A method and system for constructing a spindle simulation part considering damage gradient

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method and system for constructing a spindle simulation component considering damage gradient. First, based on the simplified model of the spindle structural component, the damage gradient path at the critical point is determined, as well as the target damage values of each center point on the damage gradient path. Then, a spindle simulation component is constructed based on the structure at the critical point, and the reciprocal of the mean square error between the simulated damage values and the target damage values of each center point on the damage gradient path is used as the fitness function. The genetic algorithm is adopted to optimize the parameters of the spindle simulation component to make it consistent with the damage gradient of the spindle structural component.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of structural design, and particularly to a method and system for constructing a spindle simulation component considering damage gradient. Background Art

[0002] As the "pearl on the crown" of modern industry, the importance of aero-engines in the economic and military fields is self-evident. The spindle is a key component in an aero-engine. It is in a harsh environment and subjected to complex loads. Once fatigue failure occurs, extremely serious consequences will be caused. Therefore, stress analysis and life prediction are required to improve the safety and reliability of the engine. However, due to the complex structures such as shoulders, openings, and sealing labyrinth teeth in the spindle, stress concentration and multiaxial fatigue are likely to occur at these places. For the stress concentration problem, if the stress and strain on the surface of the critical point are directly calculated, the predicted life will be too conservative, resulting in waste of resources. Therefore, the damage gradient method is usually used for correction. At the same time, in the correction process, the form of mainly using simulation components and supplemented by structural components is usually adopted to save costs. Therefore, it is of great significance to construct a spindle simulation component with a damage gradient consistent with the actual structural component. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for constructing a spindle simulation component considering damage gradient to construct a spindle simulation component with a damage gradient consistent with the actual structural component.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0005] A method for constructing a spindle simulation component considering damage gradient, the method comprising:

[0006] Constructing a simplified model of the spindle structural component; the simplified model is a geometric model constructed on the basis of not considering sub-structures with an influence on the stress distribution in the spindle structural component less than a preset threshold;

[0007] Calculating the stress and strain of the simplified model to determine the damage gradient at the critical point of the spindle structural component as the target damage gradient; the damage gradient includes a damage gradient path and damage values of each center point on the damage gradient path; the target damage value is obtained by calculating the stress and strain of the simplified model;

[0008] Constructing a spindle simulation component according to the structure at the critical point of the shaft structural component;

[0009] Taking the reciprocal of the mean square error of the simulated damage gradient and the target damage gradient as the fitness function, and using a genetic algorithm to optimize the geometric parameters of the spindle simulation component to obtain a spindle simulation component with optimized parameters; the simulated damage gradient is obtained by calculating the stress and strain of the spindle simulation component.

[0010] Optionally, perform stress-strain calculation on the simplified model to determine the damage gradient at the critical point of the main shaft structural member as the target damage gradient; the damage gradient includes the damage gradient path and the damage values of each central point on the damage gradient path, specifically including:

[0011] Based on the finite element principle, perform meshing on the simplified model to determine the vertices of the mesh as nodes;

[0012] Apply load constraints to the simplified model;

[0013] Determine the stress and strain of each node at each moment under the load constraint;

[0014] Calculate the damage value of each node according to the stress and strain of each node at each moment and the material properties of the main shaft structural member;

[0015] Determine the node with the maximum damage as the critical point of the main shaft structural member according to the damage values of each node;

[0016] Determine the damage gradient path at the critical point, and use the damage values of the nodes corresponding to each central point on the damage gradient path as the damage values of each central point of the target damage gradient.

[0017] Optionally, the application of load constraints to the simplified model specifically includes:

[0018] Apply circumferential constraints at the bearing connection in the simplified model, apply axial force and torque at the disk connection in the simplified model, and apply bending moment at both ends of the main shaft in the simplified model.

[0019] Optionally, the determination of the damage gradient path at the critical point specifically includes:

[0020] Take the critical point as the central point;

[0021] Make a sphere with the central point as the center of the sphere;

[0022] According to the damage parameters of each node, select the node with the minimum damage on the spherical surface as the next central point, and return to the step "Make a sphere with the central point as the center of the sphere" until the damage gradient path is greater than the preset length threshold, and output the damage gradient path.

