A secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor

Abstract

The present invention discloses a secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor, comprising a primary part and a secondary part, wherein the primary part is composed of a plurality of primary units with the same structure, the primary unit comprising a primary iron core and an armature winding, each primary iron core having a plurality of salient pole iron cores as primary tooth parts, and the armature winding is wound on the primary teeth; the secondary part is composed of a plurality of secondary iron cores, permanent magnets and a fixed shaft, each secondary iron core having a yoke part and a tooth part, the tooth part of the secondary iron core corresponding to the tooth part of the primary iron core; the permanent magnet is embedded in the yoke part of the secondary iron core, and the magnetization direction of the permanent magnets in the adjacent secondary iron cores in the direction of movement is the same. The present invention can realize the decoupling of each phase of the motor and the mutual independence of the electromagnetics; according to different occasions, the secondary permanent magnets can be built into each secondary iron core in blocks, or can be combined into one piece along the axial direction to penetrate the secondary structure, so that the motor has the advantages of high efficiency, high force density, high utilization rate of permanent magnets, flexible design, etc.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor, belonging to the field of new motor design. Background Art

[0002] When driving a linear motion load, the linear motor eliminates the conversion mechanism of the rotary motor from rotation to linear motion, so it has the advantages of simple overall structure, high position accuracy, fast response speed, low noise, etc., which improves the efficiency of the entire system. In recent years, with the increasing application of linear drives, linear motors have gradually become one of the hot spots of research and development, and have been widely used in military industry, aerospace, rail transportation, electromagnetic catapults and other fields.

[0003] The motion direction of the transverse flux linear permanent magnet motor is perpendicular to the plane where the motor magnetic field path is located. The motor circuit and motor magnetic circuit are relatively independent. Compared with traditional motors, the transverse flux motor has the characteristics of high torque density, flexible design, electromagnetic load decoupling, convenient control, and excellent low-speed characteristics. Its application field is also expanding, especially for low-speed and high-power drive occasions. The transverse flux motor greatly shortens the magnetic circuit length, reduces the amount of ferromagnetic materials and iron loss, and increases the magnetic energy change rate within a certain range, thereby increasing the output of the motor.

[0004] According to the different placement positions of permanent magnets, existing linear motors can be divided into secondary permanent magnet type and primary permanent magnet type. Secondary permanent magnet linear motors have the longest research history, and their influence and application are more extensive. Traditional secondary permanent magnet linear motors are mostly surface-mounted, and are alternately magnetized along the direction of motor movement, and leakage magnetic circuits are prone to exist between adjacent permanent magnets. When the motor pole arc coefficient is large, the leakage magnetic field between permanent magnets is more obvious, which limits the increase in the volume of permanent magnets in the motor and reduces the space utilization rate of permanent magnets. Therefore, it is difficult to further improve the thrust density of traditional secondary permanent magnet linear motors. Some experts and scholars have also proposed using Halbach permanent magnet arrays in secondary permanent magnet linear motors to achieve the effect of using fewer permanent magnets to produce a stronger and more ideal sinusoidal magnetic field, but due to the complex arrangement structure of the Halbach permanent magnet array, it will bring problems such as difficult assembly and high manufacturing costs. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the above problems, the present invention proposes a secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor, which has the advantages of phase isolation and decoupling and electromagnetic independence. The permanent magnets in the motor are embedded in the yoke of the secondary magnetic conductive component. The magnetization directions of the permanent magnets in adjacent secondary magnetic conductive components in the direction of movement are the same, which can reduce leakage flux and thus improve the utilization rate of the permanent magnets. According to the production requirements of different occasions, the secondary permanent magnets can be built into each secondary magnetic conductive component in blocks, or they can be combined into one body along the axial direction and penetrate the secondary structure. At the same time, the motor has the advantages of high efficiency, high force density, flexible design, convenient control, excellent low-speed characteristics and relatively low manufacturing cost.

