A waste lithium ion battery cell unwinding and classifying device

Abstract

The application relates to a waste and old lithium ion battery cell unwinding and classifying equipment, which comprises a rack and a controller, the rack is respectively provided with a flattening mechanism, a laminated cell sorting mechanism and a wound cell sorting mechanism; the flattening mechanism is used for unwinding and flattening of a cell roll and comprises a pole piece guide groove, a conveying mechanism, a sliding plate, an electromagnetic clamping mechanism and a flattening stopper; the laminated cell sorting mechanism is used for classification and collection of laminated cell sheet materials and comprises a workbench, a driving motor, a push-pull cylinder, a fixed rubber roller, a movable scraper, a movable rubber roller and a fixed scraper; the wound cell sorting mechanism is used for classification and collection of wound cell layered materials and comprises a stand, a cross beam, a walking positioning mechanism, an electrostatic chuck lifting mechanism, an electrostatic chuck and a plurality of diaphragm cell collecting mechanisms. The application solves the problems of long time consumption and high cost of manual unwinding in the recycling process of a large number of waste and old lithium ion batteries by automatically unwinding and classifying and collecting the battery cells.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of battery recycling technology, and in particular to a device for unwinding and sorting waste lithium-ion battery cells. Background Technology

[0002] With the rapid increase in the use of new energy vehicles, the amount of scrapped power lithium batteries will increase year by year. If waste power lithium batteries are not disposed of properly, the organic matter and precious metals they contain will harm the environment. On the other hand, aluminum foil and lithium iron phosphate in the positive electrode of waste power batteries, and copper foil in the negative electrode have extremely high recycling value.

[0003] Currently, the widely used technology in the battery recycling industry involves the overall crushing of waste lithium batteries followed by sorting and recycling. However, this method involves a secondary mixing of the positive and negative electrode materials, which reduces product purity and increases recycling costs. Therefore, a method that involves decasing, unwinding, and separate recycling of the positive and negative electrode sheets offers better recycling results and application prospects. However, the unwinding process currently relies on manual unwinding, which is not only costly and inefficient but also harmful to worker health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a device for unwinding and sorting waste lithium-ion battery cells to solve the above problems and achieve automated unwinding and sorting collection of the cells. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a waste lithium-ion battery cell unwinding and sorting device. In order to solve the problem of long time and high cost of manual unwinding in the process of recycling large quantities of waste lithium-ion batteries, an automated unwinding method is adopted to greatly improve the efficiency of unwinding and at the same time realize the classified collection of different materials.

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, one technical solution adopted by the present invention is: providing

[0006] A waste lithium-ion battery cell unwinding and sorting device includes a frame and a controller. The frame is respectively equipped with a flattening mechanism, a stacked cell sorting mechanism and a winding cell sorting mechanism.

[0007] The flattening mechanism is used for unwinding and flattening the battery cell coil. It includes an electrode guide groove on the top surface of the frame and a conveying mechanism on the top surface of the frame with a transmission direction parallel to the electrode guide groove. The conveying execution end of the conveying mechanism is fixedly connected to a slide plate. An electromagnetic clamping mechanism located directly above the electrode guide groove is fixedly installed on the slide plate. A flattening stop block located on one side of the electromagnetic clamping mechanism is fixedly installed on the top of the electrode guide groove.

[0008] The stacked battery cell sorting mechanism is used for the classification and collection of stacked battery cell shaped materials. It includes a worktable fixedly connected to the top and bottom surfaces of the frame, a drive motor fixedly installed on the top surface of the worktable, and a push-pull cylinder located on one side of the drive motor. The output shaft end of the drive motor is fixedly connected to a fixed rubber roller rotatably installed on the worktable. The output shaft end of the push-pull cylinder is fixedly connected to a movable scraper slidably installed on the worktable. The movable scraper is rotatably installed with a movable rubber roller that matches and rolls against the fixed rubber roller on the side of the movable scraper close to the fixed rubber roller. The fixed rubber roller is fixedly provided with a fixed scraper that matches and opens and closes with the movable scraper on the side of the fixed rubber roller away from the movable scraper.

[0009] The winding cell sorting mechanism is used for classifying and collecting winding cell layer materials. It includes a column fixedly installed on one side of the top surface of the frame, a horizontal beam fixedly connected to the top of the column, and a walking positioning mechanism fixedly installed on the horizontal beam. An electrostatic chuck lifting mechanism located below the horizontal beam is fixedly connected to the walking positioning mechanism. An electrostatic chuck is fixedly installed at the power output end of the electrostatic chuck lifting mechanism. Multiple sets of diaphragm cell collecting mechanisms distributed along the length of the horizontal beam are fixedly installed on the other side of the top surface of the frame.

[0010] Furthermore, a first guide rail is fixedly provided on the top surface of the frame, located on the side of the electrode guide groove away from the conveying mechanism and parallel to the electrode guide groove. The end of the slide plate away from the conveying mechanism is slidably connected to the first guide rail. A first limit switch and a second limit switch electrically connected to the power control terminal of the conveying mechanism are respectively provided at both ends of the first guide rail.