[0023] Optionally, the construction of the main shaft simulation part according to the structure at the critical point of the shaft structural member specifically includes:

[0024] When the structure at the critical point is a shaft shoulder, construct the main shaft simulation part based on a round bar with a shaft shoulder;

[0025] When the structure at the dangerous point is a circular hole, a spindle simulation part is constructed based on a hollow thin-walled open cylinder;

[0026] When the structure at the dangerous point is a geometrically discontinuous structure, a spindle simulation part is constructed based on a round bar with a V-notch.

[0027] Optionally, the fitness function is:

[0028]

[0029] where fitness is the fitness function value, is the damage value of the i-th center point of the simulated damage gradient, is the damage value of the i-th center point of the target damage gradient, and n is the number of center points.

[0030] A spindle simulation part construction system considering damage gradient, which is applied to the above method, and the system includes:

[0031] A simplified model construction module for constructing a simplified model of the spindle structural part; the simplified model is a geometric model constructed on the basis of not considering substructures whose influence on the stress distribution in the spindle structural part is less than a preset threshold;

[0032] A stress and strain calculation module for performing stress and strain calculations on the simplified model to determine the damage gradient at the dangerous point of the spindle structural part as the target damage gradient; the damage gradient includes a damage gradient path and the damage values of each center point on the damage gradient path; the target damage value is obtained by performing stress and strain calculations on the simplified model;

[0033] A spindle simulation part construction module for constructing a spindle simulation part according to the structure at the dangerous point of the shaft structural part;

[0034] A parameter optimization module for using the reciprocal of the mean square error of the simulated damage gradient and the target damage gradient as the fitness function, and optimizing the geometric parameters of the spindle simulation part by using a genetic algorithm to obtain a spindle simulation part with optimized parameters; the simulated damage gradient is obtained by performing stress and strain calculations on the spindle simulation part.

[0035] An electronic device includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the above method is implemented.

[0036] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, and when the computer program is executed, the above method is implemented.

[0037] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the following technical effects are disclosed by the present invention:

[0038] The present invention discloses a method and system for constructing a spindle simulation component considering damage gradient. The method includes: constructing a simplified model of the spindle structural component; performing stress-strain calculation on the simplified model to determine the damage gradient at the critical point of the spindle structural component as the target damage gradient; the damage gradient includes the damage gradient path and the damage values of each central point on the damage gradient path; constructing a spindle simulation component according to the structure at the critical point of the shaft structural component; using the reciprocal of the mean square error of the simulated damage gradient and the target damage gradient as the fitness function, and optimizing the geometric parameters of the spindle simulation component by using a genetic algorithm to obtain the spindle simulation component with optimized parameters. The present invention first determines the damage gradient path at the critical point and the target damage values of each central point on the damage gradient path based on the simplified model of the spindle structural component, then constructs a spindle simulation component based on the structure at the critical point, and uses the reciprocal of the mean square error of the simulated damage values and the target damage values of each central point on the damage gradient path as the fitness function, and optimizes the parameters of the spindle simulation component by using a genetic algorithm to make it consistent with the damage gradient of the spindle structural component. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0040] Figure 1 It is a flowchart of a method for constructing a spindle simulation component considering damage gradient provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the principle of a method for constructing a spindle simulation component considering damage gradient provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the damage gradient of the spindle structural component provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 4 It is a shape parameter diagram of the spindle simulation component provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 It is a finite element model diagram of the spindle simulation component provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 It is a flowchart of obtaining the optimal spindle simulation component based on a genetic algorithm provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0046] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of binary genes provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the chromosome crossover process provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the chromosome variation process provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 10 Schematic diagram showing the variation of the best fitness of each generation obtained by the genetic algorithm with the number of generations provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 11 Comparison diagram of the damage gradients between the best spindle simulation part and the spindle structural part provided by an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed implementation manners

[0051] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0052] The object of the present invention is to provide a method and system for constructing a spindle simulation part considering damage gradients, so as to construct a spindle simulation part with a damage gradient consistent with that of the actual structural part.

[0053] To make the above objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more obvious and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation manners.

[0054] Embodiment 1

[0055] As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 An embodiment 1 of the present invention provides a method for constructing a spindle simulation part considering damage gradients, and the method includes:

[0056] Step 101, constructing a simplified model of the spindle structural part; the simplified model is a geometric model constructed on the basis of not considering sub-structures whose influence on the stress distribution in the spindle structural part is less than a preset threshold. Exemplarily, the sub-structures include grooves, openings, sealing labyrinth teeth, etc.

