An edible mushroom spawn plastic mold, granular edible mushroom cultivated spawn, and preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and specifically relates to a plastic mold for edible mushroom strains, a granular cultivated species of edible mushroom, and a preparation method and application thereof. The plastic mold for edible mushroom strains of the present invention includes an embedded cover 1 and a conical hollow plastic mold body 2; the conical hollow plastic mold body 2 includes a protruding edge 3, a hollow cylindrical section 4 with one end surface connected to one side surface of the protruding edge 3, and a plurality of arc-shaped strip claws 5 connected to the other end surface of the hollow cylindrical section 4, and the arc-shaped strip claws 5 are evenly distributed and form a hollow structure. The plastic mold for edible mushroom strains of the present invention includes a hollow cylindrical section with a protruding edge and closed at the top and around, and a hollow structure composed of uniform strip claws. When inoculating edible mushrooms, after pressing the prepared granular cultivated species of edible mushroom into the inoculation port, the protruding edge can compact the plastic bag film around the inoculation port, realizing the cultivation of mushroom sticks without bagging, and greatly reducing the infection rate of mushroom sticks.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a plastic mold for edible mushroom strains, a granular cultivated species of edible mushroom, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] In China, for the substitute material cultivation of edible mushrooms such as Auricularia heimuer, Auricularia polytricha, and Lentinula edodes, polyethylene, polypropylene and other plastic bags are mainly used to contain the substrate, and short or long round-shaped cultivation rods (commonly known as mushroom rods) are made. After inoculation and spawn-running, the mushrooms are grown outdoors in a wild-like manner or in facilities such as mushroom houses. The use of substrate-type and granular solid spawns is the mainstream in edible mushroom production.

[0003] At present, in the main edible mushroom production areas in the south of China, the commonly used cultivated species (tertiary spawns) for the production of Auricularia heimuer, Auricularia polytricha, and Lentinula edodes are bagged substrate-type solid spawns. The substrate is a mixture of a culture medium mainly composed of sawdust and wheat bran and mycelium. When using such substrate-type spawns to produce mushroom rods, holes must be drilled in the mushroom rods, and then the spawns are manually broken and stuffed. The sizes of the broken spawn pieces are different, and the fingers will squeeze and damage the mycelium when stuffing the spawns. After inoculation, the mycelium has a process of recovering growth, the feeding speed becomes slow, and the inoculation holes are easily occupied by miscellaneous bacteria, resulting in miscellaneous bacteria infection. Moreover, the mycelium growth area of each inoculation hole is not the same, which is not conducive to the standardized, intensive and large-scale production of mushroom rods. Secondly, the main Auricularia heimuer production areas in the south of China are mainly concentrated in mountainous areas, with large temperature differences between morning and evening and heavy rainfall. In the management of wild-like cultivation of Auricularia heimuer for mushroom growth, when encountering continuous rainy weather, the inoculation holes are easily flooded with water and grow green mold, resulting in rotten mushroom rods. The Auricularia heimuer also grows in clusters at the inoculation holes, making it difficult to achieve the goals of high and stable yields and high quality. There are also problems of low inoculation efficiency and difficulty in stably reducing the infection rate in the production of Auricularia polytricha and Lentinula edodes using substrate-type cultivated species.

[0004] At present, capsule spawns and plastic mold spawns, which are granular solid spawns that do not need to be broken, have been used in production practice. There are mainly two domestic spawns with similar structures. One is a nail-shaped plastic mold spawn for the production of Auricularia polytricha mushroom rods, and its plastic mold shape is as Figure 1 shown; the other is the plastic mold spawn disclosed in Chinese Patent CN110199779A (publication date: September 16, 2019), as Figure 2 shown. However, for the plastic mold of the above-mentioned nail-shaped spawn for the production of Auricularia polytricha mushroom rods, the body part of the mold is a hollow conical shape, with a protruding edge at the upper part but not closed. When using the nail-shaped spawn, the spawn is driven into the mushroom rod by external force. Therefore, the plastic mold is made of thermosetting plastic with high hardness, but the plastic cannot be recycled. At the same time, in the actual application of the nail-shaped plastic mold spawn of Auricularia polytricha, because the whole plastic mold is hollow, when inoculating, after the protruding edge on the granular spawn plastic mold compacts the plastic film around the inoculation hole of the mushroom rod, due to the inconsistent tightness of the mushroom rod, it cannot ensure that the sealing degree of each rod meets the standard, and it is difficult to control the pollution rate of the mushroom rod in the spawn-running link. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a plastic mold for edible mushroom spawn, a granular cultivated species of edible mushroom, and its preparation method and application. The granular cultivated species of edible mushroom prepared by using the plastic mold for edible mushroom spawn with the structure described in the present invention can reduce the contamination rate of the spawn, avoid the problem of rotten rods caused by water entering the inoculation port, and improve the mycelium germination rate and the yield of edible mushrooms.

[0006] The present invention provides a plastic mold for edible mushroom spawn, which includes an inner embedded cover 1 and a conical hollow plastic mold body 2; the conical hollow plastic mold body 2 includes a protruding edge 3, a hollow cylindrical section 4 whose one end face is connected to one side face of the protruding edge 3, and a plurality of arc-shaped strip claws 5 connected to the other end face of the hollow cylindrical section 4. The arc-shaped strip claws 5 are evenly distributed and form a hollow structure.

[0007] Preferably, the thickness of the side wall of the hollow cylindrical section 4 is 1.2 - 2.2 mm; the thickness of the arc-shaped strip claws 5 is the same as the thickness of the side wall of the hollow cylindrical section 4.

