A high and low temperature coupled in-situ tensile instrument combined with small angle neutron scattering

Abstract

The application discloses a high and low temperature environment coupled in-situ tensile instrument combined with small angle neutron scattering, relates to the technical field of neutron scattering auxiliary equipment, and comprises an in-situ tensile instrument main body and a temperature control environment box, wherein the temperature control environment box is arranged in the in-situ tensile instrument; the in-situ tensile instrument main body comprises upper and lower tensile devices, the upper tensile device is provided with an upper clamp, and the lower tensile device is provided with a lower clamp; front and rear neutron beam windows are arranged on the front and rear sides of the temperature control environment box, respectively; the temperature control environment box is provided with a temperature control box main body, the temperature control box main body is provided with a heating device and a cooling device, the upper tensile device can pass through the upper side of the temperature control environment box and the temperature control box main body, and the lower tensile device can pass through the lower side of the temperature control environment box and the temperature control box main body. The in-situ tensile instrument is loaded on the sample in two directions by utilizing the upper and lower tensile devices, the temperature control environment box provides a high or low temperature environment for the sample, and force and heat coupling combined use with a small angle neutron scattering spectrometer is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of neutron scattering auxiliary equipment technology, and in particular to an in-situ stretching apparatus for coupling high and low temperature environments with small-angle neutron scattering. Background Technology

[0002] The mechanical properties and service reliability of materials are closely related to their internal microstructure. Furthermore, the service life of most structural materials is always under the coupled influence of external fields such as temperature and stress. For example, aerospace rubber tires are constantly subjected to the coupled effects of high and low temperatures and alternating stresses during use, while alloy materials such as automotive wheel hubs are also subjected to complex stresses and varying temperatures. Therefore, in-situ research on the microstructural evolution dynamics of materials under the coupled effects of temperature and stress is helpful for the preparation of high-performance and stable-service materials.

[0003] Currently, there are some in-situ tensile testing methods, such as scanning electron microscopy-in-situ tensile testing and transmission electron microscopy-in-situ tensile testing. However, these in-situ tensile testing methods can only be used to detect a very small part of the sample. At the same time, the sample preparation required for these tests is difficult, it is difficult to couple the force field with the temperature field, and it is also impossible to obtain statistical results on the microstructure of the sample.

[0004] Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is an effective tool for observing the microstructure of materials ranging from 1 to 100 nm. Thanks to the strong penetrating power of neutrons, SANS can be used to conduct in-situ experiments under various sample conditions, studying the microstructure and evolution dynamics of materials in different environments. Compared to the aforementioned in-situ stretching combined testing method, SANS-stretching has the advantage of detecting large sample volumes and providing statistically significant test results.

[0005] Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) spectrometers are designed for users who study materials including, but not limited to, hydrogels, polymers, and alloys. The temperature range covered is from low to high (-70 to 350°C). However, most SANS spectrometers have very limited sample chamber space, which cannot accommodate existing large-volume in-situ stretching equipment.

[0006] Therefore, it can be seen that in the existing technology, the in-situ stretching device in the small-angle neutron scattering spectrometer cannot provide different temperature environmental conditions, thus limiting the scope of research.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need in the market for an in-situ stretching instrument that couples with small-angle neutron scattering to create a high-low temperature environment, in order to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide an in-situ stretching apparatus for coupling high and low temperature environments with small-angle neutron scattering, which solves the technical problems existing in the prior art. It has a small overall size, can be applied to the sample stage of a small-angle neutron scattering apparatus, and can provide a variable temperature environment for the sample. The temperature control chamber can be adjusted to the corresponding temperature according to the experimental needs.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution:

[0010] This invention discloses an in-situ stretching apparatus for coupling high and low temperature environments with small-angle neutron scattering, comprising an in-situ stretching apparatus body and a temperature-controlled environment chamber, wherein the temperature-controlled environment chamber is disposed inside the in-situ stretching apparatus;

[0011] The main body of the in-situ tensile apparatus includes an upper tensile device and a lower tensile device. The upper tensile device is provided with an upper clamp, and the lower tensile device is provided with a lower clamp.

