Torsional vibration device

Abstract

This invention discloses a torsional vibration device that converts the linear force of electromagnetic attraction into a rotational driving torque for a torsional shaft. Thus, the alternating electromagnetic attraction is transformed into alternating torque, achieving torsional vibration of the torsional shaft. Structurally, a torsional shaft carries several wing plates, with electromagnets arranged in the normal direction of the corresponding wing plate planes. The attraction direction of the electromagnets is parallel to this normal direction. Typically, a portion of the wing plate serves as the armature of the electromagnet. The electromagnets are connected to the wing plates via springs, ensuring an air gap δ is maintained. The required frequency and amplitude of torsional vibration are achieved by changing the magnitude of the current flowing through the coil after the structure is determined, regardless of the current direction. The electromagnetic attraction is generated by the attraction of the armature to the coil-wound iron core, featuring large force, simple structure, and easy control.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of testing technology, specifically to a torsional vibration loading device. Background Technology

[0002] Mechanical vibration is a common mechanical phenomenon, and its positive effects have a wide market in science, technology and industrial production. One application of torsional vibration devices is the loading of specimens for torsional fatigue testing.

[0003] Existing technologies for achieving torsional vibration include hydraulic servo technology and electric servo technology, but these all require significant energy consumption and are difficult to apply loads at high frequencies.

[0004] This invention provides a low-cost, simple, and highly efficient method and structure for achieving torsional vibration; it can accomplish tasks that typically require a large amount of energy with almost no energy input; and it is suitable for various applications involving high-frequency torsional vibration loads, including specimen torsional fatigue testing. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In order to solve the problems existing in the background art, the present invention aims to provide a torsional vibration device to solve the above-mentioned situation.

[0006] Technical solutions to the above technical problems:

[0007] A torsional vibration device includes: a frame, and a wing plate; a torsion shaft is disposed in the middle of the wing plate, the torsion shaft is nested inside the wing plate, the wing plate includes: a left wing plate and a right wing plate, a first electromagnet is disposed on the upper side of the left wing plate, the first electromagnet is elastically connected to the left wing plate, a first armature bar is disposed on the left wing plate, and when energized, an attractive force is generated between the first electromagnet and the first armature bar; a second electromagnet is disposed on the lower side of the right wing plate, the second electromagnet is elastically connected to the right wing plate, a second armature bar is disposed on the right wing plate, and when energized, an attractive force is generated between the second electromagnet and the second armature bar; bearings are disposed at both ends of the torsion shaft near the wing plate, and the frame is used to support the bearings;

[0008] The attraction forces of the first electromagnet and its corresponding armature are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.

[0009] The attraction forces of the second electromagnet and the armature corresponding to the second electromagnet are equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.

[0010] Furthermore, an additional moment of inertia, a load, and a torque sensor are sequentially arranged at one end of the torsion shaft; the additional moment of inertia is mounted on the torsion shaft, one end of the load is fastened to the torsion shaft, the other end of the load is fastened to one end of the torque sensor, and the other end of the torque sensor is fastened to the frame.

[0011] Furthermore, a preloading device is provided at the other end of the torsion shaft. One end of the preloading device is fixedly connected to the torsion shaft, and the other end of the preloading device is fixedly connected to the frame. The preloading device is used to apply a preload to the load. By adjusting the magnitude and direction of the preload, the load form applied to the load is changed, including alternating load and pulsating load.

[0012] Furthermore, the first electromagnet includes a left electromagnet core and a left electromagnet coil, wherein the left electromagnet coil is wound and mounted on the left electromagnet core.

[0013] Furthermore, the second electromagnet includes a right electromagnet core and a right electromagnet coil, wherein the right electromagnet coil is wound and mounted on the right electromagnet core.

[0014] Furthermore, the first electromagnet and the second electromagnet have the same structure and the same number of coil turns;

[0015] The first armature bar, the second armature bar, the right electromagnet core, and the left electromagnet core are all made of stacked silicon steel sheets. The stacking direction of the silicon steel sheets is the same as the stacking direction of the silicon steel sheets of the first armature bar and the second armature bar. The end face of the electromagnet is parallel to the magnetic attraction surface of the armature and an air gap δ is left.

