A drilling sight for orthopedic surgery

Abstract

The invention discloses a drilling sight for orthopedic surgery, comprising a dial, a circular arc surface on the dial, a cavity on the circular arc surface, the cavity divides the circular arc surface into a front circular arc surface and a rear circular arc surface, and a plurality of V-shaped grooves are correspondingly arranged on the front circular arc surface and the rear circular arc surface; a guide sleeve is inserted in the shaft hole, a guide block, a spring, a dividing block, and a locking handle are coaxially sleeved outside the guide sleeve in sequence, the lower surface of the dividing block matches the circular arc surface of the dial, a pair of V-shaped teeth are arranged on the arc-shaped lower surface of the dividing block, the V-shaped teeth match the V-shaped grooves, the locking handle is connected to the guide sleeve by threads, and the through hole of the locking handle is coaxially connected to the guide sleeve. The aiming of the drilling can be carried out by utilizing the guiding effect of the guide sleeve, the drilling angle adjustment is flexible and convenient, and the surgical efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention specifically relates to a drilling aimer for orthopedic surgery, belonging to the technical field of medical devices. Background Art

[0002] Fractures and bone cracks are common orthopedic diseases, which usually require screws and plates for internal fixation. For example, mid-femoral fractures and proximal femoral fractures are common fractures in clinical practice, which can be treated with intramedullary fixation or extramedullary fixation. Proximal fractures include intertrochanteric fractures, intertrochanteric fractures, and femoral neck fractures, which are mainly treated by surgical open reduction and internal fixation. Dynamic hip screw (DHS) is a fracture fixation technique widely used in proximal femoral fractures and belongs to extramedullary fixation. Dynamic hip screw internal fixation is currently the most commonly used surgical method for the treatment of proximal femoral fractures. One of the key operations of the operation is to insert the positioning guide pin and screw in a specific direction, which determines the position and direction of the screw in the femoral neck. Improper placement will lead to unstable fixation of the fracture surface, malformed healing of the fracture, and complications such as femoral head necrosis. The normal value of the human femoral neck-shaft angle is between 110 and 140°, with an average of 132° for men and 127° for women. Clinically, the angle between the screw and the plate needs to match the neck-shaft angle. Of course, whether it is extramedullary fixation or intramedullary fixation, the bone needs to be drilled in a specific direction before the screw is implanted to achieve the best fixation effect. In actual surgery, doctors usually make judgments based on X-rays and experience, and use guide auxiliary devices to aim and drill. However, the angle fixation of existing guide auxiliary devices cannot be flexibly adjusted, which is inconvenient to use and affects the efficiency of the operation. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a drilling aimer for orthopedic surgery, in order to solve the problem that the orthopedic drilling angle cannot be flexibly adjusted.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0005] A drilling sight for orthopedic surgery comprises a scale plate, wherein the scale plate comprises a top surface, a bottom surface, a left side surface, a front side surface, a rear side surface and a quarter arc surface, wherein the bottom surface and the left side surface are perpendicular to each other and connected by an arc chamfer, an axial hole is concentrically arranged at the chamfer of the front side surface and the rear side surface, a cavity is opened on the arc surface, the cavity is connected with the axial hole, the left side surface and the bottom surface, the cavity divides the arc surface into a front arc surface and a rear arc surface, and a plurality of V-shaped grooves are correspondingly arranged on the front arc surface and the rear arc surface; a rotating shaft is passed through the axial hole, a through hole is opened in the middle of the rotating shaft body, and a through hole is opened in the through hole. A guide sleeve is passed through the hole, and a guide block, a spring, a dividing block and a locking handle are coaxially sleeved in sequence outside the guide sleeve. The spring is located inside the cavity, and the dividing block and the locking handle are located outside the cavity. The lower surface of the dividing block is arc-shaped, and the lower surface of the dividing block matches the arc surface of the dial. A pair of V-shaped teeth are arranged on the arc-shaped lower surface of the dividing block, and the V-shaped teeth match the V-shaped grooves; an external thread is arranged on the upper part of the guide sleeve, and an internal thread and a through hole are arranged on the locking handle. The locking handle is connected to the guide sleeve by threads, and the through hole of the locking handle is coaxially connected to the guide sleeve.

[0006] Furthermore, an arc bottom groove is arranged on the bottom surface of the scale plate, and a plurality of positioning pins are arranged on both sides of the arc bottom groove.

[0007] Furthermore, a gripping handle is fixedly connected to the top surface of the dial.

[0008] Furthermore, angle scales are marked at the bottom of each V-shaped groove on the front side and the rear side.