[0012] The temperature-controlled environment chamber has a front neutron beam window and a rear neutron beam window on its front and rear sides, respectively, which are arranged opposite to each other. The temperature-controlled environment chamber contains a main body, which contains a heating device and a cooling device. The upper stretching device can pass through the upper side of the temperature-controlled environment chamber and the main body, and the lower stretching device can pass through the lower side of the temperature-controlled environment chamber and the main body.

[0013] Preferably, the upper end of the main body of the in-situ tensile tester is provided with a tensile control motor, the output shaft of the tensile control motor is connected to two lead screws, the tensile control motor can drive the two lead screws to rotate synchronously, the lead screws are provided with a double thread structure with opposite directions of rotation, and the two lead screws are located on both sides of the upper tensile device and the lower tensile device;

[0014] The upper tensioning device includes an upper tensioning crossbeam, with an upper nut seat fixed at each end of the upper tensioning crossbeam, and the two upper nut seats are respectively threadedly connected to the two lead screws.

[0015] The lower tensioning device includes a lower tensioning crossbeam, and a lower nut seat is fixed at each end of the lower tensioning crossbeam. The two lower nut seats are respectively threaded to the two lead screws.

[0016] The in-situ tensile tester is equipped with a tensile controller, and the tensile control motor is electrically connected to the tensile controller.

[0017] The upper tension beam is fixedly connected to the upper clamp via an upper extension rod;

[0018] The lower tension beam is fixedly connected to the lower clamp via a lower extension rod;

[0019] A force sensor is provided between the upper tension beam and the upper extension rod, and the force sensor is electrically connected to the tension controller.

[0020] Preferably, a cooling water pipe through hole is provided on the side wall of the upper extension rod, and a cooling pipe passes through the cooling water pipe through hole.

[0021] Preferably, the main body of the in-situ tensile tester is provided with a limiting rod, and the limiting rod is provided with an upper limiting block and a lower limiting block. The upper limiting block is located above the lower tensile crossbeam, and the lower limiting block is located below the lower tensile crossbeam.

[0022] Preferably, the heating device is a heating tube, and there are two heating tubes, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the interior of the temperature control box body;

[0023] A temperature sensor is fixed inside the main body of the temperature control box, and both the heating tube and the temperature sensor are electrically connected to the temperature controller.

[0024] Preferably, the cooling device is a liquid nitrogen input pipe, the first end of which is connected to a liquid nitrogen source, and the second end of which is connected to the interior of the temperature control chamber.

[0025] Preferably, a circular air knife is provided at both the front neutron beam window and the rear neutron beam window, and the circular air knife is connected to a fan through a duct.

[0026] Preferably, the front neutron beam window and the rear neutron beam window are made of quartz or sapphire sheets.

[0027] The temperature-controlled environment chamber is provided with a front mounting hole and a rear mounting hole. The front neutron beam window is installed in the front mounting hole, and the rear neutron beam window is installed in the rear mounting hole. The connection between the front neutron beam window and the front mounting hole is coated with neutron absorbing material, and the connection between the rear neutron beam window and the rear mounting hole is coated with neutron absorbing material.

[0028] Preferably, the lower end of the in-situ tensile tester body is fixed with a support base, and the lower end of the temperature-controlled environmental chamber can be detachably connected to the support base by a number of positioning bolts.

[0029] Preferably, it also includes a laser collimator, which includes a laser emitter and a laser receiver. The laser generator is disposed on the side of the front neutron beam window away from the rear neutron beam window, and the laser receiver is disposed on the side of the rear neutron beam window away from the front neutron beam window.

