A fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material and its preparation process

Abstract

The present invention provides a fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation process thereof. The composite material comprises multiple aluminum-containing metal layers and a fiber fabric layer between each two aluminum-containing metal layers; the multiple layers are at least two layers; the aluminum-containing metal in the aluminum-containing metal layer is fully annealed aluminum-containing metal; the thickness of the composite material is no greater than 2 mm; and the mesh area S of the fiber fabric is no less than five times the warp and weft cross-sectional area of ​​the fiber fabric. The preparation process comprises the following steps: S1. Preparing aluminum-containing metal coils and fiber fabric coils according to the required composite material width and thickness; S2. Clamping the prepared aluminum-containing metal coils and fiber fabric coils onto the unwinding drum of a composite rolling mill according to the designed number of layers and material sequence; S3. Rolling and laminating the multi-layer composite material on the composite rolling mill. The present invention uses fully annealed aluminum-containing metal as the raw material and utilizes a cold rolling process throughout the entire process, thus avoiding the negative effects of high temperatures on the fiber fabric.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of preparation of composite materials, and in particular to a fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material thin strip and a preparation process thereof. Background Art

[0002] Fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials have the advantages of excellent mechanical properties, high specific strength, high specific modulus, low thermal expansion coefficient, etc., and have great application potential in aerospace, aviation, automobile, mechanical electronics and other fields.

[0003] Fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials are mainly prepared by liquid phase method or powder metallurgy method, which has low production efficiency and it is difficult to produce thinner fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In response to the problems of low production efficiency and difficulty in preparing thin composite material strips in existing fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials, the present invention provides a fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material and a preparation process thereof. The composite material includes multiple aluminum-containing metal layers and a fiber fabric layer between each two aluminum-containing metal layers; the aluminum-containing metal is fully annealed aluminum-containing metal, and the overall thickness of the material is not more than 2 mm; the preparation process of the present invention is simple, efficient, low-cost, and can promote the industrial application of aluminum-based composite materials.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is a fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, comprising multiple aluminum-containing metal layers and fiber fabric layers between every two aluminum-containing metal layers; the aluminum-containing metal in the aluminum-containing metal layer is fully annealed aluminum-containing metal.

[0006] Furthermore, the thickness of the fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material is not greater than 2 mm; and the multi-layer is at least two layers.

[0007] Furthermore, the fiber fabric is a mesh fabric, and the area S of the mesh is not less than 5 times the cross-sectional area of ​​the warp and weft of the fiber fabric, that is, the area S of the fiber fabric mesh is ≥5s (s is the cross-sectional area of ​​the warp and weft of the fiber fabric).

[0008] Furthermore, the aluminum-containing metal of the aluminum-containing metal layer is pure aluminum or a commonly used industrial aluminum alloy. The commonly used industrial aluminum alloy components include: one or more of 1 series aluminum alloy, 5 series aluminum alloy, and 6 series aluminum alloy.

[0009] Furthermore, the fibers of the fiber fabric layer include one or more of carbon fibers and silicon carbide fibers, and the thickness of the fiber fabric is 0.1-0.4 mm.

[0010] The present invention also provides a preparation process of the fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0011] S1. Prepare aluminum-containing metal coils and fiber fabric coils according to the required composite material width and thickness;

[0012] S2. Clamping the prepared aluminum-containing metal coil and fiber fabric coil onto the uncoiling drum of the composite rolling mill according to the designed number of layers and material sequence;

[0013] S3, rolling and laminating, rolling and laminating the multi-layer composite material on a composite rolling mill.

[0014] Furthermore, the width of the above-mentioned fiber fabric coil is 8-10 mm smaller than the width of the aluminum-containing metal tape; the thickness of the single-layer aluminum-containing metal tape is ≥2T (T is the thickness of the fiber fabric coil).

[0015] The thickness of a single-layer aluminum-containing metal tape is determined according to the thickness of the final composite material and the pressing process. Generally, the thickness of a single-layer aluminum-containing metal tape is designed to be 0.6-2 times the thickness of the final composite material.

[0016] Furthermore, in the above step S3: the rolling and laminating is performed by using a dedicated multi-layer composite coil rolling mill for cold rolling and laminating, and the total reduction per pass is controlled at 40%-60%.

[0017] Furthermore, in the above step S3: before rolling and cladding, the step of grinding the surface of the aluminum-containing metal online is also included; and a one-step rolling process is selected.