[0008] Preferably, the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the protruding edge 3 is 2.4 - 4.0 mm; the thickness of the protruding edge 3 is 1.2 - 2.2 mm.

[0009] Preferably, the inner embedded cover 1 is a hollow cylinder, and the inner embedded cover 1 includes a middle protrusion 6; the conical hollow plastic mold body 2 includes a groove 7 that fits with the middle protrusion 6.

[0010] Preferably, the material of the plastic mold for edible mushroom spawn is a renewable thermoplastic.

[0011] The present invention also provides a preparation method for the plastic mold for edible mushroom spawn described in the above technical solution, which is prepared by a two-step injection molding method or a one-step injection molding method.

[0012] The present invention also provides a granular cultivated species of edible mushroom, which includes the plastic mold for edible mushroom spawn described in the above technical solution or the plastic mold for edible mushroom spawn prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution, a culture material, and an original spawn of edible mushroom;

[0013] The culture material fills the inner cavity of the plastic mold for edible mushroom spawn; the mycelium of the original spawn of edible mushroom covers the culture material.

[0014] The present invention also provides a preparation method for the granular cultivated species of edible mushroom described in the above technical solution, which includes the following steps:

[0015] Mix and stir the plastic mold for edible mushroom spawn described in the above technical solution or the plastic mold for edible mushroom spawn prepared by the preparation method with the culture material to obtain a granular plastic mold for edible mushroom spawn filled with the culture material.

[0016] After filling the inner cavity with the plastic mold particles of edible mushroom spawn filled with culture material and loading them into the spawn culture device, the original spawn of edible mushroom is inoculated into the culture material for spawn culture until the spawn culture device is covered with hyphae, and the granular cultivated spawn of edible mushroom is obtained.

[0017] Preferably, after filling the inner cavity with the plastic mold particles of edible mushroom spawn filled with culture material and loading them into the spawn culture device, a layer of culture material is further loaded at the mouth-tying position of the spawn culture device.

[0018] The present invention also provides the application of the plastic mold of edible mushroom spawn described in the above technical solution, the plastic mold of edible mushroom spawn prepared by the preparation method, or the granular cultivated spawn of edible mushroom in the cultivation of edible mushroom.

[0019] Beneficial effects:

[0020] The present invention provides a plastic mold of edible mushroom spawn, which includes an embedded cover 1 and a conical hollow plastic mold body 2; the conical hollow plastic mold body 2 includes a protruding edge 3, a hollow cylindrical section 4 whose one end face is connected to one side face of the protruding edge 3, and a plurality of arc-shaped strip claws 5 connected to the other end face of the hollow cylindrical section 4. The arc-shaped strip claws 5 are evenly distributed and form a hollow structure. The plastic mold of edible mushroom spawn described in the present invention includes a hollow cylindrical section with a protruding edge and closed top and periphery, and a hollow structure composed of evenly distributed strip claws. The protruding edge can, when inoculating, press the granular cultivated spawn of edible mushroom prepared into or place it into the inoculation port, and then compact the plastic bag film around the inoculation port. The closed section under the protruding edge can realize the mycelium cultivation without bagging the mushroom stick, and greatly reduce the infection rate of the mushroom stick.

[0021] At the same time, the granular cultivated spawn of edible mushroom prepared by the plastic mold of edible mushroom spawn described in the present invention is wrapped by a plastic mold with a certain hardness. When inoculating, the granular cultivated spawn of edible mushroom is placed into the inoculation hole of the mushroom stick matching the granular cultivated spawn of edible mushroom, and the plastic bag film around the inoculation hole can be compacted with the protruding edge on the plastic mold, without bagging for mycelium cultivation anymore, realizing plastic reduction and reducing the mycelium cultivation cost.

[0022] Furthermore, when cultivating edible mushroom with the granular cultivated spawn of edible mushroom, it is not necessary to break the spawn by hand like using conventional substrate spawn, and then divide it into individual seed pieces and press them into the holes, which can avoid breaking the hyphae, reduce the time for hyphae to recover, make the hyphae grow faster, shorten the mycelium cultivation period by 3 - 7 days, promote the germination of hyphae, and increase the yield of edible mushroom. Description of the drawings

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required in the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0024] Figure 1 It is the nail-shaped plastic mold strain for the production of Auricularia polytricha mushroom sticks in the background technology of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 It is the plastic mold strain disclosed in Chinese Patent CN110199779A in the background technology of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 It is the front view of the plastic mold for edible mushroom strains in Embodiment 1;

[0027] Figure 4 It is the bottom view of the plastic mold for edible mushroom strains in Embodiment 1;

[0028] Figure 5 It is the longitudinal sectional view of the plastic mold for edible mushroom strains in Embodiment 1;

[0029] Figure 6 It is the top view of the plastic mold for edible mushroom strains in Embodiment 1;

[0030] Figure 7 It is the longitudinal sectional view of the plastic mold for edible mushroom strains with an embedded cover 1 being hollow in Embodiment 2;

[0031] Figure 8 It is the physical diagram of the plastic mold for edible mushroom strains in Embodiment 3;

[0032] Figure 9 It is the granular cultivated species of edible mushrooms in Embodiment 4;

[0033] In Figures 3 to 7 1 is the embedded cover, 2 is the conical hollow plastic mold body, 3 is the protruding edge, 4 is the hollow cylindrical section, 5 is the arc-shaped strip claws, 6 is the middle protrusion, and 7 is the groove. Detailed implementation manners

[0034] The present invention provides a plastic mold for edible mushroom strains, including an embedded cover 1 and a conical hollow plastic mold body 2; the conical hollow plastic mold body 2 includes a protruding edge 3, a hollow cylindrical section 4 whose one end face is connected to one side face of the protruding edge 3, and a plurality of arc-shaped strip claws 5 connected to the other end face of the hollow cylindrical section 4. The arc-shaped strip claws 5 are evenly distributed and form a hollow structure.

