Zone identification (ID) for wireless sidelink communications

Abstract

A sidelink user equipment (UE) receives a group wake up signal (WUS) from a base station and decodes the group WUS based on zone identification (ID) information of the sidelink UE. A base station transmits a wake up signal to a group of sidelink user equipment (UEs) and transmits zone ID information to the group. Group wake up signal parameters are a function of the zone ID information. The base station generates a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence, selects a port for the DMRS, and / or scrambles a control channel or data channel based on a zone ID of a sidelink UE. A sidelink UE compares a zone ID of the sidelink UE to a zone ID of a neighbor UE and initiates a conditional handover to another cell when the zone ID of the sidelink UE is different from the zone ID of the neighbor UE.

Description

[0001] Cross-reference to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 17 / 193,400, filed March 5, 2021, entitled “ZONE ID FOR WIRELESS SIDELINK COMMUNICATIONS,” and claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 039,392, filed June 15, 2020, entitled “ZONE ID FOR WIRELESS SIDELINK COMMUNICATIONS,” the disclosure of which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0003] open field

[0004] Various aspects of this disclosure generally relate to wireless communications, and more particularly to techniques and apparatus for using area identifiers (IDs) in wireless sidelink communications.

[0005] background

[0006] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services such as telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems employ multiple access technologies that enable communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0007] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol enabling different wireless devices to communicate at the city, country, region, and even global levels. An example telecommunications standard is the fifth-generation (5G) New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continuous evolution of mobile broadband, promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements related to latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT)), and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR can be based on the fourth-generation (4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. There is a need for further improvements to 5G NR technology. These improvements can also be applied to other multiple access technologies and telecommunications standards that employ them.

[0008] Wireless communication systems may include or provide support for various types of communication systems, such as vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems. V2X systems can be used by vehicles to increase safety and help prevent collisions. Information about severe weather, nearby accidents, road conditions, and / or other information can be conveyed to the driver via V2X systems. In some cases, side-link UEs (such as vehicles) can communicate directly with each other using D2D communication over a device-to-device (D2D) wireless link. These communications may be referred to as side-link communications.

[0009] With the increasing demand for sidelink communication, different V2X communication systems compete for the same wireless communication resources. Furthermore, some sidelink UEs may be power-limited. Accordingly, there is a need to improve the efficiency of sidelink wireless communication.

[0010] Overview

[0011] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a method for wireless communication by a sidelink user equipment (UE) includes receiving a group wake-up signal (WUS) from a base station. The method further includes decoding the group WUS based on the area identifier (ID) information of the sidelink UE.

[0012] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a sidelink user equipment (UE) for wireless communication includes means for receiving a group wake-up signal (WUS) from a base station. The sidelink UE also includes means for decoding the group WUS based on the sidelink UE's area identifier (ID) information.

[0013] On the other hand, an apparatus for wireless communication at a sidelink user equipment (UE) includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. Instructions stored in the memory, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to receive a group wake-up signal (WUS) from a base station. These instructions also cause the apparatus to decode the group WUS based on the area identifier (ID) information of the sidelink UE.

[0014] In another aspect, a non-transient computer-readable medium records program code. This program code is executed by a sidelink user equipment (UE) and includes program code for receiving a group wake-up signal (WUS) from a base station. The program code also includes program code for decoding the group WUS based on the area ID information of the sidelink UE.

[0015] According to another approach, a method for wireless communication by a base station includes generating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence based on the area identifier (ID) of a sidelink user equipment (UE). The method also includes transmitting the DMRS sequence to the sidelink UE.

[0016] On the other hand, a method for wireless communication by a base station includes selecting a port for a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) based on the area identifier (ID) of a sidelink user equipment (UE). The method further includes transmitting the DMRS using that port.

[0017] In another aspect, a method for wireless communication by a base station includes scrambling a control channel or data channel based on the area identifier (ID) of a sidelink user equipment (UE). The method also includes transmitting the control channel or data channel to the sidelink UE.

[0018] In another aspect of this disclosure, a method for wireless communication by a sidelink user equipment (UE) includes comparing the area identifier (ID) of the sidelink UE with the area ID of a neighboring UE. The method further includes initiating a conditional handover to a different cell when the area ID of the sidelink UE differs from the area ID of the neighboring UE.

[0019] In another aspect of this disclosure, a sidelink user equipment (UE) for wireless communication includes means for comparing the area ID of the sidelink UE with the area ID of a neighboring UE. The method also includes means for initiating a conditional handover to another cell when the area ID of the sidelink UE differs from the area ID of the neighboring UE.

[0020] In another aspect of this disclosure, an apparatus for wireless communication at a base station includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. Instructions stored in the memory, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to transmit a wake-up signal (WUS) to a group of sidelink user equipment (UEs). These instructions also cause the apparatus to transmit area ID information to the group of sidelink UEs. Group wake-up signal parameters vary depending on the area ID information.

[0021] According to another aspect, an apparatus for wireless communication at a base station includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. Instructions stored in the memory, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to generate a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence based on the area ID of a sidelink user equipment (UE). These instructions also cause the apparatus to transmit the DMRS sequence to the sidelink UE.

[0022] In another aspect, an apparatus for wireless communication at a base station includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. Instructions stored in the memory, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to select a port for demodulation reference signal (DMRS) based on the area ID of a sidelink user equipment (UE). These instructions also cause the apparatus to transmit the DMRS using that port.

[0023] In another aspect, an apparatus for wireless communication at a base station includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. Instructions stored in the memory, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to scramble a control channel or a data channel based on the area ID of a sidelink user equipment (UE). These instructions also cause the apparatus to transmit the control channel or data channel to the sidelink UE.

[0024] In another aspect of this disclosure, an apparatus for wireless communication at a sidelink user equipment (UE) includes a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. Instructions stored in the memory, when executed by the processor, cause the apparatus to compare the area identifier (ID) of the sidelink UE with the area ID of a neighboring UE. These instructions also cause the apparatus to initiate a conditional handover to a different cell when the area ID of the sidelink UE differs from the area ID of the neighboring UE.

[0025] In another aspect of this disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable medium records program code. This program code is executed by a base station and includes program code for transmitting a wake-up signal (WUS) to a group of sidelink user equipment (UEs). The program code also includes program code for transmitting area ID information to the group of sidelink UEs. Group wake-up signal parameters vary depending on the area ID information.

[0026] According to another approach, a non-transient computer-readable medium records program code. This program code is executed by a sidelink user equipment (UE) and includes program code for generating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence based on the area ID of the sidelink UE. The program code also includes program code for transmitting the DMRS sequence to the sidelink UE.

[0027] In another aspect, a non-transient computer-readable medium records program code. This program code is executed by a sidelink user equipment (UE) and includes program code for selecting a port for demodulation reference signal (DMRS) based on the UE's area ID. The program code also includes program code for transmitting the DMRS using that port.

[0028] In another aspect, a non-transient computer-readable medium records program code. This program code is executed by a sidelink user equipment (UE) and includes program code for scrambling a control channel or data channel based on the area ID of the sidelink user equipment (UE). The program code also includes program code for transmitting the control channel or data channel to the sidelink UE.

[0029] In another aspect of this disclosure, a non-transient computer-readable medium records program code. This program code is executed by a sidelink user equipment (UE) and includes program code for comparing the area ID of the sidelink UE with the area ID of a neighboring UE. The program code also includes program code for initiating a conditional handover to another cell when the area ID of the sidelink UE differs from the area ID of the neighboring UE.

