A Finite Element Modeling and Deformation Simulation Analysis Method for Photovoltaic Modules

Abstract

This invention discloses a finite element modeling and deformation simulation analysis method for photovoltaic modules. It introduces modeling and finite element analysis methods into the design of photovoltaic modules. By digitally modeling the photovoltaic module and assigning it specific material and mechanical parameters, the finite element method is used to set boundary conditions and solution conditions. The load conditions of the module are simulated and analyzed in a software environment to obtain the maximum deformation of the module. This data is then compared with experimental data from a test platform. If the error between the two is no more than 5%, the modeling and finite element analysis methods are considered effective. This method provides more accurate and faster test data, requires less investment, and yields greater benefits. It can help to accurately and quickly obtain deformation data of photovoltaic modules of any panel type under a certain pressure, improving the work efficiency of test personnel, saving labor and equipment costs, conserving significant human and material resources, reducing operation and maintenance costs, and improving economic benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of simulation analysis technology, specifically relating to a finite element modeling and deformation simulation analysis method for photovoltaic modules. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, while the price of photovoltaic (PV) modules has been declining, their size has been increasing, and the cost of the frame (aluminum ingots) has been rising. Against the backdrop of cost reduction and efficiency improvement, the reliability of the modules, especially their mechanical load characteristics, faces significant risks. For modules installed in harsh environments, such as areas with strong winds, sandstorms, or year-round snow accumulation, the loads they bear are substantial. Often, the mechanical strength of the module's metal frame is insufficient to support these loads, leading to frame deformation or even breakage, glass damage, and in severe cases, even fires.

[0003] Currently, the most common method for testing the maximum deformation of a module is to conduct a pressure load test on a mechanical load testing platform. The module is mounted and fixed on the platform, and a certain pressure load is applied to the pneumatic suction cups on the platform. This pressure is applied to the module surface and maintained for a certain period of time. Finally, the maximum deformation of the module is measured using sensors. Furthermore, if the maximum deformation is too large, the metal frame of the module needs to be optimized. Traditionally, the frame design process involves first optimizing the wall thickness of the frame section based on the module size and installation environment (i.e., the snow and wind loads on both sides of the module), creating initial drawings, contacting suppliers for prototyping, and conducting load tests on an airborne testing platform. If the frame exhibits irreversible deformation or if there are many fragments of the solar cells affecting the module's power output, the test fails. The frame section needs to be redesigned, prototyping resumed, and relevant reliability tests conducted again. This process is repeated until the tests are passed. This traditional method is time-consuming, costly in terms of manpower and resources, and not conducive to the development and introduction of new products. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention discloses a finite element modeling and deformation simulation analysis method for photovoltaic modules. This method introduces modeling and finite element analysis into the design of photovoltaic modules. By digitally modeling the photovoltaic module and assigning it specific material and mechanical parameters, the finite element method is used to set boundary conditions and finite element solution conditions. The load conditions of the module are simulated and analyzed in a software environment to obtain the maximum deformation of the module. This deformation is then compared with experimental data from a test platform. If the error between the two is no more than 5%, the modeling and finite element analysis methods are deemed effective.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A finite element modeling and deformation simulation analysis method for photovoltaic modules includes the following steps:

[0007] 1) Select the module type with the largest current shipment volume as the research object. The installation environment is usually a large ground power station, that is, the photovoltaic bracket and mounting block are used for installation and fixation. Establish a three-dimensional geometric model of photovoltaic module and photovoltaic bracket in finite element software.