[0009] Beneficial effects: In the present invention, the lower surface of the indexing block matches the arc surface of the dial, the V-shaped teeth on the indexing block match the V-shaped grooves on the dial, and the indexing block can be pressed against the arc surface of the dial at different angles by using a locking handle, thereby determining the axial angle of the guide sleeve. When the angle of the guide sleeve needs to be adjusted, it is only necessary to loosen the locking handle, use the spring force to push the indexing block out, and then rotate the guide sleeve to a suitable angle, and then tighten the locking handle again. The aiming of the drilling can be performed by using the guiding effect of the guide sleeve, so the drilling angle adjustment is flexible and convenient, and the surgical efficiency is improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an orthopedic drilling aimer.

[0011] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the dial.

[0012] Figure 3 The front view of the dial.

[0013] Figure 4 This is the left side view of the dial.

[0014] Figure 5 This is a bottom view of the dial.

[0015] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the guide sleeve.

[0016] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the rotating shaft.

[0017] Figure 8 It is a side view of the indexing machine.

[0018] Fig. 9 This is a top view of the indexing machine.

[0019] Fig.10 Schematic diagram of the locking handle.

[0020] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram showing the sight usage status.

[0021] Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the femur fixed with dynamic hip screw and plate.

[0022] Markings in the figure: 1 gripping handle, 2 dial, 3 guide sleeve, 4 guide block, 5 rotating shaft, 6 spring, 7 positioning pin, 8 dividing block, 9 locking handle, 10 femur, 21 left side, 22 bottom surface, 23 front side, 24 back side, 25 cavity, 26 front arc surface, 27 back arc surface, 28 V-shaped groove, 29 top surface, 31 external thread, 32 retaining ring, 33 through hole, 51 through hole, 81 V-shaped tooth, 91 through hole, 92 internal thread, 101 fracture surface, 102 dynamic hip screw, 103 dynamic hip plate, 221 arc bottom groove, 222 positioning pin mounting hole, 231 shaft hole, 291 gripping handle mounting hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0024] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "radial", "axial", "upper", "lower", "top", "bottom", "front", "rear", "left", "right" and the like indicate directions or positional relationships based on directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "plurality" means two or more.

[0025] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installation", "setting", and "connection" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0026] like Figure 1 As shown, a drilling sight for orthopedic surgery includes a gripping handle 1, a dial 2, a rotating shaft 5, a guide sleeve 3, a dividing block 8, a locking handle 9 and the like.

[0027] The structure of the dial is as follows Figure 2-5 As shown, the scale plate 2 includes a bottom surface 22, a top surface 29, a left side surface 21, a front side surface 23, a rear side surface 24 and a quarter arc surface, a cavity 25 is provided on the arc surface, the cavity is connected with the lower part of the left side surface and the left part of the bottom surface, the cavity 25 divides the arc surface into a front arc surface 26 and a rear arc surface 27, a plurality of V-shaped grooves 28 are correspondingly provided on the front arc surface 26 and the rear arc surface 27, and an angle scale is marked at the bottom of each V-shaped groove, for example Figure 3 In the figure, multiple angles from 30 to 60 degrees are shown at intervals of 5 degrees, and of course the angle intervals can be further subdivided as needed. A gripping handle mounting hole 291 is provided on the top surface 29 of the dial to facilitate the installation of the gripping handle 1. The bottom surface 22 protrudes to the right by the arc surfaces 26 and 27 for a distance, and an arc bottom groove 221 is provided on the bottom surface 22. Two positioning pin mounting holes 222 are provided on both sides of the arc bottom groove 221, and a positioning pin 7 is installed in each positioning pin mounting hole 222. In this way, the arc bottom groove can be used to cover the outer surface of the bone when drilling, and the positioning pin can be inserted into the bone surface to prevent the dial from sliding or rotating, thereby better fixing the dial.

