Electric spindle bearing protection mechanism and electric spindle system having the same.

Abstract

This invention provides an electric spindle bearing protection mechanism and an electric spindle system having the same. The electric spindle bearing protection mechanism includes: a friction disc, fixedly connected to the electric spindle; and an electromagnetic assembly, including an electromagnet and a mating part, one of which is disposed on an end cover, and the other is disposed on the friction disc or used to stop the friction disc. The mating part is made of magnetic material or iron. When the electromagnet is energized, the electromagnet and the mating part are magnetically attracted, and the direction of the electromagnetic force between the electromagnet and the mating part is parallel to the central axis of the electric spindle. This invention effectively solves the problem of short service life of spindle bearings in the prior art.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of machine tools, in particular to an electric spindle bearing protection mechanism and an electric spindle system with the same. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the electric spindle is a typical electromagnetic direct drive device integrating the motor and the spindle rotor, and is the preferred spindle of the modern high-speed machine tool spindle system.

[0003] However, during the operation of the electric spindle, the bearing is usually damaged due to the large external force, which reduces the service life and precision of the bearing, and further affects the entire electric spindle system. In particular, during the tool loosening process, the tool loosening oil cylinder pushes the disc spring and the pull rod, and the reaction force of the disc spring is directly applied to the spindle bearing, which causes the spindle bearing to be damaged by a large axial force. SUMMARY

[0004] The main purpose of the present application is to provide an electric spindle bearing protection mechanism and an electric spindle system with the same to solve the problem of short service life of the spindle bearing in the prior art.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, according to one aspect of the present application, an electric spindle bearing protection mechanism is provided, comprising: a friction disc fixedly connected with an electric spindle; an electromagnetic assembly comprising an electromagnet and a cooperating part, one of the electromagnet and the cooperating part is arranged on an end cover, and the other of the electromagnet and the cooperating part is arranged on the friction disc or used to stop the friction disc; wherein the cooperating part is made of magnetic material or iron, and after the electromagnet is powered, the electromagnet and the cooperating part are magnetically attracted, and the direction of the electromagnetic force between the electromagnet and the cooperating part is parallel to the central axis of the electric spindle.

[0006] Further, the electric spindle bearing protection mechanism further comprises: a detection device for detecting the running state of the electric spindle; a control module connected with the detection device and the electromagnet; wherein when the detection device detects that the electric spindle is in a tool loosening state, the control module controls the electromagnet to be connected with the power supply.

[0007] Further, the friction disc comprises: a cylinder body sleeved on the electric spindle and in interference fit with the electric spindle; a protruding edge arranged on the outer surface of the cylinder body, the protruding edge being located between the electromagnet and the cooperating part; wherein when the electromagnet and the cooperating part are magnetically attracted, the cooperating part and the electromagnet clamp the protruding edge.

[0008] Further, the electromagnetic assembly is one; or the electromagnetic assembly is multiple, and the multiple electromagnetic assemblies are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the electric spindle.

[0009] Further, the electromagnetic assembly further comprises: an elastic structure arranged between the electromagnet and the cooperating part, the elastic structure being used to apply an elastic force to the cooperating part towards the side away from the electromagnet.

[0010] Further, the electromagnetic assembly further comprises a seat body connected with the end cover, the seat body has a first mounting recess and a second mounting recess arranged at intervals, and the electromagnet is arranged in the first mounting recess; wherein the elastic structure is a spring, and the spring is arranged in the second mounting recess.

[0011] Further, the seat body has a matching surface for contacting the protruding edge, the second mounting recess is located at the outer side of the matching surface along the radial direction of the cylinder body; and the electromagnetic assembly further comprises a friction plate arranged on the matching surface.

[0012] Further, the electromagnet is annular or arc-shaped, and the electromagnet is coaxially arranged with the electric spindle; and / or the matching part is annular or arc-shaped, and the matching part is coaxially arranged with the electric spindle.

