A method and system for urban drone monitoring based on low-cost chip radar

Abstract

The present invention provides an urban UAV monitoring method and system based on low-cost chip radar, which determines the effective range and distribution requirements of the chip radar according to the urban radar installation environment, thereby expanding or reducing the array size of the chip radar according to the actual layout and effective range requirements, and making full use of the booming 5G Internet of Things technology. A chip radar detection network with a suitable effective range is constructed on demand through modularization, which solves the urgent need for monitoring "low-altitude, slow-speed, small-target" UAVs in complex urban environments in the prior art and the technical problem of poor detection effect, and realizes the construction of a feasible, effective, and low-cost urban / key area anti-UAV detection system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of radio frequency sensor systems, and in particular to a method and system for monitoring urban unmanned aerial vehicles based on low-cost chip radar. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, the rapid development of "low, small and slow" drones, the sudden increase in scale, and the serious "illegal flying" have led to many safety hazards due to the weak monitoring of low-altitude, slow and small targets. In order to effectively respond, on the one hand, we actively introduce policies and regulations related to low-altitude airspace management, and on the other hand, we increase the research and development of anti-drone systems. In the anti-drone system, radar target detection with the advantages of long-range early warning, wide-area monitoring, precise tracking, all-day and all-weather is the most critical link. However, due to the characteristics of "low, small and slow" targets such as drones, such as drones, they have low flight altitudes (easily blocked by terrain, strong concealment, etc.), small target size (extremely small RCS, extremely low echo power), and slow movement speed (weak Doppler effect, difficult to distinguish from clutter), their own characteristics determine that they are difficult to be detected by traditional radars, and detection is a necessary prerequisite for interception and attack.

[0003] With the continuous improvement of low-altitude, small and slow target radar detection system technology and detection and tracking algorithm technology, low-altitude, small target detection technology suitable for engineering applications has made great progress. However, from the actual situation of promotion and application, it can only meet the requirements of low-altitude, small and slow target detection in simple working conditions such as the wild and open areas. In the complex urban environment with tall buildings, the blocking and shielding of electromagnetic waves by buildings and trees, the disturbance reflection / refraction / multi-path propagation coupling of ground moving targets, and the interference of radio stations / base stations and other signals have greatly limited the detection effect of current low-altitude, small and slow radars, and new solutions must be sought.

[0004] In addition, with the demand and promotion of "smart city" construction, it can be judged that the next generation of low, small and slow radar detection systems for urban security need to meet the environmental adaptability of different working conditions, and different detection and countermeasure devices are equipped for different working conditions such as outdoor and urban areas, with a multi-layer system detection architecture with long-range high power, medium and short-range blind spot filling and short-range dynamic networking. At present, the solution for anti-low, slow and small drones is mainly aimed at working environments with good outdoor conditions. The equipped radar sensors mainly cover the distance of 10km and 1km. There are many products of long-range high power and medium and short-range blind spot filling radars on the market, but it is difficult to meet the urgent needs of anti-drone in complex urban environments. The concept of short-range dynamic networking in the urban context has also been thrown out, but no concrete and implementable methods and solutions have been proposed. At the same time, in addition to the design considerations of adaptability to the urban environment, the marketization and practical application requirements such as cost, volume, weight, and convenience of installation in urban areas should also be considered to truly build a solid security network for the city.

[0005] Existing technologies can hardly meet the urgent need to monitor “low-altitude, slow-speed, small-target” drones in complex urban environments, and the detection effect is poor. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for monitoring urban UAVs based on low-cost chip radar to solve the technical problem of poor detection of "low-altitude, slow-speed, small-target" UAVs in complex urban environments in the prior art. The method includes:

[0007] Determine the range and distribution requirements of the chip radar according to the urban radar installation environment, wherein the chip radar is a silicon-based chip radar;

[0008] Determining the array size of the chip-type radar based on the range requirement, wherein the array includes a plurality of silicon-based radio frequency microsystems;

[0009] A radar monitoring network for urban drones is constructed in combination with the array size of the chip-type radar and the distribution requirements. The radar monitoring network is constructed based on 5G technology and Internet of Things technology.

