain the first layer of mixed materials; Crush bark into fragments with a diameter of about 2 cm as the second layer of mixed materials; Crush wild grass or straw leaves into fragments with a diameter less than 1 cm, add an appropriate amount of fermentation inoculant and ferment for 5 days, take out the fermented product and dry it to a moisture content below 30% as the surface layer of mixed materials;

[0056] (4) Laminated placement of substrates: First, place the first layer of mixed materials in the planting pot, level it, then place the second layer of mixed materials, level it, then place the green manure, and level it, and finally place the surface layer of mixed materials;

[0057] (5) Transplanting: Select seedlings with a height of more than 5 cm and transplant them into the planting pot, so that the root system layer of the seedlings is below the surface layer of mixed materials (i.e., more than 2 cm below the substrate surface);

[0058] (6) Branch selection: After the plant height exceeds 12 cm, select old branches (length exceeding 10 cm) and tie them to the surface of the support column with the first bunch of branch loops, and strip the new branches (length less than 10 cm) from the support column;

[0059] (7) Pruning: Regularly remove old leaves. After an interval of 30 days, measure the branch length, and repeat the operation in step (6) for old branches and new branches. For branches with a length exceeding 18 cm, tie them to a height of 18 cm with the second bunch of branch loops; After an interval of a period of time, for branches with a length exceeding 26 cm, tie them to a height of 26 cm with the third bunch of branch loops.

[0060] In this embodiment, the height of the planting pot described in step (1) is 15 cm, the top diameter is 12 cm, the bottom diameter is 8 cm, and the diameter of the mesh holes of the grid structure at the bottom of the planting pot is less than 1.5 cm.

[0061] In this embodiment, in step (6) and step (7), the height of the first branch circle from the top of the planting pot is 10 cm, the height of the second branch circle from the first branch circle is 8 cm, and the height of the third branch circle from the second branch circle is 6 cm; the branch circles are made of rice straw that is rolled and then dried.

[0062] In this embodiment, in step (4), the height of the first layer of mixed material is 4 cm, the height of the second layer of mixed material is 5 cm, the height of the green manure is 4 cm, and the height of the surface layer of mixed material is 2 cm.

[0063] In this embodiment, the support column can be made by cutting wood or by compressing wood chips, and the hardness of the support column is less than 4 MPa.

[0064] In this embodiment, the bark is the bark of poplar, pine, yew, cypress, etc., and can be prepared from one of them or a mixture of several of them.

[0065] like Figures 3 - 5 As shown, a Dendrobium officinale harvester comprises a chassis 5 with wheels, a harvesting system 1 is arranged above the front of the chassis, the height of the harvesting system 1 is higher than the height of the planting pot, the harvesting system 1 comprises a harvesting shell 11, a storage box 6 is arranged at the rear of the chassis 5, an entrance for Dendrobium officinale to enter is arranged at the front end of the harvesting shell 11, a harvesting mechanism is arranged inside the harvesting shell, a temporary storage chamber 2 is arranged behind the harvesting mechanism, the end face of the harvesting shell entrance is an inclined surface and the angle between the end face and the horizontal plane is 65-80 degrees, and a plurality of flexible blocking plates 12 are arranged on both sides of the harvesting shell entrance; the harvesting mechanism comprises two flexible blocking plates 12 arranged on both sides of the harvesting shell. A pair of material-discharging shafts 16 are arranged obliquely and parallel to the inlet end face, a plurality of material-discharging claws 15 are spaced apart on the material-discharging shafts, a cutter 13 is arranged at the lower end of the material-discharging shafts, and the lower end of the material-discharging shafts is coaxially connected to the main shaft of the first motor 14; when the harvester gradually approaches the Dendrobium officinale, the Dendrobium officinale plant enters from the entrance of the harvesting shell, and the bottom of the plant together with the supporting column are cut off by the blade. In this process, as the harvester continues to move forward, the material-discharging claws are moved inward, and the branches gradually move into the temporary storage cavity, thereby realizing the sequential harvesting of single Dendrobium officinale plants, which is not easy to damage the surface tissue of the plant stem, and is beneficial to improving product quality.