[0008] 2) Based on the three-dimensional geometric model established in step 1), set the materials and material parameters for each structure according to the materials and physical parameters of each component of the photovoltaic module, and establish a three-dimensional finite element parameter model;

[0009] 3) Based on the three-dimensional finite element model in step 2), set the finite element solution conditions and represent the power attenuation of the component as the maximum deformation of the component;

[0010] 4) Based on the actual installation environment of the photovoltaic module, set the boundary conditions and constraints of the simulated module. The boundary condition is set as a load perpendicular to the front of the photovoltaic module, with a value of 5400Pa. The pressure block used to fix the photovoltaic module and the photovoltaic bracket is subjected to a vertical downward force with a value of 50N. The constraint condition is set as follows: the photovoltaic bracket is constrained to be fixed on the ground, and the connection between each component is a rigid connection (no relative sliding).

[0011] 5) The mechanical load test platform in the laboratory was tested synchronously with the same specifications and installation method as the software modeling component. A mechanical load of 5400Pa was applied to the front of the component to carry out the mechanical load test, and the maximum deformation δL1 was recorded.

[0012] 6) Based on the 3D model in 4), the 3D model is free meshed and swept in the finite element analysis software to mesh the object to be simulated and analyzed.

[0013] 7) Based on the simulation model in 6), finite element analysis was performed to obtain the maximum deformation of the photovoltaic module under a load of 5400Pa, as calculated by the software simulation. The value of this deformation is denoted as δL2.

[0014] 8) Compare the maximum deformation δL1 obtained in step 5) with the maximum deformation δL2 obtained in step 7), and calculate the error.

[0015] 9) Based on the comparison results of step 8), if the error is less than 5%, then the maximum deformation of the component obtained in step 7) is the desired result;

[0016] 10) Based on the comparison results of step 8), if the error is greater than 5%, change the optimization modeling method and optimize the constraint conditions in step 4) in the three-dimensional finite element parameter model of step 2), and repeat the finite element simulation analysis. Repeat steps 6) to 8) until the error is less than 5%, and finally obtain the accurate maximum deformation of the photovoltaic module.

[0017] A further improvement of the present invention is that, in step 1), a three-dimensional geometric model of the photovoltaic module and the photovoltaic support is established, wherein the photovoltaic module includes the long frame, short frame, cover glass, module back sheet, crystalline silicon cells and encapsulation materials, etc.; the photovoltaic support includes photovoltaic module mounting blocks and photovoltaic module fixing brackets, etc.

[0018] A further improvement of this invention is that, in step 2), a three-dimensional parametric model of the photovoltaic module and the photovoltaic support is established. The frame material of the photovoltaic module includes aluminum alloy 6063-T5 or aluminum alloy 6005-T6, the cover glass material is high-transparency tempered glass for photovoltaic modules, the backsheet material is PET, the crystalline silicon cell material is silicon dioxide and silver paste, etc., the module encapsulation material is EVA and silicone sealant, where EVA is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and the main material of the silicone sealant is polydimethylsiloxane; the photovoltaic support material is galvanized aluminum-magnesium alloy, and the photovoltaic module mounting block material is stainless steel 304L; the material parameters involved include Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, hardness, mass density, ultimate tensile strength, etc.

[0019] A further improvement of this invention is that the maximum deformation of the component obtained in step 7) is generally located at the center of the component. Due to software limitations, it is impossible to obtain the deformation at any position of the photovoltaic component. Since the software simulation and the laboratory test platform are conducted simultaneously, the maximum deformation of the long frame of the component measured on the test platform is generally located at the center of the frame. By using Python to perform numerical code analysis and programming on the measurement results and software simulation analysis data, an approximate relationship can be obtained between the maximum deformation δL2 of the component and the maximum deformation δL3 at the center of the long frame of the component:

[0020] δL3=k1*L*δL2+k2(1)

[0021] Where k1 is the deformation coefficient, L is the length of the component's long border, and k2 is the correction value;

[0022] Based on the maximum deformation δL3 at the center of the long frame, the long frame of the photovoltaic module is selected as the research object. The force model of the long frame can be equivalent to the bending deformation calculation model of a slender rod under a uniformly distributed load q.