[0030] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art:

[0031] This invention utilizes heating and cooling devices to provide different temperature environments for the sample to be tested, and uses upper and lower stretching devices to apply bidirectional loading to the sample, thereby enabling experiments to be conducted on the sample under different environmental conditions. It can achieve the combined use of small-angle neutron scattering with synchronous temperature variation and in-situ strain measurement. Attached Figure Description

[0032] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0033] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the in-situ tensile apparatus for coupled high and low temperature environments using small-angle neutron scattering in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the temperature-controlled environment chamber in the in-situ tensile apparatus for coupled high and low temperature environments using small-angle neutron scattering in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0035] In the diagram: 1-Tension controller, 2-Tension control motor, 3-Upper tension beam, 4-Lower tension beam, 5-Force sensor, 6-Cooling pipe, 7-Temperature control chamber, 8-Upper clamp, 9-Lower clamp, 10-Extension plate, 11-Upper limit block, 12-Lower limit block, 13-Positioning bolt, 14-Support base, 15-Front neutron beam window, 16-Rear neutron beam window, 17-Temperature control chamber body, 18-Heating pipe, 19-Liquid nitrogen input pipe, 20-Chamber door, 21-Temperature sensor, 22-Exhaust pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0037] The purpose of this invention is to provide an in-situ stretching apparatus for coupling high and low temperature environments with small-angle neutron scattering, which solves the technical problems existing in the prior art. It has a small overall size, can be applied to the sample stage of a small-angle neutron scattering apparatus, and can provide a variable temperature environment for the sample. The temperature control chamber can be adjusted to the corresponding temperature according to the experimental needs.

[0038] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] like Figures 1-2 As shown, this embodiment provides an in-situ stretching apparatus for coupling high and low temperature environments with small-angle neutron scattering, including an in-situ stretching apparatus body and a temperature-controlled environment chamber 7, with the temperature-controlled environment chamber 7 disposed inside the in-situ stretching apparatus.

[0041] The main body of the in-situ tensile apparatus includes an upper tensile device and a lower tensile device. The upper tensile device is equipped with an upper clamp 8, and the lower tensile device is equipped with a lower clamp 9. The upper clamp 8 and the lower clamp 9 can both adopt existing mechanical gripper structures. Of course, pneumatic grippers or other types of grippers can also be used, as long as they can hold the sample. The upper clamp 8 and the lower clamp 9 are located at the upper and lower ends of the temperature-controlled environmental chamber 7, respectively.

[0042] The temperature-controlled environment chamber 7 has a front neutron beam window 15 and a rear neutron beam window 16 on its front and rear sides, respectively. The chamber 7 has a door 20, with the side containing the door 20 as the front. The front neutron beam window 15 is located on the door 20, and the rear neutron beam window 16 is located on the opposite side of the door 20, i.e., at the rear of the temperature-controlled environment chamber 7. The front and rear neutron beam windows 15 and 16 are arranged opposite each other. Inside the temperature-controlled environment chamber 7 is a temperature-controlled chamber body 17, which contains a heating device and a cooling device. The heating device can heat the temperature control chamber body 17, and the cooling device can cool the temperature control environment chamber 7, so that the temperature inside the temperature control environment chamber 7 can be adjusted as needed, and the temperature adjustment range is -70 to 350℃. The upper tensioning device can pass through the upper side of the temperature control environment chamber 7 and the temperature control chamber body 17, and the lower tensioning device can pass through the lower side of the temperature control environment chamber 7 and the temperature control chamber body 17, so that the sample to be tested can be clamped in the temperature control chamber body 17.

[0043] In practical use, the main body of the in-situ tensile apparatus must first be suspended on the sample stage of the small-angle neutron scatterer. The main body of the in-situ tensile apparatus must be collimated and adjusted so that the neutron beam, after passing through the center of the front neutron beam window 15, irradiates the center of the sample, and the scattered neutrons exit from the rear neutron beam window 16, enter the scattering cavity of the small-angle neutron scatterer, and finally reach the two-dimensional detector. During this process, the tensile force exerted on the test sample by the upper and lower tensile devices, as well as the temperature inside the temperature control chamber 17, can be adjusted as needed to meet experimental requirements.