[0035] The mushroom spawn plastic mold provided by the present invention includes an inner embedded cover 1, and the inner embedded cover 1 is preferably a hollow cylindrical body including a middle protrusion 6. In the present invention, the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the middle protrusion 6 is preferably 4.3 - 4.5 mm, more preferably 4.3 mm. In the present invention, the upper end face diameter of the inner embedded cover 1 is the same as the lower end face diameter, and the difference between the outer diameter of the middle protrusion 6 and the upper end face diameter of the inner embedded cover 1 is preferably 0.7 - 0.9 mm, more preferably 0.7 mm. In the present invention, the height of the inner embedded cover 1 is preferably 2.2 - 2.5 mm, more preferably 2.5 mm, and the thickness in the vertical direction is preferably 1.2 - 1.5 mm, more preferably 1.5 mm. The inner embedded cover 1 of the present invention is nested and connected with the conical hollow plastic mold body 2.

[0036] The mushroom spawn plastic mold provided by the present invention includes a conical hollow plastic mold body 2. The conical hollow plastic mold body 2 of the present invention includes a groove 7 that fits with the middle protrusion 6 in the inner embedded cover 1. The conical hollow plastic mold body 2 of the present invention includes a protruding edge 3, and the protruding edge 3 is preferably annular. The thickness of the protruding edge 3 is preferably 1.2 - 2.2 mm, more preferably 1.2 mm; the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the protruding edge 3 is preferably 2.4 - 4.0 mm, more preferably 2.4 mm.

[0037] In the present invention, the conical hollow plastic mold body 2 includes a hollow cylindrical section 4 whose one end face is connected to one bottom surface of the protruding edge 3. The thickness of the side wall of the hollow cylindrical section 4 is preferably 1.2 - 2.2 mm, more preferably 1.9 mm. The outer diameter of the hollow cylindrical section 4 of the present invention is preferably the same as the inner diameter of the protruding edge 3.

[0038] In the present invention, the conical hollow plastic mold body 2 includes a plurality of arc-shaped strip claws 5 connected to the other end face of the hollow cylindrical section 4, and the arc-shaped strip claws are evenly distributed to form a hollow structure. The ratio of the vertical height of the hollow structure to the height of the hollow cylindrical section 4 is preferably 3.1:1; the vertical height of the conical hollow plastic mold body 2 of the present invention is the height of the mushroom spawn plastic mold; the vertical height of the hollow cylindrical section 4 is preferably 7 - 8 mm, more preferably 7 mm; the thickness of the arc-shaped strip claws 5 at the connection end with the hollow cylindrical section 4 is preferably the same as the thickness of the side wall of the hollow cylindrical section 4. The arc-shaped strip claws 5 of the present invention are preferably trapezoid-like structures with a radian. The ratio of the width at the connection end with the hollow cylindrical section 4 to the width at the end is preferably 1.68:1, and the radian is preferably 8.5 degrees.

[0039] The present invention does not specifically limit the size, weight, or the number of arc-shaped strip claws 5 of the edible mushroom strain mold. It can be adjusted according to the size of the granular edible mushroom cultivation species to be prepared. For example, in the embodiment of the present invention, the height of the conical hollow mold body 2 of the edible mushroom strain mold is 30 mm, the diameters of the upper and lower end faces of the embedded cover 1 are both 17.5 mm, the outer diameter of the middle protrusion 6 is 18.2 mm, the inner diameter is 13.9 mm, the height of the embedded cover 1 is 2.5 mm, and the thickness is 1.5 mm; the outer diameter of the protruding edge 3 is 23 mm, the inner diameter is 20.6 mm, and the thickness is 1.2 mm; the height of the hollow cylindrical section 4 is 7.0 mm, the maximum outer diameter is 20.6 mm, and the side wall thickness is 1.9 mm; the number of arc-shaped strip claws 5 is 6, the width at the connection end with the hollow cylindrical section 4 is 16.8 mm, the width at the end is 10.0 mm, and the radian is 8.5 degrees.

[0040] The material of the edible mushroom strain mold described in the present invention is preferably a renewable thermoplastic, more preferably polyethylene or polypropylene.

[0041] The upper part of the edible mushroom strain mold described in the present invention has a closed inner cavity composed of the embedded cover 1, the protruding edge 3, and the hollow cylindrical section 4, and the lower part has a fully hollow structure composed of multiple evenly distributed arc-shaped strip claws 5. The mold with this structure can form a certain grasping force on the culture medium and hyphae by the arc-shaped strip claws. After inoculating the granular edible mushroom cultivation species prepared with this mold structure, the protruding edge of the mold can compact the inoculation port. The contact area between the culture medium matrix with hyphae and the mushroom stick is large and the air permeability is good. The hyphae can quickly consume the material, quickly seize the opportunity, and greatly reduce the chance of contamination by miscellaneous bacteria; at the same time, the edible mushroom strain mold is prepared from a renewable thermoplastic, so that both the mold and the plastic can be recycled and reused, which is energy-saving, environmentally friendly, and cost-saving.