[0030] The aspects generally include, as substantially described herein with reference to the accompanying drawings and description, methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transient computer-readable media, user equipment, base stations, wireless communication equipment, and processing systems.

[0031] The foregoing has broadly outlined the features and technical advantages of the examples according to this disclosure in an effort to facilitate a better understanding of the following detailed description. Additional features and advantages will be described. The disclosed concepts and specific examples can be readily used as the basis for modifying or designing other structures for implementing the same purposes as this disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the disclosed concepts, in both their organization and manner of operation, and their associated advantages, will be better understood by considering the following description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Each drawing is provided for illustrative and descriptive purposes and not for defining limitations on the claims. Brief description of the attached diagram

[0033] To gain a more detailed understanding of the features described above in this disclosure, reference can be made to various aspects of the above brief overview, some of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that the drawings illustrate only certain typical aspects of this disclosure and should not be considered as limiting its scope, as other equivalent aspects are permissible in this description. Identical reference numerals in different drawings may identify the same or similar elements.

[0034] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and access network.

[0035] Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 2C and Figure 2D These are illustrations illustrating examples of the first 5G New Radio (NR) frame, the downlink (DL) channel within a 5G NR subframe, the second 5G NR frame, and the uplink (UL) channel within a 5G NR subframe.

[0036] Figure 3 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0037] Figure 4This is a diagram illustrating examples of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) systems according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0038] Figure 5 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle-to-everything (V2X) system with a roadside unit (RSU) according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0039] Figure 6 This is an illustration of a user equipment (UE) within the coverage area of ​​a base station, according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0040] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating the user equipment (UE) area according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0041] Figure 8 This is a flowchart illustrating the use of a region identifier (ID) in conjunction with group wake-up signal (WUS) and conditional handover (CHO) according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0042] Figure 9 This is a flowchart illustrating, for example, an example process performed by a sidelink user equipment according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0043] Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating, for example, an example process performed by a base station according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0044] Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating, for example, an example process performed by a base station according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0045] Figure 12 This is a flowchart illustrating, for example, an example process performed by a base station according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0046] Figure 13 This is a flowchart illustrating, for example, an example process performed by a sidelink user equipment according to various aspects of this disclosure.

[0047] Detailed description

[0048] The various aspects of this disclosure are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this disclosure may be implemented in many different forms and should not be construed as being limited to any specific structure or function given throughout this disclosure. Rather, these aspects are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of this disclosure to those skilled in the art. Based on these teachings, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover any aspect disclosed herein, whether implemented independently of or in combination with any other aspect of this disclosure. For example, any number of the aspects set forth may be used to implement an apparatus or method of practice. Furthermore, the scope of this disclosure is intended to cover such apparatus or methods practiced using additional structures, functions, or structures and functions that complement or supplement the various aspects of this disclosure set forth. It should be understood that any aspect of this disclosure may be implemented by one or more elements of the claims.

[0049] Several aspects of a telecommunications system will now be described with reference to various devices and techniques. These devices and techniques will be described in the following detailed description and explained in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, modules, components, circuits, steps, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively, "elements"). These elements can be implemented using hardware, software, or a combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0050] It should be noted that while the aspects may be described using terms commonly associated with 5G and subsequent wireless technologies, the aspects of this disclosure may be applied in communication systems based on other generations, such as and including 3G and / or 4G technologies.

[0051] In cellular communication networks, wireless devices can typically communicate with each other via one or more network entities, such as base stations or scheduling entities. Some networks support device-to-device (D2D) communication, which enables the discovery of nearby devices and communication with them using direct links between devices (e.g., without going through a base station, relay, or another node). D2D communication enables mesh networking and device-to-network relay functionality. Some examples of D2D technologies include Bluetooth pairing, Wi-Fi Direct, Miracast, and LTE-D. D2D communication can also be referred to as point-to-point (P2P) or sidelink communication.

[0052] D2D communication can be implemented using licensed or unlicensed frequency bands. Additionally, D2D communication avoids the overhead of routing to and from the base station. Therefore, D2D communication can improve throughput, reduce latency, and / or increase energy efficiency.

[0053] Types of D2D communication can include vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. V2X communication can assist autonomous vehicles in communicating with each other. For example, autonomous vehicles may include multiple sensors (e.g., LiDAR, radar, cameras, etc.). In most cases, the sensors of autonomous vehicles are line-of-sight sensors. In contrast, V2X communication allows autonomous vehicles to communicate with each other in non-line-of-sight situations.

[0054] A region identifier (ID) is a concept based on the physical location of the UE in sidelink communication. Aspects of this disclosure relate to methods for utilizing the UE's region ID in physical layer (PHY) protocol designs, such as designs using millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication, for example. Some aspects considered include group wake-up signals (WUS) for UE nodes in frequency bands such as mmWave (e.g., frequency range 2 (FR2) or frequency range 4 (FR4) corresponding to 24.25–52.6 GHz and 52.6–114.25 GHz). More specifically, aspects of this disclosure relate to communicating region ID information to a base station or network for WUS parameter design.

[0055] Wake-up signals can improve power saving. For example, a UE can save power by entering a connected-mode discontinuous reception cycle (CDRX) to sleep. The UE periodically wakes up from sleep and listens for a wake-up signal. If the UE does not receive a wake-up signal, it returns to sleep mode.

[0056] If UEs wake up at different times, it may be difficult to establish sidelink communication between them. According to various aspects of this disclosure, the base station or network cyclically aligns the sleep / wake-up times of UEs that are close to each other. The area ID can facilitate this alignment. To achieve alignment, the group WUS parameter used by the base station / network can vary depending on the area ID of each UE.

[0057] The base station can convey the area ID information to the UE within the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) payload. Alternatively, the area ID can be used to scramble a portion of the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code.

[0058] According to various aspects of this disclosure, base stations and UEs use area ID information in multiple ways to determine WUS parameters. For example, the search space and temporal location used for monitoring WUS can vary depending on the area ID. Alternatively, this variation can be explicit or implicit and also depends on other shared UE parameters or capability information.

[0059] According to another aspect of this disclosure, the area ID information can be used to generate a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence or to select a port for the DMRS. Additionally or alternatively, scrambling of the control or data channels can be based on the area ID information.

[0060] Conditional handover (CHO) is defined as follows: a UE has a network configuration for initiating access to a target cell based on configured conditions(s). The use of conditional handover is determined by the network. The UE evaluates when the condition is valid, for example, when the signal strength of the target cell exceeds a threshold. According to another aspect of this disclosure, conditional handover can be triggered by a UE based on its own area ID and by observing other sidelink UEs that declare different / same sidelink area IDs. This information can be an indirect indication that the base station serving each neighboring UE has a better signal than the serving base station that triggered the conditional handover procedure.

[0061] According to another aspect of this disclosure, conditional handover can be triggered based on the declared area IDs of multiple other sidelink UEs within the coverage area. For example, when the signal strength of communication between a neighboring UE and a sidelink UE exceeds a suitably configured signal level threshold, it can be inferred that the signal strength between the sidelink UE and the neighboring cell base station is also good enough to guarantee cell handover. This threshold can be determined based on the signal strength between the neighboring UE and its base station and / or the signal strength received at the sidelink UE from the neighboring sidelink UE's transmissions.

[0062] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and access network 100. The wireless communication system (also known as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) includes a base station 102, a user interface unit (UE) 104, an evolved packet core (EPC) 160, and another core network 190 (e.g., a 5G core (5GC)). Base station 102 may include macrocells (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cells 102' (low-power cellular base stations). Macrocells include base stations. Small cells 102' include femtocells, picocells, and microcells.