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0007] A secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor comprises a primary part and a secondary part. The primary part is composed of a number of primary units with the same structure, and the primary unit includes a primary iron core and an armature winding. Each primary iron core has a plurality of salient pole cores as primary teeth, wherein the primary teeth can be V-shaped or have a salient pole structure with pole shoes, and the armature winding is wound on the primary teeth; the secondary part is composed of a number of secondary magnetic conductive components, permanent magnets and a fixed shaft, and each secondary magnetic conductive component has a yoke and a tooth portion, and the tooth portion of the secondary magnetic conductive component should correspond to the tooth portion of the primary iron core, so the shape of the tooth portion of the secondary magnetic conductive component changes accordingly with the change of the shape of the tooth portion of the primary iron core; the permanent magnet is always embedded in the secondary magnetic conductive component, and it is only necessary to ensure that the magnetic poles of adjacent permanent magnets in the same secondary magnetic conductive component that are close to each other are the same, and the magnetization directions of the permanent magnets in adjacent secondary magnetic conductive components in the direction of motor movement are consistent; the permanent magnet can be embedded in the yoke of the secondary magnetic conductive component in blocks, and can also be combined into a whole along the axial direction to run through the entire secondary part. Adjacent secondary magnetic conductive components are alternately arranged in different directions and fixed on a fixed shaft made of non-magnetic conductive material.

[0008] When the primary tooth portion is a salient pole structure with a single-sided pole shoe, the secondary magnetic conductive component tooth portion corresponds to the entire area of ​​the primary tooth, and an arc-shaped air gap is formed between the two.

[0009] When the primary tooth portion is V-shaped, the tooth portion of the secondary magnetic conductive component is an oblique structure, and the adjacent secondary magnetic conductive components only correspond to half the area of ​​the primary tooth, forming an oblique air gap between the two; in this case, the teeth portion of the secondary magnetic conductive component has no overlapping part in the direction of movement.

[0010] The number of primary teeth in the primary unit and the number of teeth of the secondary magnetic conductive component are the same as the number of poles of the motor, which is N (N=1, 2, 3, 4...).

[0011] The secondary permanent magnets can be combined axially to form an integrally penetrating secondary structure. The number of the secondary permanent magnets is the same as the number of motor poles N, and the length of each permanent magnet is equal to the length of the secondary structure.

[0012] The secondary permanent magnets can be built into the yoke of each secondary magnetic conductive component in blocks. The number of secondary permanent magnets is K×N, where K is the number of secondary magnetic conductive components on the fixed axis. The length of each permanent magnet is equal to the stacking thickness of the secondary magnetic conductive component.

[0013] Regardless of the method used to embed the permanent magnets in the secondary structure, it is only necessary to ensure that the magnetization directions of the permanent magnets in adjacent secondary magnetic conductive components in the axial direction are the same and consistent with the flow direction of the magnetic flux inside the motor.

[0014] The secondary magnetic conductive component spacing The thickness of the secondary magnetic conductive component The relationship .

[0015] Each phase winding in the motor can not only be directly wound around the primary magnetic pole, but also form a loop structure through the primary iron core slot.

[0016] The number of the primary units is an integer multiple of the number of motor phases.

[0017] The linear motor can act as both a generator and a motor.

[0018] The working principle of the present invention is: when the primary unit is aligned with different secondary magnetic conductive components, the permanent magnet generates magnetic flux in different directions in the winding. Therefore, when the motor secondary moves along the direction of motion (i.e., the primary and secondary produce relative displacement), the primary unit and different secondary magnetic conductive components are alternately aligned and changed - the teeth of different secondary magnetic conductive components are aligned with the primary teeth of the primary unit, so that the magnetic flux of the winding passing through the primary teeth is alternately changed, and the corresponding induced electromotive force will be induced in the armature winding, and a continuous thrust will be generated when the corresponding alternating current is applied to the winding. By reasonably arranging the spacing between the primary units and the spacing between the secondary magnetic conductive components, and reasonably energizing each phase winding of the primary unit according to the relative position between the primary and secondary in the direction of motion, a continuous thrust can be generated.

[0019] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0020] (1) The motor adopts a transverse flux structure, which has the characteristics of high torque density, flexible design, electromagnetic load decoupling, convenient control, excellent low-speed characteristics and high efficiency;

[0021] (2) The motor has a simple and compact structure, is easy to assemble, and has high space utilization;

[0022] (3) The motor can adopt an irregular air gap structure to increase the air gap area and enhance the mutual inductance between the motor's equivalent permanent magnet winding and armature winding;

[0023] (4) The secondary permanent magnets distributed along the direction of motor movement have the same magnetization direction, which can reduce the magnetic leakage between permanent magnets and thus improve the utilization rate of permanent magnets;

[0024] (5) The layout of the permanent magnets in the secondary is flexible and can be divided into multiple pieces and built into each secondary core, or it can be made into a whole and run through the secondary structure along the axial direction;

[0025] (6) The primary winding coil can adopt a circular structure, which reduces the amount of copper used in the motor and reduces the manufacturing cost;

[0026] (7) Each primary unit is independent of each other, and the motor has high reliability and strong fault tolerance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] FIG. 1( a ) is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-phase four-pole arc-shaped air-gap cylindrical secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor according to the present invention.