[0013] Further, the electric spindle bearing protection mechanism further comprises a limiting structure connected with the seat body and surrounding the limiting space between the seat body, and the limiting structure is used for limiting and stopping the matching part.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present application, an electric spindle system is provided, comprising: a machine housing; an electric spindle rotatably arranged in the machine housing; a first bearing; a second bearing, the first bearing and the second bearing are arranged at intervals along the central axis of the electric spindle; a loose tool oil cylinder; an electric spindle bearing protection mechanism located between the second bearing and the loose tool oil cylinder; wherein the electric spindle bearing protection mechanism is the above-mentioned electric spindle bearing protection mechanism.

[0015] By applying the technical scheme of the present application, the electric spindle bearing protection mechanism comprises a friction disc and an electromagnetic assembly. The friction disc is fixedly connected with the electric spindle. The electromagnetic assembly comprises an electromagnet and a matching part, and the matching part is made of magnetic material or iron. In this way, during the tool loosening process, the electromagnet is powered to magnetically attract the matching part. Since the direction of the electromagnetic force between the electromagnet and the matching part is parallel to the central axis of the electric spindle, the electric spindle can be pulled by the friction disc to prevent the electric spindle from pushing the spindle bearing (the first bearing) along the central axis direction, thereby preventing the structure of the spindle bearing (the first bearing) from being damaged, and prolonging the service life of the spindle bearing (the first bearing). At the same time, when the electric spindle is pulled, the friction disc is clamped, the electric spindle is braked and cannot rotate, which can avoid the risk of accidental rotation to a certain extent. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0016] The drawings accompanying the specification of this application form a part thereof, serve to provide further understanding of the present application, and together with the description, explain the present application. The embodiments of the present application and its description are used to explain the present application, and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. In the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the electric spindle bearing protection mechanism according to the present application after assembly with an end cap;

[0018] Figure 2 Figure 6 shows a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the electric spindle bearing protection mechanism according to the present application after assembly with an end cap;

[0019] Wherein, the above figures include the following reference signs:

[0020] 1, pull knife oil cylinder; 2, end cap; 20, first bearing; 21, second bearing; 22, rear bearing spacer ring; 23, friction disc; 231, cylinder; 232, protruding edge; 24, limiting structure; 25, matching part; 2601, seat body; 2602, electromagnet; 2603, elastic structure; 2604, friction plate; 27, encoder; 28, encoder disc; 29, shaft core rear end cap; 30, piston; 3, rear bearing seat; 4, roller sleeve; 5, disc spring; 6, limiting block; 7, pull rod; 8, rotor; 9, stator; 10, shaft sleeve; 11, front bearing spacer ring; 12, steel sleeve; 13, shaft sleeve front end cap; 14, shaft core front end cap; 15, electric spindle; 16, pull claw assembly; 17, front end sealing ring; 18, gas sealing ring; 19, front bearing seat. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] It should be noted that the embodiments in the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0022] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the present application have the same meaning as generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0023] In the present application, unless otherwise stated, the orientation words such as "up, down" are generally directed to the directions shown in the drawings, or are directed to the vertical, perpendicular or gravity directions; similarly, for the convenience of understanding and description, "left, right" are generally directed to the left and right shown in the drawings; "inner, outer" refer to the inner and outer relative to the contour of each component itself, but the above orientation words are not used to limit the present application.

[0024] In order to solve the problem of short service life of the spindle bearing in the prior art, the present application provides an electric spindle bearing protection mechanism and an electric spindle system having the same.

[0025] As Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the spindle bearing protection mechanism includes a friction disc 23 and an electromagnetic assembly. The friction disc 23 is fixedly connected with the motorized spindle 15. The electromagnetic assembly includes an electromagnet 2602 and a matching part 25, one of which is arranged on the end cover 2, and the other of which is used to stop the friction disc 23. The matching part 25 is made of magnetic material or iron. When the electromagnet 2602 is powered, the electromagnet 2602 and the matching part 25 are magnetically attracted to each other. The direction of the electromagnetic force between the electromagnet 2602 and the matching part 25 is parallel to the central axis of the motorized spindle 15.