[0010] Furthermore, the silicon-based radio frequency microsystem is constructed using a SoC chip, and the SoC chip is integrated using an antenna radiation array, a T / R array, and a feed network integrated technology.

[0011] Furthermore, the silicon-based RF microsystem is constructed by multiple silicon-based T / R channels.

[0012] Furthermore, the peak power of a single silicon-based T / R channel is 400 milliwatts.

[0013] Furthermore, the array of the chip-type radar includes:

[0014] Silicon-based RF microsystem: a radar array is composed of one or more silicon-based RF microsystems.

[0015] Ultra-thin integrated digital processing unit, which is closely attached to the back of the array surface. One radar array surface includes one ultra-thin integrated digital processing unit;

[0016] 5G-IoT transceiver terminal, the 5G-IoT transceiver terminal is located on the back of the array, and is set on one side of the ultra-thin integrated digital processing unit.

[0017] Furthermore, the radar monitoring network includes:

[0018] A plurality of radar monitoring areas are obtained, wherein any radar monitoring area of ​​the plurality of radar monitoring areas is distributed with a plurality of chip radars;

[0019] Aggregating radar information within each radar monitoring area of ​​the multiple radar monitoring areas into a single node;

[0020] Based on the 5G wireless cellular network, multi-node interconnection is achieved within the radar monitoring network, and the radar monitoring network includes the multiple radar monitoring areas.

[0021] Furthermore, the radar monitoring network is constructed by combining distributed processing with centralized control.

[0022] Furthermore, multiple nodes within the radar monitoring network realize dynamic interconnection and real-time monitoring and upload the monitoring information to the decision-making body.

[0023] The embodiment of the present invention also provides an urban drone monitoring system based on low-cost chip radar to solve the technical problem of poor detection effect of "low-altitude, slow-speed, small-target" drones in complex urban environments in the prior art. The system includes:

[0024] A demand analysis module, the demand analysis module is used to determine the range requirement and distribution requirement of the chip radar according to the urban radar installation environment, wherein the chip radar is a silicon-based chip radar;

[0025] An array analysis module, the array analysis module is used to determine the array size of the chip-type radar based on the effective range requirement, the array including a plurality of silicon-based radio frequency microsystems;

[0026] A network construction module is used to construct a radar monitoring network for urban drones in combination with the array size of the chip radar and the distribution requirements. The radar monitoring network is constructed based on 5G technology and Internet of Things technology.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, at least one of the above-mentioned technical solutions adopted in the embodiments of this specification can achieve at least the following beneficial effects: the present invention is based on a silicon-based RF microsystem, and modularly constructs low-cost chip radar systems of different sizes on demand, which can be mounted to meet complex urban installation needs, and uses the Internet of Things technology driven by 5G technology to build a monitoring network, thereby having significant advantages such as "real-time" communication and massive and agile data throughput, and solving technical problems such as the inability to effectively detect "low, slow and small" drones in urban areas and the high cost of sensors that cannot be promoted and applied. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0029] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of a process flow of a method for monitoring urban UAVs based on a low-cost chip radar provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a chip-type radar array provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a silicon-based radio frequency microsystem provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the radar monitoring network layout provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the structure of an urban UAV monitoring system based on a low-cost chip radar provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] The accompanying drawings in the figure are as follows: 1. urban ground; 2. urban buildings; 3. street lamps; 4. chip radar system; 5. radar range envelope; 6. 5G cellular network schematic; 7. data throughput schematic; 8. dynamic networking detection; 9. switchboard; 10. silicon-based RF microsystem; 11. radar array; 12. ultra-thin integrated digital processing unit; 13. 5G-IoT transceiver terminal; 500. system; 501. demand analysis module; 502. array analysis module; 503. network construction module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] The embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0036] The following describes the implementation methods of the present application through specific examples, and those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present application from the contents disclosed in this specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. The present application can also be implemented or applied through other different specific implementation methods, and the details in this specification can also be modified or changed in various ways based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present application. It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present application.