[0011] Furthermore, the electromagnetic clamping mechanism includes a base plate fixedly connected to the bottom of the slide plate, a fixed plate located below the base plate, and an electromagnetic coil fixedly disposed between the base plate and the fixed plate. A magnetic column is movably inserted into the bottom center of the electromagnetic coil, and a movable plate is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the magnetic column. The fixed plate and the movable plate are connected by a spring. An upper clamping jaw is fixedly disposed on one side of the fixed plate, located directly above the electrode guide groove, and a lower clamping jaw is fixedly disposed on one side of the movable plate, located directly below the upper clamping jaw.

[0012] Furthermore, the electrode guide groove is provided with a first through hole corresponding to the clamping position of the electromagnetic clamping mechanism and a second through hole corresponding to the release position of the electromagnetic clamping mechanism.

[0013] Furthermore, a slide rail is provided on the top surface of the workbench, and the movable scraper and / or movable rubber roller are fixedly installed on the slide rail.

[0014] Furthermore, a drive gear is fixedly connected to the shaft diameter of the fixed rubber roller, and a driven gear that meshes with the drive gear is fixedly connected to the shaft diameter of the movable rubber roller.

[0015] Furthermore, when the movable rubber roller rolls against the fixed rubber roller, the reserved gap between the tops of the movable scraper and the fixed scraper only allows the diaphragm in the cell material layer to pass through.

[0016] Furthermore, the workbench is provided with a first collection groove located outside the movable scraper, a second collection groove located between the movable scraper and the fixed scraper, and a third collection groove located outside the fixed scraper.

[0017] Furthermore, the electrostatic chuck lifting mechanism includes a movable top plate, a lifting cylinder fixedly installed on one side of the bottom surface of the movable top plate, and a lifting platform fixedly installed at the bottom output shaft end of the lifting cylinder. An opening is provided on one side of the bottom surface of the lifting platform, and a pipe insertion port is vertically provided at the top of the opening. The electrostatic chuck is fixedly installed at the bottom edge of the opening.

[0018] Furthermore, the diaphragm cell collection mechanism includes a blower and a negative pressure pipe respectively fixedly installed on the top surface of the frame. The air outlet of the blower is connected to the bottom of the discharge end side wall of the negative pressure pipe. The inlet of the negative pressure pipe on the side away from the blower is vertically downward and positioned above the insertion pipe. The insertion pipe can be sequentially positioned directly below each vertical inlet and can be movably inserted into the vertical inlet. A collection box is provided below the discharge end of the negative pressure pipe.

[0019] Furthermore, the discharge end of the negative pressure pipe is provided with a sheet metal structure, the sheet metal structure having an annular cavity that communicates with the air outlet of the blower, and a guide channel from top to bottom is provided on the inner side of the top of the annular cavity.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0021] (1) The device proposed in this invention can fully automate the unwinding step, saving time and labor costs and effectively reducing the toxicity of waste battery materials to the human body.

[0022] (2) This invention can be used for both unwinding and sorting of stacked cells and wound cells. The two sorting mechanisms are used in conjunction with the unwinding mechanism, which has a wide range of applications and a high degree of integration.

[0023] (3) The entire process of this invention uses physical methods, which have the advantages of low cost and less environmental pollution compared with the mainstream chemical recycling methods; compared with the physical sorting method of overall crushing, it has the advantage of high purity of recycled products.

[0024] (4) The two cell unwinding and sorting methods proposed in this invention can greatly simplify the subsequent recycling process and improve the economic benefits of the lithium-ion battery recycling industry compared with traditional methods. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is one of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a second three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is the third three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 This is the fourth three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the flattening mechanism;

[0030] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram of section A in the middle;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the flattening block;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the electromagnetic clamping mechanism.

[0033] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the position of the stacked battery cell sorting mechanism on the frame;

[0034] Figure 10 This is one of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the stacked cell sorting mechanism;

[0035] Figure 11 This is the second three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the stacked cell sorting mechanism;

[0036] Figure 12 This is one of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the winding cell sorting mechanism;

[0037] Figure 13 This is the second three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the winding cell sorting mechanism;

[0038] Figure 14 This is the third three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the wound cell sorting mechanism;

[0039] Figure 15 This is one of the three-dimensional structural schematic diagrams of the electrostatic chuck lifting mechanism;

[0040] Figure 16 This is the second three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the electrostatic chuck lifting mechanism;

[0041] Figure 17 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the diaphragm cell collection mechanism;

[0042] Figure 18 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the sheet metal structure.

[0043] The components include: 1. Flattening mechanism; 11. Electrode guide groove; 12. Electromagnetic clamping mechanism; 121. Base plate; 122. Fixed plate; 123. Electromagnetic coil; 124. Magnetic column; 125. Movable plate; 126. Spring; 127. Upper gripper; 128. Lower gripper; 129. First guide post; 13. Conveying mechanism; 131. First servo motor; 132. First conveyor belt; 14. Slide plate; 15. Flattening stop; 16. First guide rail; 17. First limit switch; 18. Second limit switch; 2. Stacked cell sorting mechanism; 21. Worktable; 22. Drive motor; 23. Push-pull cylinder; 24. Moving scraper; 25. Moving rubber roller; 26. Fixed scraper; 27. Drive gear; 28. Driven gear; 29. ​​Fixed... 210 Fixed rubber roller, 211 First collection trough, 211 Second collection trough, 212 Third collection trough, 213 Steel connecting piece, 3 Winding-type battery cell sorting mechanism, 31 Column, 32 Crossbeam, 33 Walking positioning mechanism, 331 Second servo motor, 332 Reducer, 333 Second conveyor belt, 334 Second guide rail, 34 Electrostatic chuck lifting mechanism, 341 Moving top plate, 342 Lifting cylinder, 343 Lifting platform, 344 Insertion pipe port, 345 Second guide column, 35 Electrostatic chuck, 36 Diaphragm battery cell collection mechanism, 361 Blower, 362 Negative pressure pipeline, 363 Collection box, 364 Sheet metal structure, 365 Sealing plate, 366 Placement rack, 4 Frame. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more definite definition of the scope of protection of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0045] It should be noted that when a component is said to be "installed on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or it may be in a component that is centered on it. When a component is said to be "set on" another component, it can be directly set on the other component or it may also be in a component that is centered on it. When a component is said to be "fixed to" another component, it can be directly fixed to the other component or it may also be in a component that is centered on it.

