A solenoid valve structure optimization method based on equivalent magnetic resistance

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of electromagnetic valve structure optimization methods based on equivalent reluctance, it is related to electromagnetic valve optimization field.The application first carries out electromagnetic simulation to the electromagnetic valve needing structure optimization, obtains electromagnetic valve magnetic circuit;Equivalent reluctance model is obtained by dividing magnetic circuit;Equivalent reluctance of entire magnetic circuit is then obtained;The electromagnetic force suffered by electromagnetic valve is solved;Again, the dynamic characteristics of electromagnetic valve are analyzed, and the dynamic characteristics f t (X) of electromagnetic valve are solved, finally with the volume minimization of electromagnetic valve as optimization goal, structure parameter is optimization variable, in the feasible constraint range, optimization is carried out, and the structure parameter of optimized electromagnetic valve is obtained.The method can utilize existing products on the market to optimize, in the case where the corresponding performance of original product is unchanged, the structure volume is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of solenoid valve optimization, and more particularly to a method for optimizing the structure of a solenoid valve, specifically a method for optimizing the structure of a solenoid valve based on equivalent magnetic reluctance. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous advancement of microelectronics technology, the integration of digital units such as microprocessors and sensors with hydraulic control units has formed mechatronic products. This not only improves the control accuracy of the system but also enhances its intelligence. Solenoid valves, as a type of electromechanical conversion element, are devices that use an energized coil to generate an electromagnetic field, attracting ferromagnetic materials, converting electrical energy into magnetic energy, and then into mechanical energy. Due to their advantages such as simple operation, large thrust, and no pollution, they are now widely used in automatic control, pneumatic transmission, and hydraulic transmission, playing a crucial role in these applications.

[0003] However, in high-tech fields such as aerospace systems, automotive engine systems and fuel injectors, and aircraft landing gear, many solenoid valves cannot simultaneously meet the extreme requirements of miniaturization, high performance, and high efficiency in harsh environments and confined spaces. Therefore, there is an urgent need for miniaturized high-performance solenoid valves.

[0004] Current research on the miniaturization of solenoid valves mainly focuses on the following directions. For example, using piezoelectric crystals to design miniature solenoid valves offers fast response speeds and low driving voltages; however, the brittleness of piezoelectric materials and high energy consumption limit their production costs. Secondly, using supermagnetic materials to design miniature solenoid valves offers extremely fast response speeds, good frequency domain characteristics, wide bandwidth, and suitability for high-temperature environments; however, their cost is affected by the price of rare earth materials, and the protection and control measures for rare earth materials make large-scale production and application difficult. Additionally, different optimization algorithms are used to optimize the electromagnet, but these mainly target the dynamic characteristics of the solenoid valve, offering little optimization to the electromagnet structure, and remain at the laboratory prototype stage. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems in the prior art, this invention proposes a method for optimizing the structure of an electromagnetic valve based on equivalent magnetic reluctance.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0007] This invention provides a method for optimizing the structure of a solenoid valve based on equivalent magnetic reluctance, which includes the following steps:

[0008] 1) Perform electromagnetic simulation on the solenoid valve that requires structural optimization to obtain the magnetic circuit within the working range of the solenoid valve; divide the magnetic circuit according to the shape of the obtained magnetic circuit to obtain the equivalent magnetoresistive model.

[0009] 2) Calculate the equivalent reluctance of each reluctance in the equivalent reluctance model, calculate the equivalent reluctance of each reluctance loop, and obtain the equivalent reluctance R of the entire magnetic circuit based on the series and parallel relationships of each reluctance loop. m ; Calculate the electromagnetic force F acting on the solenoid valve. m and the resulting inductance;

[0010] 3) Analyze the dynamic characteristics of the solenoid valve and calculate its dynamic characteristic f. t (X), where X is the structural parameter of the solenoid valve;