[0037] In an embodiment of the present invention, a method for monitoring urban drones based on low-cost chip radar is provided. Figure 1As shown, the method includes: step S100: determining the range requirement and distribution requirement of the chip radar according to the urban radar installation environment, wherein the chip radar is a silicon-based chip radar; step S200: determining the size of the array 11 of the chip radar based on the range requirement, the array 11 including a plurality of silicon-based radio frequency microsystems 10; step S300: constructing a radar monitoring network for urban drones in combination with the size of the array 11 of the chip radar and the distribution requirement, wherein the radar monitoring network is constructed based on 5G technology and Internet of Things technology.

[0038] The present application provides a method for monitoring urban drones based on low-cost chip radars. Based on a silicon-based RF microsystem, a low-cost chip radar system of different sizes is modularly constructed on demand, which can be mounted to meet complex urban installation needs. The Internet of Things technology driven by 5G technology is used to build a monitoring network, thereby having significant advantages such as "real-time" communication and massive and agile data throughput, and solving technical problems such as the inability to effectively detect "low, slow and small" drones in urban areas and the high cost of sensors that cannot be promoted and applied.

[0039] Depend on Figure 1 As can be seen from the process shown, the first embodiment of the present invention specifically includes the following steps:

[0040] Step S100: determining the range requirement and distribution requirement of the chip radar according to the urban radar installation environment, wherein the chip radar is a silicon-based chip radar;

[0041] Specifically, the embodiment of the present application targets the complex physical and electromagnetic environment of the urban area, takes measures according to local conditions and makes reasonable layout, carries out data-level distributed collaborative networking detection for high-density radar sensors, and builds a feasible, effective, and low-cost urban / key area anti-UAV detection system. First, the urban radar installation environment is analyzed, and the silicon-based low-cost chip radar system of different sizes is modularly constructed according to the radar radiation requirements and distribution location requirements, corresponding to different effective range envelopes. The cost of active phased array radar is mainly limited by its core T / R components. With the development of low-cost silicon-based monolithic integration technology, the emergence of high-integration silicon-based T / R monolithic and the application of high-density integrated design of RF microsystems, the thinness, low cost and scalability of silicon-based chip radars have become a reality, and silicon itself is easy to obtain and the implementation process is simple. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, silicon-based chip radars are used to build the monitoring network, which further reduces the cost of building the radar monitoring network. The remarkable characteristics of silicon-based chip radars, such as thinness, high reliability, and low cost, make it easy to promote and apply when it is laid out on the surface of urban buildings, street lights and other infrastructure.

[0042] Step S200: determining the size of the array surface 11 of the chip-type radar based on the action distance requirement, the array surface 11 including a plurality of silicon-based radio frequency microsystems 10;

[0043] Furthermore, the array surface 11 of the chip-type radar includes:

[0044] Silicon-based radio frequency microsystem 10, a radar array 11 is composed of one or more silicon-based radio frequency microsystems 10;

[0045] An ultra-thin integrated digital processing unit 12, the ultra-thin integrated digital processing unit 12 is closely attached to the back of the array surface 11, and one radar array surface 11 includes one ultra-thin integrated digital processing unit 12;

[0046] The 5G-IoT transceiver terminal 13 is located on the back of the array surface 11 and is arranged on one side of the ultra-thin integrated digital processing unit 12 .

[0047] Furthermore, the silicon-based radio frequency microsystem 10 is constructed using a SoC chip, and the SoC chip is integrated using an antenna radiation array, a T / R array, and a feed network integrated technology.

[0048] Furthermore, the silicon-based RF microsystem 10 is constructed by multiple silicon-based T / R channels, and the peak power of a single silicon-based T / R channel is 400 milliwatts.