[0023] Based on the above equivalent model and fundamental knowledge of materials mechanics, the formula for the deflection curve of a slender rod can be obtained as follows:

[0024]

[0025] Where W is the deformation, q is the uniformly distributed load, x is the distance of application, θ is the section rotation angle, E is Young's modulus, and I is the moment of inertia;

[0026] From the deflection curve formula, we know that when x = L / 2, the deformation W reaches its maximum value. Substituting this into formula (2), we get:

[0027] Maximum deformation W max for

[0028] Based on the above calculations, we get δL3= L is the length of the long frame of the component. The Young's modulus E of the material and the moment of inertia I of the frame section are both known quantities. Substituting them into formula (3) yields the value of the uniformly distributed load q.

[0029] From formula (3), it can be concluded that when the moment of inertia I reaches its maximum value, the maximum deformation is... When the uniform load is constant, the smaller the maximum deformation, the smaller the deformation at the center of the long frame of the module, i.e., δL3 takes the minimum value. According to formula (1), the maximum deformation of the module δL2 takes the minimum value. That is to say, under a certain load, the deformation of the long frame of the photovoltaic module is the smallest, thus the deformation of the entire photovoltaic module takes the minimum value, the deformation of the aluminum frame of the photovoltaic module is the smallest, and the deformation of the crystalline silicon cell encapsulated in the laminate is the smallest, thus ensuring the power output of the module and meeting the relevant standards of IEC 61215.

[0030] From the above inferences, we can conclude that as long as the deformation of the aluminum frame supporting the photovoltaic module is minimized, the photovoltaic module will have better quality assurance under external forces. The value of the moment of inertia is closely related to the cross-sectional shape of the aluminum frame. According to the relevant knowledge of moment of inertia in mechanics of materials, the integral of any area A in a plane (y, z) over the entire area A of the figure in that plane is defined as the moment of inertia.

[0031] (4).

[0032] From the above analysis, the study of the deformation of photovoltaic modules can be essentially equated to the study of the cross-section of the metal frame. This has guiding significance for the design of photovoltaic module frames. The most important design direction for metal frames is the design and optimization of their cross-sectional specifications. By designing the wall thickness, cavity, support surface, and other specifications of each surface of the cross-section, the overall performance of the metal frame can be determined, thereby maximizing the stable, reliable, and continuous operation of the photovoltaic module. This is the most direct purpose of using finite element modeling and deformation simulation. By combining the visible deformation of the module with relevant knowledge such as bending deformation in materials mechanics, the deformation is transformed into the microscopic field of studying the cross-sectional characteristics of the metal frame. This innovative approach perfectly combines commonly used engineering modeling and finite element analysis with the stress deformation of new energy photovoltaic modules, thereby solving the design direction of metal frames and ensuring the high-quality operation of photovoltaic modules.

[0033] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0034] This invention provides a finite element modeling and deformation simulation analysis method for photovoltaic modules. The method includes establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the photovoltaic module and its support structure; setting material and material parameters for each component based on their materials and physical parameters; establishing a three-dimensional finite element parameter model; setting finite element solution conditions; representing the power attenuation of the module as its maximum deformation; setting relevant constraints between components; and finally performing meshing before starting the finite element simulation analysis. Simultaneously, based on the software simulation model, mechanical load tests are conducted synchronously on a laboratory mechanical load testing platform using the same specifications and parameters. The deformation results from the simulation analysis software are compared with the test results on the testing platform. If the error is less than 5%, the maximum deformation data obtained from the simulation is the desired result. The three-dimensional simulation model established by this invention can accurately simulate the installation of photovoltaic modules at the project site in actual conditions. It provides more accurate and faster data than traditional experimental platforms, with lower investment costs and higher returns. It can assist in accurately and quickly obtaining deformation data of photovoltaic modules of any panel type under a certain pressure, improving the work efficiency of testing personnel, saving labor and equipment costs, conserving significant human and material resources, reducing operation and maintenance costs, and improving economic benefits.