[0057] Establish a simplified model of its spindle structural part according to the public drawings of the engine, and simplify the structures such as grooves, openings, and sealing labyrinth teeth that have little influence on the stress distribution.

[0058] Step 102: Calculate the stress and strain of the simplified model to determine the damage gradient at the critical points of the main shaft structure as the target damage gradient. The damage gradient includes the damage gradient path and the damage values of each center point on the damage gradient path. The target damage value is obtained by calculating the stress and strain of the simplified model.

[0059] Apply load constraints according to the actual load condition of the main shaft, calculate the stress and strain of the main shaft, and extract the damage values of each center point on the damage gradient path at the critical points of the main shaft as the damage gradient optimization target of the main shaft simulation part.

[0060] Apply load constraints according to the actual load condition of the main shaft, apply circumferential constraints at the bearing connection, apply axial force and torque at the disk connection, and apply bending moment at both ends.

[0061] As a preferred embodiment, Step 102 specifically includes: calculating damage parameters in finite element analysis. First, extract the stress and strain of each node at each moment according to the time increment step. Second, organize the data according to the node positions into the stress and strain of each node at each moment. Finally, calculate the damage values at each node according to the stress and strain history of each node and the material properties. The selection of the damage model should conform to the failure form of the model. The damage model selected in this embodiment is the WHS model (as Figure 3 shown), and at the same time considering the maximum shear strain and the maximum normal stress and the range of normal strain on the critical plane, the life prediction is relatively accurate. Among them, the WHS model is a multiaxial fatigue life prediction model based on the critical plane method, and its model form is:

[0062]

[0063] Among them, is the maximum shear strain amplitude, λ is the uniaxial tension-compression fatigue correction parameter, G is the shear modulus, τ′ f is the shear fatigue strength coefficient, γ′ is the shear fatigue ductility coefficient, b0 and c0 are the shear fatigue strength index and the shear fatigue ductility index respectively, τ′ f 、γ′、b0 and c0 are obtained by fitting pure shear fatigue test data, σ n，max is the maximum normal stress on the critical plane, Δε n is the range of normal strain on the maximum shear strain plane, E is the elastic modulus, N f is the fatigue life.

[0064] As a preferred embodiment, step 102 further includes: damage gradient extraction. First, determine the position of the dangerous point according to the damage distribution. Secondly, take the dangerous point as the first center point, make a sphere with the center point as the center of the sphere, and extract the damage values of the nodes separated by a certain distance on the sphere surface according to the accuracy requirement. Take the point with the minimum damage among them as the next center point of the damage gradient path, and make a sphere with this center point as the center and repeat the above steps until the length of the damage gradient path meets the requirement. The final result is the damage gradient path. The calculation method of the damage value of the damage simulation part and the damage gradient extraction method are the same as this step, and will not be elaborated in step 104.

[0065] Step 103: Construct a main shaft simulation part according to the structure at the dangerous point of the shaft structural part, and determine the geometric parameters to be optimized and the parameter value ranges of the main shaft simulation part.

[0066] Design a main shaft feature simulation part according to the structural characteristics at the dangerous point of the main shaft. Design a simulation part based on a round bar with a shoulder to target the shoulder feature, design a simulation part based on a hollow thin-walled cylindrical opening to target the round hole feature, and design a simulation part based on a round bar with a V-shaped notch to target other geometric discontinuity features.

[0067] Step 104: Use the reciprocal of the mean square error of the simulated damage gradient and the target damage gradient as the fitness function, and use the genetic algorithm to optimize the geometric parameters of the main shaft simulation part to obtain the main shaft simulation part with optimized parameters; the simulated damage gradient is obtained by performing stress-strain calculations on the main shaft simulation part.

[0068] Use the binary number corresponding to the geometric parameters of the main shaft simulation part as the gene, and a string of binary codes arranged in sequence by the genes is the chromosome; use the reciprocal of the mean square error between the simulated damage gradient of the simulation part and the target damage gradient as the fitness; select excellent simulation parts as the parents of the next generation of simulation parts according to the fitness size; use the random segment exchange and individual bit changes of the binary numbers between the parent chromosomes as the crossover and mutation in the genetic process. Through crossover and mutation, the fitness value of the population is continuously increased, and finally the simulation part with the best damage gradient optimization effect is obtained as the optimization result, and the value of its geometric parameters is determined.

