A battery thermal management system and method for an engineering vehicle

Abstract

The present invention discloses a battery thermal management system and method for an engineering vehicle. The battery thermal management system is composed of a battery liquid flow circuit and a cargo compartment heating liquid flow circuit; the battery liquid flow circuit includes two parts, a circulating water circuit and a refrigerant circuit, and the two parts of the circulating water circuit and the refrigerant circuit are coupled through a four-way reversing valve; when the battery needs to be cooled, the battery liquid flow circuit and the cargo compartment liquid flow circuit operate in parallel. When the cargo compartment or the battery needs to be heated, the cargo compartment liquid flow circuit and the battery liquid flow circuit operate in series, bringing the heat generated by the braking heating element into the cargo compartment or the battery pack to achieve the functions of thawing frozen sand in the cargo compartment and heating the battery. The battery thermal management system realizes the improvement of the mining operation efficiency by recycling the braking waste heat, while ensuring the safety and lifespan of the battery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of new energy, and specifically relates to a battery heat management system and method for engineering vehicles. Background Art

[0002] With the development of motor, battery and control technologies, more and more large-scale mining equipment adopts electric drive, including electric excavators, electric loaders and pure electric mining dump trucks. Especially for pure electric dump trucks, they have an absolute advantage in the transportation of earthwork and stonework in large mines. As one of the important components of a pure electric dump truck, the performance of the battery system directly affects the driving range of the whole vehicle. The working environment of mining trucks is harsh. In low-temperature or high-temperature environments, the performance of the batteries of pure electric mining trucks is restricted to varying degrees. Therefore, a reliable battery heat management system is particularly important.

[0003] Traditional battery heat management systems need to frequently use compressors when cooling the battery, resulting in increased system power consumption and greatly reducing the reliability of high-voltage accessories; when heating the battery, they only rely on heating films, with a slow heating rate and no battery heat preservation function, reducing the transportation efficiency. In addition, the heat dissipation and cooling modes of traditional battery thermal management systems are relatively single, without shutdown heat preservation and self-circulation functions, and the covered methods are narrow. These factors all limit the performance of the whole vehicle to a certain extent.

[0004] To solve this problem, the present invention proposes a heat management system that can control the battery to achieve different heat dissipation methods according to the ambient temperature and battery temperature, and can recycle the heat generated by the battery in low-temperature environments and the heat generated by the braking heating element for cargo box heating, thereby realizing the function of frozen sand ablation. This not only reduces the energy consumption of the whole vehicle, improves the operation efficiency of the mine in low-temperature environments, but also improves the reliability of the battery system, effectively ensuring the safety and life of the battery. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Aiming at the problems of large differences in the operating environment temperature and complex temperature changes during the working process of pure electric mining dump trucks, the present invention provides a battery heat management system and method for engineering vehicles, which can handle the battery heat management problems under various complex working conditions, and at the same time recycle the heat generated during the battery operation and braking processes to realize the function of frozen sand ablation in low-temperature environments.

[0006] The present invention is realized according to the following technical solutions:

[0007] A battery heat management system for an engineering vehicle, which consists of a battery liquid flow circuit and a cargo compartment heating liquid flow circuit. The battery liquid flow circuit includes two parts: a circulating water circuit and a refrigerant circuit. The refrigerant circuit includes a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and an electronic fan; the circulating water circuit includes a battery pack, an inlet water temperature sensor, an outlet water temperature sensor, a second electronic water pump, a second electronic three-way valve, a third electronic three-way valve, a radiator, a plate heat exchanger, a liquid heater, a second expansion tank, and an electronic four-way reversing valve.

[0008] The cargo compartment heating circuit includes a brake heating element, a brake heat dissipation core, a cargo compartment heating core, a first electronic water pump, a first electronic three-way valve, and a first expansion tank.

[0009] The battery liquid flow circuit includes two parts: a circulating water circuit and a refrigerant circuit, which are coupled through a four-way reversing valve. The battery pack is provided with an in-package heating film.

[0010] In some embodiments, the four-way reversing valve includes two commutation modes: commutation mode A and commutation mode B. In commutation mode A, the second interface and the third interface of the four-way reversing valve are internally conducted, and the first interface and the fourth interface are internally conducted. In commutation mode B, the first interface and the second interface of the four-way reversing valve are internally conducted, and the third interface and the fourth interface are internally conducted. When the four-way reversing valve is in commutation mode A, the battery liquid flow circuit and the cargo compartment heating liquid flow circuit in the system are in a parallel relationship. When the four-way reversing valve is in commutation mode B, the battery liquid flow circuit and the cargo compartment heating liquid flow circuit in the system are in a series relationship.

[0011] When the battery needs to be cooled, the battery liquid flow circuit and the cargo compartment liquid flow circuit operate in parallel; when the cargo compartment or the battery needs to be heated, the cargo compartment liquid flow circuit and the battery liquid flow circuit operate in series, and the heat generated by the brake heating element is carried into the cargo compartment or the battery pack to realize the functions of thawing frozen sand in the cargo compartment and heating the battery.

[0012] In some embodiments, in the circulating water circuit for battery cooling or heating, the outlet of the battery pack is connected to the first end of the second electronic three-way valve, the second end of the second electronic three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the circulating water side of the plate heat exchanger, the third end of the second electronic three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the radiator, and after the outlet of the radiator and the outlet of the circulating water side of the plate heat exchanger converge, they are connected to the first end of the third electronic three-way valve. The second end of the third electronic three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the second electronic water pump through the liquid heater, and the third end of the third electronic three-way valve converges with the outlet of the liquid heater and is directly connected to the inlet of the second electronic water pump. The outlet of the second electronic water pump is connected to the third interface of the four-way reversing valve. The second interface of the four-way reversing valve is connected to the inlet of the battery pack. A second expansion tank is provided at the front end of the inlet of the second electronic water pump.