[0066] The harvesting system is not put on the plant, but due to the force of the blade on the branch and the continuous movement of the harvester, the branch root's support force on the branch is continuously increasing. Under the combined effect, the branch breaks through the flexible barrier plate (rubber material, relatively soft), and the harvesting system is used to harvest the single Dendrobium officinale plant in sequence, which is not easy to damage the surface tissue of the plant stem, which is conducive to improving the commercial quality;

[0067] When combined with the above cultivation mode, this Dendrobium officinale harvester can greatly reduce production costs, improve production efficiency, increase the production scale of Dendrobium officinale, and at the same time enable batch harvesting, achieve multiple harvests from a single planting, promote the growth of Dendrobium officinale, ensure the yield of Dendrobium officinale, realize the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy in the cultivation and harvesting process of Dendrobium officinale, and meet the overall requirements of the country for the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy.

[0068] In this embodiment, the harvesting housing and the storage bin are connected by a conveying device 3. The conveying device adopts a belt conveying device. The conveying device 3 is located below the temporary storage cavity of the harvesting housing, and the discharge end of the conveying device is located in the storage bin. A pair of parallel rolling columns 17 are provided on both sides of the temporary storage cavity. The rolling columns are inclined and parallel to the feeding shaft. Convex points are distributed on the rolling columns. The lower ends of the rolling columns are coaxially connected to the main shaft of a second motor (not shown in the figure). The rolling columns are hollow cylinders, and the material of the rolling columns is hard plastic. The material in the temporary storage cavity falls onto the conveying device below and then is conveyed to the storage bin.

[0069] In this embodiment, the Dendrobium officinale harvester also has a seat 9, a direction control system 10, and a transmission system 7. These all belong to the prior art and are available on conventional harvesters, such as wheat harvesters. Therefore, their structures and working principles will not be specifically described here.

[0070] In this embodiment, the height of the blade from the upper end face of the planting pot is 8 cm (that is, the height of the blade cutting line from the upper end face of the planting pot is 8 cm). In this way, after one harvest, the root system of the plant will not be damaged, and the plant can continue to grow, achieving multiple harvests from a single planting.

[0071] In this embodiment, the width of the front entrance of the harvesting housing is 20 cm - 30 cm, and the arrangement spacing of the flexible baffle plates on the left and right sides is 7 mm.

[0072] In this embodiment, the material of the flexible baffle plate is rubber.

[0073] For any of the above technical solutions disclosed by the present invention, unless otherwise stated, if it discloses a numerical range, the disclosed numerical range is a preferred numerical range. Any person skilled in the art should understand that the preferred numerical range is only the numerical values with obvious technical effects or representativeness among many feasible numerical values. Since there are too many numerical values to enumerate, the present invention only discloses some numerical values to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention. Moreover, the above-listed numerical values should not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention.

[0074] If the present invention discloses or involves components or structural parts that are fixedly connected to each other, then, unless otherwise stated, the fixed connection can be understood as: a detachable fixed connection (e.g., connected using bolts or screws), or can also be understood as: a non-detachable fixed connection (e.g., riveting, welding). Of course, the mutual fixed connection can also be replaced by an integral structure (e.g., manufactured integrally using a casting process) (except where it is clearly impossible to use an integral forming process).

[0075] In addition, in any of the technical solutions disclosed in the present invention above, the terms used to represent positional relationships or shapes, unless otherwise stated, include states or shapes that are approximate, similar, or close to them.

[0076] Any component provided by the present invention can either be assembled from a plurality of separate components or be a single component manufactured by an integral forming process.