[0049] Specifically, the structural schematic diagram of the chip-type radar array 11 is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the structural schematic diagram of the silicon-based radio frequency microsystem 10 is as shown Figure 3 As shown. Among them, the array surface 11 of the chip radar is mainly composed of standardized and modular silicon-based radio frequency microsystems 10, which adopt a solid-state active phased array system and have high reliability, anti-interference ability and multi-target tracking ability. The thickness of the X-band silicon-based radio frequency microsystem 10 is 10-15mm; the radar array surface 11 provides a support framework for the modular installation of the silicon-based radio frequency microsystem 10, and the actual layout and the need for the range of action are expanded or reduced. It also includes modules such as radio frequency digital preprocessing and power supply required for radar operation; the rear end of the array surface is close to the ultra-thin integrated digital processing unit 12, including the rear cover of the chip radar, with a thickness of about 12-15mm, responsible for radar signal processing, data processing, interface management and resource management functions; on one side of the ultra-thin integrated digital processing unit, a 5G-IoT (5G-Internet of Things) transceiver terminal 13 is installed, which is connected to the I / O output of the digital processing unit internally and radiates target information data to be shared externally, and has the wireless networking capability of distributed collaborative detection.

[0050] Furthermore, the silicon-based RF microsystem 10 uses SoC chips to replace many discrete chips, realize the functions and performance of traditional T / R components, greatly reduce the number of chips, and reduce the cost of components; adopt the RF microsystem integration technology that integrates antenna radiation array, T / R array and feed network, replace the traditional RF connector with microwave board layer interconnection, integrate the feed network in the sub-array, reduce the feed network module, and further realize the advantages of thinness, high performance and low cost of chip-type radar. Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the standard unit of the silicon-based RF microsystem 10 currently used is a 16-channel subarray with a 4×4 layout. The size of the silicon-based RF microsystem 10 is 64mm long×64mm wide×12mm thick, and the peak power of a single channel is 400 milliwatts. For example, a silicon-based chip radar composed of one RF microsystem 10 has a detection range of about 350 meters for low, slow and small targets similar to DJI-Phantom 4. The chip radars constructed with two and four RF microsystems have an operating range of about 500 meters and 650 meters respectively.

[0051] Step S300: A radar monitoring network for urban drones is constructed based on the size of the array surface 11 of the chip radar and the distribution requirements. The radar monitoring network is constructed based on 5G technology and Internet of Things technology.

[0052] Furthermore, step S300 also includes:

[0053] Step S310: obtaining a plurality of radar monitoring areas, wherein any radar monitoring area of ​​the plurality of radar monitoring areas is distributed with a plurality of chip radars;

[0054] Step S320: Aggregating radar information in each radar monitoring area of ​​the multiple radar monitoring areas into a single node;

[0055] Step S330: Based on the 5G wireless cellular network, realize the interconnection of multiple nodes within the radar monitoring network, and the radar monitoring network includes the multiple radar monitoring areas.

[0056] Specifically, the layout of the radar monitoring network is as follows: Figure 4As shown, it is constructed by combining distributed processing with centralized control. According to the installation environment, based on the latest technological breakthroughs of silicon-based RF microsystems, it is mounted and distributed on the ground 1 of the city, between buildings 2, on street lamps 3, etc., and modularly constructed on demand with different sizes of silicon-based low-cost chip radar systems 4, which generate different effective range envelopes 5. The Internet of Things technology driven by 5G will have significant advantages such as large-scale (1 million / square kilometer) sensor system wireless network connection, ultra-reliable low-latency communication ("real-time" communication), and massive and agile data throughput 7. It will carry out three-dimensional systematic, blind-spot-free, terminal short-range dynamic networking detection 8, collect the distributed processing results and centrally solve, analyze, control and distribute them by the switchboard 9, solving the difficulties and pain points such as the inability to effectively detect low, slow and small threat targets in the city and the high cost of sensors that cannot be promoted and applied.