[0063] Base station 102 configured for 4G LTE (collectively referred to as Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN)) can interface with EPC 160 via backhaul link 132 (e.g., S1 interface). Base station 102 configured for 5G NR (collectively referred to as Next Generation RAN (NG-RAN)) can interface with core network 190 via backhaul link 184. Among other functions, base station 102 can also perform one or more of the following functions: user data delivery, radio channel cryptography and cryptography decoding, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of Non-Access Stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, Radio Access Network (RAN) sharing, Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracking, RAN Information Management (RIM), paging, location, and delivery of alarm messages. Base stations 102 can communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via EPC 160 or core network 190) via backhaul link 134 (e.g., X2 interface). Backhaul link 134 can be wired or wireless.

[0064] Base station 102 can wirelessly communicate with UE 104. Each base station 102 can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographic coverage area 110. Overlapping geographic coverage areas 110 may exist. For example, small cell 102' may have a coverage area 110' that overlaps with the coverage areas 110 of one or more macro base stations 102. A network that includes both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. The heterogeneous network may also include a Home Evolved B Node (eNB) (HeNB) that can provide services to a restricted group called a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG). The communication link 120 between base station 102 and UE 104 may include uplink (UL) (also known as reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to base station 102 and / or downlink (DL) (also known as forward link) transmission from base station 102 to UE 104. The communication link 120 may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technologies, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. These communication links may use one or more carriers. For each carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation totaling up to Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction, base station 102 / UE 104 may use a spectrum with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400 MHz, etc.). These carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Carrier allocation may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to DL compared to UL). Component carriers may include primary component carriers and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as the primary cell (PCell), and the secondary component carriers may be referred to as secondary cells (SCells).

[0065] Some UEs 104 may communicate with each other using device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. D2D communication link 158 may use DL / UL WWAN spectrum. D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as the Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH), Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), and Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH). D2D communication can be achieved through a wide variety of wireless D2D communication systems, such as FlashLinQ, WiMedia, Bluetooth, ZigBee, Wi-Fi based on the IEEE 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0066] The wireless communication system may further include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 communicating with a Wi-Fi station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in the 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum. When communicating in the unlicensed spectrum, the STA 152 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) before communication to determine whether the channel is available.

[0067] Small cell 102' can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in unlicensed spectrum, small cell 102' can employ NR and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum as that used by Wi-Fi AP 150. Small cell 102' employing NR in unlicensed spectrum can enhance access network coverage and / or increase access network capacity.

[0068] Whether it's a small cell 102' or a large cell (e.g., a macro base station), base station 102 may include an eNB, a gB node (gNB), or another type of base station. Some base stations (such as gNB 180) may operate in conventional sub-6 GHz spectrum, millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies, and / or near-mmWave frequencies to communicate with UE 104. When gNB 180 operates in mmWave or near-mmWave frequencies, gNB 180 may be referred to as an mmWave base station. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is a portion of the radio frequency (RF) spectrum in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz and wavelengths between 1 mm and 10 mm. Radio waves in this band may be referred to as millimeter waves. Near-mmWave extends down to frequencies of 3 GHz and wavelengths of 100 mm. Ultra-high frequency (SHF) bands extend between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, and are also referred to as centimeter waves. Communication using mmWave / near mmWave radio frequency bands (e.g., 3 GHz–300 GHz) has extremely high path loss and short range. mmWave base station 180 can utilize beamforming 182 with UE 104 to compensate for the extremely high path loss and short range.

[0069] Base station 180 may transmit beamformed signals to UE 104 in one or more transmission directions 182'. UE 104 may receive beamformed signals from base station 180 in one or more reception directions 182'. UE 104 may also transmit beamformed signals to base station 180 in one or more transmission directions. Base station 180 may receive beamformed signals from UE 104 in one or more reception directions. Base station 180 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the optimal reception and transmission directions for each of base station 180 / UE 104. The transmission and reception directions of base station 180 may be the same or different. The transmission and reception directions of UE 104 may be the same or different.

[0070] EPC 160 may include Mobility Management Entity (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, Serving Gateway 166, Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) Gateway 168, Broadcast Multicast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and Packet Data Network (PDN) Gateway 172. MME 162 may communicate with Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. MME 162 is the control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and EPC 160. Generally, MME 162 provides bearer and connection management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are delivered through Serving Gateway 166, which is itself connected to PDN Gateway 172. PDN Gateway 172 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. PDN Gateway 172 and BM-SC 170 are connected to IP Service 176. IP Service 176 may include the Internet, intranet, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), PS streaming service, and / or other IP services. The BM-SC 170 provides functionality for MBMS user service provisioning and delivery. The BM-SC 170 can serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmissions, authorize and initiate MBMS bearer services within a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN), and schedule MBMS transmissions. The MBMS gateway 168 can be used to distribute MBMS traffic to base station 102 within a Broadcast-Specific Service Single Frequency Network (MBSFN) area, and can be responsible for session management (start / stop) and collecting eMBMS-related billing information.

[0071] The core network 190 may include Access and Mobility Management Functions (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, Session Management Functions (SMF) 194, and User Plane Functions (UPF) 195. AMF 192 may communicate with Unified Data Management (UDM) 196. AMF 192 is the control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and the core network 190. Generally, AMF 192 provides Quality of Service (QoS) streaming and session management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are delivered through UPF 195. UPF 195 provides UE IP address allocation and other functions. UPF 195 connects to IP services 197. IP services 197 may include the Internet, intranet, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), PS streaming service, and / or other IP services.

[0072] Base station 102 may also be referred to as gNB, B-node, evolved B-node (eNB), access point, base transceiver station, radio base station, radio transceiver, transceiver function, basic service set (BSS), extended service set (ESS), transmit / receive point (TRP), or any other suitable term. Base station 102 provides UE 104 with access to EPC 160 or core network 190. Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smartphones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, laptop devices, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, GPS devices, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablet devices, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electricity meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare devices, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similar functional devices. Some UE 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking timers, oil pumps, ovens, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, mobile station, subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, radio unit, remote unit, mobile device, radio device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriber station, access terminal, mobile terminal, radio terminal, remote terminal, handheld device, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable term.

[0073] Refer again Figure 1In some respects, a sidelink UE (such as UE 104) can trigger a conditional handover based on area information. UE 104 may include a triggering component 198 configured to determine whether to initiate a conditional handover. Additionally or alternatively, a base station (such as base station 102) may include an area ID component 199 configured to generate a Data Modulation Reference Signal (DMRS) sequence based on the area ID, select a port for the DMRS based on the area ID, scramble a control channel or data channel based on the area ID, or wake up a group of UEs based on the area ID.

[0074] While the following description focuses on 5G NR, it can be applied to other similar areas such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.

[0075] Figure 2A This is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of the first subframe within the 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B Figure 230 is an example illustrating the DL channel within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C This is a diagram 250 illustrating an example of the second subframe within the 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2D Figure 280 illustrates an example of the UL channel within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure can be Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), where subframes within a specific set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) are dedicated to either DL or UL; or it can be Time Division Duplex (TDD), where subframes within a specific set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth) are dedicated to both DL and UL. Figure 2A , Figure 2C In the provided example, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (mostly DL) and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 34 (mostly UL), where D is DL, U is UL, and X is available for flexible use between DL and UL. Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 34 and 28, respectively, any particular subframe can be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are all DL and all UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mixture of DL, UL, and flexible symbols. The UE is configured to have a slot format via the received Slot Format Indicator (SFI) (dynamically configured via DL Control Information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling). Note that the following description also applies to 5G NR frame structures for TDD.