[0011] 4) With minimizing the volume of the solenoid valve as the optimization objective and the structural parameters as optimization variables, optimization is carried out within feasible constraints to obtain the optimized solenoid valve structural parameters.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 1), the magnetic circuit is divided according to its shape to obtain an equivalent reluctance model. Specifically, based on the shape of the obtained magnetic circuit, the magnetic circuit is first divided into several reluctance loops, that is, each reluctance loop is connected in series and parallel to form an equivalent reluctance model. Then, each reluctance loop is divided into several reluctance loops connected in series. When dividing the magnetic circuit in step 1), considering that the magnetic flux generated in different reluctance loops has different effects, the magnetic circuit is divided into two reluctance loops based on whether or not a valve core electromagnetic force is generated. The magnetic flux of the reluctance loop that generates the valve core electromagnetic force is denoted as Φ0.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the expression for determining the electromagnetic force and inductance of the solenoid valve in step 2) is specifically as follows:

[0014] First, calculate the magnetomotive force U. m U m =IN, where N is the number of coil turns and I is the coil current value;

[0015] Then calculate the magnetic flux of the reluctance circuit that generates the electromagnetic force of the valve core, and denote it as Φ0;

[0016] Then, the electromagnetic force F acting on the solenoid valve is calculated. m And the resulting inductance L:

[0017]

[0018] In the formula, μ a S represents the permeability of the working air gap. a This indicates the effective area of ​​the working air gap.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, step 3) specifically comprises:

[0020] During operation, the valve core of the solenoid valve is subjected to not only electromagnetic force F mThe solenoid valve operates under the influence of multiple forces, including spring force; the differential equation for the opening motion of the solenoid valve is:

[0021]

[0022] The differential equation for the closing motion of the solenoid valve is:

[0023]

[0024] In the formula, m represents the valve core mass, x represents the valve core displacement, and k s F represents the spring constant, x0 represents the pre-compression of the spring, and F represents the spring force coefficient. t F represents other forces acting on the valve core. f This indicates the frictional force between the valve core and the valve body;

[0025] Electromagnetic force F m Related to structural parameters, the mathematical expression f of the dynamic characteristics of the solenoid valve is obtained based on the differential equation of motion of the solenoid valve. t (X), where X represents the structural parameters of the solenoid valve. The structural parameters of the solenoid valve include the length of the coil frame front end, the coil length, the thread length of the fastening cap, the thickness of the coil frame front end, the coil width, the thickness of the coil frame rear end, the thickness of the valve body end, and the radius of the fastening cap.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. This method utilizes the relationship between the structural parameters and equivalent magnetic reluctance of the solenoid valve to establish a corresponding optimization objective function, which provides a more direct approach to optimizing the structural parameters.

[0028] 2. This method utilizes equivalent magnetic reluctance to establish the corresponding dynamic characteristic expression, which is more effective in studying the influence of structural parameters on the dynamic response characteristics of solenoid valves.

[0029] 3. This method can optimize existing products on the market, greatly reducing their structural volume while ensuring that the corresponding performance of the original products remains unchanged. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the process for optimizing the structure of a solenoid valve;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a solenoid valve to be optimized, as exemplified in the embodiments.

[0032] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the magnetic circuit of a solenoid valve;

[0033] Figure 4 for Figure 2 Equivalent reluctance model of a solenoid valve;

[0034] Figure 5 Two electromagnetic valve reluctance calculation models are shown in the example.

[0035] Figure 6 A basic flowchart illustrating the optimization steps;

[0036] Figure 7 Solenoid valves before and after optimization;

[0037] Figure 8 Solenoid valve performance test results;

[0038] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A magnified view of the initial stage;

[0039] Figure 10 for Figure 8 A magnified view of the closing phase. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The present invention will be further described and illustrated below with reference to specific embodiments. The embodiments described are merely examples of the content of this disclosure and do not limit the scope of the invention. The technical features of each embodiment in the present invention can be combined accordingly, provided that there is no mutual conflict.

[0041] like Figure 1 The diagram shown is a basic flowchart of the present invention. The main steps of the electromagnetic valve structure method based on equivalent magnetic reluctance of the present invention are as follows:

[0042] 1) Perform electromagnetic simulation on the solenoid valve that requires structural optimization to obtain the magnetic circuit within the working range of the solenoid valve; divide the magnetic circuit according to the shape of the obtained magnetic circuit to obtain the equivalent magnetoresistive model.