[0018] Furthermore, in the above step S3: the rolling composite speed V 轧 ≤50m / min; unwinding speed of fiber fabric V 纤维 =V 轧 The unwinding speed of the aluminum metal strip is controlled according to the rolling tension (unit: kg), F = (0.15-0.35) Sσ 0.2 / 10(σ 0.2 is the yield strength of the aluminum-containing metal strip, and S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the aluminum-containing metal strip).

[0019] Furthermore, in the above step S2, the loading order is to ensure that each layer of fiber cloth has a layer of aluminum-containing metal on both sides. The composite material can contain one or more layers of fiber cloth, and the number of aluminum layers is the number of fiber cloth layers plus one layer.

[0020] The present invention is more advanced than the prior art in that:

[0021] (1) The product of the present invention is a multi-layer stacked structure of aluminum-containing metal layer + fiber fabric layer + aluminum-containing metal layer + fiber fabric layer + ... + aluminum-containing metal layer, which can realize cold rolling composite material of fiber-reinforced composite material. By utilizing the excellent plastic deformation ability of aluminum-containing metal after complete annealing, high-pressure welding of multiple layers of aluminum-containing metal is realized under the action of large deformation, and the carbon fiber fabric sandwiched between the aluminum-containing metals is forcibly embedded in the aluminum-containing metal matrix, thereby obtaining a high-strength fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material.

[0022] (2) The preparation process of the present invention avoids the high temperature environment during the traditional preparation process (the temperature during rolling does not exceed 150°C, which is much lower than the Inc temperature of Al3C4), reduces the degree of oxidation of the fiber fabric at high temperature, and can avoid the formation of the brittle phase Al4C3 at the interface between the aluminum-containing metal and the fiber at high temperature, thereby improving the comprehensive mechanical properties of the composite material.

[0023] (3) The preparation process of the present invention is a continuous rolling composite process, which can realize the continuous preparation of fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material thin strip rolls, thereby compensating for the technical difficulties of traditional processes in preparing fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material strip rolls. The process of the present invention has obvious advantages in preparing fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials with a thickness of ≤2mm.

[0024] (4) The present invention prepares fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials by a continuous rolling composite method. Compared with the traditional process, the present invention has the advantages of simple process, high production efficiency, and easy large-scale production, which greatly reduces the production cost of the fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite materials. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the preparation of single-layer fiber-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative efforts are generally within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1

[0028] A fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention comprises two pure aluminum layers and a carbon fiber cloth layer between the two pure aluminum layers; wherein the pure aluminum of the pure aluminum layer is fully annealed pure aluminum.

[0029] In this example, pure aluminum tape and carbon fiber cloth are used for compounding. The thickness of the carbon fiber cloth is 0.15mm and the mesh area is 4mm. 2(the mesh area is 13 times the cross-sectional area of ​​the warp and weft of the fiber cloth), the width is 300mm, and the thickness of the two pure aluminum coils is 0.5mm and the width is 310mm; the three coils are clamped on the rolling mill to ensure that the fiber cloth coil is sandwiched between the two aluminum coils; a multi-layer composite coil rolling mill is used for cold rolling and compounding, the rolling speed is 50m / min, and the rolling tension is 220kg; the rolling mill pressure is adjusted to ensure that the thickness of the coil after compounding is 0.5mm. After rolling and compounding, the coil is collected by the winder to obtain a rolled fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material thin strip coil.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] A fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention comprises two pure aluminum layers and a silicon carbide fiber cloth layer between the two pure aluminum layers; wherein the pure aluminum of the pure aluminum layer is fully annealed pure aluminum.

[0032] In this example, pure aluminum strip and silicon carbide fiber cloth are used for compounding. The thickness of silicon carbide fiber cloth is 0.2mm and the mesh area is 5mm. 2 (the mesh area is 12.5 times the cross-sectional area of ​​the warp and weft of the fiber cloth), the width is 200mm, and the thickness of the two pure aluminum coils is 1.5mm and the width is 210mm; the three coils are clamped on the rolling mill to ensure that the fiber cloth coil is sandwiched between the two aluminum coils; a multi-layer composite coil rolling mill is used for cold rolling and compounding, with a rolling speed of 40m / min and a rolling tension of 400kg; the rolling mill pressure is adjusted to ensure that the thickness of the coil after compounding is 1.5mm. After rolling and compounding, the coil is collected by a winder to obtain a rolled fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material thin strip coil.