[0069] The fitness function is:

[0070]

[0071] where fitness is the fitness function value, is the damage value of the i-th center point of the simulated damage gradient, is the damage value of the i-th center point of the target damage gradient, and n is the number of center points.

[0072] Embodiment 2

[0073] Embodiment 2 of the present invention is a specific implementation manner of Embodiment 1 of the present invention, which is specifically as follows:

[0074] The design conditions of the spindle simulation part are as follows:

[0075] (1) Basic dimensions: The length of the spindle simulation part is 64 mm, the maximum diameter is 12 mm, and the minimum diameter is 5 mm;

[0076] (2) Material parameters: Grade: GH4169, Elastic modulus: 198.5 Gpa, Poisson's ratio: 0.3, Strain hardening index: 0.06, Strength coefficient: 1579.7 Mpa;

[0077] (3) Load constraints: The simulation part is subjected to in-phase tensile load and torsional load, with magnitudes of 2000 N and 3600 N·mm respectively.

[0078] The design requirements of the spindle simulation part are as follows:

[0079] (1) The root mean square error of the damage gradient between the spindle simulation part and the spindle structural part is at least less than 5%;

[0080] The shape of the simulation part designed in this embodiment is as Figure 4 shown. Its prototype is a V-notch round bar specimen, where the variable parameters are: clamping section radius R1, test section radius R2, notch radius R3, transition section chamfer radius RR1, notch chamfer radius RR2, clamping section length L1, test section length L2, and their specific value ranges and step sizes are shown in Table 1.

[0081] Table 1 Parameters to be optimized and parameter value ranges of the spindle simulation part

[0082] Parameter to be optimized Value range (mm) Step size (mm) Radius R1 of the clamping section 5-6.5 0.1 Radius R2 of the test section 3-4.5 0.1 Radius R3 at the notch 2.4-2.7 0.1 Chamfer radius RR1 of the transition section 4-6.5 0.5 Chamfer radius RR2 of the notch 0.15-0.3 0.01 Length L1 of the clamping section 10-17 1 Length L2 of the test section 25-32 1

[0083] Write a script to implement the parametric modeling process of the designed spindle simulation part. Arbitrarily select a combination of geometric parameters within the optional range and run the parametric modeling script, which can complete the operations of model establishment, load application, mesh generation, stress calculation, and damage gradient extraction of the parameter simulation part in finite element analysis, as Figure 5 shown, and obtain the fitness function value reflecting the damage gradient optimization level.

[0084] Write a script to implement the genetic algorithm optimization process of the designed spindle simulation part. Combine the parametric modeling script to optimize the parameters of the spindle simulation part. The process of optimizing the parameters of the spindle simulation part by the genetic algorithm is as Figure 6As shown, first, the initial population is generated (i.e., the spindle simulation parts with different parameters are randomly generated), the fitness of each individual in the population is calculated, and the most excellent individual is selected as the parent of the next generation population according to the fitness; the next generation population is generated through the crossover of the parent chromosomes and the mutation of genes; the above steps are repeated to promote the continuous improvement of the overall fitness level of the population, and finally the individual with the highest fitness is obtained to achieve the automatic multi-parameter optimization of the simulation part.

[0085] The relationship between the parameters of the spindle simulation part and the chromosome is as Figure 7 shown. Each parameter of the spindle simulation part is respectively converted into a binary number as a gene, and then arranged in order as a chromosome. The conversion rule of the parameters follows the one-to-one correspondence rule, and the range of the gene binary number corresponds to the floating-point meaning of the parameter value range, so as to realize the encoding and decoding of the gene.

[0086] The crossover of the chromosome is as Figure 8 shown, that is, a segment is randomly exchanged between two chromosomes; the mutation of the chromosome is as Figure 9 shown, that is, a random binary number on the chromosome is changed.

[0087] The curve of the maximum fitness of each generation obtained in this embodiment changing with the number of genetic generations is as Figure 10 shown (20 generations of inheritance, 40 simulation parts in each generation of the population). Observing this curve, it can be seen that the convergence speed of this genetic algorithm is relatively fast and the optimization effect is good. The comparison diagram of the optimal simulation part finally obtained and the damage gradient of the structural part is as Figure 11 shown, and the geometric parameters of this simulation part are shown in Table 2.