[0046] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used herein in the specification of this invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "or / and" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0047] Please see Figures 1 to 18 A dewinding and sorting device for waste lithium-ion battery cells includes a frame 4 and a controller (not shown in the figure). The frame 4 is a frame structure welded from structural steel. A worktable is provided on the top of the frame through any mechanical fixing method such as bolts or welding, for the dewinding and sorting of battery cells. This device only involves the logic control of the mechanical movement of servo motors and cylinders. Therefore, a general electrical equipment control system is selected for the controller, and the corresponding control program is preset in the control system. Its structural composition and working principle are existing technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0048] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, the frame 4 is equipped with a flattening mechanism 1, a stacked cell sorting mechanism 2, and a winding cell sorting mechanism 3. The following sections will detail the specific structures and working principles of the flattening mechanism 1, the stacked cell sorting mechanism 2, and the winding cell sorting mechanism 3, respectively, using the unwinding and sorting processes of both wound and stacked battery cells as examples.

[0049] Flattening mechanism 1 is used for unwinding and flattening the battery cell coil, such as... Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, the flattening mechanism 1 includes an electrode guide groove 11 disposed on the top surface of the frame 4 (its top worktable surface) and a conveying mechanism 13 disposed on the top surface of the frame 4 and whose transmission direction is parallel to the electrode guide groove 11. The guide groove 11 is along the length direction of the frame 4 (e.g., along the length direction of the frame 4). Figure 1 As shown in the left and right directions, the width and depth of the guide groove 11 are set according to the overall length and thickness of the battery cell. When the winding axis of the wound battery cell or the folding line of the stacked battery cell is perpendicular to the length direction of the guide groove 11 and placed in the guide groove 11, it is advisable that the battery cell can be easily put in and can be basically completely located in the guide groove 11, so that the battery cell can only rotate in the guide groove 11 during the subsequent unwinding process and will not come out of the guide groove 11.

[0050] In this embodiment, the conveying mechanism 13 adopts a motor-driven synchronous belt conveying structure, including a first servo motor 131 and a first conveyor belt 132. The first conveyor belt 132 is arranged parallel to the length direction of the guide groove 11, and the synchronous pulleys at both ends are fixedly installed on the top side of the guide groove 11 through bearing seats. The first servo motor 131 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the frame 4 through a motor mounting bracket, and its output shaft is connected to the shaft end of one of the synchronous pulleys through a coupling, thereby driving the first conveyor belt 132 to reciprocate left and right along the length direction of the guide groove 11.

[0051] The conveying execution end of the conveying mechanism 13 (the upper horizontal section of the first conveyor belt 132) is fixedly connected to a slide plate 14 by bolts. A first guide rail 16 is fixedly installed on the top surface of the frame 4, located on the side of the electrode guide groove 11 away from the conveying mechanism 13 and parallel to the electrode guide groove 11. The end of the slide plate 14 away from the conveying mechanism 13 is slidably connected to the first guide rail 16 by a slider. Under the drive of the first conveyor belt 132 and the guidance of the first guide rail 16, the slide plate 14 moves back and forth left and right along the length direction of the guide groove 11. The two ends of the first guide rail 16 are respectively provided with a first limit switch 17 and a second limit switch 18 electrically connected to the power control end of the conveying mechanism 13, which are used to control the first servo motor 131 to pause and reverse when the slide plate 14 reaches the clamping position and release position of the electromagnetic clamping mechanism 12.

[0052] An electromagnetic clamping mechanism 12 is fixedly installed on the slide plate 14, located directly above the electrode guide groove 11. For example... Figure 8 As shown, the electromagnetic clamping mechanism 12 includes a base plate 121 fixedly connected to the bottom of the slide plate 14, a fixing plate 122 located below the base plate 121, and an electromagnetic coil 123 fixedly disposed between the base plate 121 and the fixing plate 122. The base plate 121 is fixed to the bottom surface of the base plate 121 by bolts. The fixing plate 122 is welded to the bottom surface of the base plate 121 by protective plates located on both sides of the electromagnetic coil 123, thus limiting and fixing the electromagnetic coil 123 between the protective plates. A magnetic post 124 is movably inserted into the bottom center of the electromagnetic coil 123. A movable plate 125 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the magnetic post 124. The fixing plate 122 and the movable plate 125 are connected by a spring 126. Specifically, the fixed plate 122 has a through hole corresponding to the center hole of the electromagnetic coil 123. The top end of the magnetic column 124 is inserted into the electromagnetic coil 123 through the through hole. The spring 126 is sleeved on the outside of the magnetic column 124, and the top end of the spring 126 is fixedly connected to the bottom surface of the base plate 121, and the bottom end of the spring 126 is fixedly connected to the top surface of the movable plate 125.