[0026] In the technical solution of the present embodiment, the electromagnet 2602 is powered during the loosening process to magnetically attract the matching part 25. Since the direction of the electromagnetic force between the electromagnet 2602 and the matching part 25 is parallel to the central axis of the motorized spindle 15, the friction disc 23 can pull the motorized spindle 15 to prevent the motorized spindle 15 from pushing the spindle bearing (first bearing 20) in the central axis direction, thereby preventing the spindle bearing (first bearing 20) from being damaged. This solves the problem of short service life of the spindle bearing in the prior art and prolongs the service life of the spindle bearing (first bearing 20). At the same time, the friction disc 23 is clamped when the motorized spindle 15 is pulled, which achieves the braking of the motorized spindle 15 and prevents the motorized spindle 15 from rotating, thereby avoiding the risk of accidental rotation to some extent.

[0027] In other embodiments not shown in the drawings, the spindle bearing protection mechanism includes a friction disc and an electromagnetic assembly. The friction disc is fixedly connected with the motorized spindle. The electromagnetic assembly includes an electromagnet and a matching part, one of which is arranged on the end cover, and the other of which is arranged on the friction disc. In this way, the electromagnet is powered during the loosening process to magnetically attract the matching part. Since the direction of the electromagnetic force between the electromagnet and the matching part is parallel to the central axis of the motorized spindle, the friction disc can pull the motorized spindle to prevent the motorized spindle from pushing the spindle bearing (first bearing) in the central axis direction, thereby preventing the spindle bearing (first bearing) from being damaged. This solves the problem of short service life of the spindle bearing in the prior art and prolongs the service life of the spindle bearing (first bearing). At the same time, the friction disc is clamped when the motorized spindle is pulled, which achieves the braking of the motorized spindle and prevents the motorized spindle from rotating, thereby avoiding the risk of accidental rotation to some extent.

[0028] In the present embodiment, the electromagnet 2602 is arranged on the end cover 2, and the matching part 25 is used to stop the friction disc 23, so that the structure of the spindle bearing protection mechanism is simpler, easier to process and implement, and the processing cost and difficulty of the spindle bearing protection mechanism are reduced.

[0029] In other embodiments not shown in the drawings, the electromagnet is used to stop the friction disc, and the matching part is arranged on the end cover, so that the structure of the electric spindle bearing protection mechanism is simpler, easier to process and implement, and the processing cost and difficulty of the electric spindle bearing protection mechanism are reduced. Optionally, the electric spindle bearing protection mechanism further comprises a detection device and a control module. The detection device is used to detect the running state of the electric spindle 15. The control module is connected with the detection device and the electromagnet 2602. Among them, when the detection device detects that the electric spindle 15 is in the loose tool state, the control module controls the electromagnet 2602 to be connected with the power supply. In this way, during the operation of the machine tool, the running state of the electric spindle 15 is detected by the detection device, and the electromagnet 2602 is automatically powered on or powered off by the control module, thereby improving the intelligent degree of the electric spindle bearing protection mechanism and reducing the labor intensity and operation difficulty of the workers.

[0030] In this embodiment, after the loose tool action is completed, the electric spindle 15 is loosened, the electromagnet 2602 is powered off, and the electric spindle 15 can continue to work normally.

[0031] Optionally, the detection device is a pressure sensor or a distance sensor.