[0035] Furthermore, to study the mechanical load performance of a new product, mechanical load tests are typically conducted on a mechanical load testing platform to obtain deformation data. However, in many cases, the product is still in the R&D stage and there are no physical components yet. Therefore, the advantages of finite element modeling and simulation analysis become apparent. Through precise model creation and the setting of constraints and boundary conditions, simulation analysis results are faster and more accurate, saving R&D time and improving efficiency. Simultaneously, after obtaining the maximum deformation of the component, the maximum deformation of the long frame can be calculated using formulas. Studying the deformation of photovoltaic modules can essentially be equated to studying the cross-section of the metal frame, which is crucial for the design of photovoltaic module frames. This approach is highly instructive. The primary design focus for metal frame components is the design and optimization of their cross-sectional specifications. By designing the wall thickness, cavities, and support surfaces of each facet of the cross-section, the overall performance of the metal frame can be determined, thereby maximizing the stable, reliable, and continuous operation of the photovoltaic module. This is the direct purpose of finite element modeling and deformation simulation. By analyzing the visible deformation of the component and combining it with knowledge of bending deformation in materials mechanics, the deformation is transformed into the microscopic study of the cross-sectional characteristics of the metal frame. This innovative approach perfectly combines commonly used engineering modeling and finite element analysis with the stress and deformation of new energy photovoltaic modules, thus addressing the design direction of metal frames and ensuring the high-quality operation of photovoltaic modules. The introduction of this analytical method is significant in module design. In the early stages of product design, it can guide the design direction for product scheme formulation and advantage / disadvantage analysis. Furthermore, the combination of 3D modeling and finite element analysis greatly reduces the number of sample prototyping attempts, saving manpower and material costs, reducing new product development costs, and accelerating product development progress, making it a valuable reference. Attached Figure Description

[0036] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the equivalent principle of the long border of the component;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a photovoltaic module;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-section of the photovoltaic module frame.

[0040] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0041] 1. Photovoltaic module metal frame, including long and short frames; 2. Cover glass; 3. Photovoltaic module encapsulation material EVA; 4. Laminated PET backsheet; 5. Crystalline silicon solar cells; 6. Photovoltaic module bracket; 7. Photovoltaic module unit; 8. Mounting block; 9. Schematic diagram of metal frame cross-section; 10. Wall thickness of frame a side; 11. Wall thickness of frame b side; 12. Width of frame cavity; 13. Wall thickness of frame d side; 14. Wall thickness of frame c side; 15. Frame support surface. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The present invention will be further illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following specific embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0043] As shown in the figure, the finite element modeling and deformation simulation analysis method for photovoltaic modules according to the present invention includes the following steps:

[0044] 1) The module type with the largest shipment volume is selected as the research object. The installation environment is usually a large ground power station, that is, the photovoltaic bracket and mounting block are used for installation and fixation. A three-dimensional geometric model of photovoltaic module and photovoltaic bracket is established in finite element software. The photovoltaic module includes the metal frame 1 of the photovoltaic module, including the long frame and the short frame, the cover glass 2, the PET back sheet of the module laminate 4, the crystalline silicon cell 5, and the encapsulation material 3, etc.; the photovoltaic bracket includes the photovoltaic module mounting block 8 and the photovoltaic module bracket 6, etc.

[0045] 2) Based on the three-dimensional geometric model established in step 1), materials and material parameters are set for each structure according to the materials and physical parameters of each component of the photovoltaic module, and a three-dimensional finite element parameter model is established. Among them, the materials of the photovoltaic module frame 1 include aluminum alloy 6063-T5 or aluminum alloy 6005-T6, the material of the cover glass 2 is high-transparency tempered glass for photovoltaic modules, the material of the module backsheet 4 is PET, the material of the crystalline silicon cell 5 is silicon dioxide and silver paste, etc., the module encapsulation material 3 is EVA and silicone sealant, EVA is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and the main material of the silicone sealant is polydimethylsiloxane; the material of the photovoltaic module bracket 6 is galvanized aluminum-magnesium alloy, and the material of the photovoltaic module mounting block 8 is stainless steel 304L. The material parameters involved include Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, hardness, mass density, ultimate tensile strength, etc.