[0076] Other wireless communication technologies may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10 ms) can be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1 ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. Subframes may also include mini-time slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols. Each time slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the time slot configuration. For time slot configuration 0, each time slot may include 14 symbols, while for time slot configuration 1, each time slot may include 7 symbols. Symbols on the DL can be Cyclic Prefix (CP) OFDM (CP-OFDM) symbols. Symbols on the UL can be CP-OFDM symbols (for high-throughput scenarios) or Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) Extended OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) symbols (also known as Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) symbols) (for power-constrained scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of time slots within a subframe is based on the time slot configuration and parameter design. For slot configuration 0, different parameter designs μ from 0 to 5 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 slots per subframe, respectively. For slot configuration 1, different parameter designs 0 to 2 allow 2, 4, and 8 slots per subframe, respectively. Correspondingly, for slot configuration 0 and parameter design μ, there are 14 symbols per slot and 2 symbols per subframe. μ Each time slot. The subcarrier spacing and symbol length / duration vary depending on the design parameters. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to 2. μ *15kHz, where μ is the parameter design from 0 to 5. Thus, parameter design μ=0 has a subcarrier spacing of 15kHz, while parameter design μ=5 has a subcarrier spacing of 480kHz. Symbol length / duration is inversely correlated with subcarrier spacing. Figures 2A to 2D An example of slot configuration 0 and parameter design μ=0 is provided, where each slot has 14 symbols and each subframe has 1 slot. The subcarrier spacing is 15kHz and the symbol duration is approximately 66.7μs.

[0077] The resource grid represents the frame structure. Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) extending 12 consecutive subcarriers (also known as a physical RB (PRB)). The resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0078] like Figure 2A As explained, some REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. RS may include demodulated RS (DM-RS) for channel estimation at the UE (indicated as R for a particular configuration). x (where 100x is the port number, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS). RS may also include Beam Measurement RS (BRS), Beam Refinement RS (BRRS), and Phase Tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0079] Figure 2B Examples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are explained. The Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) carries the DCI within one or more Control Channel Elements (CCEs), each CCE comprising 9 RE Groups (REGs), each REG comprising 4 consecutive REs in OFDM symbols. The Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) is located within symbol 2 of a specific subframe of the frame. The PSS is used by the UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identity. The Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS) is located within symbol 4 of a specific subframe of the frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the Physical Cell Identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the aforementioned DM-RS. The Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) carrying the Primary Information Block (MIB) can logically group together with the PSS and SSS to form a Synchronization Signal (SS) / PBCH block. The MIB provides the number of RBs in the system bandwidth and the System Frame Number (SFN). The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information (such as System Information Blocks (SIBs)) that are not transmitted through the PBCH, and paging messages.

[0080] like Figure 2C As explained, some REs carry DM-RS for channel estimation at the base station (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible). The UE can transmit DM-RS for the Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) and DM-RS for the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS can be transmitted in the first or second symbol of the PUSCH. The PUCCH DM-RS can be transmitted in different configurations depending on whether a short or long PUCCH is transmitted and on the specific PUCCH format used. Although not shown, the UE can transmit a Probe Reference Signal (SRS). The SRS can be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent scheduling on the UL.

[0081] Figure 2D Examples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are explained. The PUCCH can be located as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicators (CQI), precoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement / negative acknowledgement (ACK / NACK) feedback. The PUCCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry buffer status reports (BSR), power clearance reports (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0082] Figure 3 This is a block diagram showing the communication between base station 310 and UE 350 in the access network. In the DL, IP packets from EPC160 can be provided to controller / processor 375. Controller / processor 375 implements Layer 3 and Layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes the Radio Resource Control (RRC) layer, and Layer 2 includes the Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP) layer, Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, and Media Access Control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-Radio Access Technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration of UE measurement reports; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (cryptography, cryptographic decoding, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with upper-layer packet data unit (PDU) delivery, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel priority differentiation.

[0083] Transmit (TX) processor 316 and receive (RX) processor 370 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, including the physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channel, forward error correction (FEC) encoding / decoding of the transport channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. TX processor 316 processes the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The encoded and modulated symbols may then be split into parallel streams. Each stream may then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time and / or frequency domains, and subsequently combined using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time-domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded to generate multiple spatial streams. A channel estimate from channel estimator 374 can be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme and for spatial processing. This channel estimate can be derived from a reference signal transmitted by UE 350 and / or channel condition feedback. Each spatial stream can then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318TX. Each transmitter 318TX can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate an RF carrier for transmission.

[0084] At UE 350, each receiver 354RX receives signals via its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354RX recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides this information to the receive (RX) processor 356. The TX processor 368 and RX processor 356 implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial stream destined for UE 350. If there are multiple spatial streams destined for UE 350, they can be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356 then uses a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to transform the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain. This frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, along with the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the signal constellation points most likely to be transmitted by base station 310. These soft decisions can be based on a channel estimate calculated by channel estimator 358. These soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the original data and control signals transmitted by base station 310 over the physical channel. This data and control signals are then provided to controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0085] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program code and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, cipher decoding, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the EPC 160. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0086] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with DL transmissions performed by base station 310, controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) capture, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (cryptography, cryptographic decoding, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with upper-layer PDU delivery, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel priority differentiation.

[0087] The channel estimate derived by the channel estimator 358 from the reference signal or feedback transmitted by the base station 310 can be used by the TX processor 368 to select an appropriate coding and modulation scheme and to facilitate spatial processing. The spatial stream generated by the TX processor 368 can be provided to different antennas 352 via separate transmitters 354TX. Each transmitter 354TX can use the corresponding spatial stream to modulate an RF carrier for transmission.

[0088] UL transmissions are processed at base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver function at UE 350. Each receiver 318RX receives signals via its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318RX recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides that information to the RX processor 370.

[0089] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program code and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, cipher decoding, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the UE 350. IP packets from the controller / processor 375 may be provided to the EPC 160. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operation.

[0090] At least one of the TX processor 368, RX processor 356, and controller / processor 359 can be configured to perform and Figure 1 The trigger component 198 and / or the region ID component 199 are combined in various aspects. Additionally, at least one of the TX processor 316, RX processor 370, and controller / processor 375 can be configured to perform actions related to... Figure 1 The various aspects of the combination of trigger component 198 and / or region ID component 199.

[0091] In some aspects, base stations 102, 310 and / or UEs 104, 350 may include: means for receiving, means for decoding, means for transmitting, means for determining, means for generating, means for selecting, means for scrambling, means for comparing, and / or means for initiating. Such means may include combinations of... Figure 1 and Figure 3 One or more components of the described base stations 102, 310 and / or UEs 104, 350.

[0092] Figure 4 This is a diagram of a device-to-device (D2D) communication system 400 (including V2X communication) according to various aspects of this disclosure. For example, the D2D communication system 400 may include V2X communication (e.g., a first UE 450 communicating with a second UE 451). In some aspects, the first UE 450 and / or the second UE 451 may be configured to communicate in licensed radio frequency spectrum and / or shared radio frequency spectrum. The shared radio frequency spectrum may be unlicensed, and therefore a variety of different technologies can be used to communicate using the shared radio frequency spectrum, including New Radio (NR), LTE, Advanced LTE, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC), MuLTEFire, 4G, and so on. The foregoing list of technologies should be considered illustrative and is not intended to be exhaustive.