[0033] Example 3

[0034] A fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material of the present invention comprises two 5052 aluminum alloy layers and a carbon fiber cloth layer between the two 5052 aluminum alloy layers; wherein the aluminum alloy of the aluminum alloy layer is a fully annealed aluminum alloy.

[0035] In this example, 5052 aluminum alloy strips and carbon fiber cloth are used for compounding. The thickness of the carbon fiber cloth is 0.15mm and the mesh area is 4mm. 2 (the mesh area is 13 times the cross-sectional area of ​​the warp and weft lines of the fiber cloth), the width is 200mm, and the two 5052 aluminum alloy coils are both 1mm thick and 210mm wide; the three coils are clamped on the rolling mill to ensure that the fiber cloth coil is sandwiched between the two aluminum coils; a multi-layer composite coil rolling mill is used for cold rolling and compounding, with a rolling speed of 40m / min and a rolling tension of 290kg; the rolling mill reduction is adjusted to ensure that the thickness of the coil after compounding is 1mm, and after rolling and compounding, the coil is collected by a winder to obtain a rolled fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material thin strip coil.

[0036] Comparative Example 1

[0037] In this comparative example, only 2 mm thick pure aluminum strip was selected. The operation and parameters of the rolling process were the same as those in Example 1. The strip was cold-rolled in one pass to a thickness of 1 mm.

[0038] Comparative Example 2

[0039] In this comparative example, only 2 mm thick 5052 aluminum alloy strips were selected. The operation and parameters of the rolling process were the same as those in Example 2, and the strips were cold rolled in one pass to a thickness of 1 mm.

[0040] The performance parameters of the composite materials obtained in Examples 1-5 of the present application are shown in Table 1.

[0041] Table 1 Mechanical properties of the materials obtained in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0042] Sample Tensile strength / MPa Yield strength / MPa Elongation / % Example 1 163 154 1.8 Example 2 258 241 2.3 Example 3 263 235 2.6 Comparative Example 1 141 137 3.1 Comparative Example 2 231 221 6.2

[0043] While various embodiments of the present invention have been described above, the foregoing description is intended to be illustrative, non-exhaustive, and not limiting of the disclosed embodiments. Numerous modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. Therefore, the scope of the present invention shall be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A process for preparing a fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1. Prepare aluminum-containing metal coils and fiber fabric coils according to the required composite material width and thickness; S2. Clamping the prepared aluminum-containing metal coil and fiber fabric coil onto the uncoiling drum of the composite rolling mill according to the designed number of layers and material sequence; S3, rolling and laminating, rolling and laminating the multi-layer composite material on a composite rolling mill; In the step S1: The width of the fiber fabric coil is 8-10 mm smaller than the width of the aluminum-containing metal coil; The thickness of a single layer of aluminum-containing metal tape shall not be less than twice the thickness of the fiber fabric; The thickness of a single layer of aluminum-containing metal tape is 0.6-2 times the thickness of the final composite material; The aluminum-containing metal strip is a 5052 aluminum alloy strip; In step S3, the rolling composite is performed by cold rolling composite using a multi-layer composite coil rolling mill, with the total reduction per pass controlled at 40%-60%; the speed of the rolling composite is V 轧 ≤50 m / min; unwinding speed of fiber fabric roll V 纤维 = (1~1.2) V 轧 ; Unwinding tension of aluminum metal coil in kg: F=(0.3~0.4)Sσ 0.2 / 10, where σ 0.2 is the yield strength of the aluminum-containing metal strip, S is the cross-sectional area of ​​the aluminum-containing metal strip; The obtained fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material comprises multiple aluminum-containing metal layers and a fiber fabric layer between each two aluminum-containing metal layers; the thickness of the obtained fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material is not greater than 2 mm; the multiple layers are at least two layers; the aluminum-containing metal in the aluminum-containing metal layer is a fully annealed aluminum-containing metal; The fiber fabric is a mesh fabric, and the area of ​​the mesh is not less than 5 times the cross-sectional area of ​​the warp and weft of the fiber fabric; The fibers of the fiber fabric layer include one or more of carbon fibers and silicon carbide fibers, and the thickness of the fiber fabric is 0.1-0.4 mm.

2. The process for preparing a fiber-reinforced aluminum-based composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step S3, before rolling and laminating, the surface of the aluminum-containing metal is also polished online; a one-step rolling process is adopted.

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