[0044] In this embodiment, the in-situ tensile tester is mainly used in conjunction with a small-angle neutron scattering spectrometer to achieve the combined use of small-angle neutron scattering, synchronous temperature variation, and in-situ strain measurement.

[0045] In this embodiment, a tension control motor 2 is provided at the upper end of the main body of the in-situ tensioning instrument. The output shaft of the tension control motor 2 is connected to two lead screws, and the tension control motor 2 can drive the two lead screws to rotate synchronously. For its specific structure, it is only necessary to fix a transmission gear at the end of each of the two lead screws, and then connect the two lead screws by meshing with a transmission chain. Then, the output shaft of the tension control motor 2 is connected to the end of one of the lead screws via a coupling. The lead screw has a double-threaded structure with opposite directions of rotation, which can be understood as... Figure 1 For example, at this time, the upper tension beam 3 and the lower tension beam 4 are at their farthest limit positions. At this time, a limit block can be set at the upper end of the upper tension beam 3 to prevent the upper tension beam 3 from moving further upward. At this time, the screw part between the upper tension beam 3 and the lower tension beam 4 is divided into two parts. The screw of the upper part and the screw of the lower part have opposite spiral directions. The two screws are located on both sides of the upper tension device and the lower tension device.

[0046] The upper tensioning device includes an upper tensioning crossbeam 3. The lower end of the upper tensioning crossbeam 3 is used to fix the upper clamp 8. An upper nut seat is fixed at each end of the upper tensioning crossbeam 3. The two upper nut seats are threadedly connected to two lead screws to form a lead screw and nut pair structure.

[0047] Similarly, the lower tensioning device includes a lower tensioning crossbeam 4, a lower clamp 9 is fixed at the upper end of the lower tensioning crossbeam 4, and a lower nut seat is fixed at each end of the lower tensioning crossbeam 4. The two lower nut seats are respectively threaded to two lead screws to form a lead screw and nut pair structure.

[0048] The in-situ tensile tester is equipped with a tensile controller 1, and a tensile control motor 2 is electrically connected to the tensile controller 1. The operation of the tensile control motor 2 can be controlled by the tensile controller 1.

[0049] In use, the lead screw is driven to rotate by the tension control motor 2. Since the lead screw is threadedly connected to the upper nut seat and the lower nut seat respectively, the upper clamp 8 and the lower clamp 9 can be driven to move relative to each other along the axis of the lead screw.

[0050] Alternatively, two tension control motors 2 can be set up. The output shaft of each tension control motor 2 can be connected to a lead screw through a coupling. Both tension control motors 2 are electrically connected to the tension controller 1, thereby achieving the technical effect of synchronous rotation of the two lead screws.

[0051] The upper tension beam 3 is fixedly connected to the upper clamp 8 via the upper extension rod. The purpose of setting the upper extension rod is that the upper clamp 8 is small in size, and there may be a technical effect that the upper clamp 8 cannot pass through the upper side of the temperature control environment box 7 and the temperature control box body 17 and slide to connect with them. The upper extension rod can achieve this technical effect.

[0052] Similarly, the lower tension beam 4 is fixedly connected to the lower clamp 9 via the lower extension rod, thereby increasing the overall length of the lower clamp 9;

[0053] A force sensor 5 is provided between the upper tension beam 3 and the upper extension rod. The force sensor 5 is electrically connected to the tension controller 1. The force sensor 5 can sense the tension force on the upper clamp 8 or the lower clamp 9, thereby determining the magnitude of the tensile force on the sample to be tested.