[0032] As shown in Figure 1 The friction disc 23 comprises a cylinder body 231 and a protruding edge 232. The cylinder body 231 is sleeved on the electric spindle 15 and is in interference fit with the electric spindle 15. The protruding edge 232 is arranged on the outer surface of the cylinder body 231, and the protruding edge 232 is located between the electromagnet 2602 and the matching part 25. Among them, when the electromagnet 2602 and the matching part 25 are magnetically attracted, the matching part 25 and the electromagnet 2602 clamp the protruding edge 232. Specifically, the cylinder body 231 is in interference fit with the electric spindle 15, so that the two are fixedly connected. When the protruding edge 232 is clamped by the electromagnetic force between the electromagnet 2602 and the matching part 25, the protruding edge 232 is fixed relative to the end cover 2 and cannot move along the central axis direction of the electric spindle 15, thereby pulling the electric spindle 15 through the friction disc 23 to prevent the electric spindle 15 from pushing the first bearing 20 when the electric spindle 15 is in the loose tool state, causing structural damage to the first bearing 20. At the same time, the above arrangement makes the structure of the friction disc 23 simpler, easier to process and implement, and reduces the processing cost of the friction disc 23.

[0033] In this embodiment, the cylinder body 231 is coaxially arranged with the electric spindle 15, and the protruding edge 232 is annular and coaxially arranged with the cylinder body 231. In this way, after the electromagnet 2602 is powered on, the electromagnetic force between the electromagnet 2602 and the matching part 25 clamps the protruding edge 232, so as to limit the displacement of the friction disc 23 and the electric spindle 15 in the axial direction, so as to prevent the electric spindle 15 from pushing the first bearing 20 along the axial direction.

[0034] Optionally, the electromagnetic assembly is one; or, the electromagnetic assembly is multiple, and the multiple electromagnetic assemblies are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the electric spindle 15. In this way, the above arrangement makes the number of electromagnetic assemblies more flexible to choose, so as to meet different use requirements and working conditions, and also improves the processing flexibility of the workers.

[0035] In the embodiment, the electromagnetic assembly is one, thereby reducing the processing cost of the electric spindle bearing protection mechanism.

[0036] As shown in Figure 1 The electromagnetic assembly further includes an elastic structure 2603. The elastic structure 2603 is arranged between the electromagnet 2602 and the matching part 25, and is used to apply an elastic force to the matching part 25 to move away from the side of the electromagnet 2602. In this way, after the electromagnet 2602 is powered on, the electromagnet 2602 magnetically attracts the matching part 25 to press the elastic structure 2603, and at this time the elastic structure 2603 is in a compressed state; after the electric spindle tool changing process is completed, the electromagnet 2602 is powered off, the elastic structure 2603 restores the elastic deformation and pushes the matching part 25 to move to release the protrusion 232, and loosen the electric spindle 15, so that the electric spindle 15 restores normal rotation work. At the same time, the above arrangement realizes the automatic recovery of the position of the matching part 25, without the need for additional driving devices, thereby reducing the processing cost of the electric spindle bearing protection mechanism.

[0037] As shown in Figure 1 The electromagnetic assembly further includes a seat body 2601. The seat body 2601 is connected with the end cover 2, and has a first mounting recess and a second mounting recess arranged at intervals, and the electromagnet 2602 is arranged in the first mounting recess. The elastic structure 2603 is a spring arranged in the second mounting recess. In this way, the above arrangement makes the disassembly and assembly of the electromagnet 2602 more easy and convenient, and reduces the disassembly and assembly difficulty. At the same time, the above arrangement avoids the movement interference between the spring extension and contraction movement and the electromagnet 2602, so as to affect the normal use of the electromagnet 2602, and improves the protection reliability of the electric spindle bearing protection mechanism to the first bearing 20.

[0038] Optionally, the first mounting recess and / or the second mounting recess is an annular groove, and the first mounting recess is located on the inner side of the second mounting recess.

[0039] As shown in Figure 1As shown, the seat body 2601 has a matching surface for contacting the protruding edge 232, and the second mounting recess is located outside the matching surface in the radial direction of the cylinder body 231. The electromagnetic assembly further comprises a friction plate 2604. The friction plate 2604 is arranged on the matching surface. In this way, the friction plate 2604 can be attached to the friction disc 23 after the friction disc 23 is pulled by the matching part 25 and realize the rotational braking of the motor spindle 15 through friction, as a preventive protection against the rotation of the motor spindle during the loosening process.