[0043] 2) Calculate the equivalent reluctance of each reluctance in the equivalent reluctance model, calculate the equivalent reluctance of each reluctance loop, and obtain the equivalent reluctance R of the entire magnetic circuit based on the series and parallel relationships of each reluctance loop. m ; Calculate the electromagnetic force F acting on the solenoid valve. m and the resulting inductance;

[0044] 3) Analyze the dynamic characteristics of the solenoid valve and calculate its dynamic characteristic f. t (X), where X is the structural parameter of the solenoid valve;

[0045] 4) With minimizing the volume of the solenoid valve as the optimization objective and the structural parameters as optimization variables, optimization is carried out within feasible constraints to obtain the optimized solenoid valve structural parameters.

[0046] This invention primarily utilizes the relationship between the structural parameters and equivalent reluctance of a solenoid valve to establish a corresponding optimization objective function, providing a more direct approach to optimizing structural parameters. Furthermore, by establishing a corresponding dynamic characteristic expression through equivalent reluctance, it is possible to better study the influence of structural parameters on the dynamic response characteristics of the solenoid valve. This method can optimize existing products on the market, significantly reducing their structural volume while maintaining the original product's performance.

[0047] The following is Figures 2-4 Taking a specific solenoid valve as an example, the steps of this invention will be described in detail below:

[0048] Step 1: Perform electromagnetic simulation for the solenoid valve requiring structural optimization. First, use AutoCAD to draw the structural diagram of the solenoid valve, such as... Figure 2 The diagram shows the structure of the solenoid valve to be optimized. The image is imported into Maxwell software. The outer boundary of the solenoid valve model is defined as a balloon boundary to simulate an infinite solution region, effectively isolating charge or voltage sources outside the model. Then, Maxwell software is used to define the solenoid valve material, mesh it, and set the boundaries. The valve body and valve core fastening cap are selected in the model, and the material is set to DT4. The coil component is selected, and the material is set to copper. Then, the coil frame is selected, and the material is set to stainless steel. The magnetic circuit within the solenoid valve's working range is calculated using the software. Based on the shape of the obtained magnetic circuit, the magnetic reluctance is divided to obtain an equivalent magnetic reluctance model diagram, as shown below. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, where U m R represents magnetomotive force. i p R i s R c Let S represent magnetic reluctance, s represent the valve body, p represent the valve core, g represent the moving air gap, and c represent the coil. In this embodiment, when dividing the magnetic flux, considering the different effects of magnetic flux generated in different reluctance loops, the entire magnetic circuit is divided into two reluctance loops based on whether the reluctance loop generates electromagnetic force on the valve core. For example... Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, Φ1 represents the total magnetic flux generated by the solenoid valve, Φ2 represents the magnetic flux generated by the reluctance circuit that generates the electromagnetic force on the valve core, and Φ3 represents the magnetic flux generated by other reluctance circuits.

[0049] Step 2, mathematical model expression of equivalent magnetoresistance. First, the magnetomotive force U... m The calculation formula is:

[0050] U m =IN

[0051] In the formula, N is the number of turns in the coil, and I is the coil current. The magnetic reluctance R... * The basic formula is:

[0052]

[0053] In the formula, l represents the length of the magnetic flux path, μ represents the permeability of the material, and s represents the cross-sectional area of ​​the magnetic flux path. From Figure 4 The shape of the magnetic circuit can be used to divide magnetic reluctance into two calculation models, such as Figure 5 As shown. Based on Figure 2 The electromagnetic valve structure diagram can be used to derive the corresponding reluctance expression, with R4 as an example. s and R5 s For example, μ represents the magnetic permeability of the material, L1 is the front end length of the coil frame, L2 is the coil length, δ1 is the front end thickness of the coil frame, δ4 is the end thickness of the valve body, R1 is the radius of the fastening screw cap, and θ is the starting angle of the magnetic flux path.

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] The equivalent reluctance of each reluctance circuit can be expressed by connecting the equivalent reluctances of each circuit in series, where R... mi Let represent the equivalent reluctance of the i-th magnetic circuit. Then, based on the series and parallel connections of each reluctance loop, the equivalent reluctance R of the entire magnetic circuit can be obtained. m .