[0088] Table 2 Geometric parameters of the best simulation part

[0089] Parameter Optimal dimension (mm) Radius R1 of the clamping section 5.4 Radius R2 of the test section 3.4 Radius R3 at the notch 2.6 Chamfer radius RR1 of the transition section 5.1 Chamfer radius RR2 of the notch 0.27 Length L1 of the clamping section 13 Length L2 of the test section 31

[0090] It can be seen that with the goal of fitting the damage gradient of the structural part, a spindle simulation part with a specific combination of geometric parameters can be obtained. By performing finite element analysis on this simulation part, the result that its damage gradient is similar to that of the structural part can be obtained.

[0091] Embodiment 3

[0092] Embodiment 3 of the present invention provides a spindle simulation part construction system considering the damage gradient. The system is applied to the method of Embodiment 1, and the system includes:

[0093] A simplified model construction module for constructing a simplified model of the spindle structural part; the simplified model is a geometric model constructed on the basis of not considering the sub-structures whose influence on the stress distribution in the spindle structural part is less than a preset threshold.

[0094] A stress-strain calculation module, which is used to calculate the stress and strain of the simplified model and determine the damage gradient at the critical point of the main shaft structural member as the target damage gradient; the damage gradient includes a damage gradient path and the damage values of each center point on the damage gradient path; the target damage value is obtained by calculating the stress and strain of the simplified model.

[0095] A main shaft simulation component construction module, which is used to construct a main shaft simulation component according to the structure at the critical point of the shaft structural member.

[0096] A parameter optimization module, which uses the reciprocal of the mean square error of the simulated damage gradient and the target damage gradient as the fitness function and adopts a genetic algorithm to optimize the geometric parameters of the main shaft simulation component to obtain a main shaft simulation component with optimized parameters; the simulated damage gradient is obtained by calculating the stress and strain of the main shaft simulation component.

[0097] Embodiment 4

[0098] Embodiment 4 of the present invention provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the method of Embodiment 1 is implemented.

[0099] In addition, when the computer program in the above-mentioned memory is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that makes a contribution to the prior art, or a part of this technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium and includes several instructions for causing a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present invention. The foregoing storage medium includes: various media such as a USB flash drive, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory, a random access memory, a magnetic disk, or an optical disc that can store program codes.

[0100] Embodiment 5

[0101] Embodiment 5 of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, and when the computer program is executed, the above-mentioned method is implemented.

[0102] The beneficial effects achieved by the present invention are as follows: First, the present invention proposes a scheme for optimizing the design of spindle simulation parts with the goal of consistent damage gradients, and establishes a fitness function that can reflect the degree of similarity between the damage gradient of the simulation parts and the structural parts, so that the quality of the spindle simulation parts can be materialized and the parameter optimization of the spindle simulation parts is convenient; second, the genetic algorithm is combined with parametric modeling to realize the full-automatic optimization of the geometric parameters of the spindle simulation parts, and multiple geometric parameters are optimized at the same time, thereby improving the optimization efficiency; third, in view of the shortcomings of the current lack of research on the optimization of spindle simulation parts and the low optimization efficiency, the genetic algorithm optimization of the spindle simulation parts is completed, and finally a spindle simulation part that meets the design requirements and has a good damage gradient fitting effect is obtained.

[0103] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention may take the form of a complete hardware embodiment, a complete software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product implemented on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory, read-only optical disc), optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program codes.

[0104] The present invention is described with reference to the flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods, devices (systems), and computer program products according to the embodiments of the present application. It should be understood that each process and / or block in the flowchart and / or block diagram, as well as the combination of the processes and / or blocks in the flowchart and / or block diagram, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, an embedded processor, or other programmable data processing device to generate a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing device generate instructions for implementing the processes in the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 These computer program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can guide a computer or other programmable data processing device to work in a specific way, so that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce a product including an instruction device, which implements the functions specified in the process. Figure 1 A process or multiple processes and / or boxes Figure 1 These computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing device, so that a series of operation steps are executed on the computer or other programmable device to produce a computer-implemented process, so that the instructions executed on the computer or other programmable device provide for implementing the process in the process. Figure 1steps of one or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 steps of the functions specified in one or more boxes

[0105] The embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. For the same or similar parts among the embodiments, reference can be made to each other.