[0057] Furthermore, when constructing a radar monitoring network, it is divided into multiple radar monitoring areas according to the radar installation environment. Each area includes multiple chip radars installed in different locations. The information of multiple chip radars in the area is aggregated into a single node, thereby realizing multi-node interconnection within the radar monitoring network based on the 5G wireless cellular network. Due to the increase in 5G available spectrum and overall bandwidth, it is possible to connect a large number of IoT devices, especially distributed sensor systems of cellular products between buildings. With the help of infrastructure equipment such as buildings and street lights in the urban area, based on the advantages of thinness, high performance and low cost of chip radar, the Internet of Things technology using 5G technology can manage the capacity threshold of up to 1 million networked devices per square kilometer, and combine a certain number of distributed chip radars in key areas with close-range dynamic regional networking, situation and data sharing, distributed processing and centralized control. The regional networking information centralized solution point 9 is aggregated into a node. Through the 5G wireless cellular network, it can perform "real-time" interconnection, distribution, sharing, and collaboration tasks with many other regional networking nodes. Finally, a dynamic, agile, and blind-spot-free monitoring network that meets the needs of urban environments can be built on demand and reported to decision-making agencies or strike systems. In this way, it is possible to carry out data-level distributed collaborative networking detection for high-density radar sensors in accordance with local conditions and reasonable layout for the complex physical and electromagnetic environment of the urban area, and build a feasible, effective, and low-cost urban / key area anti-UAV detection system.

[0058] Based on the same inventive concept, an urban drone monitoring system based on a low-cost chip radar is also provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as described in the following embodiments. Since the principle of solving the problem by an urban drone monitoring system based on a low-cost chip radar is similar to that of an urban drone monitoring method based on a low-cost chip radar, the implementation of an urban drone monitoring system based on a low-cost chip radar can refer to the implementation of an urban drone monitoring method based on a low-cost chip radar, and the repetitions will not be repeated. As used below, the terms "unit" or "module" may be a combination of software and / or hardware that implements a predetermined function. Although the system described in the following embodiments is preferably implemented in software, the implementation of hardware, or a combination of software and hardware, is also possible and conceived.

[0059] like Figure 5 As shown, it is a structural block diagram of an urban UAV monitoring system 500 based on a low-cost chip radar according to an embodiment of the present invention, including: a demand analysis module 501, the demand analysis module 501 is used to determine the range requirement and distribution requirement of the chip radar according to the urban radar installation environment, wherein the chip radar is a silicon-based chip radar; an array analysis module 502, the array analysis module 501 is used to determine the array size of the chip radar based on the range requirement, and the array includes multiple silicon-based RF microsystems; a network construction module 503, the network construction module 503 is used to construct a radar monitoring network for urban UAVs in combination with the array size of the chip radar and the distribution requirement, and the radar monitoring network is based on 5G technology and Internet of Things technology to achieve network construction.

[0060] The embodiments of the present invention achieve the following technical effects:

[0061] 1. Based on the universal, standardized, low-cost ultra-thin silicon-based RF microsystem, the chip radar system is modularly constructed to be responsible for short-range detection at the end, while meeting market and practical requirements such as cost, volume, weight, on-demand expansion, and convenience of installation in urban areas. The silicon-based chip radar has the remarkable characteristics of being light, thin, highly reliable, and low-cost, so that it will not bring additional burden to the infrastructure itself when it is deployed on the surface of urban buildings, street lights, and other infrastructure, and is easy to promote and apply;

[0062] 2. According to local conditions, deploy monolithic radars of different sizes on urban infrastructure such as buildings and street lights as needed, control the appropriate radar range according to the layout, and use high-speed, wide / deep coverage, low energy consumption, and low-latency 5G technology to effectively network many distributed monolithic radars, process them in the cloud center, distribute information, and share them in real time, so as to build an effective urban / key area detection network system. By making full use of the booming 5G Internet of Things technology and modularly building a chip radar detection network with a suitable range on demand, it can solve the problem that traditional low-speed and small radars cannot effectively detect targets in complex urban environments and have wide-area safety blind spots. With the improvement and maturity of the construction method, the construction of a large-scale anti-UAV monitoring network in the field, suburbs, and urban areas composed of long-range high-power radars, medium- and short-range blind spot radars, and chip radar networks can be further applied and promoted.