[0046] 3) Based on the three-dimensional finite element model in step 2), set the finite element solution conditions and represent the power attenuation of the component as the maximum deformation of the component;

[0047] 4) Based on the actual installation environment of the photovoltaic module, set the boundary conditions and constraints of the simulated module. The boundary condition is set as a load perpendicular to the front of the photovoltaic module, with a value of 5400Pa. The pressure block used to fix the photovoltaic module and the photovoltaic bracket is subjected to a vertical downward force with a value of 50N. The constraint condition is set as follows: the photovoltaic bracket is constrained to be fixed on the ground, and the connection between each component is a rigid connection (no relative sliding).

[0048] 5) The mechanical load test platform in the laboratory was tested synchronously with the same specifications and installation method as the software modeling component. A mechanical load of 5400Pa was applied to the front of the component to carry out the mechanical load test, and the maximum deformation δL1 was recorded.

[0049] 6) Based on the 3D model in 4), the 3D model is free meshed and swept in the finite element analysis software to mesh the object to be simulated and analyzed.

[0050] 7) Based on the simulation model in 6), finite element analysis was performed to obtain the maximum deformation of the photovoltaic module under a load of 5400Pa, as calculated by the software simulation. The value of this deformation is denoted as δL2.

[0051] 8) Compare the maximum deformation δL1 obtained in step 5) with the maximum deformation δL2 obtained in step 7) and calculate the error; δL3=k1*L*δL2+k2(1)

[0052] Where k1 is the deformation coefficient, L is the length of the component's long border, and k2 is the correction value;

[0053] Based on the maximum deformation δL3 at the center of the long frame, the long frame of the photovoltaic module is selected as the research object. The force model of the long frame can be equivalent to the bending deformation calculation model of a slender rod under a uniformly distributed load q.

[0054] Equivalent model illustration Figure 1 As shown:

[0055] Based on the above equivalent model and fundamental knowledge of materials mechanics, the formula for the deflection curve of a slender rod can be obtained as follows:

[0056]

[0057] Where W is the deformation, q is the uniformly distributed load, x is the distance of application, θ is the section rotation angle, E is Young's modulus, and I is the moment of inertia;

[0058] From the deflection curve formula, we know that when x = L / 2, the deformation W reaches its maximum value. Substituting this into formula (2), we get:

[0059] Maximum deformation W max for

[0060] Based on the above calculations, we get δL3= L is the length of the long frame of the component. The Young's modulus E of the material and the moment of inertia I of the frame section are both known quantities. Substituting them into formula (3) yields the value of the uniformly distributed load q.

[0061] From formula (3), it can be concluded that when the moment of inertia I reaches its maximum value, the maximum deformation is... When the uniform load is constant, the smaller the maximum deformation, the smaller the deformation at the center of the long frame of the module, i.e., δL3 takes the minimum value. According to formula (1), the maximum deformation of the module δL2 takes the minimum value. That is to say, under a certain load, the deformation of the long frame of the photovoltaic module is the smallest, thus the deformation of the entire photovoltaic module takes the minimum value, the deformation of the aluminum frame of the photovoltaic module is the smallest, and the deformation of the crystalline silicon cell encapsulated in the laminate is the smallest, thus ensuring the power output of the module and meeting the relevant standards of IEC 61215.

[0062] From the above inferences, we can conclude that as long as the deformation of the aluminum frame supporting the photovoltaic module is minimized, the photovoltaic module will have better quality assurance under external forces. The value of the moment of inertia is closely related to the cross-sectional shape of the aluminum frame. According to the relevant knowledge of moment of inertia in mechanics of materials, the integral of any area A in a plane (y, z) over the entire area A of the figure in that plane is defined as the moment of inertia.