[0028] FIG1( b ) is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-phase four-pole slanted air-gap cylindrical secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 The present invention is a structural schematic diagram of a three-phase four-pole arc-shaped air-gap cylindrical secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor using a winding assembly.

[0030] FIG. 3 ( a ) is a schematic diagram of the primary unit structure of a three-phase four-pole arc-shaped air-gap cylindrical secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor according to the present invention.

[0031] FIG3( b ) is a schematic diagram of the structure of a primary unit of a three-phase four-pole skew air-gap cylindrical secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor according to the present invention.

[0032] FIG. 4 ( a ) is a schematic diagram of the secondary unit structure of a three-phase four-pole arc-shaped air-gap cylindrical secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor of the present invention.

[0033] FIG4( b ) is a schematic diagram of the secondary unit structure of a three-phase four-pole skew air-gap cylindrical secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor of the present invention.

[0034] FIG5( a ) is a schematic diagram of the end view structure of a three-phase four-pole arc-shaped air-gap cylindrical secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor of the present invention and a schematic diagram of the magnetization direction of the secondary permanent magnet.

[0035] FIG5( b ) is a schematic diagram of the end view structure of a three-phase four-pole skew air-gap cylindrical secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor of the present invention and a schematic diagram of the magnetization direction of the secondary permanent magnet.

[0036] FIG6 (a-1) is a schematic top view of the secondary structure of a three-phase four-pole cylindrical arc-shaped air-gap secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor according to the present invention.

[0037] FIG6 (a-2) is a schematic side view of the secondary structure of a three-phase four-pole cylindrical arc-shaped air-gap secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor of the present invention.

[0038] FIG6 ( b - 1 ) is a schematic top view of the secondary structure of a three-phase four-pole cylindrical skew air-gap secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor of the present invention.

[0039] FIG6 ( b - 2 ) is a schematic side view of the secondary structure of a three-phase four-pole cylindrical skew air-gap secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor of the present invention.

[0040] FIG. 7( a ) is a schematic diagram of the block distribution of permanent magnets in a three-phase four-pole cylindrical secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor of the present invention.

[0041] FIG. 7( b ) is a schematic diagram of a permanent magnet penetrating a secondary mechanism in a three-phase four-pole cylindrical secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the magnetic flux flow direction when the secondary magnetic conductive component 3 and the secondary magnetic conductive component 4 of a three-phase four-pole cylindrical secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor of the present invention are aligned with the primary unit respectively.

[0043] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a three-phase four-pole cylindrical secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor of the present invention;

[0044] Among them, 1. primary magnetic conductive material, 2. primary coil winding, 3. secondary magnetic conductive component, 4. secondary magnetic conductive component, 5. secondary permanent magnet, 6. secondary magnetic conductive component fixing shaft. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0045] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. The number of phases of the motor in the embodiment is 3, the number of poles of the motor is 4, and there are 6 secondary magnetic conductive components in total.

[0046] As shown in FIG1 (a), a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-phase four-pole arc-shaped air-gap cylindrical secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor is shown, which includes a primary part and a secondary part. The primary part includes a plurality of primary units with the same structure. The primary unit is composed of a primary iron core and an armature winding. Each primary iron core has four salient pole cores with pole shoes as the primary tooth part, and the armature winding is wound on the primary teeth. In addition, the armature winding can also be as shown in FIG1 (a). Figure 2As shown, a loop structure is formed in the primary core slot; the secondary part is composed of a secondary core, a permanent magnet and a fixed shaft arranged in sequence. The secondary core has a yoke and a tooth. The secondary core tooth has a single-sided pole shoe corresponding to the primary tooth, and an arc-shaped air gap is formed between the two. The secondary permanent magnet is placed in the secondary core yoke along the circumferential direction and penetrates the secondary structure along the axial direction. After the secondary core and the permanent magnet are combined, they are installed on a fixed shaft made of non-magnetic material to form a secondary whole. The primary and secondary magnetic conductive materials are laminated by core silicon steel sheets.