[0063] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the embodiments of the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring urban drones based on low-cost chip radar, characterized in that: include: Determine the range and distribution requirements of the chip radar according to the urban radar installation environment, wherein the chip radar is a silicon-based chip radar; Determining the size of the array surface (11) of the chip-type radar based on the required range, wherein the array surface (11) includes a plurality of silicon-based radio frequency microsystems (10); A radar monitoring network for urban drones is constructed based on the size of the array surface (11) of the chip-type radar and the distribution requirements, wherein the radar monitoring network is constructed based on 5G technology and Internet of Things technology; The array surface (11) of the chip-type radar comprises: Silicon-based radio frequency microsystem (10), a radar array (11) is composed of one or more silicon-based radio frequency microsystems (10); An ultra-thin integrated digital processing unit (12), the ultra-thin integrated digital processing unit (12) being closely attached to the back of the array surface (11), and one radar array surface (11) comprising one ultra-thin integrated digital processing unit (12); A 5G-IoT transceiver terminal (13), the 5G-IoT transceiver terminal (13) is located on the back of the array surface (11) and is arranged on one side of the ultra-thin integrated digital processing unit (12).

2. The urban drone monitoring method based on low-cost chip radar according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The silicon-based radio frequency microsystem is constructed using a SoC chip, and the SoC chip is integrated using an antenna radiation array, a T / R array, and a feed network integrated technology.

3. The urban drone monitoring method based on low-cost chip radar according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The silicon-based radio frequency microsystem (10) is constructed by a plurality of silicon-based T / R channels.

4. The urban drone monitoring method based on low-cost chip radar according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The peak power of a single silicon-based T / R channel is 400 mW.

5. The urban drone monitoring method based on low-cost chip radar according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The radar monitoring network includes: A plurality of radar monitoring areas are obtained, wherein any radar monitoring area of ​​the plurality of radar monitoring areas is distributed with a plurality of chip radars; Aggregating radar information within each radar monitoring area of ​​the multiple radar monitoring areas into a single node; Based on the 5G wireless cellular network, multi-node interconnection is achieved within the radar monitoring network, and the radar monitoring network includes the multiple radar monitoring areas.

6. The urban drone monitoring method based on low-cost chip radar according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The radar monitoring network is constructed by combining distributed processing with centralized control.

7. The urban drone monitoring method based on low-cost chip radar according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The multiple nodes in the radar monitoring network realize dynamic interconnection, real-time monitoring and upload the monitoring information to the decision-making body.

8. An urban drone monitoring system based on low-cost chip radar, characterized in that: include: A demand analysis module, the demand analysis module is used to determine the range requirement and distribution requirement of the chip radar according to the urban radar installation environment, wherein the chip radar is a silicon-based chip radar; A front analysis module, the front analysis module is used to determine the size of the front (11) of the chip radar based on the action distance requirement, the front (11) comprising a plurality of silicon-based radio frequency microsystems (10), the front (11) of the chip radar comprising: a silicon-based radio frequency microsystem (10), one radar front (11) being formed by splicing one or more silicon-based radio frequency microsystems (10); an ultra-thin integrated digital processing unit (12), the ultra-thin integrated digital processing unit (12) being closely attached to the back of the front (11), one radar front (11) comprising one ultra-thin integrated digital processing unit (12); and a 5G-Internet of Things transceiver terminal (13), the 5G-Internet of Things transceiver terminal (13) being located at the back of the front (11) and being arranged on one side of the ultra-thin integrated digital processing unit (12); A network construction module, the network construction module is used to build a radar monitoring network for urban drones in combination with the size of the array surface (11) of the chip-type radar and the distribution requirements, and the radar monitoring network is built based on 5G technology and Internet of Things technology.

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