[0013] In some embodiments, in the cargo compartment heating liquid flow circuit, the braking heating element consumes energy and is converted into heat energy, which is released to the braking heat dissipation core. The outlet of the braking heat dissipation core is connected to the first end of the first electronic three-way valve. The second end of the first electronic three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the cargo compartment heating core. The outlet of the cargo compartment heating core is connected to the first interface of the electronic four-way reversing valve. After the third end of the first electronic three-way valve converges with the outlet of the cargo compartment heating core, it is also connected to the first interface of the four-way reversing valve. The fourth interface of the four-way reversing valve is connected to the inlet of the first electronic water pump. The outlet of the first electronic water pump is connected to the inlet of the braking heat dissipation core. A first expansion tank is provided at the front end of the inlet of the first electronic water pump.

[0014] In some embodiments, in the cargo compartment heating liquid flow circuit, the heat released by the braking heat dissipation core can be used to heat the circulating water in the cargo compartment liquid flow circuit. The cargo compartment heating cores are evenly embedded in the side panels of the dump truck cargo compartment. The inner surface of the side panel is made of a material with a high thermal conductivity coefficient, and the outer surface of the side panel is made of a material with a low thermal conductivity coefficient. When the circulating water flows through the cargo compartment heating cores, heat can be directionally released to the inner side of the side panel to achieve the function of melting frozen sand.

[0015] In some embodiments, the braking heating element includes a braking resistor, an eddy current retarder, a brake caliper, etc. The braking heating element is released to the braking heat dissipation core through heat conduction.

[0016] In some embodiments, the first electronic three-way valve, the second electronic three-way valve, and the third electronic three-way valve can be installed separately or integrally.

[0017] A battery heat management method for an engineering vehicle includes the following modes:

[0018] (1) Battery refrigeration mode: Detect the battery temperature and the ambient temperature. When the battery temperature > 30°C and the ambient temperature > 10°C, start the battery refrigeration mode. At this time, turn on the second electronic water pump, the electronic fan, the compressor, and the condenser. The third end of the second electronic three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the circulating water side of the plate heat exchanger. The third end of the third electronic three-way valve is connected to the second electronic water pump. The second interface and the third interface of the four-way reversing valve are internally conducted, and the first interface and the fourth interface are internally conducted, that is, in the commutation mode A. The battery cooling circuit and the cargo compartment heating circuit are in a parallel relationship. The circulating water flows from the battery pack water outlet through the second electronic three-way valve into the plate heat exchanger, exchanges heat with the refrigerant passing through the compressor and the condenser in the plate heat exchanger, and then returns to the battery pack through the third electronic three-way valve and the second interface and the third interface of the four-way reversing valve.

[0019] (2) Battery air-cooling mode: Detect the battery temperature and the ambient temperature. When the battery temperature > 30°C and the ambient temperature < 10°C, start the battery air-cooling mode. At this time, turn on the second electronic water pump and the electronic fan. The second end of the second electronic three-way valve is connected to the radiator, the third end of the third electronic three-way valve is connected to the second electronic water pump, and the second and third interfaces of the four-way reversing valve are internally conducted, and the first and fourth interfaces are internally conducted, that is, in commutation mode A, and the battery cooling circuit and the cargo compartment heating circuit are in a parallel relationship. The circulating water passes through the second electronic three-way valve from the battery pack water outlet and enters the radiator. After heat dissipation and cooling, it returns to the battery pack through the third electronic three-way valve and the second and third interfaces of the four-way reversing valve.

[0020] (3) Low-temperature battery heating mode: Detect the battery temperature and the ambient temperature. When the battery temperature < 0°C, start the low-temperature battery heating mode. Turn on the second electronic water pump, the liquid heater and the heating film inside the battery pack. The third end of the second electronic three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the plate heat exchanger circulating water side, the third end of the third electronic three-way valve is connected to the liquid heater, and the second and third interfaces of the four-way reversing valve are internally conducted, and the first and fourth interfaces are internally conducted, that is, in commutation mode A, and the battery cooling circuit and the cargo compartment heating circuit are in a parallel relationship. The circulating water passes through the second electronic three-way valve, the plate heat exchanger, and the third electronic three-way valve from the battery pack water outlet and enters the liquid heater. After heating, it returns to the battery pack through the second and third interfaces of the four-way reversing valve.

[0021] (4) Low-temperature cargo compartment heating + battery heating mode: Detect the battery temperature and the ambient temperature. When the battery temperature < 0°C and the ambient temperature < 0°C, start the low-temperature cargo compartment heating + battery heating mode. Turn on the first electronic water pump, the second electronic water pump, the liquid heater and the heating film inside the battery pack. The second end of the first electronic three-way valve is connected to the cargo compartment heating core, the third end of the second electronic three-way valve is connected to the plate heat exchanger, the second end of the third electronic three-way valve is connected to the liquid heater, and the four-way reversing valve is in commutation mode B, that is, the first and second interfaces are internally conducted, and the third and fourth interfaces are internally conducted. At this time, the battery liquid flow circuit and the cargo compartment liquid flow circuit operate in series. The circulating water passes through the second electronic three-way valve, the plate heat exchanger, and the third electronic three-way valve from the battery pack water outlet and enters the liquid heater. After heating, it enters the brake heat dissipation core through the third and fourth interfaces of the four-way reversing valve. After absorbing the heat generated by the brake heating element, it passes through the first electronic three-way valve and enters the cargo compartment heating core to release heat to the cargo compartment directionally, realizing the function of thawing frozen sand in the cargo compartment. Then it returns to the battery pack through the first and second interfaces of the four-way reversing valve, and the heat generated by the brake heating element and the liquid heater is used for battery heating.