[0054] In this embodiment, the side wall of the upper extension rod is provided with cooling water pipe through holes. Specifically, the side wall of the cooling pipe 6 is provided with two cooling water pipe through holes, which are arranged opposite to each other and concentrically. A cooling pipe 6 passes through the cooling water pipe through holes, that is, the cooling pipe 6 passes through both cooling water pipe through holes simultaneously. One end of the cooling pipe 6 is connected to a cold water source, and the other end is connected to a collection container. The cooling pipe 6 is provided with a switch valve. After the switch valve is opened, the cooling pipe 6 will supply cooling water to the cooling pipe 6, and the cooling pipe 6 will be cooled by heat transfer. The purpose of setting the cooling pipe 6 is to prevent heat energy from directly reaching the force sensor 5 through the upper clamp 8 and the upper extension rod during the heating process of the heating device. This could easily lead to problems such as damage to the force sensor 5 or deterioration of measurement accuracy. Therefore, setting a cooling pipe 6 can play a role in heat insulation.

[0055] In this embodiment, the in-situ tensioning apparatus is equipped with a limiting rod, which is parallel to the lead screw and located on one side of the lower tensioning beam 4. The limiting rod has an upper limiting block 11 and a lower limiting block 12. The upper limiting block 11 is located above the lower tensioning beam 4, and the lower limiting block 12 is located below the lower tensioning beam 4. Figure 1As shown, an extension plate 10 is provided on the left side of the lower tension beam 4. The extension plate 10 can abut against the upper limit block 11 and the lower limit block 12 respectively. When the lower tension beam 4 moves to its uppermost position, the extension plate 10 will contact and abut against the upper limit block 11; when the lower tension beam 4 moves to its lowermost position, the extension plate 10 will contact and abut against the lower limit block 12. The upper limit block 11 and the lower limit block 12 can be used to limit the lower tension beam 4. When the extension plate 10 on the lower tension beam 4 contacts the upper limit block 11 or the lower limit block 12, the sensing value of the force sensor 5 will change significantly. At this time, the upper tension beam 3 and the lower tension beam 4 are at their limit positions. The force sensor 5 converts the sensing signal into an electrical signal and transmits it to the tension controller 1. Then, the tension controller 1 controls the tension control motor 2 to stop, thereby preventing the upper tension beam 3 and the lower tension beam 4 from moving further.

[0056] In this embodiment, the heating device is a heating tube 18. The heating tube 18 can be a common electric heating tube 18 on the market. There are two heating tubes 18, and the two heating tubes 18 are respectively arranged on both sides of the inside of the temperature control box body 17.

[0057] A temperature sensor 21 is fixed inside the main body 17 of the temperature control chamber. Both the heating tube 18 and the temperature sensor 21 are electrically connected to the temperature controller. The temperature controller can control the start of the heating tube 18, and the temperature sensor 21 can transmit the sensed temperature data to the temperature controller, so that the temperature inside the main body 17 of the temperature control chamber can be monitored in real time.

[0058] In this embodiment, the cooling device is a liquid nitrogen input pipe 19. The first end of the liquid nitrogen input pipe 19 is connected to a liquid nitrogen source, and the second end is connected to the interior of the temperature control chamber body 17. A delivery pump and a solenoid valve are also connected to the liquid nitrogen input pipe 19 to provide delivery power. The delivery pump and solenoid valve can also be electrically connected to a temperature controller. When cooling is required, the temperature controller can control the delivery pump and open the solenoid valve to deliver liquid nitrogen into the temperature control chamber body 17. The flow rate of liquid nitrogen is controlled by opening the solenoid valve to achieve the cooling effect. Furthermore, the upper end of the temperature control chamber 7 is equipped with a vent pipe 22. When using liquid nitrogen at low temperatures, the liquid nitrogen will vaporize into nitrogen gas, and a large amount of nitrogen gas will be discharged from the temperature control chamber 7 through the vent pipe 22 to maintain stable gas pressure in the temperature control chamber 7.

[0059] In this embodiment, a circular air knife is provided at both the front neutron beam window 15 and the rear neutron beam window 16, and each circular air knife is connected to a fan via an air duct. When liquid nitrogen is filled into the temperature control chamber body 17, frost or fog may form at the front neutron beam window 15 and the rear neutron beam window 16. The circular air knife can effectively defrost and defog the front neutron beam window 15 and the rear neutron beam window 16, thereby ensuring the clarity of the front neutron beam window 15 and the rear neutron beam window 16.