[0093] The D2D communication system 400 can use NR radio access technology. Of course, other radio access technologies, such as LTE radio access technology, can also be used. In D2D communication (e.g., V2X communication or vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication), UEs 450 and 451 can operate on the networks of different mobile network operators (MNOs). Each network can operate in its own radio spectrum band. For example, the air interface to the first UE 450 (e.g., the Uu interface) can be on one or more frequency bands different from the air interface to the second UE 451. The first UE 450 and the second UE 451 can communicate via sidelink component carriers (e.g., via the PC5 interface). In some examples, the MNO can schedule sidelink communication between or among UEs 450 and 451 in licensed radio spectrum and / or shared radio spectrum (e.g., the 5 GHz radio spectrum band).

[0094] The shared radio frequency spectrum may be unlicensed, and therefore different technologies can use that shared radio frequency spectrum for communication. In some respects, the MNO does not schedule D2D communication (e.g., sidelink communication) between or among UEs 450 and 451. The D2D communication system 400 may further include a third UE 452.

[0095] For example, the third UE 452 can operate on the first network 410 (e.g., the network of the first MNO) or another network. The third UE 452 can be in D2D communication with the first UE 450 and / or the second UE 451. The first base station 420 (e.g., gNB) can communicate with the third UE 452 via downlink (DL) carrier 432 and / or uplink (UL) carrier 442. DL communication can utilize various DL resources (e.g., DL subframes). Figure 2A ) and / or DL ​​channel ( Figure 2B UL communication can utilize various UL resources (e.g., UL subframes). Figure 2C ) and UL channel ( Figure 2D This is performed via UL carrier 442.

[0096] The first network 410 operates in the first spectrum and includes a first base station 420 (e.g., gNB) that communicates with at least the first UE 450, such as... Figures 1 to 3 As described. A first base station 420 (e.g., a gNB) can communicate with a first UE 450 via a DL carrier 430 and / or a UL carrier 440. DL communication can utilize various DL resources (e.g., DL subframes). Figure 2A ) and / or DL ​​channel ( Figure 2B UL communication can utilize various UL resources (e.g., UL subframes). Figure 2C ) and UL channel ( Figure 2D This is performed via UL carrier 440.

[0097] In some respects, the second UE 451 may be on a different network than the first UE 450. In some respects, the second UE 451 may be on a second network 411 (e.g., a second MNO). The second network 411 may operate in a second spectrum (e.g., a second spectrum different from the first spectrum) and may include a second base station 421 (e.g., a gNB) communicating with the second UE 451, for example, as... Figures 1 to 3 As described.

[0098] The second base station 421 can communicate with the second UE 451 via DL carrier 431 and UL carrier 441. DL communication uses various DL resources (e.g., DL subframes). Figure 2A ) and / or DL ​​channel ( Figure 2B UL communication is performed via DL carrier 431. UL communication utilizes various UL resources (e.g., UL subframes). Figure 2C ) and / or UL channel ( Figure 2D This is performed via UL carrier 441.

[0099] In a conventional system, the first base station 420 and / or the second base station 421 assign resources to the UE for device-to-device (D2D) communication (e.g., V2X and / or V2V communication). For example, the resources may be a pool of UL resources that are orthogonal (e.g., one or more FDM channels) or non-orthogonal (e.g., Code Division Multiplexing (CDM) / Resource Extended Multiple Access (RSMA) in each channel). The first base station 420 and / or the second base station 421 may configure the resources via PDCCH (e.g., the faster method) or RRC (e.g., the slower method).

[0100] In some systems, each UE 450, 451 autonomously selects resources for D2D communication. For example, each UE 450, 451 can sense and analyze channel occupancy during a sensing window. UE 450, 451 can use the sensed information to select resources from the sensing window. As discussed, one UE 451 can assist another UE 450 in performing resource selection. The assisting UE 451 may be referred to as the receiving UE or partner UE, which can potentially notify the transmitting UE 450. The transmitting UE 450 can transmit information to the receiving UE 451 via sidelink communication.

[0101] D2D communication (e.g., V2X and / or V2V communication) can be performed via one or more sidelink carriers 470, 480. The one or more sidelink carriers 470, 480 may include one or more channels, such as, for example, the Physical Sidelink Broadcast Channel (PSBCH), the Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH), the Physical Sidelink Shared Channel (PSSCH), and the Physical Sidelink Control Channel (PSCCH).

[0102] In some examples, sidelink carriers 470 and 480 can be operated using the PC5 interface. The first UE 450 can transmit via the first sidelink carrier 470 to one or more (e.g., multiple) devices, including to the second UE 451. The second UE 451 can transmit via the second sidelink carrier 480 to one or more (e.g., multiple) devices, including to the first UE 450.

[0103] In some respects, UL carrier 440 and first sidelink carrier 470 can be aggregated to increase bandwidth. In some respects, first sidelink carrier 470 and / or second sidelink carrier 480 can share a first spectrum (with first network 410) and / or share a second spectrum (with second network 411). In some respects, sidelink carriers 470, 480 can operate in unlicensed / shared radio frequency spectrum.

[0104] In some aspects, sidelink communication on a sidelink carrier can occur between a first UE 450 and a second UE 451. In one aspect, the first UE 450 can perform sidelink communication with one or more (e.g., multiple) devices, including via a first sidelink carrier 470 with the second UE 451. For example, the first UE 450 can transmit broadcast transmissions to multiple devices (e.g., the second UE 451 and the third UE 452) via the first sidelink carrier 470. The second UE 451 (e.g., among other UEs) can receive such broadcast transmissions. Additionally or alternatively, the first UE 450 can transmit multicast transmissions to multiple devices (e.g., the second UE 451 and the third UE 452) via the first sidelink carrier 470. The second UE 451 and / or the third UE 452 (e.g., among other UEs) can receive the multicast transmissions. Multicast transmissions can be connectionless or connection-oriented. Multicast transmissions can also be referred to as groupcast transmissions.

[0105] Furthermore, the first UE 450 may transmit unicast transmissions to devices such as the second UE 451 via the first sidelink carrier 470. The second UE 451 (e.g., among other UEs) may receive such unicast transmissions. Additionally or alternatively, the second UE 451 may perform sidelink communication with one or more (e.g., multiple) devices including the first UE 450 via the second sidelink carrier 480. For example, the second UE 451 may transmit broadcast transmissions to multiple devices via the second sidelink carrier 480. The first UE 450 (e.g., among other UEs) may receive such broadcast transmissions.

[0106] In another example, the second UE 451 can transmit multicast transmissions to multiple devices (e.g., the first UE 450 and the third UE 452) via the second sidelink carrier 480. The first UE 450 and / or the third UE 452 (e.g., among other UEs) can receive the multicast transmissions. Furthermore, the second UE 451 can transmit unicast transmissions to devices such as the first UE 450 via the second sidelink carrier 480. The first UE 450 (e.g., among other UEs) can receive such unicast transmissions. The third UE 452 can communicate in a similar manner.

[0107] In some aspects, for example, such sidelink communication on a sidelink carrier between the first UE 450 and the second UE 451 can occur without the MNO allocating resources (e.g., one or more portions of resource blocks (RBs), time slots, frequency bands, and / or channels associated with sidelink carriers 470, 480) and / or scheduling such communication. Sidelink communication can include traffic communication (e.g., data communication, control communication, paging communication, and / or system information communication). Furthermore, sidelink communication can include sidelink feedback communication associated with traffic communication (e.g., transmission of feedback information for previously received traffic communication). Sidelink communication can employ at least one sidelink communication structure having at least one feedback symbol. The feedback symbol of the sidelink communication structure can be assigned to any sidelink feedback information that can be communicated between devices (e.g., the first UE 450, the second UE 451, and / or the third UE 452) in the device-to-device (D2D) communication system 400. As discussed, the UE can be a vehicle (e.g., UE 450, 451), a mobile device (e.g., 452), or another type of device. In some cases, the UE can be a special type of UE, such as a roadside unit (RSU).