[0106] Specific examples are used in this article to elaborate on the principles and implementation manners of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and its core idea of the present invention; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation manners and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing a spindle simulation part considering damage gradient, characterized in that The method includes: Constructing a simplified model of the main shaft structural member; the simplified model is a geometric model constructed on the basis of not considering sub-structures whose influence on the stress distribution in the main shaft structural member is less than a preset threshold; Performing stress and strain calculations on the simplified model, and determining the damage gradient at the critical point of the main shaft structural member as the target damage gradient; the damage gradient includes a damage gradient path and the damage values of each center point on the damage gradient path; Constructing a main shaft simulation member according to the structure at the critical point of the shaft structural member; Taking the reciprocal of the mean square error of the simulated damage gradient and the target damage gradient as the fitness function, and using a genetic algorithm to optimize the geometric parameters of the main shaft simulation member to obtain a main shaft simulation member with optimized parameters; the simulated damage gradient is obtained by performing stress and strain calculations on the main shaft simulation member.

2. The method for constructing the principal axis simulation part considering the damage gradient according to claim 1, characterized in that Performing stress and strain calculations on the simplified model, and determining the damage gradient at the critical point of the main shaft structural member as the target damage gradient; The damage gradient includes a damage gradient path and the damage values of each center point on the damage gradient path, specifically including: Based on the finite element principle, performing meshing on the simplified model to determine the vertices of the mesh as nodes; Applying load constraints to the simplified model; Determining the stress and strain of each node at each moment under the load constraints; Calculating the damage value of each node according to the stress and strain of each node at each moment and the material properties of the main shaft structural member; Determining the node with the maximum damage as the critical point of the main shaft structural member according to the damage values of each node; Determining the damage gradient path at the critical point, and taking the damage values of the nodes corresponding to each center point on the damage gradient path as the damage values of each center point of the target damage gradient.

3. The method for constructing the spindle simulation part considering the damage gradient according to claim 2, characterized in that, The applying load constraints to the simplified model specifically includes: Applying circumferential constraints at the bearing connection in the simplified model, applying axial force and torque at the disk connection in the simplified model, and applying bending moment at both ends of the main shaft in the simplified model.

4. The method for constructing a spindle simulation part considering damage gradient according to claim 2, characterized in that The determining the damage gradient path at the critical point specifically includes: Taking the critical point as the center point; Making a sphere with the center point as the center of the sphere; According to the damage parameters of each node, selecting the node with the minimum damage on the sphere surface as the next center point, and returning to the step "Making a sphere with the center point as the center of the sphere" until the damage gradient path is greater than a preset length threshold, and outputting the damage gradient path.

5. The method for constructing the spindle simulation part considering the damage gradient according to claim 1, characterized in that, The constructing a main shaft simulation member according to the structure at the critical point of the shaft structural member specifically includes: When the structure at the critical point is a shaft shoulder, constructing the main shaft simulation member based on a round bar with a shaft shoulder; When the structure at the critical point is a round hole, constructing the main shaft simulation member based on a thin-walled hollow open cylinder; When the structure at the critical point is a geometric discontinuity structure, constructing the main shaft simulation member based on a round bar with a V-shaped notch.

6. The method for constructing a spindle simulation part considering damage gradient according to claim 1, characterized in that The fitness function is: where fitness is the fitness function value, is the damage value of the i-th center point for simulating the damage gradient, is the damage value of the i-th center point of the target damage gradient, and n is the number of center points.

7. A main shaft simulation component construction system considering damage gradient, characterized in that, The system is applied to the method according to any one of claims 1-6, and the system includes A simplified model construction module for constructing a simplified model of the spindle structural member; the simplified model is a geometric model constructed on the basis of not considering sub-structures whose influence on the stress distribution in the spindle structural member is less than a preset threshold; A stress and strain calculation module for calculating the stress and strain of the simplified model to determine the damage gradient at the critical point of the spindle structural member as the target damage gradient; the damage gradient includes a damage gradient path and damage values at each center point on the damage gradient path; the target damage value is obtained by calculating the stress and strain of the simplified model; A spindle simulation member construction module for constructing a spindle simulation member according to the structure at the critical point of the shaft structural member; A parameter optimization module for using the reciprocal of the mean square error of the simulated damage gradient and the target damage gradient as a fitness function, and optimizing the geometric parameters of the spindle simulation member by using a genetic algorithm to obtain a spindle simulation member with optimized parameters; the simulated damage gradient is obtained by calculating the stress and strain of the spindle simulation member.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, It includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, A computer program is stored on the storage medium, and when the computer program is executed, the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is implemented.

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