[0042] The present invention also provides a preparation method for the edible mushroom strain mold described in the above technical solution. It is prepared by a two-step injection molding method or a one-step injection molding method, and preferably prepared by a two-step injection molding method. The two-step injection molding method described in the present invention preferably includes separately preparing the embedded cover 1 and the conical hollow mold body 2, and then combining them to prepare the edible mushroom strain mold. The present invention does not specifically limit the specific process of the two-step injection molding method, and it can be prepared by a conventional two-step injection molding method in the art. Although the cost of preparing the edible mushroom strain mold by the one-step injection molding method is relatively high and the demolding is relatively difficult, preparing the edible mushroom strain mold by the one-step injection molding method still falls within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0043] The present invention also provides an edible mushroom granular spawn, which includes the edible mushroom strain mold described in the above technical solution or the edible mushroom strain mold prepared by the preparation method described in the above technical solution, a culture medium, and an edible mushroom original spawn; the culture medium fills the inner cavity of the edible mushroom strain mold; the mycelium of the edible mushroom original spawn covers the culture medium. The present invention has no special limitation on the composition of the culture medium, and a conventional spawn culture medium in the art can be selected according to the type of edible mushroom.

[0044] The present invention also provides a preparation method for the edible mushroom granular spawn described in the above technical solution, which includes the following steps:

[0045] Mix and stir the edible mushroom strain mold described in the above technical solution or the edible mushroom strain mold prepared by the preparation method with the culture medium to obtain an edible mushroom strain mold granule with its inner cavity filled with the culture medium;

[0046] After filling the edible mushroom strain mold granule with its inner cavity filled with the culture medium into a spawn culture device, inoculate the edible mushroom original spawn and conduct spawn culture until the spawn culture device is covered with mycelium to obtain the edible mushroom granular spawn.

[0047] The present invention mixes and stirs the edible mushroom strain mold described in the above technical solution or the edible mushroom strain mold prepared by the preparation method with the culture medium to obtain an edible mushroom strain mold granule with its inner cavity filled with the culture medium. The present invention has no special limitation on the mixing and stirring method, as long as the culture medium fills the inner cavity of the edible mushroom strain mold.

[0048] After obtaining the edible mushroom strain mold granule with its inner cavity filled with the culture medium, the present invention fills the edible mushroom strain mold granule with its inner cavity filled with the culture medium into a spawn culture device. The spawn culture device preferably includes a spawn bag or a spawn bottle, and more preferably a spawn bag. The present invention has no special limitation on the size and material of the spawn culture device, and can be adjusted conventionally according to the actual number and requirements of the edible mushroom granular spawn needed. The material is determined whether to use a high-pressure resistant material according to whether the sterilization equipment is a high-pressure container. For example, the spawn culture device used in the embodiment of the present invention is a plastic cylinder bag, the outer diameter of the bottom of the plastic cylinder bag is 15 cm, and the length is 28 cm, and each plastic cylinder bag contains 96 - 100 edible mushroom strain mold granules with their inner cavities filled with the culture medium.

[0049] After filling the edible mushroom strain mold granule with its inner cavity filled with the culture medium into a spawn culture device, the present invention preferably loads a layer of culture medium at the mouth-tying part of the spawn culture device so that after inoculating the subsequent edible mushroom original spawn, the mycelium can quickly consume the material.

[0050] After loading a layer of culture medium at the mouth of the strain culture device, the present invention preferably ties and sterilizes the strain culture device. The tying in the present invention has the function of sealing. The present invention has no special limitation on the specific operation of the sterilization treatment, and conventional sterilization treatments in the art can be adopted, such as high-pressure steam sterilization. Specifically, it can be sterilized at 110°C for 5 hours. The material of the strain bag used in the strain culture device is polypropylene that can withstand high-pressure steam.

[0051] After the sterilization treatment, the present invention preferably inoculates edible mushroom original seeds into the strain culture device when the external temperature of the strain culture device cools down to below 25°C or the internal temperature cools down to below 30°C, and conducts strain culture until the strain culture device is covered with hyphae to obtain the granular cultivated species of the edible mushroom. The inoculation amount of the edible mushroom original seeds in the present invention is preferably 15 - 20 g, more preferably 17 g. The temperature of the strain culture in the present invention is preferably 25 - 28°C, more preferably 26°C; the time is preferably 40 - 50 days, more preferably 45 days. When conducting the strain culture in the present invention, it is preferred to tie the mouth of the strain culture device.

[0052] The granular cultivated species of the edible mushroom obtained by adopting the above technical scheme is wrapped by a plastic mold with a certain hardness. When conducting cultivation inoculation, inoculation holes matching the granular cultivated species of the edible mushroom are directly punched on the fungus stick, and the granular cultivated species of the edible mushroom is placed into the inoculation holes, and the plastic bag film around the inoculation mouth is compacted with the protruding edge of the plastic mold. There is no need to bag and cultivate the bacteria again, achieving plastic reduction and reducing the cost of cultivating bacteria. At the same time, this granular cultivated species of the edible mushroom can avoid the hypha breakage caused by manually breaking the strain like using conventional matrix strains and then dividing them into individual seed pieces and pressing them into the holes, reduce the hypha recovery time, promote the growth of hyphae, the inoculation success rate can be increased to 100%, and the contamination rate of miscellaneous bacteria is reduced from 10% - 20% to below 1%; the size of the strain particles is consistent, the hyphae germinate neatly, shortening the cultivation cycle of the edible mushroom, and realizing the standardized production of the strain and the fungus stick.