[0016] Furthermore, both the left and right wing plates are provided with armature bar adapter slots, which are symmetrically distributed along the torsion axis. A first pressure plate is provided on the armature bar adapter slot of the left wing plate to fix the first armature bar in the armature bar adapter slot. A second pressure plate is provided in the armature bar adapter slot of the right wing plate to fix the second armature bar in the armature bar adapter slot.

[0017] Furthermore, a damper is provided at the end of the first or second electromagnet. The damper includes a frame and a damping block, which are fastened together. The surface of the damping block is in close contact with the surfaces of the right electromagnet core and the left electromagnet core, or the surface of the damping block is in close contact with the frame surface. The frame is fastened to the frame or the left and right electromagnet cores. When the damper is fastened to the frame or the left and right electromagnet cores, a force is applied to the electromagnet through the damping block, and the direction of the force is perpendicular to the magnetic attraction force.

[0018] Beneficial effects:

[0019] The beneficial effects of the above technical solution are as follows:

[0020] 1. Electromagnetic excitation, easy to control, strong electromagnetic attraction, and high frequency;

[0021] 2. The linear force of the electromagnet is converted into rotational torque to achieve rotational vibration motion, resulting in a simple structure.

[0022] 3. The direction of the current applied to the coil is not particularly important for different electromagnets, because the electromagnetic force generated will be attractive regardless of the direction of the current. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used in conjunction with embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a high-frequency electromagnetic torsional vibration device;

[0025] Figure 2 Basic structural composition diagram of a high-frequency electromagnetic torsional vibration device;

[0026] Figure 3 Basic structural diagram of the torsion shaft of a high-frequency electromagnetic torsional vibration device;

[0027] Figure 4 Damper structure diagram;

[0028] Figure 5 Diagram of another structural form of spring connection;

[0029] Figure 6 A diagram illustrating the transformation of rotational motion forms;

[0030] Figure 7 A diagram of an alternative structure for a damper.

[0031] Figure label:

[0032] In the diagram: 1. Left electromagnet core; 2. Left wing plate; 3. Left electromagnet coil; 4. Left electromagnet connecting spring; 5. Torsion shaft; 6. Bearing; 7. Load; 8. Torque sensor; 9. Frame; 10. Additional moment of inertia; 11. Right electromagnet core; 12. Right electromagnet coil; 13. Right electromagnet connecting spring; 14. Right wing plate; 15. Preloading device; 16. Damper; 21. First armature bar; 22. First pressure plate; 141. Second armature bar; 142. Second pressure plate. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The specific implementation of the present invention is described below with reference to embodiments:

[0034] It should be noted that the structures, proportions, sizes, etc. shown in this specification are only used to complement the content disclosed in the specification for those skilled in the art to understand and read, and are not intended to limit the conditions under which the present invention can be implemented. Any modifications to the structure, changes in the proportions, or adjustments to the size, without affecting the effects and objectives that the present invention can produce, should still fall within the scope of the technical content disclosed in the present invention.

[0035] Furthermore, the terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "middle," and "one" used in this specification are merely for clarity of description and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Any changes or adjustments to their relative relationships, without substantially altering the technical content, should also be considered within the scope of the invention.

[0036] Example 1:

[0037] A torsional vibration device utilizes controllable electromagnetic force to apply loads and achieve high-frequency torsional vibration. Its basic structure consists of a torsion shaft with two symmetrically mounted blades about its centerline. The force-bearing surfaces of the blades are generally parallel to the shaft centerline. An electromagnet is mounted in the normal direction of the blade's force-bearing surface, and the magnetic field lines of the electromagnet are theoretically parallel to the normal to the blade. The relationship between the electromagnet and the blade is that the blade acts as the armature of the electromagnet, and the coil and core assembly of the electromagnet are connected to the blade via a small stiffness elastic element. When current flows through the electromagnet's coil, a mutual attraction is generated between the electromagnet's core and the armature (blade), allowing for relative linear motion, theoretically parallel to the normal direction of the blade. Each of the two blades has one electromagnet mounted on it. The position, orientation, center of mass, and mass of the two electromagnets are symmetrical about the torsion shaft centerline. The mutual attraction between the cores and armatures (blades) of the two electromagnets is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction, and the resultant force's line of action is symmetrical about the axis. Alternatively, the positions of the two electromagnets can be asymmetrical about the axis, but the attraction between the two electromagnets, or due to this attraction, will generate a torque about the axis of torsion. When the torsion axis of the basic structure is supported by bearings, this torque can be used to overcome the load and perform work.