[0047] Each primary unit includes a primary core 1 and a coil winding 2; the secondary part consists of secondary cores 3 and 4 with different installation methods, permanent magnets 5 and a fixed shaft 6. The secondary cores 3 and 4 each have four teeth, and the teeth on the two cores are staggered, corresponding to the primary magnetic teeth. In three phases, the primary units of different phases are spaced 120° apart from each other to form each phase of the motor. The number of primary units and the number of secondary cores of the motor are not limited to this, and can be increased or decreased according to actual conditions such as the number of motor phases and length. The windings of the primary units of the same phase are connected in series or in parallel with each other, and the windings in the same primary unit can be connected in series or in parallel with each other.

[0048] As shown in Figure 1 (b), this is a schematic diagram of the structure of a three-phase four-pole slanted air gap cylindrical secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor. The overall structural composition is similar to the motor in Figure 1 (a). The shape of the primary core tooth portion becomes V-shaped, and the corresponding secondary core tooth portion shape becomes an oblique structure and occupies half the area of ​​the primary tooth, forming an oblique air gap between the two.

[0049] Figures 3 (a) and (b) are schematic diagrams of the primary unit structure of a three-phase four-pole arc-shaped air gap and slanted air gap cylindrical secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the primary unit also includes a primary iron core 1 and an armature winding 2. The primary iron core has four salient pole cores evenly distributed along the circumference as the primary tooth portion, and the armature winding is wound on the primary tooth portion. The primary tooth portion in Figure 3 (a) is a salient pole structure with a pole shoe, and the primary tooth portion in Figure 3 (b) is V-shaped.

[0050] Fig. 4 (a) and (b) are schematic diagrams of the secondary unit structure of a three-phase four-pole arc-shaped air gap and skewed air gap cylindrical secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor of the present invention, which is composed of a secondary magnetic conductive component and a permanent magnet, and each secondary magnetic conductive component includes a magnetic conductive yoke and a tooth portion. The secondary iron core tooth portion in Fig. 4 (a) corresponds to the primary tooth portion in Fig. 3 (a), and is a structure with a single-sided pole shoe; the secondary iron core tooth portion in Fig. 4 (b) corresponds to the primary tooth portion in Fig. 3 (b), and is an oblique angle structure.

[0051] FIG5 (a) is a schematic diagram of the end view structure of a three-phase four-pole arc-shaped air gap cylindrical secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor of the present invention and a schematic diagram of the magnetization direction of the secondary permanent magnet. The magnetization direction of the secondary permanent magnet of the motor can be as shown in the figure, or it can be magnetized in the opposite direction, as long as the magnetic poles of the adjacent permanent magnets that are close to each other are the same, and the magnetization directions of the permanent magnets in the adjacent secondary magnetic conductive parts in the direction of movement are consistent. It can be seen that an arc-shaped air gap is formed between the primary core tooth portion with pole shoes and the secondary core tooth portion.

[0052] FIG5(b) is a schematic diagram of the end view structure of a three-phase four-pole slanted air gap cylindrical secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor of the present invention and a schematic diagram of the magnetization direction of the secondary permanent magnet. The magnetization direction of the permanent magnet is consistent with that described in FIG5(a). It can be seen that a slanted air gap is formed between the V-shaped primary core tooth portion and the slanted secondary core tooth portion, which has the effect of increasing the air gap area and reducing the air gap magnetic resistance.

[0053] Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the secondary structure of a three-phase primary unit four-pole cylindrical double-sided permanent magnet excited transverse flux switching linear motor of the present invention, wherein Fig. 6 (a-1) and (a-2) are respectively a top view and a side view of the secondary part with a single-sided pole shoe, and Fig. 6 (b-1) and (b-2) are respectively a top view and a side view of the secondary part of the oblique structure. The secondary structure includes a secondary iron core 3, a secondary iron core 4, a secondary permanent magnet 5 and a fixed shaft 6. The secondary iron cores 3 and 4 have the same structure but different fixing directions, so that the magnetic flux of the motor winding changes when the motor is running. As can be seen from Fig. 6 (b-2), the teeth of the secondary iron core of the oblique structure do not overlap in the axial direction.