[0108] Figure 5 Examples of a V2X system 500 with an RSU 510 according to various aspects of this disclosure are explained. For example... Figure 5As shown, the transmitting UE 504 transmits data to the RSU 510 and the receiving UE 502 via sidelink transmission 512. Alternatively, the RSU 510 may transmit data to the transmitting UE 504 via sidelink transmission 512. The RSU 510 may forward data received from the transmitting UE 504 to the cellular network (e.g., gNB) 508 via UL transmission 514. The gNB 508 may transmit data received from the RSU 510 to other UEs 506 via DL transmission 516. The RSU 510 may be incorporated into traffic infrastructure (e.g., traffic lights, light poles, etc.). For example, as... Figure 5 As shown, RSU 510 is a traffic light located on one side of road 520. RSU 510 may be a self-contained unit, either additionally or as an alternative.

[0109] Millimeter-wave (mmWave) systems in 5G New Radio (5G NR) encompass both relay and sidelink protocols. Generally, relay protocols have been studied for systems such as sub-6 GHz, 4G, LTE, device-to-device (D2D), and vehicle-to-everything (V2X). Compared to sub-6 GHz relay, mmWave presents several challenges, including more antenna elements, directional beamforming, power constraints, thermal constraints, and maximum permissible exposure (MPE) constraints. Although this disclosure is primarily described in relation to mmWave, it is also applicable to other systems, such as sub-6 GHz 5G-NR and LTE.

[0110] As described above, a region ID is a concept based on the geographic / physical location of the UE in sidelink communication. Various aspects of this disclosure pertain to methods for utilizing the UE's region ID in physical layer (PHY) protocol designs (such as, for example, designs using mmWave communication).

[0111] Some aspects considered include group wake-up signals (WUS) for UE nodes in frequency bands such as mmWave (e.g., frequency range 2 (FR2) or frequency range 4 (FR4)). More specifically, aspects of this disclosure relate to communicating area ID information to a base station or network for WUS parameter design.

[0112] Wake-up signals help conserve power. Power usage is particularly challenging in systems such as mmWave. To conserve power, the UE can enter a connected-mode discontinuous receive loop (CDRX). The UE should wake up when data is available for communication with it. Therefore, the UE periodically wakes up from sleep and listens for the WUS. If the UE does not receive a WUS indicating data availability, it returns to sleep mode. If the UE receives a WUS, it suspends its sleep loop and monitors control / data signals.

[0113] If UEs wake up at different times, it may be difficult to establish sidelinks between these UEs. According to various aspects of this disclosure, the base station or network cyclically aligns the sleep / wake cycles of UEs that are close to each other. The area ID can facilitate this alignment. Therefore, UEs that are close to each other can establish good-quality sidelinks between them.

[0114] Figure 6 This is an illustration of user equipment (UE) within a coverage area 600 of a base station according to various aspects of this disclosure. Coverage area 600 includes a central base station / 5th generation B-node (gNB) base station 602 and multiple UEs 604a-g. Despite the following description and... Figure 6 Regarding individual UEs connected to a single base station, however, some of these UEs may be connected to a different base station (not shown). Figure 6 In this scenario, all UEs 604a-g in the cell are connected to base station 602. While base station 602 knows the identifier of each UE 604a-g (e.g., Cellular Radio Network Temporary Identifier (C-RNTI), SAI Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity (S-TMSI), or Temporary Identifier (TIN)) and their approximate location, these UEs are unaware of the presence of neighboring UEs until they autonomously discover each other or are notified of their neighboring UEs' presence by base station 602. In the autonomous discovery scenario, some UEs 604a-g can perform beam scanning and (while other UEs are listening) learn of each other's presence. For both autonomous discovery and network-based discovery, UEs should be awake at the same time to establish communication with each other. Therefore, in Figure 6 In this context, although UE1 604a and UE2 604b are close to each other, they may not be aware of each other's existence. Similarly, UE3 604c may not be aware of its neighbors UE4 604d and UE5 604e, while UE6 604f may not be aware of its neighbor UE7 604g. Figure 6 In the middle, UE1 604a is attempting to establish a side link with UE2 604b.

[0115] Sidelink region IDs divide the Earth into small grids indexed by an N-bit index, which cycles through some regions. The distance between sidelink UEs can be inferred from their corresponding region IDs. UEs in different regions may be geographically far apart. UEs in the same region are geographically close. For example, let UE... A and UE B Within the same area. If the area width is equal to 500 meters (m), then between UEs (UE... A To UE BThe maximum interval distance is 500m. If the UE A and UE B If they are four regions apart, then the UEs (UEs) A To UE B The maximum interval distance is 2000m.

[0116] According to one aspect of this disclosure, multiple UEs within the same area ID (or geographically close UEs) can be woken up in the same time interval to assist them in discovering each other. UEs in contiguous areas may be geographically close to each other. Therefore, instead of generating a separate WUS parameter for each area ID, WUS parameters for geographically adjacent UEs can be clustered together. UEs will wake up and go to sleep simultaneously, thereby increasing the probability of establishing sidelinks between them. The base station can know whether UEs are close to each other from the coarse location information reported by the UEs.

[0117] To achieve alignment, the group WUS parameters used by the base station / network can vary depending on the region ID of each UE. WUS has several parameters, such as the waveform to be used, code parameters used to generate the waveform, etc. Any of these WUS parameters can be based on the region ID.

[0118] Figure 7 This is a diagram illustrating the user equipment (UE) area according to various aspects of this disclosure. The base station coverage area 700 includes a base station (e.g., a gNB) 702 and three distinct area IDs 704a-c. Figure 7 In this context, UE1 706a and UE2 706b share the same region ID 704a (e.g., region ID 1) and therefore have the same wake-up signal (e.g., WUS 1). Similarly, UE3 706c, UE4 706d, and UE5 706e share the same region ID 704b (e.g., region ID 2) and the same wake-up signal (e.g., WUS 2). UE6 706f and UE7 706g are close to each other and correspondingly share the same region ID 704c (e.g., region ID 3) and wake-up signal (e.g., WUS 3). Although... Figure 7 It is shown that all UEs 706a-g communicate with a single base station (e.g., gNB) 702 using the same cell, but any of these UEs 706a-g can communicate with a different base station (not shown). Furthermore, although... Figure 7 While not explicitly described, neighboring UEs in different regions may have the same WUS. For example, UE2 706b and UE3 706c may have the same WUS.

[0119] As indicated above, Figures 6 to 7 This is provided as an example. Other examples may differ from the one provided. Figures 6 to 7 The content described.

[0120] According to various aspects of this disclosure, the base station conveys area ID information to the UE within the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) payload. Alternatively, the area ID can be used to scramble a portion of a Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) code. For example, a CRC mask can be generated from the area ID.

[0121] According to various aspects of this disclosure, base stations and UEs use area ID information to determine WUS parameters in multiple ways. For example, the search space and temporal location used to monitor WUS can be dependent on the area ID. Alternatively, this dependency can be explicit or implicit and also depends on other common UE parameters (such as power, thermal, or exposure parameters) or capability information (such as the number of UERF chains or UE processing capabilities). For example, if the UE does not want to establish sidelinks, this information can be incorporated into WUS generation.

[0122] According to another aspect of this disclosure, area ID information can be used to generate a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence or to select a port for the DMRS. Additionally or alternatively, scrambling of control or data channels can be based on area ID information. For example, certain frequencies may only be available at specific locations (e.g., specific area IDs).