[0053] A fixed upper jaw 127 is fixedly mounted (welded in this embodiment) on one side of the fixed plate 122, located directly above the electrode guide groove 11. A lower jaw 128 is fixedly mounted (in this embodiment, integrally formed) on one side of the movable plate 125, located directly below the upper jaw 127. When the electromagnetic coil 123 is energized, a magnetic field is formed at its center, exerting an inward pulling force on the magnetic column 124. This causes the magnetic column 124 to pull the movable plate 125 upward, bringing it closer to the fixed plate 122. At this time, the spring 126 is compressed, and the lower jaw 128 approaches the upper jaw 127, clamping the object between them. When the electromagnetic coil 123 is de-energized, the magnetic field disappears, and the spring 126 pushes the movable plate 125 downward to reset, releasing the clamping of the object between them. At least one (e.g., Figure 8 The four vertically arranged first guide posts 129 shown in the figure have their top ends movably inserted into the fixed plate 122 to guide the lifting and lowering of the movable plate 125.

[0054] Preferably, the electrode guide groove 11 is provided with a first through hole corresponding to the clamping position of the electromagnetic clamping mechanism 12 and a second through hole corresponding to the release position of the electromagnetic clamping mechanism 12. In the clamping and release positions, the lower jaw 128 moves downward so that it is in an open state with the upper jaw 127. At this time, the layered material of the unfolded battery cell can move through the space between the lower jaw 128 and the upper jaw 127. The first and second through holes are provided to accommodate the descending movable plate 125 and the lower jaw 128. After the movable plate 125 and the lower jaw 128 rise, the movable plate 125 and the lower jaw 128 are suspended above the electrode guide groove 11 and clamp the layered material of the unfolded battery cell. The reciprocating motion of the first conveyor belt 132 realizes the position switching of the electromagnetic clamping mechanism 12 between the clamping and release positions.

[0055] A flattening stop 15 is fixedly installed on the top of the electrode guide groove 11, located on one side of the electromagnetic clamping mechanism 12. For example... Figure 7 As shown, one end of the flattening block 15 is a rectangular block, which is fixed to the top surface of the frame 4 by screws. The other end is a wedge-shaped block with a triangular cross-section, and is suspended above the electrode guide groove 11, outside the first through hole / second through hole (as shown). Figure 6 As shown on the right), the top bevel of the wedge faces the side where the battery cell is placed (e.g., the right side). Figure 6(As shown on the right). The distance between the bottom surface of the flattening block 15 and the bottom surface of the electrode guide groove 11 is greater than the thickness of the unfolded cell roll or folded cell layer, but less than the overall thickness and width of the battery cell in the wound or stacked state. This allows the unfolded battery cell material layer to pass through the bottom space of the flattening block 15 and be clamped by the electromagnetic clamping mechanism 12. The horizontal movement of the electromagnetic clamping mechanism 12 then pulls the material layer to unfold continuously, while the main body of the battery cell remains in place and is continuously unwound under the blocking effect of the top inclined surface of the flattening block 15.

[0056] The specific unwinding process is as follows: After the waste lithium iron phosphate batteries are decased, the battery cells are removed. First, a small section of the battery cell is manually unwound to flatten the free end of the cell roll. Then, the battery cell is placed into the electrode guide groove 11, ensuring that the winding axis of the wound cell or the fold line of the stacked cell is perpendicular to the length direction of the electrode guide groove 11. Next, the free end of the cell roll is passed through the bottom space of the flattening block 15 to the clamping position of the electromagnetic clamping mechanism 12. The unwound portion of the battery cell is located on the right side of the flattening block 15. After placement, the electromagnetic clamping mechanism 12 in the clamping position is energized, the electromagnetic coil 123 is energized, and the lower jaw 128 quickly moves upward to clamp the head of the cell roll. At the same time, the first servo motor 131 works, and through the transmission of the first conveyor belt 132, the slide plate 14 moves linearly on the first guide rail 16, so that the electromagnetic clamping mechanism 12 holding the battery core roll is transferred from the clamping station to the release station. During this process, the unwinding and flattening of the battery core roll is achieved by the pulling of the electromagnetic clamping mechanism 12 and the blocking of the flattening block 15. After completing one unwinding and flattening operation, the first limit switch 17 at the release station is triggered, thereby causing the first servo motor 131 to stop working and reverse rotation via the controller. At the same time, the electromagnetic coil 123 is de-energized, the lower gripper 128 moves downward and abuts against the top surface of the electrode guide groove 11, and the sliding plate 14 driven by the first conveyor belt 132 moves in the opposite direction on the first guide rail 16 until the second limit switch 18 at the clamping station is triggered, thereby causing the first servo motor 131 to stop working and reverse rotation via the controller. The electromagnetic clamping mechanism 12 returns to the initial clamping position, and then through cyclic clamping and reciprocating movement, the battery cell is continuously unwound and flattened at a certain rhythm until the battery cell is completely unwound.