[0053] The present invention also provides the application of the edible mushroom strain plastic mold described in the above technical scheme, the edible mushroom strain plastic mold prepared by the preparation method, or the granular cultivated species of the edible mushroom in edible mushroom cultivation. The edible mushrooms in the present invention preferably include auricularia auricula and lentinula edodes; the auricularia auricula preferably includes auricularia polytricha and auricularia heimuer. The edible mushroom cultivation in the present invention preferably includes the production of edible mushroom fungus sticks and the substitute material imitation wild cultivation of auricularia heimuer.

[0054] In order to further illustrate the present invention, the technical scheme provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and embodiments, but they cannot be understood as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] An edible mushroom spawn plastic mold consists of the following structures:

[0057] It includes an embedded cover 1 and a conical hollow plastic mold body 2; the conical hollow plastic mold body 2 successively includes a protruding edge 3 from top to bottom, a hollow cylindrical section 4 with one end surface connected to one side surface of the protruding edge 3, and a plurality of arc-shaped strip claws 5 connected to the other end surface of the hollow cylindrical section 4. The arc-shaped strip claws 5 are evenly distributed and form a hollow structure, as Figures 3 to 6 shown, where Figure 3 is the front view of the edible mushroom spawn plastic mold, Figure 4 is the bottom view of the edible mushroom spawn plastic, Figure 5 is the longitudinal sectional view of the edible mushroom spawn plastic mold, Figure 6 is the top view of the edible mushroom spawn plastic mold.

[0058] Example 2

[0059] An edible mushroom spawn plastic mold consists of the following structures:

[0060] It includes an embedded cover 1 and a conical hollow plastic mold body 2; the embedded cover 1 is a hollow cylinder and contains a middle protrusion 6, and the conical hollow plastic mold body 2 has a groove 7 fitted with the hollow protrusion 6; the conical hollow plastic mold body 2 successively includes a protruding edge 3 from top to bottom, a hollow cylindrical section 4 with one end surface connected to one side surface of the protruding edge 3, and a plurality of arc-shaped strip claws 5 connected to the other end surface of the hollow cylindrical section 4. The arc-shaped strip claws 5 are evenly distributed and form a hollow structure, as Figures 3 to 4 and Figures 6 - 7 shown, where Figure 3 is the front view of the edible mushroom spawn plastic mold, Figure 4 is the bottom view of the edible mushroom spawn plastic, Figure 6 is the top view of the edible mushroom spawn plastic mold, Figure 7 is the longitudinal sectional view of the edible mushroom spawn plastic mold with the embedded cover 1 being hollow.

[0061] Example 3

[0062] A preparation method for an edible mushroom spawn plastic mold is as follows:

[0063] According to the edible mushroom spawn molding structure shown in Example 2, the inner cover 1 and the conical hollow mold body 2 of the edible mushroom spawn mold are respectively prepared by two-step injection molding, and the two are combined to obtain the edible mushroom spawn mold. Among them, the height of the conical hollow mold body 2 in the edible mushroom spawn mold is 30 mm, the diameters of the upper end face and the lower end face of the inner cover 1 are both 17.5 mm, the outer diameter of the middle protrusion 6 is 18.2 mm, the inner diameter is 13.9 mm, the height of the inner cover 1 is 2.5 mm, and the thickness is 1.5 mm; the outer diameter of the protruding edge 3 is 23 mm, the inner diameter is 20.6 mm, and the thickness is 1.2 mm; the height of the hollow cylindrical section 4 is 7.0 mm, the maximum outer diameter is 20.6 mm, and the side wall thickness is 1.9 mm; the number of the arc-shaped strip claws 5 is 6, the width of the connection end with the hollow cylindrical section 4 is 16.8 mm, the width of the end is 10.0 mm, and the radian is 8.5 degrees; the material is polypropylene, and the physical picture is as Figure 8 shown.

[0064] Example 4

[0065] A preparation method for granular cultivated species of edible mushrooms is as follows:

[0066] Prepare the culture material for edible mushrooms: Weigh 78.1% of sawdust, 19.5% of wheat bran, 1.2% of gypsum powder and 1.2% of sugar according to the mass percentage requirements, put them into the mixing tank and pre-mix with water. Control the moisture content of the culture material at 60%. After the culture material is mixed evenly, add the mold prepared in Example 3 and stir and mix, so that the culture material fills into the hollow inner cavity of the mold, and obtain the edible mushroom spawn mold particles with the inner cavity filled with the culture material, as Figure 9 shown. Then lift and transport the mixture of the edible mushroom spawn mold particles with the inner cavity filled with the culture material and the culture material to the loading platform. A micro-vibration screening device is installed at the front end of the loading platform to separate the mold particles filled with the culture material from the unfilled culture material. Most of the unfilled culture material is sent back to the mixing tank. On the loading platform, put the mold particles filled with the culture material into plastic tube bags. The outer diameter of the tube bag is 15 cm and the length is 28 cm. Each bag contains 96 - 100 grains. After loading, put 20 - 30 g of culture material into the upper layer near the mouth of the bag, so that the mycelium can quickly consume the material after inoculating the original seed block. The loaded spawn bags must be tied and sterilized. When the spawn bags cool down to below 25 °C (outer surface of the bag) or below 30 °C (temperature inside the bag), open the mouth of the spawn bag in a sterile room or inoculation box, use a disinfected tool to take 15 - 20 g of edible mushroom original seed and put it into the spawn bag and then tie it and culture for about 45 days. Wait for the mycelium to fill up to obtain the bagged granular cultivated species.