[0123] Conditional handover (CHO) is defined as follows: A UE has a network configuration for initiating access to a target cell based on specific configured conditions. The use of conditional handover is determined by the network. The UE evaluates when the condition is valid, for example, when the signal strength of the target cell (e.g., Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP)) exceeds a threshold.

[0124] According to another aspect of this disclosure, conditional handover can be triggered by a UE based on its own area ID and by observing other sidelink UEs that advertise a different sidelink area ID. These other sidelink UEs are in different cells, which can be an indirect indication that the base station serving each neighboring UE has a better signal than the serving base station. Accordingly, the UE can trigger a conditional handover procedure. While a comparison with a single neighboring UE may be sufficient to trigger a conditional handover, a comparison with multiple neighboring UEs with different area IDs can provide a better indication of when to trigger the conditional handover.

[0125] According to another aspect of this disclosure, conditional handover can be triggered based on the declared area IDs of multiple other sidelink UEs within the coverage area. For example, this could be an indirect indication that cell handover might be helpful when the signal strength of communication between a neighboring UE and a sidelink UE exceeds a threshold. This threshold can be determined based on the signal strength between the neighboring UE and its base station and / or the signal strength received at the sidelink UE from the neighboring sidelink UE.

[0126] Figure 8 This is a flowchart 800 illustrating the use of a region ID in conjunction with a group wake-up signal (WUS) and conditional handover (CHO) according to various aspects of this disclosure. Flowchart 800 begins in block 802 with the UE (such as...) Figure 7 When one of the UEs (UEs 706a-g) wakes up from hibernation and listens for a wake-up signal, in box 804, it is determined whether a wake-up signal (WUS) has been received. If the WUS has not been received, then in box 806, the UE returns to hibernation mode.

[0127] If a wake-up signal is received, then in block 808, the UE suspends its sleep cycle and monitors the control / data signals in block 808. The control and data signals can be from... Figure 7 The base station 702 receives the control and data signals, which may include the area ID as part of the PDCCH payload.

[0128] At this point, UE 706c can observe the area ID declared by other sidelink UEs 706d and 706e. If the observed area ID is different from UE 706c's area ID, UE 706c can be a candidate for conditional handover (CHO). This information can be an indirect indication that the gNB serving the other sidelink UEs 706d and 706e has a better signal than the serving gNB, thus triggering the CHO procedure. In block 810, UE 706c assesses whether a CHO should occur based on whether its area ID is different from the area ID observed from other UEs 706d and 706e. If a conditional handover is not required, no change occurs in block 812. However, if a conditional handover is required, the CHO is performed in block 814. UE 706c can be added to a group WUS associated with other UEs 706d and 706e. UEs added to a group WUS will subsequently wake up along with the other UEs in that group.

[0129] Figure 9 This is a diagram illustrating, for example, an example process 900 performed by a user equipment (UE) according to various aspects of this disclosure. Example process 900 is an example use of a region ID for radio sidelink communication. Figure 9As shown, in some aspects, process 900 may include receiving a group wake-up signal (WUS) from a base station (block 902). For example, a UE (e.g., using antenna 352, RX / TX 354, RX processor 356, controller / processor 359, and / or memory 360) receives the group wake-up signal (WUS). Process 900 may also include decoding the group WUS based on the area ID information of the sidelink UE (block 904). For example, a UE (e.g., using antenna 352, RX / TX 354, RX processor 356, controller / processor 359, and / or memory 360) may decode the group WUS.

[0130] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating, for example, an example process 1000 performed by a base station according to various aspects of this disclosure. Example process 1000 is an example use of a region ID for wireless sidelink communication. Figure 10 As shown, in some aspects, process 1000 may include generating a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence based on the area ID of the sidelink user equipment (UE) (block 1020). For example, a base station (e.g., using controller / processor 375 and / or memory 376) may generate the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) sequence. Process 1000 may also include transmitting the DMRS sequence to the sidelink UE (block 1004). For example, a base station (e.g., using antenna 320, TX / RX 318, TX processor 316, controller / processor 375, and / or memory 376) may transmit the DMRS sequence to the sidelink UE.

[0131] Figure 11 This is a diagram illustrating, for example, an example process 1100 performed by a base station according to various aspects of this disclosure. Example process 1100 is an example use of a region ID for wireless sidelink communication. Figure 11 As shown, in some aspects, process 1100 may include selecting a port for demodulation reference signal (DMRS) based on the area ID of the sidelink user equipment (UE) (block 1102). For example, a base station (e.g., using controller / processor 375 and / or memory 376) may select a port for demodulation reference signal (DMRS). Process 1100 may also include transmitting the DMRS using that port (block 1104). For example, a base station (e.g., using antenna 320, TX / RX 318, TX processor 316, controller / processor 375, and / or memory 376) may use that port to transmit the DMRS.

[0132] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating, for example, an example process 1200 performed by a base station according to various aspects of this disclosure. Example process 1200 is an example use of a region ID for wireless sidelink communication. Figure 12 As shown, in some aspects, process 1200 may include scrambling a control channel or data channel based on the area ID of the sidelink user equipment (UE) (block 1202). For example, a base station (e.g., using a controller / processor 375 and / or memory 376) may scramble the control channel or data channel based on the area ID of the sidelink UE. Process 1200 may also include transmitting the control channel or data channel to the sidelink UE (block 1204). For example, a base station (e.g., using an antenna 320, TX / RX 318, TX processor 316, controller / processor 375, and / or memory 376) may transmit the control channel or data channel to the sidelink UE.

[0133] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating, for example, an example process 1300 performed by a user equipment (UE) according to various aspects of this disclosure. Example process 1300 is an example use of a region ID for radio sidelink communication. Figure 13 As shown, in some aspects, process 1300 may include comparing the area ID of the sidelink UE with the area ID of a neighboring UE (block 1302). For example, user equipment (e.g., using antenna 352, RX / TX 354, RX processor 356, TX processor 368, controller / processor 359, and / or memory 360) may compare the area ID of the sidelink UE. Process 1300 may also include initiating a conditional handover to another cell when the area ID of the sidelink UE is different from the area ID of the neighboring UE (block 1304). For example, the UE (e.g., using antenna 352, RX / TX 354, RX processor 356, TX processor 368, controller / processor 359, and / or memory 360) may initiate a conditional handover to another cell.

[0134] Examples of implementations are described in the following numbered clauses.

[0135] 1. A method for wireless communication by a sidelink user equipment (UE), comprising:

[0136] Receive the Wake-up Group (WUS) signal from the base station; and

[0137] The WUS group is decoded based on the area identifier (ID) information of the sidelink UE.

[0138] 2. The method of Clause 1 further includes receiving the area ID information in the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) payload.

[0139] 3. The method of Clause 1 or 2 further includes receiving the region ID information by descrambling a portion of the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code with the region ID information.

[0140] 4. The method as described in any of the preceding clauses further includes receiving the group WUS based on the search space and temporal location dependent on the region ID information.

[0141] 5. The method as described in any of the preceding clauses, wherein the area ID information includes the area ID from the adjacent area.

[0142] 6. The method of any of the preceding clauses, wherein the sidelink UE is within the coverage of a different cell than another sidelink UE receiving the group of WUS.

[0143] 7. The method as described in any of the preceding clauses further includes decoding the group of WUS based on shared UE parameters in addition to the area ID information.

[0144] 8. A method for wireless communication via a base station, comprising:

[0145] The area identifier (ID) of the sidelink user equipment (UE) is applied to at least one of the following: selecting the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) port, generating the DMRS sequence, or scrambling operation; and

[0146] The system communicates with the UE on the side link based on the region ID.