[0057] like Figure 4 and Figure 9 As shown, the stacked battery cell sorting mechanism 2 is located on the bottom surface of the top worktable of the frame 4, and below the release position of the electromagnetic clamping mechanism 12. It works in conjunction with the flattening mechanism 1 to classify and collect stacked battery cell materials. Figure 10 and Figure 11As shown, the stacked battery cell sorting mechanism 2 includes a worktable 21 fixedly connected to the top and bottom surfaces of the frame 4, a drive motor 22 fixedly mounted on the top surface of the worktable 21, and a push-pull cylinder 23 located on one side of the drive motor 22. A steel connector 213 is fixedly welded to the top edge of the worktable 21, and the top of the steel connector is fixedly connected to the frame 4 by bolts, so that the worktable 21 is suspended below the top worktable surface of the frame 4. A fixed rubber roller 29, rotatably mounted on the worktable 21, is fixedly connected to the output shaft end of the drive motor 22. The axial direction of the fixed rubber roller 29 is perpendicular to the length direction of the electrode guide groove 11. Its two shaft ends are rotatably mounted through bearing seats fixedly mounted on the worktable 21, and one shaft end is connected to the output shaft end of the drive motor 22 via a coupling, driving the fixed rubber roller 29 to rotate continuously in one direction via the drive motor 22.

[0058] The output shaft end of the push-pull cylinder 23 is fixedly connected to a movable scraper 24 that is slidably mounted on the worktable 21. A movable rubber roller 25, matching and rolling against the fixed rubber roller 29, is rotatably mounted on the side of the movable scraper 24 near the fixed rubber roller 29. Specifically, there are two push-pull cylinders 23, distributed on the front and rear sides of the top of the worktable 21 (e.g., ...). Figure 10 (As shown), the output shaft extension direction of the push-pull cylinder 23 is perpendicular to the axis of the fixed rubber roller 29. The bottom side of the movable scraper 24 is fixedly connected to the output shaft ends of the two push-pull cylinders 23 respectively. The bottom ends of the other side of the movable scraper 24 are respectively fixedly connected to bearing seats by bolts. The two ends of the movable rubber roller 25 are rotatably installed in the two bearing seats, so that the movable rubber roller 25 is connected to the movable scraper 24 as a whole and can rotate on the movable scraper 24. The axis of the movable rubber roller 25 is parallel to the axis of the fixed rubber roller 29 and is located in the same horizontal plane. On the top surface of the worktable 21, a dovetail guide groove is provided on the outside of the push-pull cylinder 23, which is parallel to the extension direction of the output shaft of the push-pull cylinder 23. The bottom of the movable scraper 24 and / or the movable rubber roller 25 is slidably embedded in the dovetail guide groove. Then, the push-pull cylinder 23 can push the movable scraper 24 and the movable rubber roller 25 to move horizontally synchronously and move closer to or away from the fixed rubber roller 29.

[0059] A drive gear 27 is fixedly connected to the shaft diameter of the fixed rubber roller 29, and a driven gear 28, meshing with the drive gear 27, is fixedly connected to the shaft diameter of the movable rubber roller 25. When the push-pull cylinder 23 pushes the movable rubber roller 25 toward the fixed rubber roller 29, the driven gear 28 and the drive gear 27 mesh, and the movable rubber roller 25 and the fixed rubber roller 29 can roll synchronously relative to each other through the rotation of the gears. After the free end of the unfolded battery cell roll is released at the release position of the electromagnetic clamping mechanism 12, it falls naturally and vertically downwards through the second through hole on the top worktable of the frame 4 between the movable rubber roller 25 and the fixed rubber roller 29. The friction generated on the surface of the battery cell roll by the relative rolling between the movable rubber roller 25 and the fixed rubber roller 29 allows the battery cell roll to be continuously rolled below the movable rubber roller 25 and the fixed rubber roller 29. Preferably, the surfaces of both the movable rubber roller 25 and the fixed rubber roller 29 are provided with rubber layers with alternating concave and convex shapes to enhance the friction between the rubber rollers and the surface of the battery cell roll.

[0060] Due to the structural characteristics of the laminated battery cell, after the battery cell roll is unrolled, the positive and negative electrode sheets are linearly arranged and adhered to the two sides of the separator. A fixed scraper 26, which matches and opens and closes with the moving scraper 24, is fixedly provided on the side of the fixed rubber roller 29 away from the moving scraper 24. Both the movable scraper 24 and the fixed scraper 26 are quarter-circle arc-shaped plates. When the push-pull cylinder 23 moves to its maximum stroke, the movable scraper 24 approaches the fixed scraper 26, and a straight slit is formed between the tops of the movable scraper 24 and the fixed scraper 26. The distance between the straight slits is slightly greater than the thickness of the separator in the battery cell roll. When the movable rubber roller 25 and the fixed rubber roller 29 roll against each other, the reserved gap between the tops of the movable scraper 25 and the fixed scraper 26 only allows the separator in the stacked battery cell material layer to pass through. The positive and negative electrode plates on both sides of the separator separate and slide off to both sides along the arc surface of the movable scraper 24 and the fixed scraper 26 under the obstruction of the top edges of the movable scraper 24 and the fixed scraper 26.