[0060] In this embodiment, the materials of the front neutron beam window 15 and the rear neutron beam window 16 include, but are not limited to, quartz sheets or sapphire sheets, which can ensure high neutron transmittance and facilitate laser collimation. Those skilled in the art can also select other neutron-transparent materials according to actual needs.

[0061] In addition, the temperature-controlled environment chamber 7 is equipped with a front mounting hole and a rear mounting hole. The front neutron beam window 15 is installed in the front mounting hole, and the rear neutron beam window 16 is installed in the rear mounting hole. The connection between the front neutron beam window 15 and the front mounting hole is coated with neutron absorbing material, and the connection between the rear neutron beam window 16 and the rear mounting hole is coated with neutron absorbing material. The neutron absorbing material can be boron carbide or boron-containing polyethylene, etc. Coating with neutron absorbing material can reduce neutron scattering background and stray particles, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0062] In this embodiment, the lower end of the in-situ tensile tester body is fixed with a support base 14, and the lower end of the temperature control environment box 7 can be detachably connected to the support base 14 by a number of positioning bolts 13. The positioning bolts 13 are selected to be of a longer length so that there is a certain distance between the temperature control environment box 7 and the support base 14, so as to avoid hindering the up and down movement of the lower tensile beam 4.

[0063] In this embodiment, a laser collimator is also included. The laser collimator comprises a laser emitter and a laser receiver. The laser generator is positioned on the side of the front neutron beam window 15 away from the rear neutron beam window 16, and the laser receiver is positioned on the side of the rear neutron beam window 16 away from the front neutron beam window 15. The laser emitter and laser receiver are collinear. Before emitting the neutron beam, the laser emitter emits a laser beam. After passing through the sample, the laser beam reaches the position of the laser receiver and is received by the laser receiver. This effectively detects whether the sample loading position is collinear with the center of the neutron beam.

[0064] Example 2

[0065] This embodiment provides an in-situ stretching apparatus coupled with small-angle neutron scattering in a high-low temperature environment for experimental use at room temperature. The specific steps are as follows:

[0066] At room temperature, when the in-situ stretcher body is used in conjunction with small-angle neutron scattering, the in-situ stretcher body from Embodiment 1 is suspended and placed on the sample stage of the small-angle neutron scatterer. The in-situ stretcher body is collimated, and the neutron beam is adjusted to pass through the center of the front neutron beam window 15 and irradiate the center of the sample. The scattered neutrons exit from the rear neutron beam window 16, enter the scattering cavity of the small-angle neutron scatterer, and finally reach the two-dimensional detector. The experimental steps are as follows:

[0067] (1) Fix the sample between the upper clamp 8 and the lower clamp 9, clear the initial force value of the main body of the in-situ tensile tester, the position of the upper tensile beam 3 and the lower tensile beam 4 to zero, and input the sample size, gauge length, target force value and experimental time and other parameters.

[0068] (2) Start the in-situ tensile tester body to load it. After the load force reaches the target force value, turn on the neutron switch and collect small-angle neutron scattering data.

[0069] (3) After the small-angle neutron scattering data acquisition is completed, turn off the neutron switch, open the door 20 of the temperature-controlled environment chamber 7, and take out the sample;

[0070] (4) Repeat step (1) to test the next sample.

[0071] Example 3

[0072] This embodiment provides an in-situ stretching apparatus coupled with small-angle neutron scattering in a high-low temperature environment for experimental use under low-temperature conditions. The specific steps are as follows:

[0073] At low temperatures, when the in-situ stretcher body is used in conjunction with small-angle neutron scattering, the in-situ stretcher body from Example 1 is suspended and placed on the sample stage of the small-angle neutron scatterer. The in-situ stretcher body is collimated, and the neutron beam is adjusted to pass through the center of the front neutron beam window 15 and irradiate the center of the sample. The scattered neutrons exit from the rear neutron beam window 16, enter the scattering cavity of the small-angle neutron scatterer, and finally reach the two-dimensional detector. The experimental steps are as follows:

[0074] (1) Fix the sample between the upper clamp 8 and the lower clamp 9, clear the initial force value of the main body of the in-situ tensile tester, the position of the upper tensile beam 3 and the lower tensile beam 4 to zero, and input the sample size, gauge length, target force value and experimental time and other parameters.