[0040] In this embodiment, the friction plate 2604 prevents the motor spindle 15 from rotating during the loosening process while pulling the motor spindle 15, realizing the protective braking of the motor spindle 15.

[0041] Alternatively, the electromagnet 2602 is annular or arc-shaped, and is coaxially arranged with the motor spindle 15; and / or, the matching part 25 is annular or arc-shaped, and is coaxially arranged with the motor spindle 15. In this way, the above-mentioned arrangement makes the shape of the electromagnet 2602 and / or the matching part 25 more diverse to meet different use requirements and working conditions, and also improves the processing flexibility of the workers.

[0042] In this embodiment, the electromagnet 2602 is annular and coaxially arranged with the motor spindle 15, and the matching part 25 is annular and coaxially arranged with the motor spindle 15, thereby increasing the magnetic attraction area of the electromagnet 2602 and the matching part 25 and the electromagnetic force between them, thereby fully clamping the protruding edge 232 to ensure that the friction disc 23 can pull the motor spindle 15 and improve the protection reliability of the motor spindle bearing protection mechanism on the first bearing 20.

[0043] It should be noted that the shape of the electromagnet 2602 is not limited to this and can be adjusted according to the working conditions and use requirements. Alternatively, the electromagnet 2602 is arc-shaped.

[0044] It should be noted that the shape of the matching part 25 is not limited to this and can be adjusted according to the working conditions and use requirements. Alternatively, the matching part 25 is arc-shaped.

[0045] In this embodiment, the electromagnet 2602 is one, and the matching part 25 is one.

[0046] It should be noted that the number of electromagnets 2602 is not limited to this and can be adjusted according to the working conditions and use requirements. Alternatively, the electromagnet 2602 is arc-shaped and multiple, and the multiple electromagnets 2602 are arranged along the circumference of the motor spindle 15.

[0047] It should be noted that the number of matching parts 25 is not limited to this and can be adjusted according to the working conditions and use requirements. Alternatively, the matching part 25 is arc-shaped and multiple, and the multiple matching parts 25 are arranged along the circumference of the motor spindle 15.

[0048] As shown in Figure 1 The electric spindle bearing protection mechanism further comprises a limiting structure 24. The limiting structure 24 is connected with the seat body 2601 and a limiting space is formed therebetween. The limiting structure 24 is used for limiting and stopping the cooperation part 25. In this way, the limiting structure 24 can limit and stop the cooperation part 25 during the movement of the cooperation part 25 pushed by the spring, so as to ensure that the cooperation part 25 slides within a preset range.

[0049] As shown in Figure 2 The application further provides an electric spindle system. The electric spindle system comprises a machine shell, an electric spindle 15, a first bearing 20, a second bearing 21, a loose tool oil cylinder 1 and an electric spindle bearing protection mechanism. The electric spindle 15 is rotatably arranged in the machine shell. The first bearing 20 and the second bearing 21 are arranged along the central axis of the electric spindle 15. The electric spindle bearing protection mechanism is located between the second bearing 21 and the loose tool oil cylinder 1. The electric spindle bearing protection mechanism is the electric spindle bearing protection mechanism described above.

[0050] In the embodiment, the electromagnet 2602 is used to pull the electric spindle 15 before the tool loosening movement, so that the reaction force of the disc spring 5 acts on the electric spindle 15 instead of being transmitted to the first bearing 20, thereby preventing the first bearing 20 from being damaged and the precision being reduced due to the direct action of the reaction force of the disc spring 5, ensuring the rotation precision of the first bearing 20 and prolonging the service life of the first bearing 20.