[0061] Below the workbench 21 are respectively provided a first collection trough 210 located outside the movable scraper 25, a second collection trough 211 located between the movable scraper 25 and the fixed scraper 26, and a third collection trough 212 located outside the fixed scraper 26. During the continuous downward winding of the diaphragm by the movable rubber roller 25 and the fixed rubber roller 29, the diaphragm falls directly into the second collection trough 211 below, while the positive and negative electrode sheets, which separate and slide down along the arc surfaces of the movable scraper 24 and the fixed scraper 26, fall into the first collection trough 210 and the third collection trough 212 respectively, thereby achieving the classified collection of the positive electrode sheet, the diaphragm, and the negative electrode sheet. Preferably, guide plates are fixedly provided at both ends of the top surface of the movable scraper 24 and the fixed scraper 26 to ensure that the positive or negative electrode sheet falls accurately into the first collection trough 210 and the third collection trough 212.

[0062] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the wound cell sorting mechanism 3 is located above the top surface of the frame 4, and works in conjunction with the flattening mechanism 1 to classify and collect the layered materials of the wound cells. Figures 12 to 14 As shown, the wound-type battery cell sorting mechanism 3 includes a column 31 fixedly mounted on one side of the top surface of the frame 4, a horizontal beam 32 fixedly connected to the top of the column 31 and horizontally arranged, and a walking positioning mechanism 33 fixedly mounted on the horizontal beam 32. Specifically, the bottom end of the column 31 is fixedly mounted on the top surface of the frame 4 with bolts, the horizontal beam 32 is horizontally arranged and parallel to the length direction of the frame 4, and its bottom is fixedly connected to the top end of the column 31 with bolts. The walking positioning mechanism 33 also adopts a servo motor driven synchronous belt conveyor mechanism, including a second servo motor 331 fixedly mounted on one end of the top surface of the horizontal beam 32, a reducer 332 fixedly mounted on the side of the horizontal beam 32 and drivenly connected to the output shaft end of the second servo motor 331, and a second conveyor belt 333 provided on the bottom surface of the horizontal beam 32. The synchronous pulleys at both ends of the second conveyor belt 333 are rotatably mounted on the bottom surface of the crossbeam 32 through bearing seats. The output shaft end of the reducer 332 is connected to the shaft end of one of the synchronous pulleys. The second servo motor 331 can drive the second conveyor belt 333 to move horizontally back and forth.

[0063] An electrostatic chuck lifting mechanism 34, located below the crossbeam 32, is fixedly connected to the walking positioning mechanism 33. An electrostatic chuck 35 is fixed to the power output end of the electrostatic chuck lifting mechanism 34. Figure 15 and Figure 16 As shown, the electrostatic chuck lifting mechanism 34 includes a movable top plate 341, a lifting cylinder 342 fixedly installed on one side of the bottom surface of the movable top plate 341, and a lifting platform 343 fixedly installed at the bottom output shaft end of the lifting cylinder 342. Two second guide rails 334 parallel to the length direction are fixedly installed on the bottom surface of the crossbeam 32. Multiple sliders are bolted to the top surface of the movable top plate 341. Through the sliding engagement of the sliders with the second guide rails 334, the movable top plate 341 is slidably mounted on the second guide rails 334 and can reciprocate horizontally along the second guide rails 334. The bottom surface of the movable top plate 341 is bolted to the top horizontal section of the second transmission belt 333, thus the second transmission belt 333 can drive the electrostatic chuck lifting mechanism 34 to reciprocate horizontally and for positioning. The lifting cylinder 342 is vertically fixed to one end of the bottom surface of the movable top plate 341 by bolts. The end of its output rod is fixedly connected to the top surface of the lifting platform 343 by bolts, thus driving the vertical lifting of the lifting platform 343 via the lifting cylinder 342. At least one (e.g., Figure 15 The four second guide columns 345 shown are used to guide the vertical movement of the lifting platform 343.

[0064] An opening is provided on one side of the bottom surface of the lifting platform 343 (the side away from the lifting cylinder 342), and a pipe inlet 344 is vertically provided at the top of the opening. An electrostatic chuck 35 is fixedly installed at the bottom edge of the opening. When energized, the electrostatic chuck 35 can attract both conductors and non-conductors, thus enabling the attraction and release of positive and negative electrode sheets and separators. Due to the structural characteristics of the wound battery cell, the unwound battery cell roll is a thin strip with a four-layer structure of positive electrode sheet-separator-negative electrode sheet-separator. Unwinding is performed using the same unwinding method as the aforementioned stacked battery cell. After the free end of the unwound battery cell roll is released at the release position of the electromagnetic clamping mechanism 12, the chuck lifting mechanism 34 drives the electrostatic chuck 35 to move downwards and approach the material layers of the battery cell. The electrostatic chuck 35 can pick up the free ends of the battery cell material layers layer by layer. The walking positioning mechanism 33 can position the electrostatic chuck lifting mechanism 34, which has attracted different material layers, in three different positions.