[0022] (5) Battery self - circulation mode: Detect the battery temperature and the ambient temperature. When the battery temperature is between 15°C and 30°C and the ambient temperature > 0°C, start the battery self - circulation mode. Turn on the second electronic water pump. The third end of the second electronic three - way valve is connected to the inlet of the water - side of the plate heat exchanger, the third end of the third electronic three - way valve is connected to the second electronic water pump, the second and third interfaces of the four - way reversing valve are internally conducted, and the first and fourth interfaces are internally conducted, that is, in commutation mode A. The battery cooling circuit and the cargo compartment heating circuit are in a parallel relationship. The circulating water flows from the battery pack water outlet, passes through the second electronic three - way valve, the plate heat exchanger, then through the third electronic three - way valve and the second and third interfaces of the four - way reversing valve, and directly returns to the battery pack.

[0023] (6) Low - temperature cargo compartment heating + battery heat preservation mode: Detect the battery temperature and the ambient temperature. When the battery temperature is between 15°C and 30°C and the ambient temperature < 0°C, start the low - temperature cargo compartment heating mode + battery heat preservation mode. Turn on the first electronic water pump and the second electronic water pump. The second end of the first electronic three - way valve is connected to the cargo compartment heating core, the third end of the second electronic three - way valve is connected to the plate heat exchanger, the second end of the third electronic three - way valve is connected to the liquid heater, and the four - way reversing valve is in commutation mode B, that is, the first and second interfaces are internally conducted, and the third and fourth interfaces are internally conducted. At this time, the battery liquid flow circuit and the cargo compartment liquid flow circuit operate in series. The circulating water flows from the battery pack water outlet, passes through the second electronic three - way valve, the plate heat exchanger, the third electronic three - way valve, then through the third and fourth interfaces of the four - way reversing valve and enters the brake heat dissipation core. After absorbing the heat generated by the brake heating element, it passes through the first electronic three - way valve and enters the cargo compartment heating core to release heat to the cargo compartment directionally, realizing the function of thawing frozen sand in the cargo compartment. Then it returns to the battery pack through the first and second interfaces of the four - way reversing valve, and the heat generated by the brake heating element is used for battery heat preservation.

[0024] (7) Low-temperature cargo compartment heating + battery low-temperature cooling mode: Detect the battery temperature and ambient temperature. When the battery temperature > 30°C and the ambient temperature < -25°C, start the low-temperature cargo compartment heating mode + battery low-temperature refrigeration mode. Turn on the first electronic water pump and the second electronic water pump. The second end of the first electronic three-way valve is connected to the cargo compartment heating core, the second end of the second electronic three-way valve is connected to the radiator, the third end of the third electronic three-way valve is connected to the second electronic water pump, and the second and third interfaces of the four-way reversing valve are internally conducted, and the first and fourth interfaces are internally conducted, that is, in commutation mode A, and the battery cooling circuit and the cargo compartment heating circuit are in a parallel relationship. The circulating water in the battery circuit flows from the battery pack water outlet through the second electronic three-way valve into the radiator, and after natural cooling, it returns to the battery pack through the third electronic three-way valve and the second and third interfaces of the four-way reversing valve, realizing the battery low-temperature cooling function. The circulating water in the cargo compartment circuit flows backward from the brake heat dissipation core through the cargo compartment heating core, and after discharging heat to the cargo compartment directionally, it returns to the brake heat dissipation core through the first and fourth interfaces of the four-way reversing valve, realizing the function of thawing frozen sand in the cargo compartment.

[0025] (8) Battery shutdown heat preservation mode: Detect the ambient temperature. When the ambient temperature < -35°C, keep warm through the heating film in the battery pack. When the ambient temperature < -40°C, turn on the second electronic water pump, the liquid heater and the heating film in the battery pack. The third end of the second electronic three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the plate heat exchanger circulating water side, the third end of the third electronic three-way valve is connected to the liquid heater, and the second and third interfaces of the four-way reversing valve are internally conducted, and the first and fourth interfaces are internally conducted, that is, in commutation mode A, and the battery cooling circuit and the cargo compartment heating circuit are in a parallel relationship. The circulating water flows from the battery pack water outlet through the second electronic three-way valve, the plate heat exchanger, the third electronic three-way valve into the liquid heater, and after heating, it returns to the battery pack through the second and third interfaces of the four-way reversing valve, and the battery pack is kept warm through the liquid heater and the heating film.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0027] 1. The battery heat dissipation mode can be automatically switched according to the ambient temperature and the battery temperature;

[0028] 2. Effective thermal management of the battery can be achieved in the full temperature range;

[0029] 3. The heat generated by the battery and the heat generated by the brake heating element in the low-temperature environment are recovered for cargo compartment heating, realizing the function of thawing frozen sand;

[0030] 4. The heat dissipation system has high efficiency and low energy consumption; 5. The thermal management system is convenient and flexible to adjust, has strong applicability and high reliability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The accompanying drawings, as part of the present invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The schematic embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention, but do not unduly limit the present invention. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments, and those of ordinary skill in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