[0075] (2) Close the door 20 of the temperature-controlled environment chamber 7 and turn on the circular air knife;

[0076] (3) Open the solenoid valve on the liquid nitrogen input pipe 19, input the temperature value, and start the cooling program;

[0077] (4) After the temperature reaches the target temperature, start the in-situ tensile tester body to load it. When the load force reaches the target force value, turn on the neutron switch and collect small-angle neutron scattering data.

[0078] (5) After the small-angle neutron scattering data is collected, turn off the neutron switch, set the temperature of the main body 17 of the temperature control chamber to room temperature, and after the temperature reaches room temperature, open the door 20 of the temperature control chamber 7 and take out the sample.

[0079] (6) Repeat step (1) to test the next sample.

[0080] Example 4

[0081] This embodiment provides an in-situ stretching apparatus coupled with small-angle neutron scattering in a high-low temperature environment for experimental use under high-temperature conditions. The specific steps are as follows:

[0082] When the in-situ stretching apparatus is used in conjunction with small-angle neutron scattering at high temperatures, the in-situ stretching apparatus body described in Example 1 is suspended and placed on the sample stage of the small-angle neutron scattering apparatus. The in-situ stretching apparatus body is collimated, and the neutron beam is adjusted to pass through the center of the front neutron beam window 15 and irradiate the center of the sample. The scattered neutrons exit from the rear neutron beam window 16, enter the scattering cavity of the small-angle neutron scattering apparatus, and finally reach the two-dimensional detector. The experimental steps are as follows:

[0083] (1) Fix the sample between the upper clamp 8 and the lower clamp 9, clear the initial force value of the main body of the in-situ tensile tester, the position of the upper tensile beam 3 and the lower tensile beam 4 to zero, and input the sample size, gauge length, target force value and experimental time and other parameters.

[0084] (2) Close the door 20 of the temperature control environment box 7 and open the switch valve on the cooling pipe 6 of the upper extension rod;

[0085] (3) Input the temperature value on the temperature controller and start the heating program;

[0086] (4) After the temperature reaches the target temperature, start the in-situ tensile tester body to load it. After the load force reaches the target force value, turn on the neutron switch and collect small-angle neutron scattering data.

[0087] (5) After the small-angle neutron scattering data is collected, turn off the neutron switch, set the temperature of the main body 17 of the temperature control chamber to room temperature, and open the solenoid valve on the liquid nitrogen input pipe 19 to cool down. After the temperature reaches room temperature, open the door 20 of the temperature control chamber 7 and take out the sample.

[0088] (6) Repeat step (1) to test the next sample.

[0089] It should be noted that the above embodiments are merely further detailed descriptions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the specific embodiments of the present invention to these embodiments. The main body of the in-situ tensile apparatus of the present invention can meet the requirements of uniaxial tensile, reciprocating tensile, and compression experiments. The temperature control chamber 7 has a temperature control range of -70 to 350°C, and can test samples such as polymers, soft substances, alloys, and fibers. For those skilled in the art, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention.