[0028] The bottom surface 22 and the left side surface 21 of the dial are perpendicular to each other and connected by a circular chamfer. An axial hole 231 is provided concentrically with the chamfer at the chamfer of the front side surface 23 and the rear side surface 24. A rotating shaft 5 is passed through the axial hole 231. The rotating shaft structure is as shown in FIG. Figure 7 As shown, a through hole 51 is opened in the middle of the shaft 5, a guide sleeve 3 is inserted into the through hole 51, and a guide block 4, a spring 6, a dividing block 8, and a locking handle 9 are coaxially sleeved on the outside of the guide sleeve 3 in sequence, the spring 6 is located inside the cavity 25, and the dividing block 8 and the locking handle 9 are located outside the cavity 25. The structure of the dividing block is shown in FIG. Figure 8-9 As shown, the lower surface of the indexing block is arc-shaped, and the lower surface of the indexing block matches the arc surface of the scale plate. A pair of V-shaped teeth 81 are provided on the arc-shaped lower surface of the indexing block, and the V-shaped teeth 81 match the V-shaped grooves 28 on the scale plate; the structure of the guide sleeve 3 is as shown Figure 6As shown, the structure of the locking handle 9 is as follows Fig.10 As shown, an external thread 31 is provided on the upper part of the guide sleeve 3, and a through hole 33 is provided inside the guide sleeve 3 along the axial direction. An internal thread 92 and a through hole 91 are provided on the locking handle 9. The locking handle 9 is threadedly connected to the guide sleeve 3 through the internal thread 92 and the external thread 31. The through hole 91 of the locking handle is coaxially connected to the through hole 33 of the guide sleeve for the guide pin or drill to pass through. A retaining ring 32 is also provided at the lower end of the guide sleeve 3 to prevent the guide sleeve 3 from coming off the rotating shaft 5.

[0029] The angle adjustment principle of the guide sleeve is: loosen the locking handle 9, the spring 6 pushes the dividing block 8 outward, so that the V-shaped teeth of the dividing block are separated from the V-shaped groove of the dial. At this time, the guide sleeve 3 can drive the rotating shaft 5 to rotate together. When the guide sleeve is rotated to a suitable angle, screw in the locking handle. The locking handle presses the dividing block against the arc surface of the dial so that the V-shaped teeth are embedded in the V-shaped groove and locked, thereby determining the axial angle of the guide sleeve. The through hole of the guide sleeve is in an ideal position, and the through hole of the guide sleeve can be used to aim the drilling.

[0030] The following uses the dynamic hip screw internal fixation of proximal femoral fracture as an example to illustrate the use of the drilling aimer. Figure 11-12 As shown, the femur 10 has a fracture surface 101 at the femoral neck, and DHS internal fixation is required. First, cut the skin tissue to expose the femur, hold the handle 9 tightly, place the sight close to the upper end of the femur, make the arc bottom groove on the bottom of the dial close to the outer surface of the femur, and insert the positioning pin into the surface of the femur to fix the sight; then adjust the angle of the guide sleeve to a suitable position according to the fracture surface orientation shown in the X-ray film, and try to make the guide sleeve axial direction perpendicular to the fracture surface; then screw the guide needle along the guide sleeve, and then insert the drill bit along the guide needle to drill into the bone to a suitable depth; take out the drill bit, remove the sight, screw the dynamic hip screw 102 into the drill hole, remove the guide needle, and then put the upper sleeve of the dynamic hip steel plate 103 on the tail of the dynamic hip screw, and make the lower body of the steel plate 103 close to the femoral shaft, and fix the steel plate to the femoral shaft with a transverse screw.

Claims

1. A drilling sight for orthopedic surgery, characterized in that: The scale plate comprises a top surface, a bottom surface, a left side surface, a front side surface, a rear side surface and a quarter arc surface, the bottom surface and the left side surface are perpendicular to each other and connected by an arc chamfer, an axial hole is concentrically arranged at the chamfers of the front side surface and the rear side surface, a cavity is opened on the arc surface, the cavity is connected with the axial hole, the left side surface and the bottom surface, the cavity divides the arc surface into a front arc surface and a rear arc surface, and a plurality of V-shaped grooves are correspondingly arranged on the front arc surface and the rear arc surface; A rotating shaft is passed through the axial hole, a through hole is opened in the middle of the rotating shaft body, a guide sleeve is passed through the through hole, and a guide block, a spring, a dividing block, and a locking handle are coaxially sleeved in sequence outside the guide sleeve. The spring is located inside the cavity, and the dividing block and the locking handle are located outside the cavity. The lower surface of the dividing block is arc-shaped, and the lower surface of the dividing block matches the arc surface of the dial. A pair of V-shaped teeth are arranged on the arc-shaped lower surface of the dividing block, and the V-shaped teeth match the V-shaped grooves; an external thread is arranged on the upper part of the guide sleeve, and an internal thread and a through hole are arranged on the locking handle. The locking handle is connected to the guide sleeve through a thread, and the through hole of the locking handle is coaxially connected to the guide sleeve.

2. The drilling sight for orthopedic surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: An arc bottom groove is arranged on the bottom surface of the scale plate, and a plurality of positioning pins are arranged on both sides of the arc bottom groove.

3. The drilling sight for orthopedic surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: A gripping handle is fixedly connected to the top surface of the scale plate.

4. The drilling sight for orthopedic surgery according to claim 1, characterized in that: Angle scales are marked at the bottom of each V-shaped groove on the front side and the rear side.

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