[0032] In the accompanying drawings:

[0033] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the battery thermal management system of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the battery refrigeration condition of the thermal management system of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the battery air-cooling condition of the thermal management system of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the low-temperature battery heating condition and the battery shutdown heat preservation mode of the thermal management system of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the low-temperature cargo compartment heating + battery heating mode condition of the thermal management system of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the battery self-circulation condition and the low-temperature cargo compartment heating + battery heat preservation mode of the thermal management system of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the low-temperature cargo compartment heating + battery low-temperature refrigeration condition of the thermal management system of the present invention;

[0040] In the figure, 1. Brake heat dissipation core; 2. First electronic three-way valve; 3. Cargo compartment heating core; 4. Four-way reversing valve; 5. First expansion water tank; 6. First electronic water pump; 7. Brake heating element; 8. Battery pack; 9. Outlet water temperature sensor; 10. Second electronic three-way valve; 11. Plate heat exchanger; 12. Third electronic three-way valve; 13. Liquid heater; 14. Second expansion water tank; 15. Second electronic water pump; 16. Inlet water temperature sensor; 17. Compressor; 18. Condenser; 19. Expansion valve; 20. Electronic fan; 21. Radiator.

[0041] It should be noted that these accompanying drawings and textual descriptions are not intended to limit the scope of the concept of the present invention in any way, but to illustrate the concept of the present invention to those skilled in the art by referring to specific embodiments. Detailed implementation manners

[0042] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0043] As Figure 1 shown, a battery thermal management system for an engineering vehicle consists of a battery liquid flow circuit and a cargo box heating liquid flow circuit. The battery liquid flow circuit includes two parts: a circulating water circuit and a refrigerant circuit. The refrigerant circuit includes a compressor 17, a condenser 18, an expansion valve 19, and an electronic fan 20; the circulating water circuit includes a battery pack 8, an inlet water temperature sensor 16, an outlet water temperature sensor 9, a second electronic water pump 15, a second electronic three-way valve 10, a third electronic three-way valve 12, a radiator 21, a plate heat exchanger 11, a liquid heater 13, a second expansion tank 14, and a four-way reversing valve 4. The cargo box heating circuit includes a brake heating element 7, a brake heat dissipation core 1, a cargo box heating core 3, a first electronic water pump 6, a first electronic three-way valve 2, and a first expansion tank 5. The two parts of the battery liquid flow circuit, namely the circulating water circuit and the refrigerant circuit, are coupled through the four-way reversing valve 4.

[0044] In this embodiment, the four-way reversing valve 4 has two commutation modes: commutation mode A and commutation mode B. In commutation mode A, the second port b and the third port c of the four-way reversing valve 4 are internally conducted, and the first port a and the fourth port d are internally conducted. In commutation mode B, the first port a and the second port b of the four-way reversing valve 4 are internally conducted, and the third port c and the fourth port d are internally conducted. When the four-way reversing valve 4 is in commutation mode A, the battery liquid flow circuit and the cargo box heating liquid flow circuit in the system are in a parallel relationship. When the four-way reversing valve 4 is in commutation mode B, the battery liquid flow circuit and the cargo box heating liquid flow circuit in the system are in a series relationship.

[0045] In this embodiment, in the circulating water circuit for battery cooling or heating, the outlet of the battery pack 8 is connected to the first end of the second electronic three-way valve 10. The second end of the second electronic three-way valve 10 is connected to the inlet of the circulating water side of the plate heat exchanger 11. The third end of the second electronic three-way valve 10 is connected to the inlet of the radiator 21. After the outlet of the radiator 21 and the outlet of the circulating water side of the plate heat exchanger 11 converge, they are connected to the first end of the third electronic three-way valve 12. The second end of the third electronic three-way valve 12 is connected to the inlet of the second electronic water pump 15 through the liquid heater 13. The third end of the third electronic three-way valve 12 converges with the outlet of the liquid heater 13 and is directly connected to the inlet of the second electronic water pump 15. The outlet of the second electronic water pump 15 is connected to the third port of the four-way reversing valve 4. The second port of the four-way reversing valve 4 is connected to the inlet of the battery pack 8. A second expansion tank 14 is provided at the front end of the inlet of the second electronic water pump 15.

[0046] In this embodiment, the cargo compartment heating circuit includes a braking heating element 7, a braking heat dissipation core 1, a cargo compartment heating core 3, a first electronic water pump 6, a first electronic three-way valve 2, and a first expansion tank 5.

[0047] In this embodiment, in the cargo compartment heating liquid flow circuit, the braking heating element 7 consumes energy and converts it into heat energy, which is released to the braking heat dissipation core 1; the outlet of the braking heat dissipation core 1 is connected to the first end of the first electronic three-way valve 2, the second end of the first electronic three-way valve 2 is connected to the inlet of the cargo compartment heating core 3, the outlet of the cargo compartment heating core 3 is connected to the first interface of the four-way reversing valve 4, and after the third end of the first electronic three-way valve 2 converges with the outlet of the cargo compartment heating core 3, it is also connected to the first interface of the four-way reversing valve 4; the fourth interface of the four-way reversing valve 4 is connected to the inlet of the first electronic water pump 6, and the outlet of the first electronic water pump 6 is connected to the inlet of the braking heat dissipation core 1; a first expansion tank 5 is provided at the front end of the inlet of the first electronic water pump 6.