[0038] External loads can be various components capable of withstanding torque.

[0039] A preload device can be used to apply a preload to the load. By adjusting the magnitude and direction of this preload, the form of load applied to the load can be changed, including alternating loads and pulsating loads.

[0040] In a special case, the external load is an elastic or near-elastic element, which, together with the torsion shaft, flange, and additional rotational inertia, constitutes a single-degree-of-freedom torsional vibration system. When an electromagnet is used as the excitation source, and the excitation frequency is close to the natural frequency of the torsional system, the torsional system resonates, thus forming an electromagnetic resonant operating system. Operating in electromagnetic resonant mode saves energy input and produces a more ideal sinusoidal load waveform.

[0041] Example 2:

[0042] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 The torsion shaft 5 is supported at both ends by bearings 6 and can rotate freely around its axis. Each of the two wings of the torsion shaft has a wing plate 2 and a wing plate 14 fixed to it, with armatures 21 and 141 installed at their center. The armatures are made of stacked silicon steel sheets, with the stacking direction perpendicular to the plane of the wing plates. The plane 23, which forms and generates magnetic attraction after the armatures are stacked and installed, and the electromagnet plane, separated from the armatures by only an air gap, are parallel to the axis of the torsion shaft. The magnetic attraction planes 23 and 143 formed by the two wing plates are parallel, and the related structures are generally spatially symmetrical about the torsion axis. The two magnetic attraction surfaces generate attraction in opposite directions. Taking the left wing plate as an example, the structure of the wing plate consists of a frame fixed to the shaft, with the armature 21, made of stacked silicon steel sheets, installed at the center of the frame and secured to the frame by a pressure plate 22. The right wing plate 14 has the same structure. The torsion shaft 5 and wing plate are integrated as follows... Figure 3 a, armature structure as Figure 3 b, pressure plate as Figure 3 c.

[0043] To apply the preload, a preloading device 15 is provided, such as... Figure 3d. This is a component centered on a slender shaft. One end of a preloading device passes through the central hole of the torsion shaft and is fastened to the end of the torsion shaft. The other end is fastened to a rotary disk (or other shaped component) 151, which transmits torque to the rotary shaft under external torque. A configuration 152 is provided on the rotary disk, through which it can be fastened to the frame 9 using any component or action, or without relative movement to the frame 9. Of course, the preloading device can be any other type or form of device, as long as it can apply torque to the torsion shaft, and the torsional deformation is substantially linearly related to the torque, with low torsional stiffness, and the torque can be maintained after application. For example, a torsion spring, a type of helical spring, can be used. The end of the torsion spring is fixed to other components, and when the other components rotate about the center of the spring, the spring pulls them back to their initial position, generating torque or rotational force. Torsion springs can store and release energy. These springs are typically close-fitting; however, there is a pitch between the coils to reduce friction. They provide resistance to rotation or external rotational forces. The direction of rotation (clockwise or counterclockwise) of the torsion spring is designed according to application requirements, thus determining the spring's rotation direction. The coils can be tightly wound or loosely wound to withstand torsional loads (perpendicular to the spring axis). The end of the spring can be wound into a hook shape or a straight torsion arm.

[0044] Sensor 8 is used to detect the torque of torsion shaft 5. It is fastened to frame 9 with fasteners.

[0045] The load (test piece) 7 is the component that bears the torque transmitted from the torsion shaft 5. It is usually fastened to the torsion shaft at one end and to the sensor 8 at the other end. Often, the torsion shaft, preload shaft, load, and sensor are coaxially mounted.

[0046] Rack 9, Figure 2 , Figure 3 Not shown. It is the structure used to support the torsional vibration device, and can be any structural component or assembly that meets the requirements. It must support the bearing 6 to ensure its motion accuracy, must be able to secure the sensor 8, and must be able to secure the preload device 15.

[0047] The additional moment of inertia 10 is a component symmetrical about the axis of torsion. It is fastened to the torsion shaft 5, and its moment of inertia can be varied by its size, material density, and number of components.