[0067] Application Example 1

[0068] The application of granular cultivated species of edible mushrooms in the production of Auricularia auricula mushroom sticks (cultivation bags) is as follows:

[0069] 1) Formula of the mushroom stick culture medium: By mass percentage, sawdust is 78.5%, wheat bran is 20%, lime is 0.5%, and gypsum powder is 1%;

[0070] 2) Bagging of the mushroom sticks: Prepare materials according to the formula, mix the raw materials, add water and mix evenly. Control the water content of the culture medium at 52% and the pH value at 5.5. The specifications of the bags are 15 cm × 55 cm, and the material is polypropylene. Each bag is filled with 1.5 kg of materials;

[0071] 3) Sterilize the mushroom sticks by high-pressure steam sterilization method;

[0072] 4) Refer to the preparation method in Example 4 to prepare the bagged granular cultivated species of Auricularia auricula;

[0073] 5) Inoculate using a pedal-operated punching inoculation box. The specific steps are as follows: Install the punching component of the commercially available pedal-operated punching device into the inoculation box, clean and disinfect the space inside the inoculation box. Move the mushroom sticks to be inoculated in step 3) and the bagged granular cultivated species of Auricularia auricula prepared in step 4) into the inoculation box. Then, perform aerosol disinfection on the inside of the inoculation box with a disinfectant. Disinfect the punching component and hands with 75% by volume of alcohol. Then, use the pedal-operated punching device to punch 3 - 4 inoculation ports on the same side of the mushroom stick that match the size of the granular cultivated species of edible fungi. The diameter of the inoculation port hole is 2 cm, and the depth of the hole is 3.5 cm. Manually open the mouth of the strain bag, use it while opening, take out the granular cultivated species of edible fungi and put it into the inoculation port, put one grain in each hole, and compact the plastic film of the strain bag at the inoculation port with the plastic mold protruding edge of the granular cultivated species of edible fungi to complete one inoculation operation. The inoculated mushroom sticks are transferred out of the inoculation box, without covering with a plastic bag again, and directly stacked and entered the mushroom cultivation link for the conventional mushroom cultivation management of Auricularia auricula.

[0074] Application Example 2

[0075] Application of the granular cultivated species of edible fungi in the production of the mushroom sticks (cultivation bags) of Auricularia polytricha. The steps are as follows:

[0076] Refer to the method in Application Example 1 for the said application, with the difference being the operation in step 5) is different. Specifically: When the surface temperature of the spawn bags after disinfection and sterilization in step 3) drops below 25°C, the disinfection and inoculation process can be entered. The open rapid inoculation method is used for inoculation, and the inoculation personnel are reasonably allocated to ensure seamless connection. There should be no dust flying in the inoculation site. Clean agricultural film is spread on the muddy ground, and strict site disinfection work before inoculation is carried out. Before inoculation, the spawn bags and granular cultivated species in bags are covered with plastic film for aerosol disinfection. The drill bit of the puncher contacting the spawn bag and the hands should be disinfected with benzalkonium bromide. During inoculation, one person wipes the surface of one side of the spawn bag with benzalkonium bromide disinfectant, and then one person uses a hand-held electric puncher to punch 3 - 4 inoculation holes on the single side of the spawn bag wiped with disinfectant. The diameter of the inoculation hole is 2 cm, and the depth is 3.5 cm. One person opens the mouth of the spawn bag, uses it while opening, takes out the Auricularia polytricha granular cultivated species and puts it into the inoculation hole, putting one grain in each hole. The plastic mold protruding edge of the Auricularia polytricha granular cultivated species compacts the plastic film of the spawn bag at the inoculation hole to complete one inoculation operation. The inoculated spawn bags are not covered with plastic bags anymore and directly enter the spawn-running stage, and are managed according to the spawn-running management requirements of Auricularia polytricha.

[0077] Application Example 3

[0078] The application of granular cultivated species of edible fungi in the production of Lentinula edodes spawn bags (cultivation bags), the steps are the same as those in Application Example 2. The inoculated Lentinula edodes spawn bags are not covered with plastic bags anymore and can directly enter the spawn-running stage.

[0079] Application Example 4

[0080] The application of granular cultivated species of edible fungi in the substitute material imitation wild cultivation process of Auricularia auricula (the distance between the ear-growing site and the spawn bag production site is within 20 kilometers), the steps are as follows:

[0081] 1) Culture medium formula: Prepare raw materials according to the formula with 78.5% sawdust, 20% wheat bran, 0.5% lime, and 1% gypsum powder by mass percentage. Mix the raw materials evenly, control the water content of the culture medium at 52%, and the pH value at 5.5.

[0082] 2) Bagging process: The specification of the bag is a 15 cm × 55 cm polypropylene bag, and each bag is filled with 1.5 kg of material. Use a bagging machine for bagging. When bagging, it is required to finish bagging the mixed material within 5 hours.

[0083] 3) When picking up the spawn bags, carefully check whether there are any holes in the spawn bags by visual inspection and touching with hands. If there are holes, immediately stick them with tape.

[0084] 4) Sterilization process: Use high-pressure steam sterilization: at 110°C for 12 hours. When sterilizing, the spawn bags are placed in an iron basket to facilitate the internal air circulation.

[0085] 5) When the temperature of the spawn bags drops to 70°C after sterilization, take them out of the pot while it is still hot and send the spawn bags to the cooling room for cooling.