[0048] In this embodiment, in the cargo compartment heating liquid flow circuit, the heat released by the braking heat dissipation core 1 can be used to heat the circulating water in the cargo compartment liquid flow circuit; the cargo compartment heating cores 3 are evenly embedded in the carriage board of the dump truck. The inner surface of the carriage board is made of a material with a high thermal conductivity coefficient, and the outer surface of the carriage board is made of a material with a low thermal conductivity coefficient. When the circulating water flows through the cargo compartment heating core, it can release heat to the inner side of the carriage board in a directional manner to achieve the function of thawing frozen sand.

[0049] In this embodiment, electronic fans 20 are installed at the radiator 21 and the condenser 18. One end of the condenser 18 is connected to the plate heat exchanger 11 through an expansion valve 19, and the other end of the condenser 18 is connected to the plate heat exchanger through a compressor 17. The battery pack 8 is provided with an in-pack heating film. The water inlet of the battery pack 8 is connected to the second electronic water pump 15, and a second expansion tank 14 is provided at the front end of the second electronic water pump 15 to realize the exhaust and liquid supplement of the battery cooling / heating liquid flow circulation circuit and prevent the pipeline from being sucked flat. The liquid heater 13 in the battery cooling / heating liquid flow circulation circuit uses a water heating PTC heater. The braking heating element 7 includes but is not limited to forms such as braking resistors, eddy current retarders, and caliper discs. The braking heating element 7 releases heat to the braking heat dissipation core 1 through heat conduction. The outlet water temperature sensor 9 is connected to the outlet end of the battery pack 8, and the inlet water temperature sensor 16 is connected to the inlet end of the battery pack 8.

[0050] A battery heat management method for an engineering vehicle includes the following methods:

[0051] (1) Battery refrigeration mode: As Figure 2As shown in the figure, the battery temperature and the ambient temperature are detected. When the battery temperature > 30°C and the ambient temperature > 10°C, the battery cooling mode is started. At this time, the second electronic water pump 15, the electronic fan 20, the compressor 17 and the condenser 18 are turned on. The third end j of the second electronic three-way valve 10 is connected to the inlet of the circulating water side of the plate heat exchanger 11. The third end l of the third electronic three-way valve 12 is connected to the second electronic water pump 15. The second interface b and the third interface c of the four-way reversing valve 4 are internally conducted, and the first interface a and the fourth interface d are internally conducted, that is, in the commutation mode A, and the battery cooling circuit and the cargo compartment heating circuit are in a parallel relationship. The circulating water enters the plate heat exchanger 11 from the outlet of the battery pack 8 through the second electronic three-way valve 10, exchanges heat with the refrigerant passing through the compressor 17 and the condenser 18 in the plate heat exchanger 11, and then returns to the battery pack 8 through the third electronic three-way valve 12, the second interface b and the third interface c of the four-way reversing valve 4.

[0052] (2) Battery air cooling mode: As Figure 3 shown, the battery temperature and the ambient temperature are detected. When the battery temperature > 30°C and the ambient temperature < 10°C, the battery air cooling mode is started. At this time, the second electronic water pump 15 and the electronic fan 20 are turned on. The second end i of the second electronic three-way valve 10 is connected to the radiator 21. The third end l of the third electronic three-way valve 12 is connected to the second electronic water pump 15. The second interface b and the third interface c of the four-way reversing valve 4 are internally conducted, and the first interface a and the fourth interface d are internally conducted, that is, in the commutation mode A, and the battery cooling circuit and the cargo compartment heating circuit are in a parallel relationship. The circulating water enters the radiator 21 from the outlet of the battery pack 8 through the second electronic three-way valve 10, and returns to the battery pack 8 through the third electronic three-way valve 12, the second interface b and the third interface c of the four-way reversing valve 4 after heat dissipation and cooling.

[0053] (3) Low-temperature battery heating mode: As Figure 4 shown, the battery temperature and the ambient temperature are detected. When the battery temperature < 0°C, the low-temperature battery heating mode is started. The second electronic water pump 15, the liquid heater 13 and the in-battery heating film of the battery pack 8 are turned on. The third end j of the second electronic three-way valve 10 is connected to the inlet of the circulating water side of the plate heat exchanger 11. The second end m of the third electronic three-way valve 12 is connected to the liquid heater 13. The second interface b and the third interface c of the four-way reversing valve 4 are internally conducted, and the first interface a and the fourth interface d are internally conducted, that is, in the commutation mode A, and the battery cooling circuit and the cargo compartment heating circuit are in a parallel relationship. The circulating water enters the liquid heater 13 from the outlet of the battery pack 8 through the second electronic three-way valve 10, the plate heat exchanger 11 and the third electronic three-way valve 12, and returns to the battery pack 8 through the second interface b and the third interface c of the four-way reversing valve 4 after heating.

[0054] (4) Low-temperature cargo compartment heating + battery heating mode: As Figure 5As shown in the figure, the battery temperature and the ambient temperature are detected. When the battery temperature < 0°C and the ambient temperature < 0°C, the low-temperature cargo compartment heating + battery heating mode is started, and the first electronic water pump 6, the second electronic water pump 15, the liquid heater 13, and the in-pack heating film of the battery pack 8 are turned on. The second end f of the first electronic three-way valve 2 is connected to the cargo compartment heating core 3, the third end j of the second electronic three-way valve 10 is connected to the plate heat exchanger 11, the second end m of the third electronic three-way valve 12 is connected to the liquid heater 13, and the four-way reversing valve 4 is in the reversing mode B, that is, the first interface a and the second interface b are internally conducted, and the third interface c and the fourth interface d are internally conducted. At this time, the battery liquid flow circuit and the cargo compartment liquid flow circuit operate in series. The circulating water passes through the second electronic three-way valve 10, the plate heat exchanger 11, the third electronic three-way valve 12 from the water outlet of the battery pack 8 and enters the liquid heater 13. After being heated, it enters the brake cooling core 1 through the third interface c and the fourth interface d of the four-way reversing valve 4. After absorbing the heat generated by the brake heating element 7, it enters the cargo compartment heating core 3 through the first electronic three-way valve 2, and releases heat to the cargo compartment directionally, realizing the function of thawing the frozen sand in the cargo compartment. Then it returns to the battery pack through the first interface a and the second interface b of the four-way reversing valve 4, and the heat generated by the brake heating element 7 and the liquid heater 13 is used for battery heating.