[0147] 9. The method of Clause 8, wherein the scrambling operation includes scrambling the data channel based on the region ID.

[0148] 10. The method of Clause 8 or 9, wherein the scrambling operation includes scrambling the control channel based on the region ID.

[0149] 11. A method for wireless communication by a sidelink user equipment (UE), comprising:

[0150] Compare the area identifier (ID) of the sidelink UE with the area ID of the neighboring UE; and

[0151] When the area ID of the UE on the side link is different from the area ID of the neighboring UE, a conditional handover to a different cell is initiated.

[0152] 12. The method of Clause 11 further includes: initiating the conditional handover when the signal strength of the communication between the neighbor UE and the sidelink UE is greater than a threshold.

[0153] 13. The method of any of Clauses 11 or 12 further includes: initiating the conditional handover when the signal strength of the neighboring UE is greater than a threshold.

[0154] 14. An apparatus for conducting wireless communication at a sidelink user equipment (UE), comprising:

[0155] processor;

[0156] The memory coupled to the processor; and

[0157] Instructions, which are stored in the memory and, when executed by the processor, can operate to cause the device to:

[0158] Receive the Wake-up Group (WUS) signal from the base station; and

[0159] The WUS group is decoded based on the area identifier (ID) information of the sidelink UE.

[0160] 15. The device as described in Clause 14, wherein the processor causes the device to receive the area ID information in the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) payload.

[0161] 16. The device as described in Clause 14 or 15, wherein the processor causes the device to receive the region ID information by descrambling a portion of the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code with the region ID information.

[0162] 17. The device of any of clauses 14-16, wherein the processor causes the device to receive the group WUS based on the search space and temporal location dependent on the region ID information.

[0163] 18. The device as described in any of Clauses 14-17, wherein the area ID information includes an area ID from an adjacent area.

[0164] 19. The device of any of clauses 14-18, wherein the sidelink UE is within the coverage of a different cell than another sidelink UE receiving the group of WUS.

[0165] 20. The device of any of clauses 14-19, wherein the processor causes the device to decode the group of WUS based on common UE parameters in addition to the area ID information.

[0166] 21. An apparatus for wireless communication by a sidelink user equipment (UE), comprising:

[0167] processor;

[0168] The memory coupled to the processor; and

[0169] Instructions, which are stored in the memory and, when executed by the processor, can operate to cause the device to:

[0170] Compare the area identifier (ID) of the sidelink UE with the area ID of the neighboring UE; and

[0171] When the area ID of the UE on the side link is different from the area ID of the neighboring UE, a conditional handover to a different cell is initiated.

[0172] 22. The device as described in Clause 21, wherein the processor causes the device to initiate the conditional handover when the signal strength of the communication between the neighbor UE and the sidelink UE is greater than a threshold.

[0173] 23. The device as described in Clause 21 or 22, wherein the processor causes the device to initiate the conditional handover when the signal strength of the neighboring UE is greater than a threshold.

[0174] The foregoing disclosure provides explanations and descriptions, but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the aspects to the precise forms disclosed. Modifications and variations may be made in light of the foregoing disclosure or may be obtained through practice.

[0175] As used herein, the term "component" is intended to be interpreted broadly as hardware, firmware, and / or a combination of hardware and software. As used herein, a processor is implemented using hardware, firmware, and / or a combination of hardware and software.

[0176] Some aspects are described in conjunction with thresholds. As used, satisfying a threshold can refer to a value greater than the threshold, greater than or equal to the threshold, less than the threshold, less than or equal to the threshold, equal to the threshold, not equal to the threshold, etc., depending on the context.

[0177] It will be apparent that the described systems and / or methods can be implemented in various forms, including hardware, firmware, and / or combinations of hardware and software. The actual dedicated control hardware or software code used to implement these systems and / or methods is not limited in any aspect. Thus, the operation and behavior of these systems and / or methods are described without reference to any specific software code—it is understood that software and hardware can be designed to implement these systems and / or methods, at least in part, based on the description herein.

[0178] Although specific combinations of features are described in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification, these combinations are not intended to limit the disclosure of aspects. In fact, many of these features can be combined in ways not specifically described in the claims and / or disclosed in the specification. Although each dependent claim listed below may be directly subordinated to only one claim, the disclosure of aspects includes each dependent claim being combined with each other claim in this set of claims. The phrase “at least one of” refers to any combination of these items, including single members. As an example, “at least one of a, b, or c” is intended to cover: a, b, c, ab, ac, bc, and abc, as well as any combination having multiple identical elements (e.g., aa, aaa, aab, aac, abb, acc, bb, bbb, bbc, cc, and ccc, or any other ordering of a, b, and c).

[0179] The elements, actions, or instructions used should not be interpreted as critical or necessary unless explicitly stated otherwise. Furthermore, as used, the articles “a” and “a certain” are intended to include one or more items and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” Additionally, as used, the terms “set” and “group” are intended to include one or more items (e.g., related items, unrelated items, combinations of related and unrelated items, etc.) and may be used interchangeably with “one or more.” In cases where only one item is intended, the phrase “only one” or similar language is used. Moreover, as used, the terms “have,” “contain,” “include,” etc., are intended to be open-ended terms. Furthermore, the phrase “based on” is intended to mean “at least partially based on” unless otherwise explicitly stated.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication by a sidelink user equipment (UE), comprising: Receive Wake-up Signal (WUS) from network entities; The group WUS is decoded based on group WUS parameters, which vary with the physical location-based area identifier (ID) information of the sidelink UE to align sleep and / or wake-up cycles with nearby UEs having the same area ID information. The group WUS parameters include search space and temporal location for monitoring the group WUS, which vary with the physical location-based area ID information of the sidelink UE. It communicates with the UE on the other side link via side link communication.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving the area ID information in the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) payload.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving the region ID information by descrambling a portion of the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code with the region ID information.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving the group WUS in the search space and time location used for monitoring the group WUS.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein, The region ID information includes region IDs from adjacent regions.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein, The sidelink UE is located within the coverage of a different cell than another sidelink UE that receives the group WUS.

7. The method of claim 1, further comprising decoding the group WUS based on shared UE parameters in addition to the region ID information.

8. An apparatus for performing wireless communication at a sidelink user equipment (UE), comprising: processor; Memory coupled to the processor; as well as Instructions, which are stored in the memory and, when executed by the processor, are operable to cause the device to: Receive Wake-up Signal (WUS) from network entities; as well as The group WUS is decoded based on group WUS parameters, which vary with the physical location-based area identifier (ID) information of the sidelink UE to align sleep and / or wake-up cycles with nearby UEs having the same area ID information. The group WUS parameters include search space and temporal location for monitoring the group WUS, which vary with the physical location-based area ID information of the sidelink UE. It communicates with the UE on the other side link via side link communication.

9. The device as claimed in claim 8, wherein, The processor enables the device to receive the area ID information in the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) payload.

10. The device as claimed in claim 8, wherein, The processor enables the device to receive the region ID information by descrambling a portion of the cyclic redundancy check (CRC) code using the region ID information.

11. The device as claimed in claim 8, wherein, The processor enables the device to receive the group WUS in the search space and time location used for monitoring the group WUS.

12. The device as claimed in claim 8, wherein, The region ID information includes region IDs from adjacent regions.

13. The device as claimed in claim 8, wherein, The sidelink UE is located within the coverage of a different cell than another sidelink UE that receives the group WUS.

14. The device as claimed in claim 8, wherein, The processor enables the device to decode the group WUS based not only on the region ID information but also on shared UE parameters.

Images