[0063] I y =∫ A z 2 dA,I z =∫ A y 2 dA (4)

[0064] 9) Based on the comparison results of step 8), if the error is less than 5%, then the maximum deformation of the component obtained in step 7) is the desired result;

[0065] 10) Based on the comparison results of step 8), if the error is greater than 5%, change the optimization modeling method and optimize the constraint conditions in step 4) in the three-dimensional finite element parameter model of step 2), and repeat the finite element simulation analysis. Repeat steps 6) to 8) until the error is less than 5%, and finally obtain the accurate maximum deformation of the photovoltaic module.

[0066] This invention studies the deformation of photovoltaic modules. Its essence can be equated to the study of the cross-section of the metal frame. This has guiding significance for the design of photovoltaic module frames. The most important design direction for metal frames is the design and optimization of their cross-sectional specifications. By designing the wall thickness, cavity, and support surface of each facet of the cross-section, the overall performance of the metal frame can be determined, thereby maximizing the stable, reliable, and continuous operation of the photovoltaic module. This is the most direct purpose of using finite element modeling and deformation simulation. Through visible module deformation, combined with relevant knowledge of bending deformation in materials mechanics, the deformation is transformed into the microscopic field of studying the cross-sectional characteristics of the metal frame. This highly innovative approach perfectly combines commonly used engineering modeling and finite element analysis with the stress deformation of new energy photovoltaic modules, thereby solving the design direction of metal frames and ensuring the high-quality operation of photovoltaic modules.