[0055] (5)Battery self-circulation mode: As Figure 6 shown in the figure, the battery temperature and the ambient temperature are detected. When the battery temperature is between 15°C and 30°C and the ambient temperature > 0°C, the battery self-circulation mode is started. The second electronic water pump 15 is turned on. The third end j of the second electronic three-way valve 10 is connected to the inlet of the circulating water side of the plate heat exchanger 11. The third end l of the third electronic three-way valve 12 is connected to the second electronic water pump 15. The second interface b and the third interface c of the four-way reversing valve 4 are internally conducted, and the first interface a and the fourth interface d are internally conducted, that is, in the reversing mode A. The battery cooling circuit and the cargo compartment heating circuit are in a parallel relationship. The circulating water passes through the second electronic three-way valve 10, the plate heat exchanger 11 from the water outlet of the battery pack 8, then passes through the third electronic three-way valve 12, and the second interface b and the third interface c of the four-way reversing valve 4, and directly returns to the battery pack 8.

[0056] (6) Low-temperature cargo compartment heating + battery heat preservation mode: Detect the battery temperature and the ambient temperature. When the battery temperature is between 15°C and 30°C and the ambient temperature < 0°C, start the low-temperature cargo compartment heating mode + battery heat preservation mode. Turn on the first electronic water pump 6 and the second electronic water pump 15. The second end f of the first electronic three-way valve 2 is connected to the cargo compartment heating core 3, the third end j of the second electronic three-way valve 10 is connected to the plate heat exchanger 11, the second end m of the third electronic three-way valve 12 is connected to the liquid heater 13, and the four-way reversing valve 4 is in reversing mode B, that is, the first interface a and the second interface b are internally connected, and the third interface c and the fourth interface d are internally connected. At this time, the battery liquid flow circuit and the cargo compartment liquid flow circuit operate in series. The circulating water passes through the second electronic three-way valve 10, the plate heat exchanger 11, the third electronic three-way valve 12 from the water outlet of the battery pack 8, and then enters the brake heat dissipation core 1 through the third interface c and the fourth interface d of the four-way reversing valve 4. After absorbing the heat generated by the brake heating element 7, it enters the cargo compartment heating core 3 through the first electronic three-way valve 2, releases heat to the cargo compartment directionally, and realizes the function of thawing frozen sand in the cargo compartment. Then it returns to the battery pack 8 through the first interface a and the second interface b of the four-way reversing valve 4, and uses the heat generated by the brake heating element 7 for battery heat preservation. At this time, the flow direction of the coolant is the same as that shown in Figure 6 shown.

[0057] (7) Low-temperature cargo compartment heating + battery low-temperature cooling mode: As Figure 7 shown, detect the battery temperature and the ambient temperature. When the battery temperature > 30°C and the ambient temperature < -25°C, start the low-temperature cargo compartment heating mode + battery low-temperature refrigeration mode. Turn on the first electronic water pump 6 and the second electronic water pump 15. The second end f of the first electronic three-way valve 2 is connected to the cargo compartment heating core 3, the second end i of the second electronic three-way valve 10 is connected to the radiator 21, the third end l of the third electronic three-way valve 12 is connected to the second electronic water pump 15, and the second interface b and the third interface c of the four-way reversing valve 4 are internally connected, and the first interface a and the fourth interface d are internally connected, that is, in reversing mode A, and the battery cooling circuit and the cargo compartment heating circuit are in a parallel relationship. The circulating water in the battery circuit passes through the second electronic three-way valve 10 from the water outlet of the battery pack 8 and enters the radiator 21. After natural cooling, it returns to the battery pack 8 through the third electronic three-way valve 12 and the second interface b and the third interface c of the four-way reversing valve 4, realizing the function of battery low-temperature cooling. The circulating water in the cargo compartment circuit passes through the first electronic three-way valve 2 from the brake heat dissipation core 1, then flows through the cargo compartment heating core 3, and after releasing heat to the cargo compartment directionally, it returns to the brake heat dissipation core 1 through the first interface a and the fourth interface d of the four-way reversing valve 4, realizing the function of thawing frozen sand in the cargo compartment.

[0058] (8) Battery shutdown and heat preservation mode: Detect the ambient temperature. When the ambient temperature < -35°C, the battery is heat-preserved through the heating film inside the battery pack. When the ambient temperature < -40°C, the second electronic water pump 15 is turned on, and at the same time, the liquid heater 13 and the heating film inside the battery pack 8 are turned on. The third end j of the second electronic three-way valve 10 is connected to the inlet of the circulating water side of the plate heat exchanger 11, and the third end m of the third electronic three-way valve 12 is connected to the liquid heater 13. The second interface b and the third interface c of the four-way reversing valve 4 are internally conducted, and the first interface a and the fourth interface d are internally conducted, that is, in the reversing mode A, and the battery cooling circuit and the cargo compartment heating circuit are in a parallel relationship. The circulating water passes through the second electronic three-way valve 10, the plate heat exchanger 11, and the third electronic three-way valve 12 from the outlet of the battery pack 8 and enters the liquid heater 13. After being heated, it returns to the battery pack 8 through the second interface b and the third interface c of the four-way reversing valve 4. The battery pack is heat-preserved by the heat generated by the liquid heater and the heating film. At this time, the flow direction of the coolant is the same as that Figure 4 shown.