[0051] Specifically, during the tool loosening process, the loose tool oil cylinder 1 is filled with oil, the piston 30 is driven to push the pull rod 7 and the disc spring 5, and then the pull claw assembly 16 is pushed to complete the tool loosening. In this way, the electric spindle bearing protection mechanism is arranged between the second bearing 21 and the encoder disc 28. Before the tool loosening movement, the electromagnet 2602 is powered, the electromagnet 2602 magnetically attracts the cooperation part 25, so that the cooperation part 25 pulls the friction disc 23 and then pulls the electric spindle 15. When the tool loosening movement starts, the axial force is still transmitted to the electric spindle 15, but the axial force cannot be transmitted to the first bearing 20 due to the cooperation part 25 pulling the friction disc 23 in interference fit with the electric spindle 15 under the action of the magnetic force, thereby achieving the protection of the first bearing 20 by the electric spindle during the tool loosening movement. After the tool loosening movement is completed, the electromagnet 2602 is powered off, the cooperation part 25 is reset to the limiting structure 24 under the action of the spring, the initial state of the electric spindle is restored, and the electric spindle can work normally.

[0052] In the embodiment, the electromagnet 2602 and the limiting structure 24 are mounted on the end cover 2 by screws, the friction disc 23 is in interference fit with the motor shaft 15 and is mounted between the second bearing 21 and the encoder disc 28. The seat body 2601 is mounted on the end cover 2 by screws, the electromagnet 2602 is mounted in the seat body 2601 and can be energized before the loose tool action instruction, and the elastic structure 2603 can reset the matching part 25 to the limiting structure 24 after the electromagnet 2602 is de-energized.

[0053] Specifically, the encoder 27 is arranged on the encoder disc 28.

[0054] Specifically, the shell of the motor shaft system is the shaft sleeve 10, the motor shaft 15 is arranged in the shaft sleeve 10, the stator 9 and the rotor 8 are arranged in the shaft sleeve 10, the stator 9 is sleeved on the rotor 8, the rotor is sleeved on the motor shaft 15, the limiting block 6 is arranged between the rotor 8 and the second bearing 21; the shaft core rear end cover 29 is arranged at one end of the motor shaft 15 close to the end cover 2, and the disc spring 5 is arranged in the motor shaft 15.

[0055] Specifically, the motor shaft system further comprises a front bearing seat assembly and a rear bearing seat assembly, the front bearing seat assembly and the rear bearing seat assembly are sleeved on the motor shaft 15 and located in the shaft sleeve 10, the first bearing 20 is arranged in the front bearing seat 19 and the front bearing spacer ring 11 is arranged between two adjacent first bearings 20, the second bearing 21 is arranged in the rear bearing seat 3 and the rear bearing spacer ring 22 is arranged between two adjacent second bearings 21; the steel sleeve 12 is sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the front bearing seat 19, and the roll sleeve 4 is sleeved on the outer circumferential surface of the rear bearing seat 3; the shaft sleeve front end cover 13 is arranged on the front bearing seat 19, the shaft core front end cover 14 and the front end sealing ring 17 are arranged between the motor shaft 15 and the shaft sleeve front end cover 13; the air sealing ring 18 is arranged between the shaft core front end cover 14 and the shaft sleeve front end cover 13.

[0056] From the above description, it can be seen that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present application achieve the following technical effects:

[0057] The bearing protection mechanism of the electric spindle comprises a friction disc and an electromagnetic assembly. The friction disc is fixedly connected with the electric spindle. The electromagnetic assembly comprises an electromagnet and a matching part made of magnetic material or iron. In this way, during the process of loosening the tool, the electromagnet is powered to magnetically attract the matching part. Since the direction of the electromagnetic force between the electromagnet and the matching part is parallel to the central axis of the electric spindle, the electric spindle can be pulled by the friction disc to prevent the electric spindle from pushing the spindle bearing (the first bearing) along the central axis direction, thereby preventing the structure of the spindle bearing (the first bearing) from being damaged, and prolonging the service life of the spindle bearing (the first bearing). At the same time, when the electric spindle is pulled, the friction disc is clamped to realize the braking of the electric spindle and prevent the electric spindle from rotating, which can avoid the risk of accidental rotation to a certain extent.

[0058] Obviously, the above-described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor should belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0059] It should be noted that the terms used herein are only intended to describe specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprise" and / or "include" are used in the specification, there is a feature, step, work, device, component and / or combination thereof.