[0086] 6) Refer to the preparation method in Example 4 to prepare the bagged granular cultivated species of Auricularia auricula;

[0087] 7) Refer to the method in Application Example 1 to inoculate the granular cultivated species of Auricularia auricula prepared in step 6) onto the fungus sticks obtained in step 5);

[0088] 8) Place the inoculated fungus sticks in the disinfected fungus cultivation shed (room), and use the multi-layer stacking method for fungus cultivation. Specifically: First, sprinkle a layer of slaked lime on the ground in the fungus cultivation shed for insecticidal and bactericidal purposes. 24 hours before the fungus sticks are stacked, spray the ground with a carbendazim solution with a mass concentration of 0.2% for disinfection, and then lay a layer of plastic film on the ground. Stack 7 - 10 layers of fungus sticks. When stacking, maintain a good distance between stacks to ensure heat dissipation and ventilation, avoid the occurrence of burning the fungus and suffocating the sticks, and also facilitate personnel to walk around and check the fungus sticks; the temperature in the fungus cultivation shed is 25°C - 28°C. Open the doors and windows in the morning and evening for ventilation and cooling, and close the sunshade net from 9:00 to 16:00 for shading and cooling to prevent direct sunlight. In hot weather, spraying measures can also be taken on the outside and the ceiling of the cultivation shed for cooling. Auricularia auricula is an aerobic fungus and is sensitive to oxygen. During the entire cultivation process, it is necessary to ensure that the air around the fungus sticks is fresh and circulating, and strengthen the ventilation and air exchange in the shed (room). If there are fungus sticks contaminated with miscellaneous bacteria, they should be promptly treated. The mycelium growth stage of Auricularia auricula does not require light. Light has a stimulating effect on the mycelium of Auricularia auricula, can promote the formation of ear buds, and affect the normal growth of the mycelium. Therefore, dark conditions should be provided during cultivation, and the light intensity should be controlled below 100 Lx; after 35 - 40 days, the mycelium fills the entire stick. After the mycelium fills the stick, use temperature difference stimulation and expose it to light, and continue to cultivate for 2 days before opening holes;

[0089] 9) Select a plot with sufficient sunlight, good ventilation, relatively flat terrain, easy drainage, and close to a water source as the ear field. Dig drainage ditches around it. The drainage ditches are 0.5 m wide and 0.2 m deep. Level the plot to make beds with a width of 2 m and an unlimited length. The drainage ditches between beds are 40 cm wide and 10 cm deep. Set up wooden frames on the beds. The wooden frames are 1.2 - 1.5 m wide, and the distance between frames is 0.5 - 0.6 m. Install a water spraying facility before arranging the fungus sticks. When installing the water spraying facility, the main pipe with an outer diameter of 40 - 50 mm is connected to the water source, and the branch pipes with an outer diameter of 20 mm are laid in the field in the same direction as the wire frame. The distance between nozzles is 2 m, and the height of the nozzles from the ground is 80 cm.

[0090] 10) After the spawn bags are fully colonized by mycelium for 7 - 10 days, make holes and transfer them to the field. A punching machine can be used to make holes. Determine the number of holes per bag according to the variety. The hole depth is 0.5 - 1 cm, and the opening closest to the ground should be more than 5 cm above the ground. Avoid strong light, strong wind, and heavy rain days when making holes. Immediately transfer them to the field for arranging after making holes. In case of bad weather, holes can be made first, and then stack them in a "well" shape in the spawn cultivation shed for 3 days, and transfer them to the field after the wounds heal. Note that when operating the punching machine, use a potassium permanganate solution with a mass concentration of 0.1% to clean and disinfect the parts of the punching machine that come into contact with the spawn bags. Spread 40 kg of lime powder per mu on the surface of the cultivation bed for disinfection, then lay a layer of agricultural plastic film or dry straw on the ground, and then stretch 2 - mm thick iron wires on the wooden frame of the cultivation bed to support the Auricularia auricula spawn bags. Spray carbendazim 500 times to disinfect the cultivation bed before placing the spawn bags. Place the spawn bags in a "V" shape on the wire rack, with a distance of 5 - 6 cm between bags. When placing the bags, the tied end of the spawn bag should face upward, and then enter the stage of sunning the bags. In the "V" - shaped placement and ear - growing mode in the field, in the first 3 - 5 days after the spawn bags are transferred to the field, the sunny side of the spawn bags should be exposed to sunlight for at least two days until they turn white for color conversion, then turn the spawn bags around and turn them over for sunning to ensure uniform and vigorous growth of the mycelium. If the sunlight is strong every day, do not sun continuously for 5 days, otherwise there is a possibility of burning the bags. Turn the bags after sunning for two days. After the spawn bags turn white after 5 - 7 days of sunning and the color conversion is normal 10 days after being transferred to the field, water can be supplemented according to needs. How much water to supplement and how to supplement it depend on the weather, temperature, and humidity. Generally, if there is dew on the spawn bags in the morning, no water needs to be supplemented; if it is continuously sunny and the spawn bags are too dry, a little water can be appropriately supplemented. The spraying amount is determined by the spawn bags and the weather, and the spraying should be uniform to ensure the spawn bags have appropriate humidity;

[0091] 11) After the spawn bags are transferred to the field and undergo sunning the bags and water supplement and moisture retention for 20 - 30 days, the ear primordia at the ventilation openings are basically formed. They need a temperature difference between day and night and rain to germinate. If the weather is dry, spray water in the morning and evening, with each spraying time about 5 minutes, and gradually increase the time according to the situation of the spawn bags. The water - supply principle: supply water only when the ear primordia are seen, and supply water for a short time;