[0059] Through practice, the present invention can control different heat dissipation methods according to the ambient temperature and the battery temperature. It saves energy consumption, reduces costs, and improves the reliability of the battery and the entire system. For example, in spring, autumn, and winter seasons when the ambient temperature is low, the battery does not need to use compression refrigeration for cooling, reducing the quality risk, and the system power consumption drops by about 70%; in extremely cold weather below -25°C, the system can actively control the temperature of the battery to achieve the best temperature management for full-condition operation. At the same time, in a low-temperature environment, the heat generated by the battery and the heat generated by the braking heating element are recovered for heating the cargo compartment, realizing the function of thawing frozen sand, further reducing the energy consumption of the whole vehicle, and at the same time solving the problem that the frozen sand affects the operation efficiency of the cargo compartment transfer at low temperature.

[0060] In the specification provided here, a large number of specific details are described. However, it can be understood that the embodiments of the present invention can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known methods, structures, and technologies are not shown in detail so as not to obscure the understanding of this specification.

[0061] In addition, those skilled in the art can understand that although some embodiments described herein include certain features contained in other embodiments rather than other features, the combination of the features of different embodiments also means that it is within the protection scope of the present invention and forms different embodiments. For example, in the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can use them in combination according to the known technical solutions and the technical problems to be solved by this application.

[0062] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and there is no limitation to the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed above with the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art of this patent, without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, can make some changes or modifications using the technical content prompted above to be equivalent embodiments of equivalent changes. However, as long as it does not depart from the content of the technical solution of the present invention, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention still fall within the scope of the present invention's solution.

Claims

1. A battery heat management system for an engineering vehicle, characterized in that: it consists of a battery liquid flow circuit and a cargo compartment heating liquid flow circuit; the battery liquid flow circuit includes two parts, a circulating water circuit and a refrigerant circuit, and the two parts of the circulating water circuit and the refrigerant circuit are coupled through a four-way reversing valve; the four-way reversing valve includes two reversing modes, mode A and mode B. When the four-way reversing valve is in reversing mode A, the battery liquid flow circuit and the cargo compartment heating liquid flow circuit in the system are in a parallel relationship; when the four-way reversing valve is in reversing mode B, the battery liquid flow circuit and the cargo compartment heating liquid flow circuit in the system are in a series relationship; when the battery needs to be cooled, the battery liquid flow circuit and the cargo compartment liquid flow circuit operate in parallel; when the cargo compartment or the battery needs to be heated, the cargo compartment liquid flow circuit and the battery liquid flow circuit operate in series, and the heat generated by the braking heating element is carried into the cargo compartment or the battery pack to realize the function of thawing frozen sand in the cargo compartment and heating the battery; the cargo compartment heating circuit includes a braking heating element, a braking heat dissipation core, a cargo compartment heating core, a first electronic water pump, a first electronic three-way valve and a first expansion tank; in the cargo compartment heating liquid flow circuit, the braking heating element consumes energy and is converted into heat energy, which is released to the braking heat dissipation core; the outlet of the braking heat dissipation core is connected to the first end of the first electronic three-way valve, the second end of the first electronic three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the cargo compartment heating core, the outlet of the cargo compartment heating core is connected to the first interface of the four-way reversing valve, and after the third end of the first electronic three-way valve converges with the outlet of the cargo compartment heating core, it is also connected to the first interface of the four-way reversing valve; the fourth interface of the four-way reversing valve is connected to the inlet of the first electronic water pump, and the outlet of the first electronic water pump is connected to the inlet of the braking heat dissipation core; a first expansion tank is provided at the front end of the inlet of the first electronic water pump.

2. A battery heat management system for an engineering vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the reversing mode A, the second interface b and the third interface c of the four-way reversing valve are internally conducted, and the first interface a and the fourth interface d are internally conducted; in the reversing mode B, the first interface a and the second interface b of the four-way reversing valve are internally conducted, and the third interface c and the fourth interface d are internally conducted.

3. A battery heat management system for an engineering vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: the refrigerant circuit includes a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an electronic fan; the circulating water circuit includes a battery pack, an inlet water temperature sensor, an outlet water temperature sensor, a second electronic water pump, a second electronic three-way valve, a third electronic three-way valve, a radiator, a plate heat exchanger, a liquid heater, a second expansion tank and an electronic four-way reversing valve; the battery pack has an in-package heating film.

4. A battery heat management system for an engineering vehicle according to claim 3, characterized in that: in the circulating water circuit for battery cooling or heating, the outlet of the battery pack is connected to the first end of the second electronic three-way valve, the second end of the second electronic three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the circulating water side of the plate heat exchanger, the third end of the second electronic three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the radiator, and after the outlet of the radiator converges with the outlet of the circulating water side of the plate heat exchanger, it is connected to the first end of the third electronic three-way valve; The second end of the third electronic three-way valve is connected to the inlet of the second electronic water pump through a liquid heater, and the third end of the third electronic three-way valve is confluent with the outlet of the liquid heater and directly connected to the inlet of the second electronic water pump; The outlet of the second electronic water pump is connected to the third interface of the four-way reversing valve; the second interface of the four-way reversing valve is connected to the water inlet of the battery pack; a second expansion tank is arranged at the front end of the inlet of the second electronic water pump.