[0067] It should be noted that the above content merely illustrates the technical concept of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and all such improvements and modifications fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A finite element modeling and deformation simulation analysis method for photovoltaic modules, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: 1) Select the module type with the largest current shipment volume as the research object. The installation environment is a large ground power station, that is, the photovoltaic bracket and mounting block are used for installation and fixation. A three-dimensional geometric model of the photovoltaic module and photovoltaic bracket is established in the finite element software. 2) Based on the three-dimensional geometric model established in step 1), set the materials and material parameters for each structure according to the materials and physical parameters of each component of the photovoltaic module, and establish a three-dimensional finite element parameter model; 3) Based on the three-dimensional finite element model in step 2), set the finite element solution conditions and represent the power attenuation of the component as the maximum deformation of the component; 4) Based on the actual installation environment of the photovoltaic module, set the boundary conditions and constraints of the simulated module. The boundary condition is set as a load perpendicular to the front of the photovoltaic module, with a value of 5400Pa. The pressure block used to fix the photovoltaic module and the photovoltaic bracket is subjected to a vertical downward force with a value of 50N. The constraint condition is set as follows: the photovoltaic bracket is constrained to be fixed on the ground, and the connection between each component is a rigid connection. 5) The mechanical load test platform in the laboratory was tested synchronously with the same specifications and installation method as the software modeling component. A mechanical load of 5400Pa was applied to the front of the component to carry out the mechanical load test, and the maximum deformation δL1 was recorded. 6) Based on the 3D model in 4), the 3D model is free meshed and swept in the finite element analysis software to mesh the object to be simulated and analyzed. 7) Based on the simulation model in 6), finite element analysis was performed to obtain the maximum deformation of the photovoltaic module under a load of 5400Pa, as calculated by the software simulation. The value of this deformation is denoted as δL2. The maximum deformation of the component was obtained. Since the software simulation and laboratory test platform were conducted simultaneously, the maximum deformation of the component's long border measured on the test platform was located at the center of the border. The measurement results and software simulation analysis data were used to perform numerical code analysis and programming in Python to obtain the approximate relationship between the maximum deformation of the component δL2 and the maximum deformation δL3 at the center of the component's long border: δL3=k1*L*δL2+k2(1; Where k1 is the deformation coefficient, L is the length of the component's long border, and k2 is the correction value; Based on the maximum deformation δL3 at the center of the long frame, the long frame of the photovoltaic module is selected as the research object, and the force model of the long frame is equivalent to the bending deformation calculation model of a slender rod under a uniformly distributed load q. Based on the above equivalent model and fundamental knowledge of mechanics of materials, the formula for the deflection curve of a slender rod is obtained as follows: ； Where W is the deformation, q is the uniformly distributed load, x is the distance of application, θ is the section rotation angle, E is Young's modulus, and I is the moment of inertia; From the deflection curve formula, we know that when x = L / 2, the deformation W reaches its maximum value. Substituting this into formula (2), we get: Maximum deformation W max for ; Based on the above calculations, we obtain δL3=W max L is the length of the long frame of the component. The Young's modulus E of the material and the moment of inertia I of the frame section are both known quantities. Substituting them into formula (3) yields the value of the uniformly distributed load q. From formula (3), it can be seen that when the moment of inertia I reaches its maximum value, the maximum deformation W max When the uniform load is constant, the smaller the maximum deformation, the smaller the deformation at the center of the long frame of the module, i.e., δL3 takes the minimum value. According to formula (1), the maximum deformation of the module δL2 takes the minimum value. That is to say, under a certain load, the deformation of the long frame of the photovoltaic module is the smallest, thus the deformation of the entire photovoltaic module takes the minimum value, the deformation of the aluminum frame of the photovoltaic module is the smallest, and the deformation of the crystalline silicon cell encapsulated in the laminate is the smallest, thus ensuring the power output of the module and meeting the relevant standards of IEC 61215. From the above inferences, we can see that as long as the deformation of the aluminum frame supporting the photovoltaic module is minimized, the photovoltaic module will have better quality assurance under external forces. The value of the moment of inertia is closely related to the cross-sectional shape of the aluminum frame. According to the relevant knowledge of moment of inertia in mechanics of materials, the integral of any area A in a plane (y, z) over the entire area A of the figure in that plane is defined as the moment of inertia. （4）； 8) Compare the maximum deformation δL1 obtained in step 5) with the maximum deformation δL2 obtained in step 7), and calculate the error. 9) Based on the comparison results of step 8), if the error is less than 5%, then the maximum deformation of the component obtained in step 7) is the desired result; 10) Based on the comparison results of step 8), if the error is greater than 5%, change the optimization modeling method and optimize the constraint conditions in step 4) in the three-dimensional finite element parameter model of step 2), and repeat the finite element simulation analysis. Repeat steps 6) to 8) until the error is less than 5%, and finally obtain the accurate maximum deformation of the photovoltaic module.

2. The method for finite element modeling and deformation simulation analysis of photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 1), a three-dimensional geometric model of the photovoltaic module and the photovoltaic support is established. The photovoltaic module includes the metal frame of the photovoltaic module, including the long frame, the short frame, the cover glass, the module back sheet, the crystalline silicon cells, and the encapsulation materials; the photovoltaic support includes the photovoltaic module mounting block and the photovoltaic module fixing bracket.

3. The finite element modeling and deformation simulation analysis method for photovoltaic modules according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), a three-dimensional parametric model of the photovoltaic module and the photovoltaic support is established. The frame material of the photovoltaic module includes aluminum alloy 6063-T5 or aluminum alloy 6005-T6, the cover glass material is high-transparency tempered glass for photovoltaic modules, the backsheet material is PET, the crystalline silicon cell material is silicon dioxide and silver paste, and the module encapsulation material is EVA and silicone sealant. EVA is ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and the main material of silicone sealant is polydimethylsiloxane. The photovoltaic support material is galvanized aluminum-magnesium alloy, and the photovoltaic module mounting block material is stainless steel 304L. The material parameters involved include Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, yield strength, hardness, mass density, and ultimate tensile strength.

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