[0092] 12) The key points for ear - growing management: If the climate is suitable and the management is proper, generally, ear - growing starts after 20 days. The water - supply principle during the ear - growing period: on sunny days, supply water in the morning and evening according to the size of the ear primordia. Starting from the growth stage when the ear grows out and hangs at the ventilation opening, the water - supply time increases from a few minutes to more than ten minutes and then gradually increases. Generally, after supplying water for a few days, the ear lobes grow out. After the ear lobes grow out, stop watering only when the ear primordia are seen to swell. About one week before normal management and ear - picking, supply a large amount of water (that is, supply water in two stages, first supply water for half an hour, stop for 10 - 20 minutes, and then supply water for 1.5 hours).

[0093] 13) After ear picking, enter the next tidal management. Manage according to the weather conditions after ear picking. In case of sunny days with high temperature and strong sunlight, give a short-term small amount of water for cooling and moisturizing in the evening on the second day after ear picking. In case of continuous cloudy days, no water is needed within 3 - 4 days after ear picking. After the new ear base grows out, enter the ear-growing period management again.

[0094] Application Example 5

[0095] The application of granular cultivated species of edible fungi in the artificial wild-like cultivation technology of Auricularia auricula on substitute materials (the ear-growing site is more than 20 kilometers away from the stick-making production area), the steps are as follows:

[0096] Carry out according to the steps in Application Example 4, the difference is that the formula of the culture material in step 1) is 76.5% sawdust, 10% wheat bran, 10% rice bran, 2% soybean powder, 0.5% lime and 1% gypsum, the water content of the culture medium is controlled at 55%, and the pH value is 6;

[0097] After step 5) sterilization, load the fungus sticks together with the iron baskets into the car and transport them to the fungus shed at the ear-growing site for cooling. This cultivation technology requires good road conditions during transportation, the road surface is flat and not bumpy.

[0098] Adopt the method in Application Example 4 or 5 for the artificial wild-like cultivation of Auricularia auricula on substitute materials. For fungus sticks with the same formula, the same fungus bag specifications and the same production process, using the granular cultivated species of the present invention, compared with the artificial wild-like cultivation technology of Auricularia auricula on substitute materials using conventional matrix-type cultivated species ("High-yield Cultivation Technology Regulations for Auricularia auricula in Alpine Mountainous Areas with Melting Water" - Achievement Registration Number: 2022F012Y003528), the average dry Auricularia auricula with the same water content per stick increases from 110 grams to 121 grams, and the yield increases by 10%.

[0099] Although the above embodiments have described the present invention in detail, they are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments without creative work based on this embodiment, and these embodiments all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An edible fungus strain mold, characterized in that: The invention comprises an embedded cover (1) and a cone-like hollow plastic mold body (2); the cone-like hollow plastic mold body (2) comprises a protruding edge (3), a hollow cylindrical section (4) whose one end face is connected to a side face of the protruding edge (3), and a plurality of arc-shaped strip claws (5) connected to the other end face of the hollow cylindrical section (4); the arc-shaped strip claws (5) are evenly distributed and form a hollow structure; the ends of the plurality of arc-shaped strip claws (5) away from the hollow cylindrical section (4) are not connected to each other; The thickness of the side wall of the hollow cylindrical section (4) is 1.2 to 2.2 mm; the thickness of the arc-shaped strip claw (5) is the same as the thickness of the side wall of the hollow cylindrical section (4); The inner cover (1) is a hollow cylindrical body, and the inner cover (1) includes a central protrusion (6); the cone-shaped hollow mold body (2) includes a groove (7) that is engaged with the central protrusion (6).

2. The edible fungus strain mold according to claim 1, characterized in that The difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the protruding edge (3) is 2.4 to 4.0 mm; and the thickness of the protruding edge (3) is 1.2 to 2.2 mm.

3. The edible fungus strain mold according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The material of the edible fungus strain mold is renewable thermoplastic plastic.

4. The method for preparing the edible fungus strain mold according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The preparation is carried out by a two-step injection molding method or a one-step injection molding method.

5. A granular cultivar of edible fungi, characterized in that: Including edible fungus strain molds, culture materials and edible fungus original species; The culture medium is filled with the inner cavity of the edible fungus strain mold; the mycelia of the edible fungus original strain are spread throughout the culture medium; The edible fungus strain mold is the edible fungus strain mold according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the edible fungus strain mold prepared by the preparation method according to claim 4.

6. The method for preparing the edible fungus granular cultivar according to claim 5, characterized in that: The steps include: The edible fungus mold according to any one of claims 1 to 3 or the edible fungus mold prepared by the preparation method according to claim 4 is mixed and stirred with a culture medium to obtain edible fungus mold particles whose inner cavity is filled with the culture medium; After the culturing device is filled with the molded edible fungi spawn particles filled with the culture material, the original edible fungi spawn is introduced into the culture material for culturing until the culturing device is covered with hyphae to obtain the edible fungi granular cultivated spawn.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that After the inner cavity is filled with the edible fungus molded particles of the culture material and the culture material is filled up to fill up the culture material culture device, a layer of culture material is added to the tied opening of the culture material culture device.

8. Use of the edible fungus strain mold according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the edible fungus strain mold prepared by the preparation method according to claim 4, or the edible fungus granular cultivation species according to claim 5 in edible fungus cultivation.

Images