[0077] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention in other forms. Any person skilled in the art may use the technical content disclosed above to make changes or modifications into equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes. However, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention still fall within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation method suitable for machine harvesting of Dendrobium officinale, characterized in that: It includes the following steps: (1) Setting up the planting pot: The bottom of the planting pot is a grid structure. A fixing rack is placed in the pot, and support columns for fixing the stems of Dendrobium officinale are arranged inside the fixing rack; (2) Green manure cultivation: Calculated by weight, after mixing cow dung: corn straw: mushroom residue: fermentation bacteria agent: urea: water in a ratio of 100:200:100:2:3:200, ferment for 140 - 160 days, dry the fermented material until the moisture content is 35% - 45%, and mix it with sawdust in a weight ratio of 2:3 to obtain green manure; (3) Mixing crushed materials: Pass river sand through a 10 - mesh sieve to obtain fine sand, and mix the fine sand with vermiculite in a ratio of 1:1 to obtain the first - layer mixed material; Crush the bark into pieces as the second - layer mixed material; Crush wild grass or straw leaves into pieces with a diameter less than 1 cm, add an appropriate amount of fermentation bacteria agent and ferment for 5 days, take out the fermented material and dry it until the moisture content is less than 30% as the surface - layer mixed material; (4) Stacking the substrates: First, place the first - layer mixed material in the planting pot, level it, then place the second - layer mixed material, level it, then place the green manure, and level it, and finally place the surface - layer mixed material; (5) Transplanting: Select seedlings with a height of more than 5 cm and transplant them into the planting pot, so that the root system layer of the seedlings is below the surface - layer mixed material; (6) Branch selection: After the plant height exceeds 12 cm, select old branches and tie them to the surface of the support column with the first bunch of branch loops, separate the new branches from the support column, and the height of the first bunch of branch loops from the top of the planting pot is 10 cm; (7) Pruning: Regularly remove the old leaves. Every 30 days, measure the length of the branches. Repeat the operation in step (6) for the old branches and new branches. For branches with a length exceeding 18 cm, tie them to a height of 18 cm with the second bunch of branch loops, and the height of the second bunch of branch loops from the first bunch of branch loops is 8 cm; After a period of time, for branches with a length exceeding 26 cm, tie them to a height of 26 cm with the third bunch of branch loops, and the height of the third bunch of branch loops from the second bunch of branch loops is 6 - 8 cm. The branch loops are made by kneading and drying rice straw; Supporting Dendrobium officinale harvester, the Dendrobium officinale harvester includes a chassis with wheels, a harvesting system is provided above the front part of the chassis, the harvesting system includes a harvesting housing, a storage bin is provided at the rear of the chassis, an inlet for Dendrobium officinale to enter is provided at the front end of the harvesting housing, a harvesting mechanism is provided inside the harvesting housing, a temporary storage cavity is arranged behind the harvesting mechanism, the inlet end face of the harvesting housing is an inclined plane and the included angle with the horizontal plane is 65-80°, and a plurality of flexible baffle plates are respectively arranged on both sides of the inlet of the harvesting housing; the harvesting mechanism includes a pair of feeding shafts located on both sides inside the harvesting housing, the feeding shafts are inclined and parallel to the inlet end face, a plurality of feeding claws are distributed at intervals on the feeding shafts, a cutting knife is provided at the lower end of the feeding shaft, and the lower end of the feeding shaft is coaxially connected with the main shaft of the first motor; the harvesting housing and the storage bin are connected by a conveying device, the conveying device is located below the temporary storage cavity of the harvesting housing, and the discharge end of the conveying device is located in the storage bin; a pair of parallel rolling columns are provided on both sides of the temporary storage cavity, the rolling columns are inclined and parallel to the feeding shafts, convex points are distributed on the rolling columns, and the harvesting line of the harvesting system is 8 cm away from the surface of the planting pot.

2. The cultivation method suitable for mechanical harvesting of Dendrobium officinale according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (1), the height of the planting pot is 15 cm, the top diameter is 12 cm, the bottom diameter is 8 cm, and the mesh diameter of the grid structure at the bottom of the planting pot is less than 1.5 cm.

3. The cultivation method suitable for mechanical harvesting of Dendrobium officinale according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (4), the height of the first layer of mixed material is 4 cm, the height of the second layer of mixed material is 5 cm, the height of the green manure is 4 cm, and the height of the surface layer of mixed material is 2 cm.

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