[0057]

[0058]

[0059] R m3 =R c

[0060]

[0061] Furthermore, the magnetic flux of each reluctance circuit is obtained as follows:

[0062]

[0063]

[0064]

[0065] Furthermore, the expressions for the electromagnetic force and inductance acting on the solenoid valve can be derived, where μ... a S represents the permeability of the working air gap. a Indicates the effective area of ​​the working air gap:

[0066]

[0067] Step 3: Dynamic characteristic analysis and optimization model establishment of the solenoid valve. During operation, the solenoid valve spool is subjected not only to electromagnetic force F... m The solenoid valve operates under the influence of multiple forces, including hydraulic pressure, pneumatic pressure, and spring force. Therefore, the differential equation for the opening motion of the solenoid valve is:

[0068]

[0069] The differential equation for the closing motion of the solenoid valve is:

[0070]

[0071] In the formula, m represents the valve core mass, x represents the valve core displacement, and k s F represents the spring constant, x0 represents the pre-compression of the spring, and F represents the spring force coefficient. t F represents other forces acting on the valve core. f This represents the frictional force between the valve core and the valve body. Electromagnetic force F m Related to structural parameters, the mathematical expression f of the dynamic characteristics of the solenoid valve can be obtained from the differential equation of motion of the solenoid valve. t (X), where X is the structural parameter of the solenoid valve:

[0072] X={L1, L2, L3, δ1, δ2, δ3, δ4, R1}

[0073] The parameters include L1 (length of the front end of the coil frame), L2 (length of the coil), L3 (thread length of the fastening cap), δ1 (thickness of the front end of the coil frame), δ2 (width of the coil), δ3 (thickness of the rear end of the coil frame), δ4 (thickness of the valve body end), and R1 (radius of the fastening cap).

[0074] Step 4, Solenoid Valve Structural Volume Optimization. The volume of the solenoid valve is the optimization objective, and structural parameters are the optimization variables. The optimization is performed within feasible variable constraints, where the constraint condition is f. t (X)∈(f t (X) min f t (X) max ), X∈(X min X max ), where f t (X) min , f t (X) max These represent the lower and upper limits of the allowable dynamic characteristics of the solenoid valve during the optimization process, respectively; X min , X max These represent the lower and upper limits allowed for each structural parameter during the optimization process. The Genetic Algorithm Toolbox in Matlab is used to call the Genetic Optimization (GA) algorithm for optimization. The basic optimization process is as follows: Figure 6As shown, other corresponding optimization algorithms can also be used for optimization.

[0075] Step 5: Solenoid Valve Structure Optimization and Verification. Based on the structural parameters obtained in Step 4, manufacture a sample and test its performance. Experimentally verify the optimized solenoid valve structure. For example... Figures 7-10 As shown, the volume is reduced by 20%, and the dynamic performance is not much different from the original valve. Therefore, the present invention can optimize existing products on the market and greatly reduce its structural volume while ensuring that the corresponding performance of the original product remains unchanged.

[0076] It should be noted that when setting constraints, if the dynamic characteristics of the optimized solenoid valve are required to be exactly the same as those before optimization, then f t (X) min =f t (X) max Both should reflect the dynamic characteristics of the solenoid valve before optimization. When the optimized solenoid valve dynamic characteristics are allowed to fluctuate to a certain extent compared to before optimization, then f should be set according to the allowable amplitude. t (X) min , and f t (X) max .