[0054] FIG7 is a schematic diagram of the secondary permanent magnet distribution of a three-phase primary unit four-pole cylindrical oblique air gap double-sided permanent magnet excitation transverse flux linear motor of the present invention, wherein FIG7 (a) is a structure in which the secondary permanent magnets are built into the yoke of each secondary magnetic conductive component in blocks, and the length of each permanent magnet is equal to the stack thickness of the secondary magnetic conductive component. Equal, a total of 24 permanent magnets are required. Figure 7 (b) shows the structure when the secondary permanent magnets penetrate the secondary without spacing in the axial direction. The overall length of the secondary permanent magnet is the same as the length of the secondary structure, and according to different manufacturing requirements, not only a whole permanent magnet can be used, but also multiple permanent magnets can be spliced ​​and combined into a whole. Regardless of the distribution method used, it is only necessary to ensure that the magnetization direction of the permanent magnets in the adjacent secondary magnetic conductive components in the axial direction is the same and consistent with the magnetic flux flow direction inside the motor.

[0055] Figure 8 From left to right, the diagram shows the magnetic flux flow direction when the secondary magnetic conductive component 3 is aligned with the primary unit and the magnetic flux flow direction when the secondary magnetic conductive component 4 is aligned with the primary unit. Figure 8It can be seen that during the secondary movement, from the alignment of the magnetic conductive component 3 with the primary unit to the alignment of the magnetic conductive component 4 with the primary unit, the direction of the winding flux and the direction of the magnetic flux flow inside the motor change, indicating that the motor principle is feasible and the structure is reliable.

[0056] Although the above describes the specific implementation mode of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications or variations that can be made by those skilled in the art on the basis of the technical solution of the present invention without creative work are still within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor, characterized in that: It includes two parts, the primary and the secondary. The primary part is composed of several primary units with the same structure. The primary unit includes a primary iron core and an armature winding. Each primary iron core has multiple salient pole cores as primary teeth. The primary teeth are V-shaped or salient pole structures with pole shoes. The armature winding is wound on the primary teeth. The secondary part is composed of several secondary iron cores, permanent magnets and fixed shafts. Each secondary iron core has a yoke and a tooth. The tooth of the secondary iron core should correspond to the tooth of the primary iron core. When the primary tooth is V-shaped, the secondary iron core tooth is an oblique structure. The primary tooth is V-shaped. When the tooth portion is a salient pole structure with a pole shoe, the secondary core tooth portion is a structure with a single-sided pole shoe; the permanent magnet is always embedded in the secondary core to ensure that the adjacent permanent magnets in the same secondary core have the same magnetic poles that are close to each other, and the magnetization directions of the permanent magnets in adjacent secondary magnetic conductive parts in the direction of motor movement are consistent; the permanent magnets are embedded in the secondary core yoke in blocks, or combined into a whole along the axial direction to pass through the entire secondary part; adjacent secondary cores are alternately arranged in different directions and fixed on a fixed shaft made of non-magnetic conductive material; the primary and secondary magnetic conductive materials can be made of laminated core silicon steel sheets.

2. A secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: When the primary tooth portion is a salient pole structure with a single-sided pole shoe, the secondary core tooth portion corresponds to the entire area of ​​the primary tooth, and an arc-shaped air gap is formed between the two.

3. A secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: When the primary teeth are V-shaped, the secondary core teeth are beveled structures, and adjacent secondary cores correspond to only half the area of ​​the primary teeth, forming an oblique air gap between the two. In this case, the secondary core teeth have no overlapping parts in the direction of movement.

4. A secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The number of primary teeth in the primary unit and the number of teeth in the secondary magnetic conductive component are the same as the number of poles of the motor, which are all N, N=1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

5. A secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: When the secondary permanent magnets are combined into a whole and penetrate the secondary structure along the axial direction, the number of the secondary permanent magnets is the same as the number of motor poles N, and the length of each permanent magnet is equal to the length of the secondary structure; If the secondary permanent magnets are built into the yoke of each secondary magnetic conductive component in blocks, the number of secondary permanent magnets is K×N, K is the number of secondary magnetic conductive components on the fixed shaft, and the length of each permanent magnet is equal to the thickness of the secondary magnetic conductive component.

6. A secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Each phase winding in the motor is directly wound around the primary magnetic pole, or forms a loop structure through the primary iron core slot.

7. A secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: An air gap exists between the teeth of the primary magnetic conductive component and the secondary magnetic conductive component, and the air gap structure includes an oblique air gap structure or an arc-shaped air gap structure.

8. A secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The secondary magnetic conductive component spacing l s and the thickness of the secondary magnetic conductive component τ s The relationship l s ≥τ s .

9. A secondary permanent magnet transverse flux linear motor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The electrical machine acts as a motor or as a generator.

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