[0048] The so-called electromagnet connecting springs 4 and 13 can be any type of linear elastic element. Their basic function is to support the electromagnet, forming an air gap δ between it and the armature. The key point is to minimize the stiffness. If it is a mechanical spring, its structure can be ring-shaped (as shown in the figure), butterfly-shaped, spiral, etc., or it can be a gas spring. The number and arrangement of springs should be based on simplicity, stability, and meeting the requirements of use.

[0049] A damper 16 is installed at the end of the electromagnet, such as... Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 The damper 16 is a component consisting of a frame 161, a damping block 162, and fasteners. The damping block 162 is fastened to the frame 161. The damping block is made of a wear-resistant material, and its surface is in close contact with the outer surface of the electromagnet core or the core fastener, or its surface is in close contact with the frame surface. The frame 161 is an elastic component. After the damper 16 is fastened to the frame 9 or the electromagnet core (1 or 11), it can apply a force to the electromagnet through the damping block. The direction of the force is perpendicular to the magnetic attraction, and the magnitude of the force is determined to ensure normal operation.

[0050] An electromagnet consists of an iron core, a coil, and a fixed frame. The left and right electromagnets have the same structure and number of coil turns. Similar to the armature, the iron core of the electromagnet is also made of stacked silicon steel sheets. The silicon steel sheets are stacked in the same direction as the silicon steel sheets in the armature. The end face of the electromagnet is parallel to the magnetic attraction surface of the armature, with an air gap δ.

[0051] As described above, after the structural components are assembled, when current is simultaneously applied to the electromagnets, an attractive force is generated between the electromagnet end faces and the armature, causing the electromagnets to move in a straight line at a speed of ±u. If the electromagnets remain in a fixed position relative to the frame 9, the torsion shaft will experience torque under the attraction force. Since the position of the electromagnets relative to the frame 9 remains essentially unchanged, this can be achieved when the load on the torsion shaft is appropriate, the current flowing through the electromagnet coil is alternating, and the frequency is sufficiently high. This achieves the purpose of the electromagnet driving the torsion shaft to output torsional vibration at a torsional angular velocity of ±ω. Because the magnitude and frequency of the alternating current can be easily controlled, the output vibration amplitude and frequency can also be easily controlled. Unlike other mechanical methods, the frequency of the current can be very high, thus enabling high-frequency torsional vibration.

[0052] Furthermore, when this torsional vibration system, consisting of an electromagnet, a torsion shaft, an additional moment of inertia, a load, and a preloading device, is energized by a continuously alternating current flowing through an electromagnetic coil, torsional resonance occurs when the frequency of the alternating current approaches the natural frequency of the vibration system. Torsional vibration operating in resonance mode consumes almost no external energy input, resulting in excellent energy-saving performance.

[0053] Furthermore, structurally, only one of the two electromagnets can be retained. However, if an electromagnet is removed, only its coil is eliminated, thus eliminating the need for current flow. The iron core does not necessarily have to be made of stacked silicon steel sheets. It is necessary to ensure that the moment of inertia is symmetrical about the torsional axis, and that the moments of inertia remain the same on both sides of the spring.

[0054] Furthermore, the airfoil doesn't necessarily have to be two; it can be multiple. Multiple airfoils have the same structure, evenly or unevenly distributed along the circumference, but symmetrical about the torsional axis. Multiple airfoils are beneficial for increasing output torque.

[0055] Multiple winglet structures can also be different, evenly or unevenly distributed along the circumference, but the forces acting on them are symmetrical about the torsional axis. While not optimal, asymmetrical structural forms can still function. This includes structures with only one winglet.

[0056] Regarding bearing 6, it can be any type of bearing, such as sliding bearing, rolling bearing, magnetic levitation bearing, air levitation bearing, hydrostatic bearing, elastic hinge support, etc.

[0057] when Figure 1 Load 7 in the text refers to a specimen that requires the application of load. In this case, the high-frequency electromagnetic torsional vibration device is a torsional vibration fatigue testing machine.

[0058] Regarding the connection structure of the electromagnet and the spring, besides Figure 2 In addition to the method shown, the connecting springs can also be placed at both ends of the electromagnet instead of on the side, such as... Figure 5 As shown. The structure of the damper does not necessarily have to be rectangular; it can also be a circular component.