[0060] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second" and the like in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-described drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and do not necessarily indicate a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein.

[0061] The above only describes the preferred embodiments of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application can have various modifications and changes. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An electric spindle bearing protection mechanism, characterized by, The electric spindle bearing protection mechanism comprises: a friction disc (23) fixedly connected with the electric spindle (15); an electromagnetic assembly comprising an electromagnet (2602) and a matching part (25), one of the electromagnet (2602) and the matching part (25) is arranged on the end cover (2), and the other of the electromagnet (2602) and the matching part (25) is arranged on the friction disc (23) or used for stopping the friction disc (23); wherein the matching part (25) is made of a magnetic material or iron, after the electromagnet (2602) is powered on, the electromagnet (2602) and the matching part (25) are magnetically attracted, and the direction of the electromagnetic force between the electromagnet (2602) and the matching part (25) is parallel to the central axis of the electric spindle (15); a detection device for detecting the running state of the electric spindle (15); a control module connected with the detection device and the electromagnet (2602); wherein when the detection device detects that the electric spindle (15) is in a loose tool state, the control module is used for controlling the electromagnet (2602) to be in communication with the power supply.

2. The electric spindle bearing protection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that The friction disc (23) comprises: a cylinder body (231) sleeved on the electric spindle (15) and in interference fit with the electric spindle (15); a protruding edge (232) arranged on the outer surface of the cylinder body (231), the protruding edge (232) is located between the electromagnet (2602) and the matching part (25); wherein when the electromagnet (2602) and the matching part (25) are magnetically attracted, the matching part (25) and the electromagnet (2602) clamp the protruding edge (232).

3. The electric spindle bearing protection mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electromagnetic assembly is one; or the electromagnetic assembly is a plurality of electromagnetic assemblies, and the plurality of electromagnetic assemblies are arranged at intervals along the circumference of the electric spindle (15).

4. The electric spindle bearing protection mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The electromagnetic assembly further comprises: a resilient structure (2603) arranged between the electromagnet (2602) and the matching part (25), the resilient structure (2603) is used for applying an elastic force to the matching part (25) to move away from the electromagnet (2602).

5. The electric spindle bearing protection mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that, The electromagnetic assembly further comprises: a seat body (2601) connected with the end cover (2), the seat body (2601) has a first mounting recess and a second mounting recess arranged at intervals, and the electromagnet (2602) is arranged in the first mounting recess; wherein the resilient structure (2603) is a spring, and the spring is arranged in the second mounting recess.

6. The electric spindle bearing protection mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, The seat body (2601) has a matching surface used for contacting the protruding edge (232), the second mounting recess is located on the outer side of the matching surface along the radial direction of the cylinder body (231); and the electromagnetic assembly further comprises: a friction plate (2604) arranged on the matching surface.

7. The electric spindle bearing protection mechanism according to claim 1, wherein: the electromagnet (2602) is annular or arc-shaped, and the electromagnet (2602) is coaxially arranged with the electric spindle (15); and / or, The matching part (25) is annular or arc-shaped, and is coaxially arranged with the electric spindle (15).

8. The electric spindle bearing protection mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that, The electric spindle bearing protection mechanism further comprises: A limiting structure (24) is connected with the seat body (2601) and surrounds a limiting space with the seat body (2601), and the limiting structure (24) is used for limiting and stopping the matching part (25).

9. An electrospindle system characterized by, Comprise: A machine shell; An electric spindle (15) is rotatably arranged in the machine shell; A first bearing (20); A second bearing (21), the first bearing (20) and the second bearing (21) are arranged along the central axis of the electric spindle (15); A loose cutter oil cylinder (1); An electric spindle bearing protection mechanism is located between the second bearing (21) and the loose cutter oil cylinder (1); Wherein, the electric spindle bearing protection mechanism is the electric spindle bearing protection mechanism in any one of claims 1 to 8.

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