5. A battery thermal management system for an engineering vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the cargo box heating liquid flow circuit, the heat released by the brake heat dissipation core can be used to heat the circulating water in the cargo box liquid flow circuit; The cargo box heating cores are evenly embedded in the side plates of the dump truck cargo box. The inner surface of the side plate is made of a material with a high thermal conductivity coefficient, and the outer surface of the side plate is made of a material with a low thermal conductivity coefficient. When the circulating water flows through the cargo box heating cores, heat can be directionally released to the inner side of the side plate to achieve the function of thawing frozen sand.

6. A method for a battery thermal management system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The working mode is switched by adjusting the four-way reversing valve, the first electronic three-way valve, the second electronic three-way valve, and the third electronic three-way valve; The working modes include battery refrigeration mode, battery air cooling mode, low-temperature battery heating mode, low-temperature cargo box heating + battery heating mode, battery self-circulation mode, low-temperature cargo box heating mode + battery self-circulation mode, low-temperature cargo box heating mode + battery low-temperature refrigeration mode, and battery shutdown heat preservation mode.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the battery temperature > 30°C and the ambient temperature > 10°C, start the battery refrigeration mode: set the four-way reversing valve to reversing mode A. The circulating water flows from the battery pack water outlet through the second electronic three-way valve into the plate heat exchanger, exchanges heat with the refrigerant passing through the compressor and condenser in the plate heat exchanger, and then returns to the battery pack through the third electronic three-way valve and the second and third interfaces of the four-way reversing valve; When the battery temperature > 30°C and the ambient temperature < 10°C, start the battery air cooling mode: set the four-way reversing valve to reversing mode A. The circulating water flows from the battery pack water outlet through the second electronic three-way valve into the radiator, is cooled by heat dissipation, and then returns to the battery pack through the third electronic three-way valve and the second and third interfaces of the four-way reversing valve; When the battery temperature < 0°C, start the low-temperature battery heating mode: set the four-way reversing valve to reversing mode A. The circulating water flows from the battery pack water outlet through the second electronic three-way valve, the plate heat exchanger, and the third electronic three-way valve into the liquid heater, is heated, and then returns to the battery pack through the second and third interfaces of the four-way reversing valve; When the battery temperature is between 15°C and 30°C and the ambient temperature > 0°C, start the battery self-circulation mode: set the four-way reversing valve to reversing mode A. The circulating water flows from the battery pack water outlet through the second electronic three-way valve, the plate heat exchanger, and then through the third electronic three-way valve and the second and third interfaces of the four-way reversing valve, and directly returns to the battery pack; When the battery temperature > 30°C and the ambient temperature < -25°C, start the low-temperature cargo compartment heating mode + battery low-temperature refrigeration mode: Set the four-way reversing valve to reversing mode A. The circulating water in the battery circuit flows from the battery pack water outlet through the second electronic three-way valve into the radiator, and after natural cooling, it returns to the battery pack through the third electronic three-way valve and the second and third interfaces of the four-way reversing valve, realizing the battery low-temperature cooling function; The circulating water in the cargo compartment circuit flows backward from the brake heat dissipation core through the cargo compartment heating core, and after discharging heat to the cargo compartment directionally, it returns to the brake heat dissipation core through the first and fourth interfaces of the four-way reversing valve, realizing the function of thawing frozen sand in the cargo compartment; When the ambient temperature < -35°C, keep the battery pack warm through the heating film inside the battery pack: Set the four-way reversing valve to reversing mode A. The circulating water flows from the battery pack water outlet through the second electronic three-way valve, the plate heat exchanger, the third electronic three-way valve into the liquid heater, and after heating, it returns to the battery pack through the second and third interfaces of the four-way reversing valve, and the battery pack is kept warm through the liquid heater and the heating film.

8. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: When the battery temperature < 0°C and the ambient temperature < 0°C, start the low-temperature cargo compartment heating + battery heating mode: Set the four-way reversing valve to reversing mode B. The circulating water flows from the battery pack water outlet through the second electronic three-way valve, the plate heat exchanger, the third electronic three-way valve into the liquid heater, and after heating, it enters the brake heat dissipation core through the third and fourth interfaces of the four-way reversing valve. After absorbing the heat generated by the brake heating element, it enters the cargo compartment heating core through the first electronic three-way valve, and discharges heat to the cargo compartment directionally, realizing the function of thawing frozen sand in the cargo compartment; Then it returns to the battery pack through the first and second interfaces of the four-way reversing valve, and the heat generated by the brake heating element and the liquid heater is used for battery heating; When the battery temperature is between 15°C and 30°C and the ambient temperature < 0°C, start the low-temperature cargo compartment heating mode + battery heat preservation mode: Set the four-way reversing valve to reversing mode B. The circulating water flows from the battery pack water outlet through the second electronic three-way valve, the plate heat exchanger, the third electronic three-way valve, and then enters the brake heat dissipation core through the third and fourth interfaces of the four-way reversing valve. After absorbing the heat generated by the brake heating element, it enters the cargo compartment heating core through the first electronic three-way valve, and discharges heat to the cargo compartment directionally, realizing the function of thawing frozen sand in the cargo compartment; Then it returns to the battery pack through the first and second interfaces of the four-way reversing valve, and the heat generated by the brake heating element is used for battery heat preservation.

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