[0090] This specification uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. An in-situ stretching apparatus for coupled high and low temperature environments with small-angle neutron scattering, characterized in that: It includes an in-situ tensile testing apparatus body and a temperature-controlled environment chamber, wherein the temperature-controlled environment chamber is disposed inside the in-situ tensile testing apparatus; The main body of the in-situ tensile apparatus includes an upper tensile device and a lower tensile device. The upper tensile device is provided with an upper clamp, and the lower tensile device is provided with a lower clamp. The temperature-controlled environment chamber has a front neutron beam window and a rear neutron beam window on its front and rear sides, respectively, and the front neutron beam window and the rear neutron beam window are arranged opposite to each other. The temperature-controlled environment chamber has a main body, and the main body has a heating device and a cooling device. The upper stretching device can pass through the upper side of the temperature-controlled environment chamber and the main body, and the lower stretching device can pass through the lower side of the temperature-controlled environment chamber and the main body. The upper end of the main body of the in-situ tensile tester is provided with a tensile control motor. The output shaft of the tensile control motor is connected to two lead screws. The tensile control motor can drive the two lead screws to rotate synchronously. The lead screws are provided with a double thread structure with opposite directions of rotation. The two lead screws are located on both sides of the upper tensile device and the lower tensile device. The upper tensioning device includes an upper tensioning crossbeam, with an upper nut seat fixed at each end of the upper tensioning crossbeam, and the two upper nut seats are respectively threadedly connected to the two lead screws. The lower tensioning device includes a lower tensioning crossbeam, and a lower nut seat is fixed at each end of the lower tensioning crossbeam. The two lower nut seats are respectively threaded to the two lead screws. The in-situ tensile tester is equipped with a tensile controller, and the tensile control motor is electrically connected to the tensile controller. The upper tension beam is fixedly connected to the upper clamp via an upper extension rod; The lower tension beam is fixedly connected to the lower clamp via a lower extension rod; A force sensor is provided between the upper tension beam and the upper extension rod, and the force sensor is electrically connected to the tension controller. The heating device is a heating tube, and there are two heating tubes, which are respectively arranged on both sides of the interior of the temperature control box body; a temperature sensor is fixed inside the temperature control box body, and both the heating tubes and the temperature sensor are electrically connected to the temperature controller; The cooling device is a liquid nitrogen input pipe. The first end of the liquid nitrogen input pipe is connected to a liquid nitrogen source, and the second end of the liquid nitrogen input pipe is connected to the interior of the temperature control box body.

2. The in-situ stretching apparatus for coupled high and low temperature environments with small-angle neutron scattering as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The upper extension rod is provided with a cooling water pipe through hole, and a cooling pipe is inserted through the cooling water pipe through hole.

3. The in-situ stretching apparatus for coupled high and low temperature environments with small-angle neutron scattering as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The in-situ tensile testing instrument is equipped with a limiting rod, which has an upper limiting block and a lower limiting block. The upper limiting block is located above the lower tensile beam, and the lower limiting block is located below the lower tensile beam.

4. The in-situ stretching apparatus for coupled high and low temperature environments with small-angle neutron scattering as described in claim 1, characterized in that: A circular air knife is provided at both the front and rear neutron beam windows, and each circular air knife is connected to a fan via a duct.

5. The in-situ stretching apparatus for coupled high and low temperature environments with small-angle neutron scattering as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The front neutron beam window and the rear neutron beam window are made of quartz or sapphire sheets. The temperature-controlled environment chamber is provided with a front mounting hole and a rear mounting hole. The front neutron beam window is installed in the front mounting hole, and the rear neutron beam window is installed in the rear mounting hole. The connection between the front neutron beam window and the front mounting hole is coated with neutron absorbing material, and the connection between the rear neutron beam window and the rear mounting hole is coated with neutron absorbing material.

6. The in-situ stretching apparatus for coupled high and low temperature environments with small-angle neutron scattering as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the in-situ tensile tester is fixed with a support base, and the lower end of the temperature-controlled environmental chamber is detachably connected to the support base by several positioning bolts.

7. The in-situ stretching apparatus for coupled high and low temperature environments with small-angle neutron scattering as described in claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a laser collimator, which includes a laser emitter and a laser receiver. The laser emitter is disposed on the side of the front neutron beam window away from the rear neutron beam window, and the laser receiver is disposed on the side of the rear neutron beam window away from the front neutron beam window.

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