[0065] On the other side of the top surface of the frame 4, multiple sets of diaphragm cell collection mechanisms 36 are fixedly installed, distributed along the length of the crossbeam 32. Since the wound cell is composed of four layers of material stacked sequentially—positive electrode plate, diaphragm, negative electrode plate, and diaphragm again—three sets of diaphragm cell collection mechanisms 36 are configured to collect the three materials separately. Figure 17 and Figure 18 As shown, the diaphragm cell collection mechanism 36 includes a blower 361 and a negative pressure pipe 362, which are respectively fixedly installed on the top surface of the frame 4. The air outlet of the blower 361 is connected to the bottom of the discharge end side wall of the negative pressure pipe 362. The feed end port of the negative pressure pipe 362 on the side away from the blower 361 is vertically downward and above the insertion port 344. The insertion port 344 can be sequentially positioned directly below each feed end vertical port and can be movably inserted into the vertical port.

[0066] The discharge end of the negative pressure pipe 362 is equipped with a sheet metal structure 364. For example... Figure 18 As shown, the sheet metal structure 364 has an annular cavity connected to the air outlet of the blower 361. A top-to-bottom guide channel is provided on the inner side of the annular cavity, and an annular guide vane with an airfoil cross-section is provided on the top inner side of the guide channel. The airflow from the blower 361 enters the unique cavity structure formed by the sheet metal structure 364 and is guided by the annular guide vane with an irregular cross-section. Based on Bernoulli's principle, a low-pressure zone is formed in the hollow part of the sheet metal structure 364, which guides the air in the negative pressure pipe 362, providing power for the suction action of the battery cell material layer and effectively preventing the battery cell material layer from entering the annular cavity. The advantage of this structure is that it can achieve high-speed airflow without obstructions (such as fan blades) inside the pipe, preventing entanglement and blockage of the electrode sheets during passage. A collection box 363 is provided below the discharge end of the negative pressure pipe 362, and a placement rack 366 for placing the collection box 363 is provided on the side of the frame 4.

[0067] When the electrostatic chuck 35 adsorbs the free end of a material layer (such as a positive electrode sheet), the walking and positioning mechanism 33 operates and drives the electrostatic chuck lifting mechanism 34 and the electrostatic chuck 35 to move horizontally to the corresponding working position of the separator cell collection mechanism 36 (corresponding to the positive electrode sheet collection position). Then, the chuck lifting mechanism 34 reverses its operation to drive the electrostatic chuck 35 to rise and reset. At this time, the insertion port 344 on the lifting platform 343 is inserted into the feed end port of the negative pressure pipe 362 at the corresponding position. The blower 361 operates, and a unidirectional airflow (such as airflow from the feed end port to the discharge end port) is formed in the negative pressure pipe 362. Figure 18 (The route indicated by the solid arrow) thereby draws the material layer adsorbed by the electrostatic chuck 35 into the negative pressure pipe 362, and then into the bottom of the sheet metal structure 364 (as shown by the solid arrow) from the outlet of the negative pressure pipe 362. Figure 18 (The route indicated by the dashed arrow) then falls into the corresponding collection box 363 below. After the upper layer of material is adsorbed by the electrostatic chuck 35 and sent into the diaphragm cell collection mechanism 36, the next layer of material is exposed. The walking and positioning mechanism 33 drives the electrostatic chuck 35 to reset to the adsorption position of the material layer. Using the same method described above, the adsorption, transfer, and collection of the other three layers of material (diaphragm layer, negative electrode layer, and diaphragm layer) can be completed separately, with two diaphragm layers being adsorbed and sent to the same diaphragm cell collection mechanism 36. In this way, the separate collection of three different materials can be achieved.

[0068] Preferably, the insertion port 344 is a square tube with a rubber layer on its outer wall. The feed end of the negative pressure pipe 362 is a square tube that matches the insertion port 344, so that when the insertion port 344 and the negative pressure pipe 362 are connected, the connection point has a good sealing effect, so that the negative pressure of the negative pressure pipe 362 remains stable, and the material layer adsorbed on the electrostatic chuck 35 can be smoothly sucked into the negative pressure pipe 362.

[0069] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0070] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dewinding and sorting device for waste lithium-ion battery cells, comprising a frame (4) and a controller, characterized in that: The frame (4) is respectively provided with a flattening mechanism (1), a stacked cell sorting mechanism (2) and a winding cell sorting mechanism (3). The flattening mechanism (1) is used for unwinding and flattening the battery cell roll. It includes an electrode guide groove (11) set on the top surface of the frame (4) and a transmission mechanism (13) set on the top surface of the frame (4) with the transmission direction parallel to the electrode guide groove (11). The transmission execution end of the transmission mechanism (13) is fixedly connected to a slide plate (14). An electromagnetic clamping mechanism (12) located directly above the electrode guide groove (11) is fixedly installed on the slide plate (14). A flattening block (15) located on one side of the electromagnetic clamping mechanism (12) is fixedly set on the top of the electrode guide groove (11). One end of the flattening block (15) is a rectangular block and is fixedly connected to the top surface of the frame (4). The other end is a wedge-shaped block with a triangular cross section and is suspended above the electrode guide groove (11). The distance between the bottom surface of the flattening block (15) and the bottom surface of the electrode guide groove (11) is greater than the thickness of the unfolded cell roll or folded cell and less than the overall thickness and width of the battery cell in the wound or stacked state. The stacked battery cell sorting mechanism (2) is used for the classification and collection of stacked battery cell materials. It includes a workbench (21) fixedly connected to the top and bottom surfaces of the frame (4), a drive motor (22) fixedly installed on the top surface of the workbench (21), and a push-pull cylinder (23) located on one side of the drive motor (22). The output shaft end of the drive motor (22) is fixedly connected to a fixed rubber roller (29) rotatably installed on the workbench (21). The output shaft end of the push-pull cylinder (23) is fixedly connected to a movable scraper (24) slidably installed on the workbench (21). The movable scraper (24) is rotatably installed on the side of the movable scraper (24) close to the fixed rubber roller (29) and is matched with the fixed rubber roller (29) for rolling. The fixed scraper (26) is fixedly installed on the side of the fixed rubber roller (29) away from the movable scraper (24) and is matched with the movable scraper (24) for opening and closing. The winding cell sorting mechanism (3) is used for the classification and collection of winding cell layer materials. It includes a column (31) fixedly installed on one side of the top surface of the frame (4), a horizontal beam (32) fixedly connected to the top of the column (31) and horizontally installed, and a walking positioning mechanism (33) fixedly installed on the horizontal beam (32). An electrostatic chuck lifting mechanism (34) located below the horizontal beam (32) is fixedly connected to the walking positioning mechanism (33). An electrostatic chuck (35) is fixedly installed at the power output end of the electrostatic chuck lifting mechanism (34). Multiple sets of diaphragm cell collection mechanisms (36) distributed along the length direction of the horizontal beam (32) are fixedly installed on the other side of the top surface of the frame (4).