[0077] The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the structure of a magnetic equivalent reluctance based solenoid valve, characterized by, Comprising the following steps: 1) electromagnetic simulation is performed on the electromagnetic valve in need of structure optimization to obtain a magnetic circuit in a working range of the electromagnetic valve; according to a shape of the obtained magnetic circuit, the magnetic circuit is first divided into a plurality of reluctance loops, i.e. each reluctance loop is composed of an equivalent reluctance model through series and parallel connection, and then each reluctance loop is divided into a plurality of series-connected reluctances to obtain the equivalent reluctance model; when the magnetic circuit is divided, different effects of magnetic flux generated in different reluctance loops are considered, and therefore the magnetic circuit is divided into two reluctance loops according to whether electromagnetic force of a valve core is generated or not, and the magnetic flux of the reluctance loop generating the electromagnetic force of the valve core is denoted as Φ 0 ; 2) calculate the equivalent magnetic resistance of each magnetic resistance in the equivalent magnetic resistance model, calculate the equivalent magnetic resistance of each magnetic resistance circuit, and obtain the equivalent magnetic resistance of the entire magnetic circuit according to the series-parallel connection relationship of each magnetic resistance circuit R m ; the electromagnetic force borne by the electromagnetic valve is obtained F m and the inductance generated; 3) analyze the dynamic characteristics of the electromagnetic valve, and obtain the dynamic characteristics of the electromagnetic valve f t (X) wherein X is a structural parameter of the electromagnetic valve; 4) With the volume of the solenoid as the optimization objective, the structural parameters as the optimization variables, optimization is carried out within the feasible constraint range to obtain the optimized structural parameters of the solenoid.

2. The method of equivalent reluctance based solenoid structure optimization according to claim 1, wherein, The electromagnetic simulation in step 1) is specifically: Draw the structural diagram of the solenoid by using AutoCAD; import the structural diagram into Maxwell software, define the outer boundary of the solenoid model as a balloon boundary, complete the material definition, mesh division and boundary setting of the solenoid by using Maxwell software, and obtain the magnetic circuit of the solenoid in the working range by software calculation.

3. The equivalent magnetic resistance-based solenoid structure optimization method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The equivalent magnetic resistance of each magnetic resistance is obtained by integration according to the shape and magnetic permeability coefficient of the material after division; The equivalent magnetic resistance of each magnetic resistance circuit is obtained by series connection of the equivalent magnetic resistances on the magnetic resistance circuit; then, the equivalent magnetic resistance of the whole magnetic circuit is obtained according to the series-parallel connection relationship of each magnetic resistance circuit.

4. The method of equivalent reluctance based solenoid structure optimization of claim 1, wherein, The expression of the electromagnetic force borne by the solenoid and the inductance generated in step 2) is specifically: First, the magnetomotive force is calculated U m , , N is the number of turns of the coil, I is the coil current value; The magnetic flux of the reluctance loop that generates the electromagnetic force of the spool is then calculated, denoted as Φ 0 ; Then, the electromagnetic force applied to the electromagnetic valve is calculated F m : ； wherein µ a μ0represents the permeability of free space, S a Aeffrepresents the effective area of the working air gap.

5. The Reluctance-Based Solenoid Structure Optimization Method of claim 1, wherein, Step 3) is specifically: The electromagnetic valve spool is not only subjected to electromagnetic force F m in work, but also subjected to multi-field force including spring force; the electromagnetic valve opening motion differential equation is: ； The differential equation of the closing motion of the solenoid is: ； wherein m represents the mass of the valve core, x represents the displacement of the valve core, k s represents the spring constant, x 0 represents the pre-compression of the spring, F t represents other forces acting on the valve core, F f represents the friction between the valve core and the valve body; Electromagnetic force F m The mathematical formula of the dynamic characteristics of the electromagnetic valve is obtained according to the differential equation of the electromagnetic valve movement in relation to the structural parameters f t (X) wherein X is the structural parameter of the electromagnetic valve.

6. The method of equivalent reluctance based solenoid structure optimization according to claim 5, wherein, The structural parameters of the solenoid include the length of the front end of the coil skeleton, the length of the coil, the length of the thread of the fastening screw cap, the thickness of the front end of the coil skeleton, the width of the coil, the thickness of the rear end of the coil skeleton, the thickness of the end of the valve body, and the radius of the fastening screw cap.

7. The Reluctance-Based Solenoid Structure Optimization Method of claim 1, wherein The feasible constraint range in the step 4) is f t (X)∈ ( f t (X) min , f t (X) max ), X∈ ( X min , X max ), wherein, f t (X) min ,、f t (X) max respectively the lower and upper limit values of the solenoid dynamic characteristics allowed in the optimization process; X min ,、X max respectively the lower and upper limit values of the structural parameters allowed in the optimization process.

8. The Reluctance-Based Solenoid Structure Optimization Method of claim 1, wherein, The optimization process in step 4) is carried out by using a genetic optimization algorithm GA.

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