[0059] when Figure 1 As shown, by converting specimen 7 into a connector and connecting it to specimen 18, force sensor 17, and shell 9 via hinge 19, a tensile-compressive loading structure is formed to complete high-frequency tensile-compressive loading on specimen 18. (See...) Figure 6 Similarly, any type of structural component can be used to convert the main motion into other forms of motion.

[0060] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

[0061] Many other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the concept and scope of this invention. It should be understood that this invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A torsional vibration device, comprising: The frame (9) is characterized in that it further includes: a wing plate; a torsion shaft (5) is provided in the middle of the wing plate, the torsion shaft (5) is nested in the wing plate, the wing plate includes: a left wing plate (2) and a right wing plate (14), a first electromagnet is provided on the upper side of the left wing plate (2), the first electromagnet is elastically connected to the left wing plate (2), a first armature bar (21) is provided on the left wing plate (2), and after being energized, an attraction is generated between the first electromagnet and the first armature bar (21), a second electromagnet is provided on the lower side of the right wing plate (14), the second electromagnet is elastically connected to the right wing plate (14), a second armature bar (141) is provided on the right wing plate (14), and after being energized, an attraction is generated between the second electromagnet and the second armature bar (141); bearings (6) are provided at both ends of the torsion shaft (5) near the wing plate, and the frame (9) is used to support the bearings (6).

2. The torsional vibration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, One end of the torsion shaft (5) is sequentially provided with an additional moment of inertia (10), a load (7) and a torque sensor (8); the additional moment of inertia (10) is mounted on the torsion shaft (5), one end of the load (7) is fastened to the torsion shaft (5), the other end of the load (7) is fastened to one end of the torque sensor (8), and the other end of the torque sensor (8) is fastened to the frame (9).

3. The torsional vibration device according to claim 2, characterized in that, A preloading device (15) is provided at the other end of the torsion shaft (5). One end of the preloading device (15) is fixedly connected to the torsion shaft (5), and the other end of the preloading device (15) is fixedly connected to the frame (9). The preloading device (15) is used to apply a preload to the load (7). By adjusting the size and direction of the preload, the load form of the load (7) is changed, including alternating load and pulsating load.

4. The torsional vibration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first electromagnet includes a left electromagnet core (1) and a left electromagnet coil (3), wherein the left electromagnet coil (3) is wound and mounted on the left electromagnet core (1).

5. A torsional vibration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second electromagnet includes a right electromagnet core (11) and a right electromagnet coil (12), wherein the right electromagnet coil (12) is wound and mounted on the right electromagnet core (11).

6. A torsional vibration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first electromagnet and the second electromagnet have the same structure and the same number of coil turns; The first armature bar (21), the second armature bar (141), the right electromagnet core (11) and the left electromagnet core (1) are all made of stacked silicon steel sheets. The stacking direction of the silicon steel sheets is the same as the stacking direction of the silicon steel sheets of the first armature bar (21) and the second armature bar (141). The end face of the electromagnet is parallel to the magnetic attraction surface of the armature and an air gap δ is left.

7. A torsional vibration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Both the left wing plate (2) and the right wing plate (14) are provided with armature row adapter slots. The armature row adapter slots are symmetrically distributed along the torsion axis (5). The left wing plate (2) is provided with a first pressure plate (22) in the armature row adapter slot, and the first armature row (21) is fixedly installed in the armature row adapter slot by the first pressure plate (22). The right wing plate (14) is provided with a second pressure plate (142) in the armature row adapter slot, and the second armature row (141) is fixedly installed in the armature row adapter slot by the second pressure plate (142).

8. A torsional vibration device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A damper (16) is provided at the end of the first electromagnet or the second electromagnet. The damper (16) includes a frame (161) and a damping block (162). The frame (161) and the damping block (162) are fastened together. The surface of the damping block (162) is in close contact with the surface of the right electromagnet core (11) and the left electromagnet core (1), or the surface of the damping block (162) is in close contact with the surface of the frame (9). The frame (161) is fastened to the frame (9) or the frame (161) is fastened to the left electromagnet core (1) and the right electromagnet core (11). When the damper (16) is fastened to the frame (9) or the damper (16) is fastened to the left electromagnet core (1) and the right electromagnet core (11), a force is applied to the electromagnet through the damping block (162). The direction of the force is perpendicular to the magnetic attraction force.

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