2. The unwinding and sorting equipment for waste lithium-ion battery cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top surface of the frame (4) is fixedly provided with a first guide rail (16) located on the side of the electrode guide groove (11) away from the conveying mechanism (13) and parallel to the electrode guide groove (11). The end of the slide plate (14) away from the conveying mechanism (13) is slidably connected to the first guide rail (16). The two ends of the first guide rail (16) are respectively provided with a first limit switch (17) and a second limit switch (18) electrically connected to the power control end of the conveying mechanism (13).

3. The unwinding and sorting equipment for waste lithium-ion battery cells according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The electromagnetic clamping mechanism (12) includes a base plate (121) fixedly connected to the bottom of the slide plate (14), a fixed plate (122) located below the base plate (121), and an electromagnetic coil (123) fixedly disposed between the base plate (121) and the fixed plate (122). A magnetic column (124) is movably inserted into the bottom center of the electromagnetic coil (123). A movable plate (125) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the magnetic column (124). The fixed plate (122) and the movable plate (125) are connected by a spring (126). An upper clamping jaw (127) is fixedly disposed on one side of the fixed plate (122) and located directly above the electrode guide groove (11). A lower clamping jaw (128) is fixedly disposed on one side of the movable plate (125) and located directly below the upper clamping jaw (127).

4. The unwinding and sorting equipment for waste lithium-ion battery cells according to claim 3, characterized in that: The electrode guide groove (11) is provided with a first through hole corresponding to the clamping position of the electromagnetic clamping mechanism (12) and a second through hole corresponding to the release position of the electromagnetic clamping mechanism (12).

5. The unwinding and sorting equipment for waste lithium-ion battery cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed rubber roller (29) is fixedly connected to the shaft diameter of the drive gear (27), and the movable rubber roller (25) is fixedly connected to the shaft diameter of the driven gear (28) that meshes with the drive gear (27).

6. The unwinding and sorting equipment for waste lithium-ion battery cells according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that: When the movable rubber roller (25) rolls against the fixed rubber roller (29), the reserved gap between the tops of the movable scraper (24) and the fixed scraper (26) only allows the diaphragm in the cell material layer to pass through.

7. The unwinding and sorting equipment for waste lithium-ion battery cells according to claim 6, characterized in that: The workbench (21) is provided with a first collection groove (210) located outside the movable scraper (24), a second collection groove (211) located between the movable scraper (24) and the fixed scraper (26), and a third collection groove (212) located outside the fixed scraper (26).

8. The unwinding and sorting equipment for waste lithium-ion battery cells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrostatic chuck lifting mechanism (34) includes a movable top plate (341), a lifting cylinder (342) fixedly installed on one side of the bottom surface of the movable top plate (341), and a lifting platform (343) fixedly installed at the bottom output shaft end of the lifting cylinder (342). The lifting platform (343) has an opening on one side of its bottom surface, and a pipe inlet (344) is vertically provided at the top of the opening. The electrostatic chuck (35) is fixedly installed at the bottom edge of the opening.

9. The unwinding and sorting equipment for waste lithium-ion battery cells according to claim 8, characterized in that: The diaphragm cell collection mechanism (36) includes a blower (361) and a negative pressure pipe (362) respectively fixedly installed on the top surface of the frame (4). The air outlet of the blower (361) is connected to the bottom of the discharge end side wall of the negative pressure pipe (362). The inlet of the negative pressure pipe (362) away from the blower (361) is vertically downward and set above the insertion pipe port (344). The insertion pipe port (344) can be positioned directly below each vertical inlet port and can be movably inserted into the vertical port. A collection box (363) is provided below the discharge end of the negative pressure pipe (362).

10. The unwinding and sorting equipment for waste lithium-ion battery cells according to claim 9, characterized in that: The negative pressure pipe (362) has a sheet metal structure (364) at its discharge end. The sheet metal structure (364) has an annular cavity that communicates with the air outlet of the blower (361). A guide channel from top to bottom is provided on the inner side of the top of the annular cavity.

Images